Method and apparatus for low power operation in wireless LAN supporting multiple links

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for low power operation in a wireless LAN supporting multiple links are disclosed. The method of a first device comprises the steps of: a first STA associated with the first device performing communication with a first AP on a first link; a second STA associated with the first device performs a power reduction operation on the second link during a period of performing communication on the first link; and after the communication on the first link has been completed, the second STA operates in a wake-up state on the second link without performing a power reduction operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wireless local area network (LAN) communication technology, and more particularly, to a technology for low-power communication in a wireless local area network supporting multiple links. Background Art

[0002] Recently, with the popularity of mobile devices, wireless local area network technology that can provide fast wireless communication services to mobile devices has become a focus. Wireless local area network technology can be a technology that supports mobile devices (e.g., smart phones, smart tablets, laptops, portable multimedia players, embedded devices, etc.) to access the Internet in a wireless manner based on wireless communication technology.

[0003] The standards using wireless LAN technology are mainly developed as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard. As the above wireless LAN technology has been developed and widely adopted, applications using wireless LAN technology have been diversified, and there has been a demand for wireless LAN technology supporting higher throughput.

[0004] With the emergence of applications that require higher throughput and applications that require real-time transmission, the IEEE 802.11be standard is being developed, which is an extreme high throughput (EHT) wireless LAN technology. The goal of the IEEE 802.11be standard may be to support a high throughput of 30 Gbps. The IEEE 802.11be standard may support technologies for reducing transmission delays. In addition, the IEEE 802.11be standard may support a more extended frequency bandwidth (e.g., 320 MHz bandwidth), multi-link transmission and aggregation operations including multi-band operations, multi-access point (AP) transmission operations, and / or efficient retransmission operations (e.g., hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) operations).

[0005] However, since the multi-link operation is not defined in the existing wireless LAN standards, detailed operations may need to be defined according to the environment in which the multi-link operation is performed. For example, the feasibility of simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) operations on multiple links may vary depending on the channel conditions of the multiple links and / or the performance of the communication nodes (e.g., AP, station (STA), multi-link device (MLD)). A power saving method may be required to improve the power efficiency of non-STR (NSTR) devices.

[0006] On the other hand, the technical writing in the background art of the present invention is to enhance the understanding of the background art of the present invention and may include contents unknown to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Summary of the invention

[0007] Technical issues

[0008] The present invention is directed to providing a method and apparatus for low power operation of a device in a wireless local area network supporting multiple links.

[0009] Technical Solution

[0010] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for a first device to achieve the above-mentioned purpose may include: enabling a first station (STA) associated with the first device to communicate with a first access point (AP) on a first link; enabling a second STA associated with the first device to perform power saving operations on a second link during a period of performing communication on the first link; and after completing communication on the first link, enabling the second STA to operate in an awake state instead of a power saving operation on the second link, wherein the first device is a device having a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) link pair, and the NSTR link pair is a pair of a first link and a second link.

[0011] The period during which communication is performed may correspond to the length of a frame transmitted by the first STA.

[0012] The period during which communication is performed may correspond to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) configured for communication.

[0013] The period in which communication is performed may correspond to "a transmission / reception period of a frame for configuring TXOP for communication+TXOP".

[0014] The power saving operation on the second link may be performed during "a period in which communication is performed on the first link + an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) switching delay".

[0015] The EMLSR switching delay may be a time required for a frame transmission / reception process in a snooping operation according to the EMLSR, or a time required for switching to a snooping operation after the frame transmission / reception process is completed.

[0016] The method may further include: before performing communication on the first link, sending a frame including power saving configuration information to the first AP on the first link so that the first STA configures a power saving operation; and receiving a reception response frame to the frame from the first AP.

[0017] The frame may be an action frame, a data frame, an association request frame, or a frame according to a multilink establishment process.

[0018] The power saving configuration information may include at least one of an indicator indicating whether to perform a power saving operation, a bitmap indicating a link to perform a power saving operation, or a mode of a power saving operation, and a period for performing the power saving operation may vary according to the mode.

[0019] The method may further include: enabling the first STA to send a frame including disabling information of the power saving operation to the first AP on the first link; and receiving a reception response frame for the frame from the first AP, wherein the power saving operation is disabled by the disabling information, and when the power saving operation is disabled, the first device does not perform the power saving operation.

[0020] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a first device for achieving the above-mentioned purpose may include: at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor enables the first device to execute: enabling a first station (STA) associated with the first device to communicate with a first access point (AP) on a first link; enabling a second STA associated with the first device to perform power saving operations on a second link during a period of communication on the first link; and enabling the second STA to operate in an awake state instead of a power saving operation on the second link after completing the communication on the first link, wherein the first device is a device having a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) link pair, and the NSTR link pair is a pair of a first link and a second link.

[0021] The period during which communication is performed may correspond to the length of a frame transmitted by the first STA.

[0022] The period during which communication is performed may correspond to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) configured for communication.

[0023] The period in which communication is performed may correspond to "a transmission / reception period of a frame for configuring TXOP for communication+TXOP".

[0024] The power saving operation on the second link may be performed during "a period in which communication is performed on the first link + an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) switching delay".

[0025] The at least one processor may further cause the first device to execute: before performing communication on the first link, sending a frame including power saving configuration information to the first AP on the first link so that the first STA configures power saving operation; and receiving a reception response frame for the frame from the first AP.

[0026] The frame may be an action frame, a data frame, an association request frame, or a frame according to a multilink establishment process.

[0027] The power saving configuration information may include at least one of an indicator indicating whether to perform a power saving operation, a bitmap indicating a link to perform a power saving operation, or a mode of a power saving operation, and a period for performing the power saving operation may vary according to the mode.

