Photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, which comprises the following steps: an unmanned aerial vehicle acquires a topographic image of an area to be arranged, determines an arrangement area according to the exposure rate of the topographic image, and sets a photovoltaic panel initial array; determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel of the initial array, and removing the photovoltaic panels with the conversion rate lower than the preset standard conversion rate as a screening array; the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panels is determined according to the incident angle of sunlight, the position of each photovoltaic panel of the screening array is adjusted at the non-influencing distance, a photovoltaic panel target array is formed, the actual shielding area of each photovoltaic panel is detected and compared with the target shielding area, the cleaning device is started, and the actual shielding area is smaller than the target shielding area; and determining the output power change difference value of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning, and determining whether to maintain the photovoltaic panel according to the standard difference value. According to the method, the optimal terrain is selected to be maximized, the photovoltaic panel is integrally selected and arranged, and the performance of the whole photovoltaic power generation system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for renewable energy increases, photovoltaic panels, as an important part of renewable energy, are expected to maintain steady growth in the market demand for photovoltaic power stations in the next few years. The impact and prospects of renewable energy are of great significance.

[0003] A patent document with Chinese patent application publication number CN117951874A discloses a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic panels in complex terrain. The method includes: determining terrain information of a destination to be constructed, and forming a terrain map of the destination to be constructed based on the terrain information; determining the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel, the spacing of the grating, and the angle of light incidence; dividing the terrain map into N terrain cross-sectional maps at preset intervals, where N is a positive integer, and projecting the light through the grating onto the terrain cross-sectional map based on the spacing of the grating and the angle of light incidence to form a grating projection map; determining the projection in the grating projection map so that the spacing between the photovoltaic panels matches the spacing of the grating projection to determine the layout of the photovoltaic panels on the terrain cross-sectional map, and optimizing the height of the bracket according to the photovoltaic panels at different positions, the terrain height difference, and the orientation.

[0004] The prior art layout of photovoltaic panels in complex terrain maximizes the use of photovoltaic panels by selecting the best terrain, but does not make reasonable choices and arrangements for the photovoltaic panels as a whole, thus affecting the performance of the entire photovoltaic power generation system. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a method for arranging photovoltaic panels based on image acquisition, which arranges the placement of photovoltaic panels by analyzing the mountainous terrain through image acquisition, and maintains the continuous operation of the entire system by cleaning and inspecting each photovoltaic panel, so as to maximize the utilization of photovoltaic panels in the best terrain while reasonably arranging the photovoltaic panels as a whole, thereby improving the performance of the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, comprising:

[0007] Use drones to collect terrain images of the area to be deployed;

[0008] Determine a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, and set an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area;

[0009] Determine the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, and determine the target photovoltaic panel array according to the light energy conversion rate;

[0010] Detecting the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array, and comparing the actual shielding area with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result, and making the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area;

[0011] The output power variation difference of the target array of photovoltaic panels before and after cleaning is determined, and whether to repair the photovoltaic panels is determined according to the output power variation difference and the standard deviation.

[0012] Furthermore, the steps of determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area include:

[0013] Determining identification information of contour lines in the terrain image, and determining a hillside area in the terrain image using the identification information;

[0014] Determining a deployment area according to an exposure rate in the hillside area;

[0015] Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the arrangement area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels.

[0016] The step of further determining the layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image includes:

[0017] The terrain image is divided into equal areas, the brightness value of each minimum unit area is determined, and adjacent units with the same brightness value are aggregated to form a number of equal brightness area blocks;

[0018] The equal brightness area block with the largest brightness value is extracted, and the actual area of ​​the equal brightness area block is determined as the layout area.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of determining the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array includes:

[0020] The solar power received by each photovoltaic panel is calculated as P0=S0×G, where G is the solar radiation intensity, which refers to the energy of solar radiation received per unit area per unit time; S0 is the standard area of ​​each photovoltaic panel;

[0021] Calculate the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel Where P i Represents the output power of the i-th photovoltaic panel, where i is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0022] Further, the step of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight includes:

[0023] According to the GPS positioning function equipped by the drone, the latitude of the deployment area is obtained;

[0024] When the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest. The installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle.

[0025] The steps of further determining the mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array include:

[0026] Record the incident angle of sunlight hitting the photovoltaic panel;

[0027] According to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, the projection length of the shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction of the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground is calculated, and the non-interfering distance is set according to the projection length.

