Travel itinerary generation method and device, equipment, storage medium and program product

By acquiring users' travel intentions and generating travel itineraries, the problem of poor itinerary planning in the existing technology is solved, and flexible adjustment and personalized satisfaction of itineraries are achieved.

CN119539229APending Publication Date: 2025-02-28ANHUI IFLYTEK INTELLIGENT SYST
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202411727178.6
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-11-28
Publication Date
2025-02-28

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing free travel itinerary planning scheme is poor in flexibility and it is difficult to adjust the itinerary, resulting in unreasonable play order, insufficient time, and improper budget control.

Method used

By obtaining the user's travel intentions, determining the target tourism resources and paths, generating a travel itinerary, and adjusting it after the user feedbacks and modifys the information, improving the flexibility of the itinerary.

Benefits of technology

It improves the flexibility of travel itinerary planning, allowing users to adjust their itineraries according to their needs, and avoids the problems of unreasonable play order, insufficient time, and improper budget control.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention provides a travel itinerary generation method and apparatus, a device, a storage medium and a program product. The travel itinerary generation method comprises the steps of obtaining a travel intention of a user; based on the travel intention of the user, determining a target travel resource required to be used in the travel itinerary; based on the target tourism resources, determining a target tourism path; and generating a target travel itinerary based on the target travel resource and the target travel path. The travel itinerary planning method and device can improve the travel itinerary planning flexibility.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a travel itinerary generation method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product. Background Art

[0002] As the tourism market continues to mature and consumer demand continues to change, more and more tourists choose to travel independently. Although the independent travel mode is growing, it usually takes half a day to a day to prepare and research the destination before traveling, and understand the culture, customs, attractions and other information of the destination in order to better integrate into the trip. There are also problems such as information asymmetry, time budget constraints, and personalized needs, which can easily lead to unreasonable travel order, insufficient travel time, improper budget control, etc. in the planned itinerary, and even the situation where the trip cannot be carried out due to the peak tourism season.

[0003] The current free travel itinerary planning scheme mainly obtains the time information, location information and route information of the travel and constructs multiple travel itinerary plans based on this information; a multi-party multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on game theory is used to select the optimal travel itinerary plan from multiple travel itinerary plans to complete the travel itinerary planning; with the help of the idea of ​​game theory, the average value of the hypervolume value of each participant is taken as the benefit, so as to solve the travel problem and obtain an optimal travel itinerary plan with maximized benefits to meet the needs of tourism.

[0004] At present, the flexibility of travel itinerary planning is poor. The best travel itinerary plan is selected from multiple travel itinerary plans. Only the generated travel itinerary plan can be selected, and it is difficult to adjust the travel itinerary plan. If adjustment is required, the entire travel itinerary plan needs to be regenerated. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a travel itinerary generation method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product to enhance the flexibility of travel itinerary planning.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a method for generating a travel itinerary is provided, comprising:

[0007] Obtain the user's travel intention;

[0008] Based on the user's travel intention, determine the target tourism resources needed in the travel itinerary;

[0009] Determine the target tourism route based on the target tourism resources;

[0010] Generate target travel itinerary based on target travel resources and target travel routes.

[0011] Optionally, determining target tourism resources required in the travel itinerary based on the user's travel intention includes:

[0012] Determine the user's travel preferences and travel constraints based on the user's travel intention;

[0013] Based on the tourism preference and the tourism constraint condition, target tourism resources required in the tourism itinerary are determined from various tourism resources.

[0014] Optionally, determining target tourism resources required for a tourism itinerary from various tourism resources based on the tourism preference and the tourism constraint condition includes:

[0015] Based on historical travel data, predict the demand for each tourism resource corresponding to each sub-period in the user's planned travel period, and determine the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period based on the demand;

[0016] Determining the priority of the tourism resource combination corresponding to each tourism itinerary based on the tourism preference and the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period;

[0017] Based on the priority and the travel constraints, target travel resources required in the travel itinerary are determined.

[0018] Optionally, determining a target travel route based on target travel resources includes:

[0019] Based on the geographical locations of target tourism resources, multiple tourism routes passing through each target tourism resource are determined;

[0020] A target travel route is determined from the plurality of travel routes.

[0021] Optionally, after generating the target travel itinerary based on the target travel resources and the target travel route, the method further includes:

[0022] Identify itinerary modification information reported by users;

[0023] Based on the itinerary modification information, the target travel itinerary is adjusted to obtain an adjusted travel itinerary.

[0024] Optionally, the identifying the itinerary modification information fed back by the user includes:

[0025] Displaying the target travel itinerary on a user interaction interface;

[0026] Acquire a modification operation of the user on the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface;

[0027] Based on the modification operation, trip modification information is identified.

[0028] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0029] On the user interaction interface, the selection reason corresponding to the adjusted travel itinerary is displayed.

[0030] Optionally, obtaining the user's travel intention includes:

[0031] Obtain multiple rounds of travel query dialogues between users and the big model;

[0032] The user's travel intention is identified from multiple rounds of travel query dialogues.

