Camellia oleifera'one-seedling dual-purpose 'grafting seedling method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a'one-seedling dual-purpose 'grafting seedling method and application thereof. The camellia oleifera grafting seedling raising method is simple and easy to implement, a large amount of work of removing sprouts before seedling formation is omitted through seedling root stock grafting, and meanwhile, the time and season of camellia oleifera grafting are widened through seedling stock grafting, so that the effect of camellia oleifera grafting seedling raising is greatly improved, stock resources of camellia oleifera are fully utilized, and the survival rate of camellia oleifera seedlings is increased. And'one seedling for two purposes' of camellia oleifera grafting seedling raising is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual propagation, and specifically relates to a method for raising oil-tea camellia seedlings with "one seedling for two purposes" grafting and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera is a woody oil-bearing tree species, and is known as one of the world's four major woody edible oil plants along with oil palm, olive and coconut. Camellia oleifera has high nutritional value and health functions. It is a high-quality, health-care and safe edible oil, and is known as the "Oriental Olive Oil". Camellia oleifera has a strong resistance to natural disasters, does not compete with crops such as grain and cotton for land, and can be planted on barren hills, wastelands and slopes. Since the early 1980s, through the unremitting efforts of Camellia oleifera scientific and technological workers, many excellent asexual lines of Camellia oleifera have been selected and bred. Asexual reproduction can fully maintain the excellent traits of the parents, and has the characteristics of early fruiting, high yield and stable yield.

[0003] The "Camellia oleifera seedling rootstock grafting" method successfully researched by the Subtropical Forestry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry uses large Camellia oleifera seeds that have been stored in sand for germination, uses young bud stems that have germinated but not yet unfolded as rootstocks, and uses branches of superior trees grown that year and excellent clones as scions. This method has become the main method for large-scale breeding and grafting of Camellia oleifera clone seedlings. However, since this method uses young bud stems as rootstocks, a large number of rootstock buds will sprout, greatly increasing the workload of removing buds, and the grafting time can only be concentrated in late April to May in late spring and early summer, and the grafting time season is short. Therefore, a new Camellia oleifera grafting seedling raising method is urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of grafting seedling raising of improved Camellia oleifera varieties. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a method for grafting and raising seedlings of oil tea, which can use small seedling root stock grafting to avoid a lot of work of removing sprouts before seedlings grow, and at the same time, the use of small seedling stock grafting broadens the time and season for oil tea grafting, greatly improving the effectiveness of grafting and raising seedlings of improved oil tea varieties.

[0005] The present invention also provides an application of the method.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for grafting and raising seedlings of oil tea is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, cutting the camellia oil seedlings at a distance of 0.8-1.2 cm below the root neck of the camellia oil seedlings to obtain the lower root of the camellia oil seedlings and the upper part of the camellia oil seedlings; cutting the lower root of the camellia oil seedlings longitudinally at the incision, the depth of the longitudinal cutting is about 1.0 cm, and the length of the lower root of the camellia oil seedlings is controlled to be 4-5 cm, so as to obtain the rootstock for root-stock grafting;

[0008] S2, performing root-stock grafting on the rootstock to obtain a Camellia oleifera root-stock grafted seedling;

[0009] S3, transplanting the upper part of the oil-tea camellia seedling to obtain a transplanted seedling; when the transplanted seedling has a height ≥15 cm and a seedling diameter ≥0.3 cm, grafting the seedling onto a small stock to obtain a grafted oil-tea camellia seedling onto a small stock.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of cultivating tea oil seedlings is further included, and the steps are as follows: sow tea oil seeds on a sand bed, and then cover with 4-6 cm thick fine sand, cover the surface of the sand bed with a sunshade, water it thoroughly, and control the humidity to 20-30%, so that the tea oil seeds can germinate and the tea oil seedlings can grow to 5-10 cm, with 2-3 or more leaves turning green and a root diameter ≥ 0.3 cm, to obtain tea oil seedlings for grafting.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sowing time of the tea oil seeds is the frost season.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil-tea camellia seeds are freshly processed large-fruited oil-tea camellia seeds.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil tea seeds further include a disinfection step before sowing.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the disinfection is carried out by immersion disinfection using a 500-800 times carbendazim solution or a 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sand used to prepare the sand bed is clear river sand.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sand bed has a height of 20-25 cm and a width of 1.0-1.5 m.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, after the oil-tea seedlings are cultivated, a step of removing the seedlings is also included, and the step includes: after soaking the sand bed, pulling out the oil-tea seedlings.