[0028] At least one processor may further cause the first device to execute: enabling the first STA to send a frame including disabling information of power saving operation to the first AP on the first link; and receiving a reception response frame for the frame from the first AP, wherein the power saving operation is disabled by the disabling information, and when the power saving operation is disabled, the first device does not perform the power saving operation.

[0029] Beneficial Effects

[0030] According to the present invention, a device (e.g., STA, AP, MLD) can perform STR operations on multiple links. Depending on the channel conditions and / or device status, STR operations can be performed on multiple links. The STA can send information indicating the feasibility of the STR operation, information about the modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and / or information about the number of spatial streams (NSS) to the AP. Based on the information received from the STA, the AP can dynamically reconfigure the multi-link information. In other words, a reconfiguration process for multi-link information can be performed between the AP and the STA. Through the above method, communication on multiple links can be smoothly performed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of a communication node constituting a wireless LAN system.

[0032] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of multi-links configured between multi-link devices (MLDs).

[0033] Figure 3a is a timing diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0034] Figure 3b is a timing diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0035] Figure 3c is a timing diagram illustrating a third exemplary embodiment of power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0036] Figure 4a is a timing diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device.

[0037] Figure 4b is a timing diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device.

[0038] Figure 5a is a timing diagram illustrating a third exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device.

[0039] Figure 5b is a timing diagram illustrating a fourth exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device.

[0040] Figure 6a is a timing diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0041] Figure 6b is a timing diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0042] Figure 6c is a timing diagram illustrating a third exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring power saving operation of an NSTR device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Since the present invention can be variously modified and has several forms, specific exemplary embodiments will be shown in the attached drawings and described in detail in the specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific exemplary embodiments, on the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover all modifications and alternative forms falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0044] Relational terms such as first, second, etc. can be used to describe various elements, but these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component can be named as the second component, and the second component can also be similarly named as the first component. The term "and / or" means any one or a combination of multiple related and described matters.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, "at least one of A and B" may mean "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of a combination of one or more of A and B". In addition, "one or more of A and B" may mean "one or more of A or B" or "one or more of a combination of one or more of A and B".

[0046] When it is mentioned that a certain component is "coupled" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that the certain component is directly "coupled" or "connected" to the other component, or other components may be arranged between them. On the contrary, when it is mentioned that a certain component is "directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that no other components are arranged between them.

[0047] The terms used in the present invention are only used to describe specific exemplary embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present invention, terms such as "including" or "having" are intended to indicate the presence of features, values, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but it should be understood that these terms do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more features, values, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by ordinary technicians in the field to which the present invention belongs. Terms that are commonly used and have appeared in dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings that match the contextual meanings in the field. In this specification, unless explicitly defined, terms are not necessarily interpreted as having formal meanings.

[0049] Hereinafter, the form of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In describing the present invention, in order to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the present invention, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout the description of the drawings, and their repeated description will be omitted.

[0050] Hereinafter, a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described. The wireless communication system according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the content described below, and can be applied to various wireless communication networks according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication system can be referred to as a "wireless communication network".

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, "configuration of an operation (e.g., a transmission operation)" may mean signaling "configuration information (e.g., information element, parameter) of an operation" and / or "information indicating execution of an operation". "Configuration of an information element (e.g., parameter)" may mean signaling an information element. "Configuration of a resource (e.g., a resource region)" may mean signaling setting information of a resource.

[0052] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of a communication node constituting a wireless LAN system.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the communication node 100 may be an access point, a station, an access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), or a non-AP MLD. An access point may be referred to as an "AP", and a station may be referred to as a "STA" or a "non-AP STA". The operating channel width supported by the AP may be 20 megahertz (MHz), 80 MHz, 160 MHz, etc. The operating channel width supported by the STA may be 20 MHz, 80 MHz, etc.

[0054] The communication node 100 may include at least one processor 110, a memory 120, and a transceiver 130 connected to a network to perform communication. The transceiver 130 may be referred to as a transceiver, a radio frequency (RF) unit, an RF module, etc. In addition, the communication node 100 may further include an input interface device 140, an output interface device 150, a storage device 160, etc. The various components included in the communication node 100 may be connected to communicate with each other through a bus 170.

[0055] However, the respective components included in the communication node 100 may be connected through a separate interface or a separate bus centered around the processor 110 instead of the common bus 170. For example, the processor 110 may be connected to at least one of the memory 120, the transceiver 130, the input interface device 140, the output interface device 150, and the storage device 160 through a dedicated interface.

[0056] The processor 110 may execute program instructions stored in at least one of the memory 120 and the storage device 160. The processor 110 may refer to a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor that executes a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Each of the memory 120 and the storage device 160 may be configured as at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory 120 may be configured with at least one of a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).

[0057] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of multi-links configured between multi-link devices (MLDs).

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the MLD may have a media access control (MAC) address. In an exemplary embodiment, the MLD may refer to an AP MLD and / or a non-AP MLD. The MAC address of the MLD may be used in a multi-link establishment process between a non-AP MLD and an AP MLD. The MAC address of the AP MLD may be different from the MAC address of the non-AP MLD. The AP associated with the AP MLD may have a different MAC address, and the station associated with the non-AP MLD may have a different MAC address. Each AP with a different MAC address within the AP MLD may be responsible for each link and may function as an independent AP.

[0059] Each STA with a different MAC address within a non-AP MLD may be responsible for each link and may function as an independent STA. A non-AP MLD may be referred to as a STA MLD. An MLD may support simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) operations. In this case, the MLD may perform a transmit operation in link 1 and may perform a receive operation in link 2. An MLD that supports STR operations may be referred to as an STR MLD (e.g., STR AP MLD, STR non-AP MLD). In an exemplary embodiment, a link may mean a channel or a frequency band. A device that does not support STR operations may be referred to as a non-STR (NSTR) AP MLD or an NSTR non-AP MLD (or NSTR STAMLD).