[0028] The installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is made greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a photovoltaic panel target array.

[0029] Furthermore, the step of starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result includes:

[0030] Detecting the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface according to image recognition technology to determine whether the actual shielding area reaches the target shielding area;

[0031] If the actual shielding area is larger than the target shielding area, a robotic arm with a soft brush is used to perform dry cleaning so that the actual shielding area is smaller than the target shielding area.

[0032] Further, the step of determining the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning includes:

[0033] The power output of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning was recorded as P1 and P2;

[0034] Output power change difference = P2-P1.

[0035] The step of further determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel according to the output power variation difference and the standard deviation includes:

[0036] When the output power variation difference is less than the standard deviation, the photovoltaic panel is inspected according to infrared thermal imaging to identify whether there is an abnormal area;

[0037] If there is an abnormal area, maintenance processing is performed on the position of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the position information according to the positioning position information of the abnormal area.

[0038] The step of further collecting a terrain image of the area to be arranged according to the drone includes:

[0039] Generate a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the laser radar of the drone, and use an infrared sensor to detect data of vegetation or ground temperature, and store the terrain contour determined based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the data;

[0040] The terrain contour and the data are fused to generate a terrain image.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that, by collecting terrain images of the area to be arranged through an unmanned aerial vehicle, the mountainous terrain is accurately captured, the arrangement area is determined according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, so that the maximum light energy utilization is obtained in the arrangement area, and an initial array of photovoltaic panels is set in the arrangement area, and the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels is determined, the light energy conversion rate is compared with the preset standard conversion rate, and the photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion rates less than the preset standard conversion rate are removed from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, and the remaining photovoltaic panels are used as a screening array, and the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array is determined according to the incident angle of sunlight, and the mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle is determined, and the screening array is adjusted based on the mutual non-influence distance. The position of each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array is determined to form a photovoltaic panel target array, and the photovoltaic panel array is optimized to improve the overall light energy conversion rate; the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array is detected, and the actual shielding area is compared with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and a cleaning device is started for cleaning according to the comparison result, and the actual shielding area is made smaller than the target shielding area, thereby reducing the performance degradation caused by shielding and improving the reliability of the system. The automated cleaning device reduces the need for manual cleaning, thereby reducing maintenance costs; the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning is determined to ensure that the photovoltaic panel reaches the expected performance level after cleaning, and the photovoltaic panel with performance degradation is discovered and repaired in time to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0042] In particular, a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model is generated through the drone's lidar to improve the quality and accuracy of image acquisition. The drone's infrared sensor detects vegetation or ground temperature data to provide data information for the subsequent generation of terrain images. The terrain contour and the data information are fused to generate a comprehensive terrain image, which helps to accurately and deeply analyze the terrain image.

[0043] In particular, based on the identification information of the contour lines in the terrain image, an intuitive visual effect of terrain height changes is provided, which is helpful for analyzing the undulations and slopes of the terrain, and the layout area is determined according to the exposure rate in the hillside area, so as to maximize the use of sunlight and improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the layout area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. By rationally arranging the photovoltaic panels, more photovoltaic panels can be installed in a limited space, thereby improving space utilization.

[0044] In particular, by determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, comparing the light energy conversion rate with the preset standard conversion rate, removing the photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion rates less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, and using the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array, the overall efficiency of the system is improved, the maintenance and cleaning requirements for inefficient photovoltaic panels are reduced, and maintenance costs are reduced.

[0045] In particular, by obtaining the latitude of the layout area; when the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the layout area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the layout area is the largest, and the installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel. By optimizing the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel, the energy loss caused by improper angle is reduced, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle. By adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the optimal angle, the reception of direct sunlight is maximized, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0046] In particular, by recording the incident angle of sunlight irradiating the photovoltaic panel, the projection length of the projected shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground is calculated according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the mutual non-influence distance is set according to the projection length, so that the installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a target array of photovoltaic panels. By reasonably calculating and setting the distance between photovoltaic panels, it is possible to avoid mutual shadows blocking each other, ensuring that each photovoltaic panel can receive sunlight to the maximum extent, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0047] In particular, by determining the output power change difference of the target array of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning, the cleaning effect is intuitively reflected, providing data support for subsequent photovoltaic panel inspection, and determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation, thereby ensuring the regular maintenance of the photovoltaic panel and saving manpower inspection costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a process of collecting terrain images of a to-be-arranged area by a drone in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a process for setting an initial array layout area of ​​a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic panel layout method based on image acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a process of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in a screening array in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a process of adjusting and screening the position of each photovoltaic panel in an array to form a target photovoltaic panel array in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a process of starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to a comparison result in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a process of judging whether a photovoltaic panel needs to be repaired according to a difference in photovoltaic panel power output before and after cleaning in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0059] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0060] See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, the system comprising:

[0061] Step S100, using a drone to collect a terrain image of the area to be deployed;

[0062] Step S200, determining a layout area according to the sunlight utilization efficiency in the terrain image, and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area;

[0063] Step S300, determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, comparing the light energy conversion rate with a preset standard conversion rate, removing the photovoltaic panels whose light energy conversion rate is less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial photovoltaic panel array, and using the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array;

[0064] Step S400, determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight;

[0065] Step S500, determining a mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array;

[0066] Step S600, detecting the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array, and comparing the actual shielding area with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result, and making the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area;

[0067] Step S700, determining the output power change difference of the target array of photovoltaic panels before and after cleaning, and determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panels according to the output power change difference and the standard deviation.

[0068] Specifically, in the process of deploying photovoltaic panels, the embodiment of the present invention successively implements efficient screening and deployment of the photovoltaic panel target array through the photovoltaic panel initial array, screening array and photovoltaic panel target array, and completes the effective integration of photovoltaic panels with the light environment and geographical location, so that the light energy utilization efficiency at different locations can be significantly improved, thereby improving the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel installation and improving the light energy utilization efficiency.

[0069] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention collects terrain images of the area to be arranged by using a drone to accurately capture the mountainous terrain, determines the arrangement area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, so as to obtain maximum light energy utilization in the arrangement area, and sets an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the arrangement area, determines the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, compares the light energy conversion rate with a preset standard conversion rate, removes photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion rates less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, uses the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array, and determines the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight, determines the mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusts the distance of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-influence distance. The positions of the photovoltaic panels are determined to form a target array of photovoltaic panels, and the photovoltaic panel array is optimized to improve the overall light energy conversion rate; the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the target array of photovoltaic panels is detected, and the actual shielding area is compared with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and a cleaning device is started for cleaning according to the comparison result, and the actual shielding area is made smaller than the target shielding area, thereby reducing the performance degradation caused by shielding and improving the reliability of the system. The automated cleaning device reduces the need for manual cleaning, thereby reducing maintenance costs; the output power change difference of the target array of photovoltaic panels before and after cleaning is determined to ensure that the photovoltaic panels reach the expected performance level after cleaning, and the photovoltaic panels with performance degradation are discovered and repaired in time to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0070] See also Figure 2 As shown, the step of collecting the terrain image of the area to be arranged by the drone includes:

[0071] Step S110, generating a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the laser radar of the drone, and using an infrared sensor to detect data of vegetation or ground temperature, and storing the terrain contour determined according to the three-dimensional terrain model and the data;

[0072] Step S120: fusing the terrain contour and the data to generate a terrain image.

[0073] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention generates a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the laser radar of the drone and data of vegetation or ground temperature detected by the infrared sensor, stores the terrain contour determined according to the three-dimensional terrain model and the data, and then fuses the terrain contour and the data to generate a terrain image.

[0074] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention generates a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model through the lidar of the drone, improves the quality and accuracy of image acquisition, detects vegetation or ground temperature data through the infrared sensor of the drone, provides data information for the subsequent generation of terrain images, and fuses the terrain contour and the data information to generate a comprehensive terrain image, which helps to accurately and deeply analyze the terrain image.

[0075] See also Figure 3 As shown, the steps of determining the layout area according to the sunlight utilization efficiency in the terrain image and setting the initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area include:

[0076] Step S210, determining identification information of contour lines in the terrain image, and using the identification information to determine a hillside area in the terrain image;

[0077] Step S220, determining a deployment area according to the exposure rate in the hillside area;

[0078] Step S230: sequentially arrange photovoltaic panels in the arrangement area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. The area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is 1.6 m 2 .

[0079] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention determines the deployment area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image. The terrain image is divided into equal areas, the brightness value of each minimum unit area is determined, and adjacent units with the same brightness value are aggregated to form a number of equal brightness area blocks; the equal brightness area block with the largest brightness value is extracted, and the actual area of ​​the equal brightness area block is determined as the deployment area.