[0018] In some embodiments of the invention, the root stock grafting comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) Cutting the scion: Select the mature spring shoots of tea oil tea to make the scion, cut a knife on both sides below the grafted bud of the mature spring shoots of tea oil tea, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape to make a tea oil tea scion with one leaf and one bud;

[0020] (2) Grafting: insert the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the rootstock, align the cortex on the side of the scion with the leaf bud and the cortex on the side of the rootstock for root grafting, and then wrap the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera rootstock grafted seedling.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the ear cutting step, the grafted buds are selected from axillary buds or terminal buds with full buds and healthy leaves.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the ear trimming step, a cut is made on each side, and the length of the cut surface formed is 0.8-1.0 cm.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface is wrapped tightly with aluminum foil.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of transplanting the grafted camellia root stock seedlings is also included, and the steps include: transplanting the grafted camellia root stock seedlings into a nutrient medium, watering until the medium is moistened, and spraying it with a fungicide solution, and then using a film to seal the medium and control the humidity to be above 90%; after 50-60 days of management, removing the film to harden the seedlings, and performing water and fertilizer management, and when the height of the camellia seedlings reaches more than 20 cm, they can be planted out.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fungicide comprises carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fungicide is applied at a concentration of 500-800 times.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fungicide is applied in an amount of dripping water by spraying onto the leaf surface.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the transplanting and planting step also includes a disease and pest control step, which includes: spraying fungicides and insecticides; the fungicide is sprayed once every 10-15 days, the application concentration is 500-800 times, and the application amount is sprayed to the leaf surface and drips; the insecticide is sprayed once every 20-30 days, the application concentration is 1500-2000 times, and the application amount is sprayed to the leaf surface and drips.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pesticide includes chlorpyrifos.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the film sealing management process also includes a sunshade step.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shading step is removed after 7-10 days of removing the film and hardening the seedlings.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the water and fertilizer management includes applying 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer after removing the film and hardening the seedlings, and then applying 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 1kg / m 2 .

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and the 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and the 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 1 kg / m 2 .

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the seedling raising and transplanting step specifically includes transplanting the upper part of the tea oil seedling into a nutrient medium with a transplanting depth of 2-3 cm; after 15-20 days of shading management, removing the shading material, and managing the seedlings until they grow to a height ≥15-20 cm and a seedling diameter ≥0.3 cm.

[0038] In some embodiments of the invention, the nutrient matrix comprises a nutrient bag.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, a fertilizing step is also included after 15-20 days of shading management, and the fertilizing step is as follows: 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer are applied once after 15-20 days of shading management, and then 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer are applied every 15-20 days.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 1kg / m 2 .

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and the 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and the 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 1 kg / m 2 .

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound fertilizer comprises a ternary compound fertilizer.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the seedling stock grafting comprises the following steps:

[0046] 1) Cutting the rootstock: Make an oblique cut 3-5 cm above the base of the transplanted seedling. The depth of the oblique cut should not exceed 1 / 2 of the seedling diameter. The length of the cut should be 1-1.5 cm, forming a "tongue" shape. Cut the tip of the "tongue" flat to obtain the seedling rootstock;

[0047] 2) Cutting the scion: Select the old and mature branches of the oil tea scion for the scion, cut a knife on both sides below the grafted bud of the old and mature branches of the oil tea scion, cut the lower end into a wedge shape, and leave one leaf and one bud on the oil tea scion;

[0048] 3) Grafting: insert the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the stock, align the cortex on the leaf bud side of the scion with the cortex on the seedling stock side, and then wrap the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera seedling stock grafted seedling.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface is wrapped tightly with aluminum foil.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the seedling stock grafting also includes a post-grafting management step, which includes sealing the oil tea seedling stock grafted seedlings with a film and controlling the humidity to be above 90%; after 18-22 days of management, weeding and removing sprouts; after 50-60 days of management, the film can be removed, and water and fertilizer management can be carried out, and when the height of the oil tea seedlings reaches more than 20 cm, they can be planted in the nursery.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the film sealing management process also includes a sunshade step.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shading step is removed after most of the new shoots of the tea oil seedlings turn green and mature.