[0033] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a travel itinerary generating device is provided, comprising:

[0034] An acquisition unit, used to acquire the user's travel intention;

[0035] A resource determination unit, used to determine target tourism resources required in a travel itinerary based on the user's travel intention;

[0036] A route determination unit, used for determining a target travel route based on target travel resources;

[0037] The generating unit is used to generate a target tourism itinerary based on the target tourism resources and the target tourism route.

[0038] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electronic device, including a memory and a processor;

[0039] The memory is connected to the processor and is used to store programs;

[0040] The processor is used to implement the travel itinerary generation method as described in the first aspect by running the program in the memory.

[0041] According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for generating a travel itinerary as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0042] According to a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is provided, comprising computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, enable the processor to execute the travel itinerary generating method as described in the first aspect.

[0043] In this application, the user's travel intention is obtained, and based on the user's travel intention, the target travel resources required in the travel itinerary are determined, based on the target travel resources, the target travel path is determined, and based on the target travel resources and the target travel path, the target travel itinerary is generated. The entire travel itinerary generation process is divided into multiple steps. If only the target travel resources need to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention. The target travel resources can be directly adjusted, and the target travel path can be determined based on the adjusted target travel resources; if only the target travel path needs to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention, and there is no need to re-determine the target travel resources. The target travel path can be directly adjusted, and then the target travel itinerary is generated based on the adjusted target travel path and target travel resources. It can be seen that in the above scheme, in the process of adjusting the travel itinerary, only some steps can be reprocessed, and the entire travel itinerary generation process does not need to be reprocessed, which can improve the flexibility of travel itinerary planning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for generating a travel itinerary provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process of step 101 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a process of step 102 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 A flowchart of step 302 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a process of step 103 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for generating a travel itinerary provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a process of step 601 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the structure of a travel itinerary generating device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] Exemplary Implementation Environment

[0056] The travel itinerary generation method according to the embodiment of the present application can be executed by an electronic device such as a terminal device or a server, and the terminal device can be a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a personal digital assistant (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), a handheld device, a computing device, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, etc. The server can be an independent physical server, a server cluster composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server capable of cloud computing. The method can be implemented by a processor calling a computer-readable program instruction stored in a memory.

[0057] Exemplary Methods

[0058] See also Figure 1 In an exemplary embodiment, a method for generating a travel itinerary is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the process of the travel itinerary generation method mainly includes:

[0059] Step 101, obtaining the user's travel intention.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, a user's travel intention may include a relatively implicit travel demand such as "I want to go to the beach to relax", which may not include travel elements such as a specific destination; a user's travel intention may also include travel elements such as the destination, time, budget, number of people, and the relationship between travelers. This application does not limit the specific content included in the user's travel intention.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, step 101 includes:

[0062] Step 201, obtaining multiple rounds of travel query dialogues between the user and the big model.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, a user can input a travel query statement to the big model on the user interaction interface, and obtain a travel reply statement corresponding to the travel query statement through the big model. Based on the travel reply statement, the user inputs a new travel query statement to the big model again, and this process is repeated multiple times to obtain multiple rounds of travel query dialogues between the user and the big model. Among them, a travel query statement and a travel reply statement corresponding to the travel query statement are regarded as a round of travel query dialogue.

[0064] Step 202: Identify the user's travel intention from multiple rounds of travel query dialogues.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, tracking and analyzing multiple rounds of travel inquiry dialogues can provide insights into incremental changes in user demand.

[0066] Acquire multiple rounds of travel query dialogues between users and the big model, identify users' travel intentions from these dialogues, accurately obtain users' travel intentions through travel-related information actively inquired by users, and provide users with more personalized itinerary suggestions.

[0067] In some embodiments, step 202 may include: extracting keywords based on the semantic composition of each travel query statement in multiple rounds of travel query dialogues; semantically matching the keywords with the information in the knowledge graph to obtain the user's travel preferences; parsing the travel constraints from each travel query statement; obtaining the order of the user's travel preferences based on the emphasis words in each travel query statement; determining the user's travel intention based on the keywords, the user's travel preferences, the travel constraints and the order of the user's travel preferences.

[0068] By extracting keywords, travel constraints and emphasis words from each travel query statement, the user's travel intention can be accurately obtained.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the keyword may include at least one of a place, an activity, and food that the user is interested in.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the information in the knowledge graph may include information such as weather, season, and the types of people that are suitable for tourist attractions, that is, information that can be queried from all aspects.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, travel constraints may include date, number of people, price, etc.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, when expressing the order of preference, a variety of emphasis words may be used to highlight the preference for different options. For example, the emphasis words may be most, first, second, first, second, or the like, or may be repeated to emphasize the importance of a certain word or phrase, or may be other types of emphasis words, which are not limited in this application.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the user's travel intention may include keywords, the user's travel preferences, travel constraints and the order of the user's various travel preferences. The user's travel intention may also include other information, which is not limited by the present application.

[0074] In some embodiments, clear and concise questions can be used to ask users to verify whether the user's travel intention is accurate, and the information can be further modified based on the travel intention feedback from the user to adjust the user's travel intention to obtain the adjusted user's travel intention.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the step of verifying whether the user's travel intention is accurate can be performed after determining the user's travel intention based on keywords, the user's travel preferences, travel constraints and the order of the user's various travel preferences, or it can be performed after generating a target travel itinerary based on target travel resources and target travel routes. This application is not limited to this.

