Polishing device for space curved surface

Abstract

The invention discloses a space curved surface polishing device, and relates to the technical field of polishing devices, the space curved surface polishing device comprises a gear transmission box, a driving mechanism, telescopic mechanisms and a magnetic polishing head, the driving mechanism is connected to the upper portion of the gear transmission box, and a plurality of telescopic mechanisms are connected to a rotating shaft of the gear transmission box; a magnetic polishing head is arranged at the lower end of each telescopic mechanism, magnetic composite fluid is placed on the to-be-polished face, and the magnetic polishing heads can stretch out and draw back in a self-adaptive mode, are attached to the to-be-polished face and can adsorb the magnetic composite fluid. The magnetic composite fluid can be rapidly matched with workpieces with various curved surfaces, the number and the size of the polishing heads can be adjusted according to the sizes of the polished workpieces, and therefore the accuracy and the working efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polishing devices, and in particular to a polishing device for a spatial curved surface. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern science and technology, ultra-precision components are widely used in various fields, such as optical manufacturing, aerospace, electronics, communications, biomedicine, etc. With the development of science and technology, electronic technology, aerospace, national defense and military, biomedicine and other technical fields have put forward more stringent requirements on the surface quality of optical components. Polishing process is usually the last process of precision parts, which has the ability to improve the surface quality of parts and reduce surface roughness to ensure that the final parts that meet the work requirements are processed.

[0003] As an advanced polishing technology, magnetic composite fluid polishing technology has the advantages of easy control of polishing, high processing accuracy, stable processing quality and the ability to reduce surface defects, and has rapidly attracted the attention and research of various countries. Magnetic composite fluid has a large viscosity and can generate large pressure and shear force; at the same time, the particle dispersion of magnetic composite fluid is good and has good fluidity. It is a magnetic fluid with good industrial application prospects. Magnetic composite fluid (MCF) has excellent polishing performance. Magnetic composite fluid is a special particle composite material or soft condensed matter, which is formed by nano-scale magnetic small particles (such as Fe, Co and its oxides, etc.) dispersed in non-magnetic fluids (such as water, oil, polymers, etc.). This material has both the fluidity of liquid and the magnetism of solid magnetic materials, and is a new type of functional material. Magnetic composite fluid has no magnetic attraction when static, but it will show magnetism when an external magnetic field is applied.

[0004] However, existing curved surface polishing devices almost all use traditional polishing methods, which are prone to produce sub-surface damage layers and difficult to control material removal. These methods cannot meet the requirements of modern science and technology for high-precision components. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polishing device for spatial curved surfaces to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, so that magnetic abrasive particles can form a flexible polishing tool under the action of magnetic field and gravity, which can quickly adapt and polish workpieces with various curved surfaces.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a polishing device for a spatial curved surface, comprising a gear transmission box, a driving mechanism, a telescopic mechanism and a magnetic polishing head, wherein the driving mechanism is connected to the top of the gear transmission box, the gear transmission box is hung on a lifting frame, a plurality of the telescopic mechanisms are connected to the rotating shaft of the gear transmission box, the lower end of each telescopic mechanism is provided with the magnetic polishing head, a magnetic composite fluid is placed on the surface to be polished, the magnetic polishing head can adaptively telescope and fit the surface to be polished, and the magnetic polishing head can absorb the magnetic composite fluid.

[0008] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a motor and a speed regulator, the motor is connected to the speed regulator, and the motor is connected to the upper end of the input shaft of the gear transmission box through a pulley transmission mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the gear transmission box includes a box body, a box cover, gears, an input shaft and an output shaft, the box cover is connected to the box body by bolts, the bottom plate of the box body and the box cover are rotatably connected to one of the input shafts and several input shafts through bearings, the input shaft and the output shaft are each connected to a gear, the gears on the output shaft are meshed with the gears on the input shaft, all the gears are located in the box body, and the input shaft and the output shaft are each connected to the telescopic mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, three output shafts are evenly distributed along the circumference of the input shaft, the input shaft and the output shaft are connected to the gear via a key connection, and the bearing is a deep groove ball bearing.

[0011] Preferably, a shaft sleeve is provided between the bearing on the box cover and the gear, and the transmission ratio between the input shaft and the output shaft is 1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the input shaft and the output shaft are both hollow shafts and are both threadedly connected to a top cover on the top, the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic rod and a spring, the input shaft and the output shaft are respectively slidably mounted on the top of the telescopic rod, the lower end of the telescopic rod passes through the bottom plate of the box body, the spring is arranged between the telescopic rod and the top cover, and the input shaft and the output shaft are connected to the telescopic rod by a key.

[0013] Preferably, a keyway is provided on the telescopic rod, a slide groove is provided in each of the input shaft and the output shaft, a flat key is provided between the keyway and the slide groove, and the slide groove is at least 10 mm-50 mm longer than the flat key.

[0014] Preferably, the magnetic polishing head includes a polishing seat, a permanent magnet and a polishing head cap. The upper end of the polishing seat is connected to the telescopic rod of the telescopic mechanism by bolts, and the lower end is connected to the polishing head cap by bolts. A pair of slots should be provided in the polishing seat and the polishing head cap, and the slots contain a pair of permanent magnets.

[0015] Preferably, the permanent magnet is neodymium iron boron, a magnetic composite fluid is injected onto the permanent magnet, and the polishing head cap is made of iron.