[0053] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an application of the above method is proposed, wherein the application is application in oil-tea grafting seedling cultivation.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved: the oil-tea grafting seedling raising method of the scheme of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and the grafting seedling raising is carried out by joining the scion with two different parts (root and stem) of a rootstock seedling. Specifically, by using the seedling root stock grafting, a large amount of work of removing sprouts before the seedlings are eliminated, and at the same time, the use of the seedling stock grafting broadens the time and season for oil-tea grafting, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of the grafting seedling raising of improved oil-tea varieties, making full use of the rootstock resources of oil-tea, and realizing the "one seedling for two purposes" of oil-tea grafting seedling raising. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the "one seedling for two purposes" grafting seedling raising method for tea oil in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart of stock cultivation in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein ① and ② are seed disinfection diagrams, ③ and ④ are sowing schematic diagrams, and ⑤ and ⑥ are sand bed seedling raising diagrams;

[0058] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of the "one seedling for two purposes" grafting seedling raising method for tea oil in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1 is a schematic diagram of taking seedlings, 2, 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of root grafting, breaking anvil and opening anvil, 5 is a schematic diagram of flushing, 6 is a schematic diagram of grafting and wrapping, 7 is a schematic diagram of planting on bags, 8 is a schematic diagram of root anvil grafting, 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of transplanting with root neck part (stem seedling section) on bags, 11 is a schematic diagram of opening anvil for small seedlings, 12 is a schematic diagram of breaking anvil, 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of small seedling anvil grafting, and 15 is a schematic diagram of small seedling anvil grafting;

[0059] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the traditional tea oil seedling stock grafting method in comparative example 1 of the present invention, wherein ① is a schematic diagram of seedling removal, ②, ③, ④ are schematic diagrams of stock cutting, ⑤ is a schematic diagram of stock opening, ⑥ is a schematic diagram of cuttings, ⑦ and ⑧ are schematic diagrams of wrapping, and ⑨ is a schematic diagram of seedling stock grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will be combined with the embodiments to clearly and completely describe the concept of the present invention and the technical effects produced, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples are all conventional methods; the materials and reagents used, unless otherwise specified, are all reagents and materials available from commercial sources.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] This embodiment provides a method for grafting and raising seedlings of oil tea. The method flow chart is as follows: Figure 1-3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0064] 1. Fruit picking, sowing and sand bed seedling cultivation: On October 23, 2022 (Frost Descent), the freshly processed large-fruited tea oil seeds were screened to obtain full and large seeds, and then sown on the sand bed. Use clean river sand to make a sand bed about 20cm high and 1.0-1.5m wide. Sow the seeds evenly on it after being disinfected with 700 times (500-800 times) of carbendazim solution or 0.2% (0.1-0.3%) potassium permanganate solution for about 30 seconds, flatten them to avoid overlapping, and then cover them with about 5cm thick clean water and fine river sand, and then cover them with a shading net. After being soaked in water once, keep them moist (water once a day on sunny days). In May 2023, when the seedlings grow to 7cm (5-10cm) high, 2-3 or more leaves turn green (mature), and the root diameter is ≥0.3cm, the seedlings can be removed and root stock grafting can be prepared.

[0065] 2. Transplanting: Starting from the beginning of May, first thoroughly wet the sand bed for the seedlings, then pull out the high-quality and strong seedlings, and rinse the sand on the roots of the seedlings with clean water for later use.

[0066] 3. Grafting

[0067] (1) Cutting and opening the rootstock: The selected seedling root neck is cut into two parts about 1 cm below the root neck. The lower root section is used as the rootstock immediately. Then, a single-sided blade is used to cut the root section along the central axis, with a depth of about 1 cm. The root section is cut into a root section about 4-5 cm long (4-5 cm is acceptable, 4 cm in this embodiment). The thicker and longer root sections can be cut into 2-3 sections of the rootstock for seedling root-stock grafting; the upper section with the root neck is transplanted into a bag and continued to be cultivated into a seedling with a complete root system for subsequent seedling-stock grafting.

[0068] (2) Grafting of seedlings on rootstock

[0069] 1) Cutting the scion: After disinfecting the mature spring shoot scion collected from the oil-tea scion nursery, select the axillary buds or terminal buds with full buds and healthy leaves on the scion, cut the lower part of both sides of the leaf bud to form two inclined surfaces (into a wedge shape), the cut surface is about 0.8-1.0 cm long (0.8-1.0 cm is OK, 0.9 cm in this embodiment), the cut surface is smooth, and then cut at about 0.2 cm above the axillary bud (except for the terminal bud scion) to make a scion with one leaf and one bud.