[0080] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention determines the layout area and sequentially layouts the photovoltaic panels according to the identification information of the contour lines in the terrain image and the exposure rate in the hillside area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. The area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is 1.6m 2 .

[0081] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention provides an intuitive visual effect of terrain height changes based on the identification information of the contour lines in the terrain image, which helps to analyze the undulations and slope of the terrain, and determines the layout area according to the exposure rate in the hillside area, so as to maximize the use of sunlight and improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the layout area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. By rationally arranging the photovoltaic panels, more photovoltaic panels can be installed in a limited space, thereby improving space utilization.

[0082] See also Figure 4 As shown, determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, the step of determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels includes:

[0083] Step S310, calculating the solar power received by each photovoltaic panel as P0=S0×G, where G is the solar radiation intensity, which refers to the energy of solar radiation received per unit area per unit time; S0 is the standard area of ​​each photovoltaic panel;

[0084] Step S320, calculating the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel Where P i Represents the actual output power of the i-th photovoltaic panel, where i is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0085] Specifically, the photovoltaic panel of the embodiment of the present invention is adjusted to an optimal angle according to the incident angle of sunlight, and the light energy conversion efficiency is compared with the standard conversion efficiency of 10%. When the light energy conversion efficiency is lower than the standard conversion efficiency of 10%, the corresponding photovoltaic panel is removed from the initial photovoltaic panel array to form the target photovoltaic panel array. Assume that the actual output power P of a photovoltaic panel is i 150W, area S0 is 1.6m 2 , the solar radiation intensity G is 1000W / m 2 .

[0086] Received solar power: P0 = S0 × G = 1.6m 2 ×1000W / m 2 =1600W

[0087] Light energy conversion rate:

[0088] The light energy conversion efficiency of 9.375% is less than the standard conversion efficiency of 10%, so this photovoltaic panel is removed.

[0089] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention determines the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, compares the light energy conversion rate with a preset standard conversion rate, removes the photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion rates less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, and uses the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the system and reducing the maintenance and cleaning requirements for inefficient photovoltaic panels, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0090] See also Figure 5 As shown, the step of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight includes:

[0091] Step S410, obtaining the latitude of the deployment area according to the GPS positioning function equipped by the drone;

[0092] Step S420, when the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest, the installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle.

[0093] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention obtains the latitude of the deployment area according to the GPS positioning function equipped by the drone; when the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest, and the installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel. By optimizing the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel, the energy loss caused by improper angle is reduced, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle. By adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the optimal angle, the reception of direct sunlight is maximized, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0094] See also Figure 6 As shown, the steps of determining the projection length of any photovoltaic panel at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the projection length to form a target photovoltaic panel array include:

[0095] Step S510, recording the incident angle of sunlight irradiating the photovoltaic panel;

[0096] Step S520, calculating the projection length of the shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction of the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and setting the non-influence distance according to the projection length;

[0097] Step S530 , making the installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array greater than the non-interference distance, so as to form a target photovoltaic panel array.

[0098] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention records the incident angle θ of sunlight irradiating the photovoltaic panel, assumes the width of the photovoltaic panel is w, calculates the projection length d=wtanθ of the projected shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and sets the non-influence distance L according to the projection length, wherein L=d; when the installation position distance of any adjacent photovoltaic panels in the screening array is greater than the non-influence distance L, a target array of photovoltaic panels is formed.

[0099] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention records the incident angle of sunlight irradiating the photovoltaic panel, calculates the projection length of the projected shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and sets the mutual non-influence distance according to the projection length, so that the installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a target array of photovoltaic panels. By reasonably calculating and setting the distance between photovoltaic panels, it is possible to avoid shadows blocking each other, ensuring that each photovoltaic panel can receive sunlight to the maximum extent, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0100] See also Figure 7 As shown, the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array is detected, and the actual shielding area is compared with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and a cleaning device is started to clean according to the comparison result, and the actual shielding area is made smaller than the target shielding area;

[0101] Step S610, detecting the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface according to image recognition technology to determine whether the actual shielding area reaches the target shielding area;

[0102] Step S620: If the actual shielding area is larger than the target shielding area, a robot arm with a soft brush is used to perform dry cleaning so that the actual shielding area is smaller than the target shielding area.

[0103] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention detects the actual shading area on the surface of the photovoltaic panel according to the image recognition technology, and compares it with the target shading area of ​​5%. When the actual shading area is larger than the target shading area of ​​5%, a robotic arm with a soft brush is used to perform dry cleaning so that the actual shading area is smaller than the target shading area.