[0076] In some embodiments, step 202 may include: extracting semantic features for determining intent categories from each travel query statement in multiple rounds of travel query conversations; identifying intent categories corresponding to the semantic features for determining intent categories; and determining the user's travel intention based on the intent categories corresponding to the semantic features for determining intent categories.

[0077] First, the intent category corresponding to the semantic features used to determine the intent category is identified, and then the user's travel intention is determined based on the intent category. This can accurately classify ambiguous intentions and accurately determine the intent category of the user's itinerary planning, so as to provide customized planning strategies and plans later.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the semantic features used to determine the intent category may include user focus, travel constraints, trip length, etc.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, identifying the intent category corresponding to the semantic feature used to determine the intent category may be inputting the semantic feature used to determine the intent category into an intent classification model to obtain the intent category corresponding to the semantic feature used to determine the intent category.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the intent classification model may be a tree decision model, an LR (Logistic Regression) model, an SVM (Support Vector Machine) model, or the like, which is a model for classifying query intent.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, rule-based pattern recognition and deep learning-based text classification can be integrated to tune the intent classification model using real query statements.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, an optimized intent classification model can be integrated into the question-answering system to determine the intent category of the itinerary planning of each new travel query statement of the user in real time, thereby achieving online classification.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the user's travel intention is determined based on the intention category corresponding to the semantic features used to judge the intention category, and then the matching subsequent planning process, recommended strategy and planning template can be dynamically selected to output customized results.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, an explicit confirmation statement may be used to verify whether the user's travel intention determined based on the intention category corresponding to the semantic feature used to determine the intention category matches the user's actual needs.

[0085] In some embodiments, step 202 may include: extracting tourism elements from each tourism query statement in multiple rounds of tourism query dialogues; determining the missing travel elements in each tourism query statement based on a pre-made list of necessary tourism elements and tourism elements; recommending target travel element semantics to the user based on the context in the multiple rounds of tourism query dialogues and the missing travel elements in each tourism query statement; after receiving the user's confirmation information, completing each tourism query statement based on the target travel element semantics to obtain each completed tourism query statement, wherein the confirmation information is used to confirm that the target travel element semantics matches the actual tourism intention; and determining the user's travel intention based on each completed tourism query statement.

[0086] The big model can be used to actively analyze the user's travel query statements to determine whether there are any semantic incompleteness when the user expresses his or her itinerary requirements. It can also intelligently complete the missing parts in the user's travel query statements to more accurately understand the user's actual travel intentions.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, tourism elements may include travel locations, travel periods, number of travelers, and the like.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, after the target travel element semantics are recommended to the user, a simple and clear confirmation interaction can be actively performed with the user to verify whether the recommended target travel element semantics matches the actual travel intention.

[0089] In some other embodiments, step 101 includes: obtaining travel intention input by the user.

[0090] When the user has a clear travel intention, the travel intention input by the user can be directly obtained, without the need for the user to interact with the big model for multiple rounds to query travel information.

[0091] Step 102, based on the user's travel intention, determine the target travel resources required in the travel itinerary.

[0092] In some embodiments, step 102 may include: without adjusting the user's travel intention, directly based on the user's travel intention, determining the target tourism resources needed in the travel itinerary; step 102 may also include: directly adjusting the user's travel intention, and determining the target tourism resources needed in the travel itinerary based on the adjusted user's travel intention.

[0093] During the generation of a travel itinerary, the user's travel intention can be adjusted.

[0094] In some embodiments, step 102 includes: determining travel constraints based on the user's travel intention; and determining target travel resources required in the travel itinerary from various travel resources based on the travel constraints.

[0095] In other embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, step 102 includes:

[0096] Step 301, based on the user's travel intention, determine the user's travel preferences and travel constraints.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, step 301 may include: extracting keywords from the user's travel intention; determining the user's travel preference based on the keywords; and extracting travel constraints from the user's travel intention.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the user's travel preferences based on keywords may involve converting and annotating the keywords into structured data to obtain the user's travel preferences.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, the keyword may include at least one of a place, an activity, and food that the user is interested in.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, travel constraints may include date, number of people, price, etc.

[0101] Step 302: based on the tourism preferences and tourism constraints, determine the target tourism resources required in the tourism itinerary from various tourism resources.

[0102] Based on the user's travel intention, the user's travel preferences and travel constraints are determined. Based on the travel preferences and travel constraints, the target travel resources needed in the travel itinerary are determined from various travel resources. In the process of determining the target travel resources, both the user's travel preferences and travel constraints are taken into consideration, which can make the user's travel experience meet his expectations as much as possible, thereby improving user satisfaction and loyalty.

[0103] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, step 302 includes:

[0104] Step 401 , based on historical travel data, predict the demand for each travel resource corresponding to each sub-period in the user's planned travel period, and determine the available travel resources corresponding to each sub-period based on the demand.

[0105] In some embodiments, before step 401, the various tourism resources may be grouped, for example, by the type of tourism resource (transportation, accommodation, catering), the attribute of tourism resource (price, comfort, convenience) or the geographical location of tourism resource, which helps to manage and allocate tourism resources more effectively.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, the historical tourism data may be the demand for various tourism resources in a historical period of time counted on various websites.