[0060] MLD can send and receive frames in multiple links by utilizing a non-contiguous bandwidth extension scheme (e.g., 80MHz+80MHz). Multi-link operation can include multi-band transmission. AP MLD can include multiple APs, and the multiple APs can operate in different links. Each of the multiple APs can perform the function of a lower MAC layer. Each of the multiple APs can be referred to as a "communication node" or a "lower entity". The communication node (i.e., AP) can be in the upper layer (or Figure 1 The non-AP MLD may include multiple STAs, and the multiple STAs may operate in different links. Each of the multiple STAs may be referred to as a "communication node" or a "lower entity". The communication node (i.e., STA) may be in an upper layer (or Figure 1 Operates under the control of the processor 110 shown.

[0061] MLD can perform communication in multiple frequency bands (i.e., multi-band). For example, MLD can perform communication using 80MHz bandwidth according to a channel extension scheme (e.g., bandwidth extension scheme) on the 2.4GHz band, and perform communication using 160MHz bandwidth according to a channel extension scheme on the 5GHz band. MLD can perform communication using 160MHz bandwidth in the 5GHz band, and can perform communication using 160MHz bandwidth in the 6GHz band. A frequency band (e.g., a channel) utilized by MLD can be defined as a link. Alternatively, multiple links can be configured in a frequency band utilized by MLD. For example, MLD can configure one link in the 2.4GHz band, and two links in the 6GHz band. Each link can be referred to as a first link, a second link, and a third link. Alternatively, each link can be referred to as link 1, link 2, link 3, etc. The link number can be set by the access point, and an identifier (identifier, ID) can be assigned to each link.

[0062] MLD (e.g., AP MLD and / or non-AP MLD) can configure multi-link by performing an access process and / or a negotiation process for multi-link operation. In this case, the number and / or links to be utilized in the multi-link can be configured. Non-AP MLD (e.g., STA) can identify information on a frequency band that can communicate with AP MLD. In the negotiation process of multi-link operation between non-AP MLD and APMLD, non-AP MLD can configure one or more links of the links supported by AP MLD for multi-link operation. A station that does not support multi-link operation (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax STA) can be connected to one or more links of the multi-link supported by AP MLD.

[0063] When the frequency band spacing between multiple links (for example, the frequency band spacing between link 1 and link 2 in the frequency domain) is sufficient, the MLD may be able to perform the STR operation. For example, the MLD can use link 1 among the multiple links to send physical layer protocol data unit (PHY (physical) layer protocol data unit, PPDU) 1, and can use link 2 among the multiple links to receive PPDU 2. On the other hand, if the MLD performs the STR operation when the frequency band spacing between multiple links is insufficient, in-device coexistence (IDC) interference, which is interference between multiple links, may occur. Accordingly, when the bandwidth spacing between multiple links is insufficient, the MLD may not be able to perform the STR operation. The link pair having the above-mentioned interference relationship may be a link pair with non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) restrictions. Here, the MLD may be referred to as an "NSTR AP MLD" or an "NSTR non-AP MLD."

[0064] For example, a multilink including link 1, link 2, and link 3 may be configured between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD 1. When the frequency band interval between link 1 and link 3 is sufficient, the AP MLD may perform the STR operation using link 1 and link 3. That is, the AP MLD may transmit a frame using link 1 and receive a frame using link 3. When the frequency band interval between link 1 and link 2 is insufficient, the AP MLD may not be able to perform the STR operation using link 1 and link 2. When the frequency band interval between link 2 and link 3 is insufficient, the AP MLD may not be able to perform the STR operation using link 2 and link 3.

[0065] On the other hand, in a wireless local area network system, a negotiation process for multi-link operation can be performed in an access process between a station and an access point. A device (e.g., access point, station) that supports multiple links can be referred to as a "multi-link device (MLD)". An access point that supports multiple links can be referred to as an "AP MLD", and a station that supports multiple links can be referred to as a "non-APMLD" or "STAMLD". AP MLD can have a physical address (e.g., MAC address) for each link. AP MLD can be implemented as if there is an AP responsible for each link alone. Multiple APs can be managed within one AP MLD. Therefore, coordination between multiple APs belonging to the same AP MLD is possible. STAMLD can have a physical address (e.g., MAC address) for each link. STAMLD can be implemented as if there is an STA responsible for each link alone. Multiple STAs can be managed within one STAMLD. Therefore, coordination between multiple STAs belonging to the same STAMLD is possible.

[0066] For example, AP1 of AP MLD and STA1 of STA MLD may each be responsible for a first link and perform communication using the first link. AP2 of AP MLD and STA2 of STA MLD may each be responsible for a second link and perform communication using the second link. STA2 may receive state change information for the first link on the second link. In this case, STA MLD may collect information (e.g., state change information) received on each link and control an operation performed by STA1 based on the collected information.

[0067] Hereinafter, a data transmission and reception method in a wireless local area network system will be described. Even when describing a method (e.g., transmission or reception of a signal) performed at a first communication node among communication nodes, the corresponding second communication node may also perform a method (e.g., reception or transmission of a signal) corresponding to the method performed at the first communication node. That is, when describing the operation of an STA, an AP corresponding thereto may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the STA. Conversely, when describing the operation of an AP, an STA corresponding thereto may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the AP.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the operation of STA may be interpreted as the operation of STA MLD, the operation of STA MLD may be interpreted as the operation of STA, the operation of AP may be interpreted as the operation of AP MLD, and the operation of AP MLD may be interpreted as the operation of AP. The STA of STA MLD may refer to the STA associated with STA MLD, and the AP of AP MLD may refer to the AP associated with AP MLD. When STA MLD includes a first STA operating on a first link and a second STA operating on a second link, the operation of STA MLD on the first link may be interpreted as the operation of the first STA, and the operation of STA MLD on the second link may be interpreted as the operation of the second STA. When AP MLD includes a first AP operating on the first link and a second AP operating on the second link, the operation of AP MLD on the first link may be interpreted as the operation of the first AP, and the operation of AP MLD on the second link may be interpreted as the operation of the second AP. In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission time of a frame may refer to the transmission start time or the transmission end time, and the reception time of a frame may refer to the reception start time or the reception end time. The transmission time may be interpreted as corresponding to the reception time. The time point may be interpreted as the time, and the time may be interpreted as the time point.