[0070] 2) Cuttings and wrapping: Insert the cut scion into the cut rootstock, align the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the cortex of the rootstock side, and then wrap the interface tightly with aluminum foil. Put the grafted seedlings in a plastic basket or pot and cover with a wet towel to keep them moist.

[0071] 3) Planting: Use bamboo sticks to poke small holes and plant the grafted seedlings into the substrate nutrient bags in the simple shade shed prepared in advance. The depth should not exceed the grafting point.

[0072] 4) Set up a small arch shed with film to keep moisture: Set up a small arch while planting, spray and cover with film to keep moisture. After the bed is fully planted, water it thoroughly and spray a fungicide solution (500-800 times of carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, etc., this embodiment uses a 700-fold carbendazim solution) until the leaves drip, then immediately cover the film and compact and seal it with river sand.

[0073] 5) Post-grafting management:

[0074] a) Water management: After grafting, the humidity in the film shed should be checked frequently (humidity requirement ≥ 90%). In sunny and hot weather, the film should be removed in the early morning for ventilation and water replenishment every 3-5 days. If the substrate is insufficient in moisture, water it sufficiently and then cover it with film. If the substrate is too moist due to continuous rain, the film should be removed after the rain to dry the water droplets on the leaves and then cover it with film.

[0075] b) Disease and insect control: The small shed is warm and humid, which is prone to diseases. A fungicide (500-800 times of carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, etc., can be sprayed once every 10-15 days (12 days in this embodiment) in combination with moisture management; insect pests generally occur less frequently, and the main purpose is to control silkworms (1500-2000 times of chlorpyrifos can be used, and 1800 times is used in this embodiment), and spraying is combined with disease prevention every 20-30 days (25 days in this embodiment).

[0076] C) time of uncovering the film: 50-60 days (55 days in the present embodiment) after grafting, can start in the evening or select cloudy weather to gradually uncover the film and harden the seedlings.

[0077] d) Time to remove the shading net: 7-10 days after the film is removed or after the buds have stabilized, choose the evening or cloudy weather to remove the shading net for seedling hardening.

[0078] e) Fertilization and weeding: After removing the film and hardening the seedlings, apply a thin layer of 0.2% compound fertilizer + 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer (dosage is 1kg / m 2 ), and then apply 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer + 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days (in this embodiment, 0.4% compound fertilizer + 0.4% urea liquid fertilizer, applied once every 18 days, the dosage is 1kg / m 2), weed once before each fertilization, and check and remove the adventitious buds on the rootstock (there are few buds on the roots). If there are grafted failures, the rootstock buds can be retained and cultivated into a seedling for seedling rootstock grafting.

[0079] f) Transplanting: Manage until March-April of the following year. When the seedlings reach a height of more than 20 cm, they can be transplanted.

[0080] (3) Grafting on small seedlings

[0081] 1) Cultivation of seedling rootstock: transplant the root neck part of the seedling rootstock grafted with the prepared substrate nutrient bag (specification is 7×11cm) at a planting depth of 2-3cm. After planting in the full ridge, water it enough to fix the roots and set up a small arch frame and cover it with a sunshade net. After 15-20 days (18 days in this embodiment), remove the sunshade net and start to apply light fertilizer, using 0.2% triple compound fertilizer + 0.1-0.2% (0.1-0.2% is OK, 0.1% in this embodiment) urea water fertilizer (dosage is 1kg / m 2 ), once every 15-20 days (18 days in this embodiment), and after one month, apply 0.4% (0.3-0.5%) of ternary compound fertilizer water (dosage is 1kg / m 2 ). Manage and cultivate until September-October, when the seedlings grow to a height ≥15-20cm and a seedling diameter ≥0.3cm, they can be used for seedling rootstock grafting.

[0082] 2) Opening the stock: Use a knife to make a downward oblique cut from shallow to deep at a straight position about 3-5cm above the base of the seedling (the depth should not exceed 1 / 2 of the seedling diameter). The incision should be about 1.2cm long and in the shape of a "tongue". Then cut the "tongue tip" flat below the incision. This method is an improved method for opening the stock for seedlings. It is more convenient and faster than the method of first breaking the stock and then opening it.