[0107] For example, the user's planned travel period is 2024.10.01-2024.10.07, and the sub-periods are 2024.10.01-2024.10.02, 2024.10.03-2024.10.05, and 2024.10.06-2024.10.07. The historical tourism data is the demand for each tourism resource corresponding to each day from October 1st to October 7th of each year from 2019 to 2023. Based on the historical tourism data, the demand for each tourism resource corresponding to each sub-period is predicted. For example, it is predicted that the demand for tourism resource A from 2024.10.01 to 2024.10.02 is greater than the preset value, the demand for tourism resource A from 2024.10.03 to 2024.10.05 is less than the preset value, the demand for tourism resource A from 2024.10.06 to 2024.10.07 is greater than the preset value, the demand for tourism resource B from 2024.10.01 to 2024.10.02 is less than the preset value, the demand for tourism resource B from 2024.10.03 to 2024.10.05 is less than the preset value, the demand for tourism resource B from 2024.10.06 to 2024.10.07 is greater than the preset value, and the demand for tourism resource C from 2024.10.01 to 2024 The demand on 24.10.02 is greater than the preset value, the demand for tourism resource C from 2024.10.03 to 2024.10.05 is greater than the preset value, and the demand for tourism resource C from 2024.10.06 to 2024.10.07 is less than the preset value. The tourism resources corresponding to the sub-period whose demand is less than the preset value can be determined as the available tourism resources corresponding to the sub-period. The available tourism resources corresponding to 2024.10.01-2024.10.02 are tourism resources B, the available tourism resources corresponding to 2024.10.03-2024.10.05 are tourism resources A and tourism resources B, and the available tourism resources corresponding to 2024.10.06-2024.10.07 are tourism resources C.

[0108] Based on historical tourism data, the demand for each tourism resource corresponding to each sub-period in the user's planned travel period is predicted. It can predict the resource demand at different times and places, and determine the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period based on the demand, which can help plan in advance and ensure that there are enough resources available during peak hours.

[0109] Step 402: Determine the priority of the tourism resource combination corresponding to each tourism itinerary based on the tourism preference and the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-time period.

[0110] Different itinerary options can be prioritized with respect to user needs and resource constraints.

[0111] Step 403, based on the priority and the travel constraints, determine the target travel resources required in the travel itinerary.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, step 403 may include: determining the target tourist resources needed in the tourist itinerary according to a single tourist constraint and priority. For example, for the tourist resource combination corresponding to each tourist itinerary, a cost-effectiveness analysis is performed to determine its cost-effectiveness relative to the tourist resource combination corresponding to other tourist itineraries. Step 403 may also include: determining the target tourist resources needed in the tourist itinerary according to multiple tourist constraints and priorities. For example, using multi-objective optimization techniques to consider multiple objectives, such as cost, time, satisfaction, etc., can help find a compromise in meeting all objectives.

[0113] Comprehensive consideration is given to cost, efficiency and user needs, maintaining a balance between cost and efficiency while meeting user needs.

[0114] In other embodiments, step 302 includes: based on tourism preferences and tourism constraints, using a single parameter optimum as an optimization goal, and determining target tourism resources required in the tourism itinerary from various tourism resources.

[0115] For example, in trip planning, algorithms or heuristics are used to find the optimal itinerary, which can include minimizing travel costs, maximizing user satisfaction, or minimizing environmental impact.

[0116] In other embodiments, step 302 includes: identifying potential risk factors in itinerary planning; and determining target tourism resources required for the travel itinerary from various tourism resources based on the risk factors, tourism preferences, and tourism constraints.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the risk factors may be weather changes, traffic delays, etc. Based on the risk factors, travel preferences, and travel constraints, the target travel resources required for the travel itinerary are determined from various travel resources, which may include planning alternative itineraries for the risk factors, and may also include reminding the user for the risk factors.

[0118] Potential risk factors are fully considered during the itinerary generation process, which helps to improve the reliability of the itinerary and the user's sense of security.

[0119] The current itinerary planning scheme is to obtain travel time information, location information and route information and construct multiple travel itineraries based on this information. The completeness and accuracy of the information obtained are often difficult to guarantee. Inaccurate and incomplete information input will lead to an incomplete itinerary planning plan or even unusable itinerary planning plan.

[0120] In some embodiments, multi-source data fusion technology is used to integrate information from different sources (such as social media, weather forecasts, user feedback, etc.) to improve the completeness and accuracy of information. Partnerships are established with various service providers to share real-time data to ensure the latest transportation, accommodation and activity information. Machine learning and pattern recognition technology are used to mine useful information from historical data and predict future trends, thereby providing more accurate itinerary suggestions.

[0121] Current itinerary planning solutions cannot respond to the individual needs of travelers, and it is difficult to customize personalized plans.

[0122] In some embodiments, more personalized itinerary suggestions are provided by analyzing the user's travel history, preferences, and behavior patterns. The recommendation system is used to provide users with tailored travel products and services, including destination selection, activity arrangements, and dining recommendations. Enhanced personalized services.