[0069] On the other hand, a power saving operation for a STA MLD (eg, NSTR STA MLD) will be described.

[0070] Among the APs included in AP MLD 1, the AP operating on the first link may be referred to as AP 1-1 (or, the first AP). Among the APs included in AP MLD 1, the AP operating on the second link may be referred to as AP 1-2 (or, the second AP). AP 1-1 and AP 1-2 may be associated with AP MLD 1. Among the STAs included in STAMLD 1, the STA operating on the first link may be referred to as STA1-1 (or, the first STA). Among the STAs included in STAMLD 1, the STA operating on the second link may be referred to as STA 1-2 (or, the second STA). STA1-1 and STA1-2 may be associated with STAMLD 1.

[0071] Figure 3a is a timing diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of power saving operation of an NSTR device, Figure 3b is a timing diagram showing a second exemplary embodiment of power saving operation of an NSTR device, Figure 3c is a timing diagram illustrating a third exemplary embodiment of power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0072] like Figure 3a to Figure 3cAs shown, STAMLD 1 can be an NSTR STA MLD that does not support STR operation. The first link and the second link (on which STAMLD 1 operates) can be an NSTR link pair. In other words, STA1-1 and STA1-2 can be STAs operating on the NSTR link pair. When STAMLD transmits a frame (e.g., a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU), or an aggregation (A)-MPDU) on one link of multiple links, the STA MLD may not be able to perform channel sensing and / or frame transmission operations on another link due to interference caused by the transmission of the frame. Therefore, when transmitting a frame on the first link, a power saving operation can be performed on the second link.

[0073] For example, when STA1-1 transmits a frame to AP 1-1 on the first link, interference caused by the frame transmission on the first link may occur on the second link. Therefore, when STA1-1 transmits a frame on the first link, a power saving operation may be performed on the second link. The state in which STA does not perform a power saving operation may be referred to as an awake state. The state in which STA performs a power saving operation may be referred to as a power saving state or a multi-link (ML) power saving state. Alternatively, the state in which STA performs a power saving operation may be referred to as a sleep state. In the present invention, the power saving operation may be an ML power saving operation. A communication node (e.g., STA, AP) operating in an awake state may perform a sending and / or receiving operation. A communication node operating in a power saving state may not perform a sending operation, and may only perform a specific receiving operation. For example, a communication node operating in a power saving state may only perform reception of a specific frame (e.g., a beacon frame).

[0074] exist Figure 3aIn an exemplary embodiment, when STAMLD 1 (e.g., NSTR STAMLD 1) transmits a frame on the first link, a power saving operation may be performed on the second link. The period for performing the power saving operation on the second link may correspond to the transmission period (e.g., length) of each frame (e.g., each PPDU) on the first link. In other words, the period for performing the power saving operation on the second link may be configured as the transmission period of each frame on the first link. When STA1-1 transmits frame 1 (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1) on the first link, STA1-2 may perform a power saving operation on the second link within a period corresponding to the length of frame 1. When the transmission of frame 1 is completed, STA 1-2 may operate in an awake state instead of performing a power saving operation. When STA 1-1 transmits frame 2 (e.g., PPDU 2, data 2) on the first link, STA1-2 may perform a power saving operation on the second link within a period corresponding to the length of frame 2. When the transmission of frame 2 is completed, STA1-2 may operate in an awake state instead of performing a power saving operation.

[0075] As another method, when STA 1-1 transmits the first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1), STA 1-2 may not perform a power saving operation. When STA 1-1 transmits a frame after the first frame, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation. As another method, if the first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1) sent by STA 1-1 is in the form of an A-MPDU, STA 1-2 may not perform a power saving operation until the decoding completion time (e.g., reception time) of the MAC header of one or more MPDUs within the A-MPDU. If the power saving information included in the MAC header of one or more MPDUs is obtained by the receiver of the frame, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation.

[0076] The PPDU may include an A-MPDU, and the A-MPDU may include a plurality of MPDUs. Transmission of the PPDU may refer to transmission of the A-MPDU or an MPDU included in the A-MPDU.

[0077] exist Figure 3b In an exemplary embodiment of , when STAMLD 1 (e.g., NSTR STAMLD 1) transmits a frame on the first link, a power saving operation may be performed on the second link. The power saving operation on the second link may be performed in a period corresponding to the length of a first frame (e.g., PPDU 1) transmitted by STA1-1 on the first link. In addition, if a transmission opportunity (TXOP) is configured by transmitting a first frame on the first link, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation on the second link in a period corresponding to the TXOP.

[0078] When STA1-1 transmits a first frame (e.g., PPDU 1) on a first link, STA1-2 may perform a power saving operation on a second link within a period corresponding to the length of the first frame. When the transmission or reception of the first frame is completed, STA1-2 may operate in an awake state. In other words, the state of STA1-2 may be converted from a power saving state to an awake state. The conversion operation may mean that STA1-2 operates in an awake state instead of performing a power saving operation.