[0083] 3) Wrapping: Insert the cut scion (preparation method is the same as (2) seedling rootstock grafting) into the cut of the seedling rootstock, and ensure that the cambium on the scion with leaf buds is aligned with the cambium on the rootstock, and then wrap the interface tightly with aluminum foil.

[0084] 4) Build a small film shed to keep moisture

[0085] The grafted seedlings are placed in the seedbed under the simple shade canopy in time, neatly arranged into furrows, and small arches are set up while placing them. Spray them one by one and cover them with a film to keep them moist. After the furrows are filled, water them thoroughly once and spray them once with a fungicide solution (500-800 times of carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, etc., and a 700-times carbendazim solution is used in this embodiment), and then cover them with a film immediately and compact and seal them with river sand all around.

[0086] 5) Management after grafting

[0087] Check the moisture in the morning every 3-5 days within one month after grafting. Depending on the water shortage, spray water for light or water for heavy. After 20 days, weed and remove sprouts in combination with checking the moisture, and do it once a month thereafter. After 50-60 days, the scion has healed firmly and the scion has sprouted and leaves have spread. At this time, the film can be removed and fertilizer can be applied. Specifically, 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer + 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is applied every 15-20 days (this embodiment is 0.4% compound fertilizer + 0.4% urea liquid fertilizer, applied once every 18 days, the amount is 1kg / m 2 ), and the shade net can be removed when most of the new shoots turn green and mature. Then strengthen fertilizer and water management (all routine management), and in March-May of the following year, when the seedling height is ≧20cm, it can be planted in the nursery.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] This comparative example provides a method for grafting traditional oil tea seedlings stock, the flow chart is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0090] (1) Cultivating sprout stock: In late October (the season of frost), freshly processed large-fruited tea oil seeds are selected and sown on a sand bed. Use clean river sand to make a sand bed about 20 cm high and 1.0-1.5 m wide. Sow the seeds that have been disinfected by soaking in 700 times (500-800 times) of carbendazim solution or 0.2% (0.1-0.3%) potassium permanganate solution evenly on it, flatten it to avoid overlapping, and then cover it with about 5 cm thick clean water and fine river sand, and then cover it with a shading net. After being soaked with water once, keep it moist. When the sprouts grow to 3-5 cm in height and the root diameter is ≥ 0.3 cm in late April of the following year, the seedlings can be removed and prepared for sprout stock grafting.

[0091] (2) Transplanting: Starting from late April, first thoroughly wet the sand bed for the seedlings, then pick out the high-quality and strong seedlings, rinse the sand off the seedlings with clean water and set aside for later use.

[0092] (3) Cutting and opening the anvil: Cut off the bud stem about 1-2 cm above the root neck of the selected sprout seedling, leaving a 4-5 cm long root (cut off the excess part) and then use a single-sided blade to cut the central axis of the bud stem, about 1 cm deep.

[0093] (4) Cutting the scion: After disinfecting the mature spring shoot scion collected from the scion nursery, select the axillary buds or terminal buds with full buds and healthy leaves on the scion, cut the lower part of both sides of the leaf bud to form two inclined surfaces (into a wedge shape), the cut surface is about 0.8-1.0 cm long (0.8-1.0 cm is OK, 0.9 cm in this embodiment), the cut surface is smooth, and then cut at about 0.2 cm above the axillary bud (except for the terminal bud scion), to make a scion with one leaf and one bud.

[0094] (5) Cuttings and wrapping: Insert the cut scion into the cut stock, align the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the side of the stock, and then wrap the interface tightly with aluminum foil. Place the grafted seedlings in a plastic basket or pot and cover with a wet towel to keep them moist.

[0095] (6) Planting: Use bamboo sticks to poke small holes and plant the grafted seedlings into the substrate nutrient bags in the simple shade shed prepared in advance. The depth should not exceed the grafting point.

[0096] (7) Post-planting management: During this period, a small film arch shed is set up to keep moisture, water, and weed. After 20 days, weed and remove sprouts in combination with moisture checks, and do so once a month thereafter. Pest control and fertilization are done in a timely manner (all routine management). Management is continued until March or April of the following year, when the seedlings reach a height of more than 20 cm, they can be planted out.

[0097] Test example

[0098] This test example tested the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the comparison results of the two methods are shown in Table 1 below.