[0123] Step 103: determine the target travel route based on the target travel resources.

[0124] In some embodiments, step 103 may include: determining the target tourism route directly based on the target tourism resources without adjusting the target tourism resources; step 103 may also include: directly adjusting the target tourism resources, and determining the target tourism route based on the adjusted target tourism resources.

[0125] The entire travel itinerary generation process is divided into multiple steps. If only the target travel resources need to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention. The target travel resources can be directly adjusted, and the target travel route can be determined based on the adjusted target travel resources. It can be seen that in the process of adjusting the travel itinerary, the above scheme only needs to reprocess some steps, and there is no need to reprocess the entire travel itinerary generation process, which can improve the flexibility of travel itinerary planning.

[0126] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, step 103 includes:

[0127] Step 501, based on the geographical locations of the target tourist resources, determine multiple tourist routes passing through the target tourist resources.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, a state space diagram of itinerary planning may be constructed based on the geographical locations of the target tourist resources, and the state space diagram shows the connection relationship between the target tourist resources in each tourist route.

[0129] Step 502, determining a target travel route from multiple travel routes.

[0130] Based on the geographical location of the target tourism resources, multiple tourist routes passing through each target tourism resource are determined, and the target tourism route is determined from the multiple tourist routes. In the process of determining the target tourism route, the geographical location of each target tourism resource is fully considered, which can make the determined target tourism route better meet the user's expectations, thereby improving user satisfaction.

[0131] In some embodiments, there are multiple ways to determine the target travel path from multiple travel paths, including but not limited to the following ways:

[0132] Method 1

[0133] Shortest path strategy. Find the shortest path from the starting point to the end point, usually based on distance or time. This can be achieved through algorithms such as Dijkstra's algorithm.

[0134] The shortest travel path among multiple travel paths is determined as the target travel path.

[0135] Method 2

[0136] Fastest path strategy. Find the fastest path, that is, the one that covers the longest distance in a given time. This usually involves considering factors such as traffic conditions and road capacity.

[0137] The fastest travel route among multiple travel routes is determined as the target travel route.

[0138] Method 3

[0139] Least cost path strategy. Find the path with the lowest total cost, including travel time, fuel consumption, tolls, etc. This can be achieved by minimizing the weighted total cost.

[0140] The tourist path with the lowest cost among multiple tourist paths is determined as the target tourist path.

[0141] Method 4

[0142] Multi-objective path strategy. Consider multiple objectives at the same time, such as time, cost, environmental impact, etc. This requires weighing and compromising different objectives to find the best balance.

[0143] Based on multiple objectives, a target travel route is determined from multiple travel routes, wherein the objectives include at least one of time, cost, and environmental impact.

[0144] Method 5

[0145] Personalized route strategy: Provide customized routes based on the specific needs and interests of users extracted from their travel intentions to meet their personalized needs.

[0146] Based on the user's travel intention, a target travel path is determined from multiple travel paths. For example, the order of the user's travel preferences can be obtained from the user's travel intention; based on the order of the user's travel preferences, multiple travel paths are sorted, and then the target travel path is determined from the multiple travel paths.

[0147] In other embodiments, step 103 includes: determining the travel sequence of each target tourism resource based on the target tourism resources and the user's travel preferences, and determining the target tourism route according to the travel sequence of each target tourism resource.

[0148] In the process of determining the target travel route, the user's travel preferences are fully considered and the user's personalized needs are met.

[0149] Step 104: Generate a target travel itinerary based on the target travel resources and the target travel route.

[0150] In some embodiments, step 104 may include: generating a target travel itinerary directly based on the target travel resources and the target travel path without adjusting the target travel path; step 104 may also include: directly adjusting the target travel path, and generating a target travel itinerary based on the adjusted target travel path and target travel resources.

[0151] The entire travel itinerary generation process is divided into multiple steps. If only the target travel path needs to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention or to redetermine the target travel resources. The target travel path can be adjusted directly, and then the target travel itinerary can be generated based on the adjusted target travel path and target travel resources. It can be seen that in the process of adjusting the travel itinerary, the above scheme only needs to reprocess some steps, and there is no need to reprocess the entire travel itinerary generation process, which can improve the flexibility of travel itinerary planning.

[0152] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, after step 104, the travel itinerary generation method further includes:

[0153] Step 601: Identify itinerary modification information fed back by the user.

[0154] In an exemplary embodiment, the itinerary modification information fed back by the user may include at least one of travel intention modification information, travel resource modification information, and travel route modification information.

[0155] In some embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, step 601 includes:

[0156] Step 701: Display the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface.

[0157] In an exemplary embodiment, an expandable itinerary template can be designed on the user interaction interface. After the target travel itinerary is generated, the target travel itinerary is displayed in the format of an itinerary template, allowing users to add or delete specific activities or locations according to their needs, thereby achieving a certain degree of customization.

[0158] Step 702: Obtain the user's modification operation on the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, the user's modification operation on the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface may be the user's deletion operation or addition operation on some options in the target travel itinerary.

[0160] Step 703: Identify itinerary modification information based on the modification operation.