[0079] AP 1-1 may receive a first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1) from STA 1-1, and may send a reception response frame to STA 1-1 in response to the first frame. In the present invention, the reception response frame may be an acknowledgment (ACK) frame or a block ACK (BA) frame. If STA 1-1 receives a reception response frame (e.g., a BA frame) in response to the first frame, a TXOP may be configured (or granted). In other words, STA 1-1 may configure a TXOP on the first link, or may grant a TXOP on the first link. During a period corresponding to the TXOP configured by STA 1-1 on the first link, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation on the second link. When the TXOP of STA 1-1 ends on the first link, STA 1-2 may terminate the power saving operation and operate in an awake state. In other words, the state of STA 1-2 may be converted from a power saving state to an awake state.

[0080] As another method, when STA 1-1 transmits the first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1), STA 1-2 may not perform a power saving operation. When STA 1-1 transmits a frame after the first frame, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation. As another method, if the first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1) transmitted by STA 1-1 is in the form of an A-MPDU, STA 1-2 may not perform a power saving operation until the decoding completion time (e.g., reception time) of the MAC header of one or more MPDUs within the A-MPDU. If the power saving information included in the MAC header of one or more MPDUs is obtained by the receiver of the frame, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation.

[0081] The PPDU may include an A-MPDU, and the A-MPDU may include a plurality of MPDUs. Transmission of the PPDU may refer to transmission of the A-MPDU or the MPDU included in the A-MPDU.

[0082] exist Figure 3cIn an exemplary embodiment of , when NSTR STA MLD 1 transmits a frame on the first link, a power saving operation may be performed on the second link. For example, the power saving operation on the second link may be performed within a period corresponding to the TXOP configured on the first link. The power saving operation on the second link may be performed within a period corresponding to "transmission time of a frame (e.g., PPDU 1) for configuring TXOP + interframe space (IFS) (e.g., short interframe space (SIFS)) + transmission time of a reception response frame for a frame + TXOP". In other words, the power saving operation on the second link may be performed within a period corresponding to "transmission and reception period of a frame for configuring TXOP + TXOP". Alternatively, if STA 1-1 decides to transmit a frame, a TXOP may be granted to STA 1-1. The power saving operation on the second link may be performed within a period corresponding to the TXOP on the first link.

[0083] STA 1-1 may transmit a frame (e.g., PPDU) on the first link, and STA 1-2 may perform power saving operations during the entire period in which STA 1-1 performs transmission and reception operations. When the TXOP of STA 1-1 ends, STA 1-2 may operate in an awake state. In other words, the state of STA 1-2 may be converted from a power saving state to an awake state.

[0084] As another method, when STA 1-1 transmits the first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1), STA 1-2 may not perform a power saving operation. When STA 1-1 transmits a frame after the first frame, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation. As another method, if the first frame (e.g., PPDU 1, data 1) transmitted by STA 1-1 is in the form of an A-MPDU, STA 1-2 may not perform a power saving operation until the decoding completion time (e.g., reception time) of the MAC header of one or more MPDUs within the A-MPDU. If the power saving information included in the MAC header of one or more MPDUs is obtained by the receiver of the frame, STA 1-2 may perform a power saving operation.

[0085] The PPDU may include an A-MPDU, and the A-MPDU may include a plurality of MPDUs. Transmission of the PPDU may refer to transmission of the A-MPDU or the MPDU included in the A-MPDU.

[0086] exist Figure 3b and Figure 3cIn an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the TXOP on the first link may not be properly configured (or assigned). For example, if a reception response frame of the first frame (e.g., PPDU1) sent by STA 1-1 for configuring a TXOP or obtaining a granted TXOP is not received within a time corresponding to AckTimeout (e.g., aSIFSTime+aSlotTime+aRxPHYStartDelay), the TXOP may not be configured or assigned on the first link. If a TXOP is not configured or assigned on the first link, STA 1-2 may terminate the power saving operation on the second link and operate in the awake state. In other words, the state of STA1-2 may be converted from the power saving state to the awake state.

[0087] On the other hand, a power saving operation for an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) STA MLD will be described.

[0088] Figure 4a is a timing diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device, Figure 4b is a timing diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device.

[0089] like Figure 4a and Figure 4b As shown, STA MLD 1 may be an EMLSR STA MLD that performs an EMLSR operation. STA MLD 1 may perform an EMLSR operation on a first link and a second link. In other words, the first link and the second link may be EMLSR links. STA MLD 1 may wait for receiving an initial control frame on the first link and the second link. In other words, the STAs associated with STA MLD 1 (e.g., STA 1-1 and STA 1-2) may perform a listening operation. The listening operation may be an operation of waiting for receiving an initial control frame. The initial control frame may be a multi-user request to send (MU-RTS) frame or a buffer status report poll (BSRP) frame. The MU-RTS frame may be a MU-RTS trigger frame, and the BSRP frame may be a BSRP trigger frame.

[0090] STA1-1 of STA MLD 1 may perform a backoff operation in the listening state to transmit a frame (e.g., an uplink frame) to AP 1-1. STA 1-1 may initiate frame transmission by switching from the listening state to the normal transmission / reception state. The listening state may refer to a state in which the STA performs a listening operation. The normal transmission / reception state may refer to a state in which the STA performs normal transmission and reception operations. In the normal transmission / reception state, the STA may perform a channel sensing operation and / or a frame transmission / reception operation.