[0104] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention uses image recognition technology to detect the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface in real time, promptly discover and deal with pollution problems, and reduce the impact on power generation efficiency. According to the actual shielding area being larger than the target shielding area, the cleaning system is activated, and a mechanical arm with a soft brush is used to complete dry cleaning, avoiding the use of water and chemical cleaning agents, reducing the impact on the environment, and also reducing the damage that may be caused to the photovoltaic panel during the cleaning process.

[0105] See also Figure 8 As shown, the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning is determined, and whether to repair the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation.

[0106] Step S710, recording the photovoltaic panel power output before and after cleaning as P1 and P2;

[0107] Step S720: output power change difference = P2 - P1.

[0108] Specifically, according to the embodiment of the present invention, if the output power change difference of the target array of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning is less than the standard deviation of 10W, the photovoltaic panel is repaired, for example, the output power change value of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning = P2-P1 = 4.8W. At this time, the output power change difference before and after cleaning is 4.8W<10W, and the photovoltaic panel is detected according to infrared thermal imaging to identify whether there is an abnormal area. If there is an abnormal area, the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the position information is repaired according to the location information of the abnormal area.

[0109] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention intuitively reflects the cleaning effect by determining the output power change difference of the target array of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning, provides data support for subsequent photovoltaic panel inspection, and determines whether to repair the photovoltaic panel based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation, thereby ensuring the regular maintenance of the photovoltaic panel and saving manpower inspection costs.

[0110] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0111] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention has various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, characterized in that: include: Use drones to collect terrain images of the area to be deployed; Determine a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, and set an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area; Determine the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, compare the light energy conversion rate with a preset standard conversion rate, remove the photovoltaic panels whose light energy conversion rate is less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial photovoltaic panel array, and use the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array; Determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight; Determine a mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjust the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array; Detecting the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array, and comparing the actual shielding area with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result, and making the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area; The output power variation difference of the target array of photovoltaic panels before and after cleaning is determined, and whether to repair the photovoltaic panels is determined according to the output power variation difference and the standard deviation.

2. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area include: Determining identification information of contour lines in the terrain image, and determining a hillside area in the terrain image using the identification information; Determining a deployment area according to an exposure rate in the hillside area; Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the arrangement area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels.

3. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image comprises: The terrain image is divided into equal areas, the brightness value of each minimum unit area is determined, and adjacent units with the same brightness value are aggregated to form a number of equal brightness area blocks; The equal brightness area block with the largest brightness value is extracted, and the actual area of ​​the equal brightness area block is determined as the layout area.

4. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of determining the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels comprises: The solar power received by each photovoltaic panel is calculated as P0=S0×G, where G is the solar radiation intensity, which refers to the energy of solar radiation received per unit area per unit time; S0 is the standard area of ​​each photovoltaic panel; Calculate the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel Where P i Represents the output power of the i-th photovoltaic panel, where i is a positive integer greater than 0.

5. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight includes: According to the GPS positioning function equipped by the drone, the latitude of the deployment area is obtained; When the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest. The installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle.

6. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of determining the mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array include: Record the incident angle of sunlight hitting the photovoltaic panel; Calculate the projection length of the shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction of the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and set the non-influence distance according to the projection length; The installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is made greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a photovoltaic panel target array.

7. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of starting the cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result comprises: Detecting the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface according to image recognition technology to determine whether the actual shielding area reaches the target shielding area; If the actual shielding area is larger than the target shielding area, a robotic arm with a soft brush is used to perform dry cleaning so that the actual shielding area is smaller than the target shielding area.

8. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of determining the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning comprises: The power output of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning was recorded as P1 and P2; Output power change difference = P2-P1.

9. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel according to the output power variation difference and the standard deviation includes: When the output power variation difference is less than the standard deviation, the photovoltaic panel is inspected according to infrared thermal imaging to identify whether there is an abnormal area; If there is an abnormal area, maintenance processing is performed on the position of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the position information according to the positioning position information of the abnormal area.

10. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of collecting the terrain image of the area to be arranged by the drone includes: Generate a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the laser radar of the drone, and use an infrared sensor to detect data of vegetation or ground temperature, and store the terrain contour determined based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the data; The terrain contour and the data are fused to generate a terrain image.

Images