[0161] Display the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface, obtain the user's modification operation on the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface, identify the itinerary modification information based on the modification operation, introduce the user interaction interface, and allow the user to modify it directly during the itinerary planning process, thereby increasing the intuitiveness and convenience of the operation and improving the flexibility of the solution.

[0162] In other embodiments, step 601 includes: obtaining feedback input by the user, and extracting itinerary modification information from the feedback. The feedback input by the user in the form of text or voice can be directly obtained, and the itinerary modification information can be extracted from the feedback.

[0163] In other embodiments, step 601 includes: through multiple rounds of interaction between the user and the big model, helping the user to clarify the itinerary modification information in multiple rounds of questions and answers. Taking into account the user experience, helping the user to clarify the goal, adjust the weight, and output the modified personalized itinerary in multiple rounds of questions and answers.

[0164] Step 602: Based on the itinerary modification information, the target travel itinerary is adjusted to obtain an adjusted travel itinerary.

[0165] Identify the itinerary modification information fed back by users, adjust the target travel itinerary based on the itinerary modification information, obtain the adjusted travel itinerary, and develop an algorithm based on dynamic programming, which allows certain elements to be adjusted during the itinerary planning process without regenerating the entire plan.

[0166] In some embodiments, when the itinerary modification information includes travel intention modification information, step 602 includes: adjusting the user's travel intention based on the travel intention modification information to obtain the adjusted user's travel intention; determining the adjusted target travel resources based on the adjusted user's travel intention; determining the adjusted target travel route based on the adjusted target travel resources; and generating an adjusted travel itinerary based on the adjusted target travel resources and the adjusted target travel route.

[0167] During the generation of a travel itinerary, the user's travel intention can be adjusted.

[0168] In some embodiments, when the itinerary modification information includes tourism resource modification information, step 602 includes: adjusting the target tourism resources based on the tourism resource modification information to obtain adjusted target tourism resources; determining an adjusted target tourism path based on the adjusted target tourism resources; and generating an adjusted tourism itinerary based on the adjusted target tourism resources and the adjusted target tourism path.

[0169] The entire travel itinerary generation process is divided into multiple steps. If only the target travel resources need to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention. The target travel resources can be directly adjusted, and the target travel route can be determined based on the adjusted target travel resources. It can be seen that in the process of adjusting the travel itinerary, the above scheme only needs to reprocess some steps, and there is no need to reprocess the entire travel itinerary generation process, which can improve the flexibility of travel itinerary planning.

[0170] In some embodiments, when the itinerary modification information includes travel route modification information, step 602 includes: adjusting the target travel route based on the travel route modification information to obtain an adjusted target travel route; generating an adjusted travel itinerary based on the target travel resources and the adjusted target travel route.

[0171] The entire travel itinerary generation process is divided into multiple steps. If only the target travel path needs to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention or to redetermine the target travel resources. The target travel path can be adjusted directly, and then the target travel itinerary can be generated based on the adjusted target travel path and target travel resources. It can be seen that in the process of adjusting the travel itinerary, the above scheme only needs to reprocess some steps, and there is no need to reprocess the entire travel itinerary generation process, which can improve the flexibility of travel itinerary planning.

[0172] In some embodiments, the travel itinerary generating method further includes: displaying the selection reason corresponding to the adjusted travel itinerary on the user interaction interface.

[0173] For example, attention technology (attention mechanism) can be used to show the decision focus and selection basis of the model, improving user credibility and satisfaction. Implement explanatory planning.

[0174] Of course, the reasons for selecting the target travel itinerary may also be displayed on the user interaction interface to improve user credibility and satisfaction.

[0175] In summary, in this application, the user's travel intention is obtained, and based on the user's travel intention, the target travel resources required in the travel itinerary are determined, based on the target travel resources, the target travel path is determined, and based on the target travel resources and the target travel path, the target travel itinerary is generated. The entire travel itinerary generation process is divided into multiple steps. If only the target travel resources need to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention. The target travel resources can be directly adjusted, and the target travel path can be determined based on the adjusted target travel resources; if only the target travel path needs to be adjusted, there is no need to re-acquire the user's travel intention, and there is no need to re-determine the target travel resources. The target travel path can be directly adjusted, and then the target travel itinerary is generated based on the adjusted target travel path and target travel resources. It can be seen that in the above scheme, in the process of adjusting the travel itinerary, only some steps can be reprocessed, and the entire travel itinerary generation process does not need to be reprocessed, which can improve the flexibility of travel itinerary planning.

[0176] Exemplary Devices

[0177] Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present application also provides a travel itinerary generating device, such as Figure 8 As shown, the travel itinerary generating device comprises:

[0178] An acquisition unit 801 is used to acquire the user's travel intention;

[0179] The resource determination unit 802 is used to determine the target tourism resources required in the travel itinerary based on the user's travel intention;

[0180] A path determination unit 803 is used to determine a target travel path based on target travel resources;

[0181] The generating unit 804 is used to generate a target travel itinerary based on the target travel resources and the target travel route.

[0182] Optionally, the resource determining unit 802 includes:

[0183] A first processing subunit is used to determine the user's travel preferences and travel constraints based on the user's travel intention;

[0184] The second processing subunit is used to determine the target tourism resources required in the tourism itinerary from various tourism resources based on the tourism preference and the tourism constraint condition.