[0091] The transition from the listening state to the normal transmission / reception state may require a specific time. The transition from the normal transmission / reception state to the listening state may also require a specific time. The specific time may be an EMLSR conversion delay and / or an EMLSR filling delay. The EMLSR conversion delay and / or the EMLSR filling delay may be referred to as a "conversion delay". The conversion delay may be the time required for the frame transmission / reception process in a listening operation (e.g., a listening state) according to the EMLSR. Alternatively, the conversion delay may be the time required to convert to a listening operation (e.g., a listening state) after completing the frame transmission / reception process. When STA 1-1 performs a normal transmission / reception operation on the first link, STA 1-2 may be in a blind zone state on the second link. In other words, the period of performing normal transmission / reception operations on the first link may correspond to a blind zone period on the second link. During the blind zone period, the STA (e.g., STA 1-2) may not be able to perform channel sensing operations and / or frame transmission / reception operations. Therefore, STA 1-2 may perform power saving operations during the blind zone period. The power saving operation during the blind zone period may be the same as Figure 3a , Figure 3b and / or Figure 3c The power saving operation (eg, ML power saving operation) in the exemplary embodiment of is the same or similar.

[0092] exist Figure 4a In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the period during which STA1-2 performs power saving operation on the second link may correspond to "the period during which normal transmission / reception operation is performed on the first link + EMLSR conversion delay". After the EMLSR conversion delay on the first link, STA1-2 may terminate the power saving operation on the second link and operate in the awake state. In other words, the state of STA1-2 may be converted from the power saving state to the awake state.

[0093] exist Figure 4bIn the exemplary embodiment of , the period during which STA 1-2 performs the power saving operation on the second link may not include the EMLSR conversion delay. In other words, the period during which STA 1-2 performs the power saving operation on the second link may correspond to the period during which the normal transmission / reception operation is performed on the first link. After the normal transmission / reception operation on the first link is completed, STA 1-2 may terminate the power saving operation on the second link and operate in the awake state. In other words, the state of STA 1-2 may be converted from the power saving state to the awake state.

[0094] Figure 5a is a timing diagram showing a third exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device, Figure 5b is a timing diagram illustrating a fourth exemplary embodiment of a power saving operation of an EMLSR device.

[0095] like Figure 5a and Figure 5b As shown, STA MLD 1 may be an EMLSR STA MLD that performs an EMLSR operation. STA MLD 1 may perform an EMLSR operation on the first link and the second link. In other words, the first link and the second link may be EMLSR links. STA MLD 1 may wait for receiving an initial control frame on the first link and the second link. In other words, the STAs associated with STA MLD 1 (e.g., STA 1-1 and STA 1-2) may perform a listening operation. The listening operation may be an operation of waiting for receiving an initial control frame. The initial control frame may be a MU-RTS frame or a BSRP frame. The MU-RTS frame may be a MU-RTS trigger frame, and the BSRP frame may be a BSRP trigger frame.

[0096] STA1-1 of STAMLD 1 may receive an initial control frame from AP 1-1. Upon receiving the initial control frame, STAMLD 1 (e.g., STA 1-1) may perform normal transmission and reception operations on the first link. STA1-1 may send a clear to send (CTS) frame or another response frame in response to the initial control frame of AP 1-1. During normal transmission and reception operations, STA1-1 may receive a downlink frame from AP 1-1.

[0097] The transition from the listening state to the normal transmission / reception state may require a specific time. The transition from the normal transmission / reception state to the listening state may also require a specific time. The specific time may be the EMLSR conversion delay and / or the EMLSR fill delay. The EMLSR conversion delay and / or the EMLSR fill delay may be referred to as "conversion delay". When STA1-1 performs normal transmission and reception operations on the first link, STA1-2 may be in a blind zone state on the second link. In other words, the period of time in which normal transmission / reception operations are performed on the first link may correspond to a blind zone period on the second link. During the blind zone period, the STA (e.g., STA 1-2) may not be able to perform channel sensing operations and / or frame transmission / reception operations. Therefore, STA1-2 may perform power saving operations during the blind zone period. The power saving operations during the blind zone period may be the same as Figure 3a , Figure 3b and / or Figure 3c The power saving operation (eg, ML power saving operation) in the exemplary embodiment of is the same or similar.

[0098] exist Figure 5a In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the period during which STA1-2 performs power saving operation on the second link may correspond to "the period during which normal transmission / reception operation is performed on the first link + EMLSR conversion delay". After the EMLSR conversion delay on the first link, STA1-2 may terminate the power saving operation on the second link and operate in the awake state. In other words, the state of STA1-2 may be converted from the power saving state to the awake state.

[0099] exist Figure 5b In the exemplary embodiment of , the period during which STA 1-2 performs power saving operation on the second link may not include EMLSR conversion delay. In other words, the period during which STA 1-2 performs power saving operation on the second link may correspond to the period during which normal transmission / reception operation is performed on the first link. After the normal transmission / reception operation on the first link is completed, STA 1-2 may terminate the power saving operation on the second link and operate in the awake state. In other words, the state of STA 1-2 may be converted from the power saving state to the awake state.

[0100] The PPDU may include an A-MPDU, and the A-MPDU may include a plurality of MPDUs. Transmission of the PPDU may refer to transmission of the A-MPDU or an MPDU included in the A-MPDU.

[0101] Figure 6a is a timing diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring power saving operation of an NSTR device, Figure 6b is a timing diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring power saving operation of an NSTR device, Figure 6c is a timing diagram illustrating a third exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring power saving operation of an NSTR device.

[0102] like Figures 6a to 6c As shown, STAMLD can configure power saving operation with AP MLD. The power saving operation can be ML power saving operation. For example, STA MLD 1 can send one or more information elements for configuring power saving operation to AP MLD 1. The one or more information elements for configuring power saving operation can be the information elements defined in Table 1 below.

[0103] [Table 1]

[0104]

[0105] The information (e.g., information element) for configuring power saving operation may include multiple fields. The information for configuring power saving operation may be referred to as "power saving configuration information". The power saving configuration information may be included in an action frame. Alternatively, the power saving configuration information may be included in the HT control field of the MAC header of a data frame.