[0099] Table 1

[0100]

[0101] As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention makes full use of the rootstock resources of Camellia oleifera, and the use of seedling rootstock grafting eliminates the large amount of work of sprout removal before seedling maturity. The use of seedling rootstock grafting broadens the time and season for Camellia oleifera grafting, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of grafting and raising seedlings of improved Camellia oleifera varieties.

[0102] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A method for grafting and raising seedlings of Camellia oleifera, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, cutting the camellia oil seedlings at a distance of 0.8-1.2 cm below the root neck of the camellia oil seedlings to obtain the lower root of the camellia oil seedlings and the upper part of the camellia oil seedlings; cutting the lower root of the camellia oil seedlings longitudinally at the incision, the depth of the longitudinal cutting is about 1.0 cm, and the length of the lower root of the camellia oil seedlings is controlled to be 4-5 cm, so as to obtain the rootstock for root-stock grafting; S2, performing root-stock grafting on the rootstock to obtain a Camellia oleifera root-stock grafted seedling; S3, transplanting the upper part of the oil-tea camellia seedling to obtain a transplanted seedling; when the transplanted seedling has a height ≥15 cm and a seedling diameter ≥0.3 cm, grafting the seedling onto a small stock to obtain a grafted oil-tea camellia seedling onto a small stock.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method also includes the step of cultivating tea oil seedlings, which is as follows: sowing tea oil seeds on a sand bed, then covering it with 4-6 cm thick fine sand, covering the surface of the sand bed with a sunshade, watering it thoroughly, and controlling the humidity to 20-30%, so that the tea oil seeds can germinate and the tea oil seedlings can grow to 5-10 cm, with more than 2-3 leaves turning green and a root diameter of ≥0.3 cm, to obtain tea oil seedlings for grafting.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The root stock grafting comprises the following steps: (1) Cutting the scion: Select the mature spring shoots of the oil tea to make the scion, cut a knife on both sides below the grafted bud of the mature spring shoots of the oil tea, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape to make a oil tea scion with one leaf and one bud; (2) Grafting: insert the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the rootstock, align the cortex on the side of the scion with the leaf bud and the cortex on the side of the rootstock for root grafting, and then wrap the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera rootstock grafted seedling.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the steps of transplanting and planting the grafted oil-tea root stock seedlings, which include: transplanting the grafted oil-tea root stock seedlings into a nutrient medium, watering until the medium is moistened, and spraying it with a fungicide solution, and then using a film to seal the medium and control the humidity to be above 90%; after 50-60 days of management, removing the film to harden the seedlings, and performing water and fertilizer management, and when the height of the oil-tea seedlings reaches more than 20 cm, they can be planted out of the field.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling raising and transplanting specifically includes: transplanting the upper end of the tea oil seedling into a nutrient medium with a transplanting depth of 2-3 cm; after 15-20 days of shading management, removing the shading material, and managing the seedlings until they grow to a seedling height of ≥15-20 cm and a seedling diameter of ≥0.3 cm.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method also includes a fertilization step after 15-20 days of shading management, wherein the fertilization step is as follows: 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer are applied once after 15-20 days of shading management, and then 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer are applied every 15-20 days.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.2kg / m 2 The application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 0.8-1.2kg / m 2 .

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling rootstock grafting comprises the following steps: 1) Cutting the rootstock: Make an oblique cut 3-5 cm above the base of the transplanted seedling. The depth of the oblique cut should not exceed 1 / 2 of the seedling diameter. The length of the cut should be 1-1.5 cm, forming a "tongue" shape. Cut the tip of the "tongue" flat to obtain the seedling rootstock; 2) Cutting the scion: Select the old and mature branches of the oil tea scion for the scion, cut a knife on both sides below the grafted bud of the old and mature branches of the oil tea scion, cut the lower end into a wedge shape, and leave one leaf and one bud on the oil tea scion; 3) Grafting: insert the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the stock, align the cortex on the leaf bud side of the scion with the cortex on the seedling stock side, and then wrap the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera grafted seedling.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling stock grafting also includes a post-grafting management step, which includes: sealing the oil tea seedling stock grafted seedlings with a film and controlling the humidity to be above 90%; weeding and removing sprouts after 18-22 days of management; after 50-60 days of management, the film can be removed, and water and fertilizer management can be carried out, and when the height of the oil tea seedlings reaches more than 20 cm, they can be planted out.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in oil-tea grafting seedling cultivation.

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