[0185] Optionally, the second processing subunit is specifically configured to:

[0186] Based on historical travel data, predict the demand for each tourism resource corresponding to each sub-period in the user's planned travel period, and determine the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period based on the demand;

[0187] Determining the priority of the tourism resource combination corresponding to each tourism itinerary based on the tourism preference and the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period;

[0188] Based on the priority and the travel constraints, target travel resources required in the travel itinerary are determined.

[0189] Optionally, the path determination unit 803 is specifically configured to:

[0190] Based on the geographical locations of target tourism resources, multiple tourism routes passing through each target tourism resource are determined;

[0191] A target travel route is determined from the plurality of travel routes.

[0192] Optionally, the travel itinerary generating device further includes:

[0193] An identification unit, used to identify itinerary modification information fed back by the user;

[0194] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the target travel itinerary based on the itinerary modification information to obtain an adjusted travel itinerary.

[0195] Optionally, the identification unit is specifically used for:

[0196] Displaying the target travel itinerary on a user interaction interface;

[0197] Acquire a modification operation of the user on the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface;

[0198] Based on the modification operation, trip modification information is identified.

[0199] Optionally, the travel itinerary generating device further includes:

[0200] The display unit is used to display the selection reason corresponding to the adjusted travel itinerary on the user interaction interface.

[0201] Optionally, the acquiring unit 801 is specifically configured to:

[0202] Obtain multiple rounds of travel query dialogues between users and the big model;

[0203] The user's travel intention is identified from multiple rounds of travel query dialogues.

[0204] The travel itinerary generation device provided in this embodiment belongs to the same application concept as the travel itinerary generation method provided in the above embodiments of this application, and can execute the travel itinerary generation method provided in any of the above embodiments of this application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of executing the travel itinerary generation method. For technical details not fully described in this embodiment, please refer to the specific processing content of the travel itinerary generation method provided in the above embodiments of this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0205] The functions implemented by the above acquisition unit 801, resource determination unit 802, path determination unit 803 and generation unit 804 may be implemented by the same or different processors respectively, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0206] It should be understood that the units in the above devices can be implemented in the form of a processor calling software. For example, the device includes a processor, the processor is connected to a memory, and instructions are stored in the memory. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or realize the functions of each unit of the device, wherein the processor can be a general-purpose processor, such as a CPU or a microprocessor, etc., and the memory can be a memory in the device or a memory outside the device. Alternatively, the units in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits, and the functions of some or all units can be realized by designing the hardware circuits. The hardware circuit can be understood as one or more processors; for example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an ASIC, and the functions of some or all of the above units are realized by designing the logical relationship of the components in the circuit; for another example, in another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented by PLD, taking FPGA as an example, which can include a large number of logic gate circuits, and the connection relationship between the logic gate circuits is configured by the configuration file, so as to realize the functions of some or all of the above units. All units of the above devices can be implemented in the form of a processor calling software, or in the form of hardware circuits, or in part by a processor calling software, and the remaining part is implemented in the form of hardware circuits.

[0207] In an embodiment of the present application, a processor is a circuit with the ability to process signals. In one implementation, the processor may be a circuit with the ability to read and run instructions, such as a CPU, a microprocessor, a GPU, or a DSP; in another implementation, the processor may implement certain functions through the logical relationship of a hardware circuit, and the logical relationship of the hardware circuit is fixed or reconfigurable, such as a hardware circuit implemented by an ASIC or PLD, such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document to implement the hardware circuit configuration can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units. In addition, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as an NPU, TPU, DPU, etc.

[0208] It can be seen that each unit in the above device can be one or more processors (or processing circuits) configured to implement the above method, such as: CPU, GPU, NPU, TPU, DPU, microprocessor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or a combination of at least two of these processor forms.

[0209] In addition, all or part of the units in the above device can be integrated together, or can be implemented independently. In one implementation, these units are integrated together and implemented in the form of a SOC. The SOC may include at least one processor for implementing any of the above methods or implementing the functions of each unit of the device. The type of the at least one processor may be different, for example, including a CPU and an FPGA, a CPU and an artificial intelligence processor, a CPU and a GPU, etc.

[0210] Exemplary Electronic Devices

[0211] An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, see Fig. 9 As shown, the device includes:

[0212] Memory 200 and processor 210;

[0213] The memory 200 is connected to the processor 210 and is used to store programs;

[0214] The processor 210 is used to implement the travel itinerary generating method disclosed in any of the above embodiments by running the program stored in the memory 200.

[0215] Specifically, the electronic device may further include: a bus, a communication interface 220 , an input device 230 and an output device 240 .

[0216] The processor 210, the memory 200, the communication interface 220, the input device 230 and the output device 240 are connected to each other via a bus.

[0217] A bus may include a pathway that transfers information between components of a computer system.

[0218] The processor 210 may be a general-purpose processor, such as a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, etc., or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the scheme of the present invention. It may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.

[0219] The processor 210 may include a main processor, and may also include a baseband chip, a modem, and the like.