[0106] The power saving indicator included in the power saving configuration information may indicate whether the power saving operation is used. For example, the power saving indicator may indicate the enabled or disabled state of the power saving operation. The size of the power saving indicator may be 1 bit. A power saving indicator set to a first value (e.g., 0) may indicate the disabling of the power saving operation. The disabling of the power saving operation may mean that the power saving operation is not performed. A power saving indicator set to a second value (e.g., 1) may indicate the activation of the power saving operation. The activation of the power saving operation may mean the execution of the power saving operation.

[0107] When the power saving indicator is set to the second value, the link that performs the power saving operation can be indicated by the link bitmap. Through the above method, the link that performs the power saving operation can be configured. After the link that performs the power saving operation is configured, in order to change the link that performs the power saving operation, the power saving indicator can be set to the second value, and the link bitmap can indicate the changed link.

[0108] After configuring the link to perform the power saving operation, in order to disable the power saving operation, the power saving indicator may be set to the first value, and all bits in the link bitmap may be set to 0. Alternatively, after configuring the link to perform the power saving operation, in order to disable the power saving operation, the power saving indicator may be set to the first value. In this case, the link bitmap may not be used. In other words, the power saving configuration information may not include the link bitmap.

[0109] The STA MLD may configure its power saving operation by sending power saving configuration information to the AP MLD. In order to change the power saving operation, the STA MLD may send updated power saving configuration information to the AP MLD multiple times. The AP MLD may send the power saving configuration information to the STA MLD in response to the power saving indicator of the STA MLD. For example, the STA MLD may send the power saving configuration information including the power saving indicator set to the second value (e.g., 1) to the AP MLD. The AP MLD may send the power saving configuration information to the STA MLD in response to the power saving indicator.

[0110] For example, the AP MLD may reject the power saving operation of the STAMLD. In this case, the power saving indicator included in the power saving configuration information sent by the AP MLD to the STAMLD may be set to a first value (e.g., 0). If the power saving indicator of the AP MLD is set to the first value, the STAMLD may not perform the power saving operation. Alternatively, the AP MLD may accept the power saving operation of the STA MLD. In this case, the power saving indicator included in the power saving configuration information sent by the AP MLD to the STAMLD may be set to a second value (e.g., 1). If the power saving indicator of the AP MLD is set to the second value, the STAMLD may perform the power saving operation.

[0111] exist Figure 6a In an exemplary embodiment of , the action frame may include power saving configuration information (e.g., power saving information). STAMLD 1 may send an action frame including the power saving configuration information to AP MLD 1. AP MLD 1 may receive the action frame from STAMLD 1. AP MLD 1 may send a reception response frame (e.g., ACK frame) to the action frame of STA MLD 1 to STAMLD 1. Alternatively, AP MLD 1 may not send a reception response frame to the action frame of STAMLD 1.

[0112] AP MLD 1 may identify the power saving configuration information received from STA MLD 1. In order to indicate that the power saving configuration information of STAMLD 1 has been received, AP MLD 1 may send an action frame including the power saving configuration information to STAMLD 1. For example, AP MLD 1 may transmit its action frame on the link on which the action frame from STAMLD 1 has been received. Alternatively, AP MLD 1 may transmit the action frame on one of the links on which STA MLD 1 is operating.

[0113] For example, AP MLD 1 may receive an action frame including power saving configuration information from STA MLD 1 on the first link, and in response to the action frame, AP MLD 1 may send an action frame including power saving configuration information to STA MLD 1 on the second link. The power saving configuration information included in the action frame received from STA MLD 1 on the first link may be the same as the power saving configuration information included in the action frame sent by AP MLD 1 on the second link. The action frame may include not only the power saving configuration information but also information for reconfiguring STR performance information.

[0114] exist Figure 6b In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the HT Control field in the MAC header of the frame may include power saving configuration information (e.g., power saving information). The power saving configuration information may be included in the HT Control field in the form of A Control. In other words, the power saving configuration information may be included in the A-Control field. STA MLD 1 may send a frame (e.g., a data frame and / or another frame) including the power saving configuration information to AP MLD 1. AP MLD 1 may receive a frame including the power saving configuration information from STAMLD 1, and may send a reception response frame for the frame to STA MLD 1. The response frame may include the power saving configuration information, which may be included in the HT Control field of the reception response frame. The power saving configuration information included in the reception response frame may be the same as the power saving configuration information received from STA MLD 1.

[0115] Alternatively, AP MLD 1 may transmit a reception response frame including a QoS null frame in response to a frame received from STA MLD 1. The QoS null frame may be included in the reception response frame in the form of an A-MPDU. The HT control field of the QoS null frame may include power saving configuration information. The power saving configuration information included in the QoS null frame of AP MLD 1 may be the same as the power saving configuration information transmitted by STA MLD 1.

[0116] Upon receiving a reception response frame for a frame including a MAC header having power saving configuration information, STA MLD 1 may perform a power saving operation in a subsequent transmission process. If the power saving operation is performed based on a MAC header including power saving configuration information, the power saving operation may be applied to a TXOP configured by a frame including a MAC header including power saving configuration information. Alternatively, if the power saving operation is configured by a frame including power saving configuration information, the power saving operation may continue until a frame including disabling information of the power saving operation is received.

[0117] STAMLD 1 (e.g., STA1-1 and / or STA 1-2) may send disabling information for power saving operation to AP MLD 1 (e.g., AP 1-1 and / or AP 1-2). The disabling information for power saving operation may be included in an action frame and / or a data frame. AP MLD 1 may receive disabling information for power saving operation from STAMLD 1. In this case, AP MLD 1 may determine to disable the power saving operation of STAMLD 1. AP MLD 1 may send a response frame (e.g., ACK frame) to the disabling information for power saving operation to STA MLD 1. Upon receiving the response frame to the disabling information for power saving operation, STAMLD 1 may determine to disable the power saving operation and may not perform the power saving operation.

[0118] exist Figure 6c In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the power saving operation can be configured in the association process and / or the multi-link establishment process. The power saving configuration information can be included in the association request frame, the association response frame, and / or the frame according to the multi-link establishment process. For example, a separate information element for the power saving configuration information can be included in the association request frame and / or the association response frame. Once the association process and / or the multi-link establishment process is completed, the power saving operation can be performed. In order to disable the power saving operation after the association process and / or the multi-link establishment process is completed, an instruction can be executed. Figure 6a and / or Figure 6b The operation of disabling the power saving operation is described in the exemplary embodiment.

[0119] exist Figure 3a to Figure 3c Exemplary embodiments of Figure 4a and Figure 4b and Figure 5a and 5b In an exemplary embodiment, the Figures 6a to 6c An exemplary embodiment of a method to configure power saving operation.

[0120] The operation of the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as a computer-readable program or code in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium may include a recording device of all types having data that can be read by a computer system. In addition, the computer-readable recording medium can store and execute programs or codes, which can be distributed in a computer system connected via a network and read by a computer in a distributed manner.

[0121] Computer readable recording media may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM or flash memory. Program instructions may include not only machine language codes created by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter.

[0122] Although some aspects of the present invention have been described in the context of a device, these aspects may indicate the corresponding description according to the method, and a block or device may correspond to the step of the method or the feature of the step. Similarly, the aspects described in the context of the method may be represented as the feature of a corresponding block or project or a corresponding device. Some or all steps of the method may be performed by (or using) a hardware device such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, one or more of the most important steps of the method may be performed by such a device.

[0123] In some exemplary embodiments, a programmable logic device such as a field programmable gate array can be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some exemplary embodiments, the field programmable gate array can be operated with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Typically, the method is preferably performed by a specific hardware device.

[0124] The description of the present invention is merely exemplary in nature, and therefore variant forms that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. Such variant forms should not be considered as departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of a first device, comprising: enabling a first station (STA) associated with a first device to perform communications with a first access point (AP) over a first link; enabling a second STA associated with the first device to perform a power save operation on the second link during a period in which communications are performed on the first link; as well as After completing the communication on the first link, enabling the second STA to operate in an awake state instead of a power saving operation on the second link, Wherein, the first device is a device having a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) link pair, and the NSTR link pair is a pair of a first link and a second link.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The period during which communication is performed corresponds to the length of a frame transmitted by the first STA.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The period during which communication is performed corresponds to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) configured for communication.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The period during which communication is performed corresponds to "a transmission / reception period for a frame configuring TXOP for communication+TXOP".

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: During "a period in which communication is performed on the first link + an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) switching delay", a power saving operation on the second link is performed.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The EMLSR switching delay is a time required for a frame transmission / reception process in a listening operation according to the EMLSR, or a time required for switching to a listening operation after the frame transmission / reception process is completed.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Before performing communication on the first link, Sending a frame including power saving configuration information to the first AP on the first link so that the first STA configures a power saving operation; as well as A reception response frame to the frame is received from the first AP.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The frame is an action frame, a data frame, an association request frame, or a frame according to a multilink establishment procedure.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The power saving configuration information includes at least one of an indicator indicating whether to perform a power saving operation, a bitmap indicating a link to perform a power saving operation, or a mode of a power saving operation, and a period for performing the power saving operation varies according to the mode.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: enabling the first STA to send a frame including disabling information of the power saving operation to the first AP on the first link; as well as receiving a reception response frame for the frame from the first AP, The power saving operation is disabled by the disabling information, and when the power saving operation is disabled, the first device does not perform the power saving operation.

11. A first device comprising at least one processor, wherein: The at least one processor causes the first device to execute: enabling a first station (STA) associated with a first device to perform communications with a first access point (AP) over a first link; enabling a second STA associated with the first device to perform a power save operation on the second link during a period in which communications are performed on the first link; as well as After completing the communication on the first link, enabling the second STA to operate in an awake state instead of a power saving operation on the second link, Wherein, the first device is a device having a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) link pair, and the NSTR link pair is a pair of a first link and a second link.

12. The first device according to claim 11, wherein: The period during which communication is performed corresponds to the length of a frame transmitted by the first STA.

13. The first device according to claim 11, wherein: The period during which communication is performed corresponds to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) configured for communication.

14. The first device according to claim 11, wherein: The period during which communication is performed corresponds to "a transmission / reception period for a frame configuring TXOP for communication+TXOP".

15. The first device according to claim 11, wherein: During "a period in which communication is performed on the first link + an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) switching delay", a power saving operation on the second link is performed.

16. The first device according to claim 11, wherein: The at least one processor further causes the first device to, before performing communication on the first link: Sending a frame including power saving configuration information to the first AP on the first link so that the first STA configures a power saving operation; and A reception response frame to the frame is received from the first AP.

17. The first device according to claim 16, wherein: The frame is an action frame, a data frame, an association request frame, or a frame according to a multilink establishment procedure.

18. The first device according to claim 16, wherein: The power saving configuration information includes at least one of an indicator indicating whether to perform a power saving operation, a bitmap indicating a link to perform a power saving operation, or a mode of a power saving operation, and a period for performing the power saving operation varies according to the mode.

19. The first device according to claim 11, wherein: The at least one processor further causes the first device to execute: enabling the first STA to send a frame including disabling information of a power saving operation to the first AP on the first link; and receiving a reception response frame for the frame from the first AP, The power saving operation is disabled by the disabling information, and when the power saving operation is disabled, the first device does not perform the power saving operation.

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