[0220] The memory 200 stores a program for executing the technical solution of the present invention, and may also store an operating system and other key services. Specifically, the program may include a program code, and the program code includes a computer operation instruction. More specifically, the memory 200 may include a read-only memory (ROM), other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM), other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, a disk storage, a flash, and the like.

[0221] The input device 230 may include a device for receiving data and information input by a user, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a scanner, a light pen, a voice input device, a touch screen, a pedometer, or a gravity sensor.

[0222] Output device 240 may include devices that allow information to be output to a user, such as a display screen, printer, speaker, etc.

[0223] The communication interface 220 may include any transceiver or the like to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, Radio Access Network (RAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), etc.

[0224] The processor 210 executes the program stored in the memory 200 and calls other devices, which can be used to implement each step of any travel itinerary generation method provided in the above embodiments of the present application.

[0225] Exemplary computer program products and storage media

[0226] In addition to the above-mentioned methods and devices, an embodiment of the present application may also be a computer program product, which includes computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, enable the processor to execute the steps of the travel itinerary generation method according to various embodiments of the present application described in any of the above embodiments of this specification.

[0227] The computer program product may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to write program codes for performing the operations of the embodiments of the present application, including object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages, such as "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, as an independent software package, partially on the user computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0228] In addition, the embodiment of the present application may also be a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. The computer program is executed by a processor to execute the steps of the travel itinerary generation method according to various embodiments of the present application described in any of the above embodiments of this specification, and specifically the following steps may be implemented:

[0229] Step 101, obtaining the user's travel intention.

[0230] Step 102, based on the user's travel intention, determine the target travel resources required in the travel itinerary.

[0231] Step 103: determine the target travel route based on the target travel resources.

[0232] Step 104: Generate a target travel itinerary based on the target travel resources and the target travel route.

[0233] For the aforementioned method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the present application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present application.

[0234] It should be noted that each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0235] The steps in the methods of each embodiment of the present application can be adjusted in order, combined and deleted according to actual needs, and the technical features recorded in each embodiment can be replaced or combined.

[0236] The modules and sub-modules in the devices and terminals in the various embodiments of the present application can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.

[0237] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed terminals, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the terminal embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of modules or submodules is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, for example, multiple submodules or modules can be combined or integrated into another module, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0238] The modules or submodules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components of the modules or submodules may or may not be physical modules or submodules, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network modules or submodules. Some or all of the modules or submodules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0239] In addition, each functional module or submodule in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module or submodule may exist physically separately, or two or more modules or submodules may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules or submodules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules or submodules.

[0240] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0241] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly by hardware, software units executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software units may be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0242] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0243] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for generating a travel itinerary, characterized in that: include: Obtain the user's travel intention; Based on the user's travel intention, determine the target tourism resources needed in the travel itinerary; Determine the target tourism route based on the target tourism resources; Generate a target travel itinerary based on target tourism resources and target tourism routes.

2. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the target tourism resources required in the travel itinerary based on the user's travel intention includes: Determine the user's travel preferences and travel constraints based on the user's travel intention; Based on the tourism preference and the tourism constraint condition, target tourism resources required in the tourism itinerary are determined from various tourism resources.

3. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining target tourism resources required for a tourism itinerary from various tourism resources based on the tourism preference and the tourism constraint condition includes: Based on historical travel data, predict the demand for each tourism resource corresponding to each sub-period in the user's planned travel period, and determine the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period based on the demand; Determining the priority of the tourism resource combination corresponding to each tourism itinerary based on the tourism preference and the available tourism resources corresponding to each sub-period; Based on the priority and the travel constraints, target travel resources required in the travel itinerary are determined.

4. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the target travel route based on the target travel resources includes: Based on the geographical locations of target tourism resources, multiple tourism routes passing through each target tourism resource are determined; A target travel route is determined from the plurality of travel routes.

5. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 1, characterized in that: After generating the target travel itinerary based on the target travel resources and the target travel route, the method further includes: Identify itinerary modification information reported by users; Based on the itinerary modification information, the target travel itinerary is adjusted to obtain an adjusted travel itinerary.

6. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 5, characterized in that: The identifying the itinerary modification information fed back by the user includes: Displaying the target travel itinerary on a user interaction interface; Acquire a modification operation of the user on the target travel itinerary on the user interaction interface; Based on the modification operation, trip modification information is identified.

7. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method further comprises: On the user interaction interface, the selection reason corresponding to the adjusted travel itinerary is displayed.

8. The method for generating a travel itinerary according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the user's travel intention includes: Obtain multiple rounds of travel query dialogues between users and the big model; The user's travel intention is identified from multiple rounds of travel query dialogues.

9. A travel itinerary generating device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition unit, used to acquire the user's travel intention; A resource determination unit, used to determine target tourism resources required in a travel itinerary based on the user's travel intention; A route determination unit, used for determining a target travel route based on target travel resources; The generating unit is used to generate a target tourism itinerary based on the target tourism resources and the target tourism route.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: including memory and processor; The memory is connected to the processor and is used to store programs; The processor is used to implement the travel itinerary generation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 by running the program in the memory.

11. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for generating a travel itinerary as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, enable the processor to execute the travel itinerary generating method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.