[0016] Preferably, the magnetic composite fluid includes water-based magnetic fluid, carbonyl iron powder, abrasive particles and α-cellulose, the water-based magnetic fluid has an average particle size of 10 nm and a concentration of 40 wt.%, the carbonyl iron powder has an average particle size of 7 μm and a concentration of 45 wt.%, the abrasive particles have an average particle size of 1 μm and a concentration of 12 wt.%, and the α-cellulose has a concentration of 3 wt.%.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0018] The present invention utilizes magnetic composite fluid to quickly adapt to workpieces with various curved surfaces, and can adjust the number and size of polishing heads according to the size of the polished workpiece, thereby improving accuracy and work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a polishing device for a spatial curved surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a polishing device for a spatial curved surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of AA;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a polishing device for a spatial curved surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure: 1-box body, 2-box cover, 3-gear, 4-input shaft, 5-output shaft, 6-motor, 7-bolt, 8-bearing, 9-sleeve, 10-top cover, 11-telescopic rod, 12-spring, 13-slide, 14-flat key, 15-pulley transmission mechanism, 16-polishing seat, 17-permanent magnet, 18-polishing head cap, 19-magnetic composite fluid, 20-surface to be polished. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polishing device for spatial curved surfaces to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so that magnetic abrasive particles can form a flexible polishing tool under the action of magnetic field and gravity, which can quickly adapt and polish workpieces with various curved surfaces.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a polishing device for a spatial curved surface is provided, including a gear transmission box, a driving mechanism, a telescopic mechanism and a magnetic polishing head. The driving mechanism is connected to the top of the gear transmission box, and the gear transmission box is hung on a lifting frame. A plurality of telescopic mechanisms are connected to the rotating shaft of the gear transmission box. A magnetic polishing head is arranged at the lower end of each telescopic mechanism. A magnetic composite fluid 19 is placed on the surface to be polished 20. The magnetic polishing head can be adaptively telescopic and fit with the surface to be polished 20, and the magnetic polishing head can absorb the magnetic composite fluid 19. In this embodiment, a three-dimensional moving platform is arranged at the bottom of the lifting frame, and a workpiece clamping device is arranged on the three-dimensional moving platform. During the polishing process, the workpiece can be driven to move by the clamp to realize the polishing of different areas on the workpiece; at the same time, the magnetic polishing head formed by the magnetic composite fluid can be adaptively telescopic to realize the uniformity of polishing; the lifting frame can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction, thereby controlling the processing gap between the magnetic polishing head and the surface to be polished.

[0029] As an optional solution, the driving mechanism in this embodiment includes a motor 6 and a speed regulator. The motor 6 is connected to the speed regulator. The motor 6 is connected to the upper end of the input shaft 4 of the gear transmission box through a pulley transmission mechanism 15, so as to facilitate adjusting the rotation speed of the motor 6 and the magnetic polishing head as needed.

[0030] As an optional solution, the gear transmission box in this embodiment includes a box body 1, a box cover 2, a gear 3, an input shaft 4 and an output shaft 5. The box body 1 is connected to the box cover 2 by bolts 7. The bottom plate of the box body 1 and the box cover 2 are rotatably connected to an input shaft 4 and several input shafts 5 through bearings 8. The input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are connected to a gear 3. The gears 3 on the output shaft 5 are meshed with the gears 3 on the input shaft 4. All gears 3 are located in the box body 1. The input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are connected to a telescopic mechanism to achieve a one-drive-multiple-output effect. The input shaft 4 can also output the rotation speed.

[0031] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, three output shafts 5 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the input shaft 4, the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are connected to the gear 3 through a key connection, and the bearing 8 is a deep groove ball bearing. In this embodiment, the number and density of the output shafts 5 can be set according to the size of the polishing workpiece.

[0032] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, a sleeve 9 is provided between the bearing 8 on the cover 2 and the gear 3, and the transmission ratio between the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 is 1:1. In this embodiment, each gear 3 is preferably a cylindrical spur gear to ensure the reliability of transmission.

[0033] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are both hollow shafts and are both connected to a top cover 10 through threads on the top. The telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic rod 11 and a spring 12. The input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are respectively slidably sleeved on the top of a telescopic rod 11. The lower end of the telescopic rod 11 passes through the bottom plate of the box body 1. The spring 12 is provided between the telescopic rod 11 and the top cover 10. The input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are connected to the telescopic rod 11 through a key. By multiple polishing heads contacting the workpiece surface under the action of spring force, multiple parts of the workpiece surface can be polished at the same time, which not only realizes the applicability of the polishing device to polishing any curved surface, but also greatly improves the efficiency of curved surface polishing.

[0034] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, a key slot is provided on the telescopic rod 11, a slide slot 13 is provided in both the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5, a flat key 14 is provided between the key slot and the slide slot 13, the slide slot 13 is at least 10mm-50mm longer than the flat key 14, and the telescopic amount of the telescopic rod 11 is 10mm-50mm, thereby ensuring that the magnetic polishing head can be applied to various special-shaped surfaces.

[0035] As an optional solution, the magnetic polishing head in this embodiment includes a polishing seat 16, a permanent magnet 17 and a polishing head cap 18. The upper end of the polishing seat 16 is connected to the telescopic rod 11 of the telescopic mechanism by bolts 7, and the lower end is connected to the polishing head cap 18 by bolts 7. A pair of slots should be provided in the polishing seat 16 and the polishing head cap 18, and a pair of permanent magnets 17 are accommodated in the slots. In this embodiment, the telescopic rod 11 and the magnetic polishing head are driven to rotate by the gear transmission box, thereby realizing the dynamic change of the magnetic field on the magnetic polishing head, so that the abrasive particles arranged on the magnetic lines of force are rolled and updated, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the abrasive particles and improving the polishing efficiency. During the polishing process, different angles will be formed between the permanent magnets, and the magnetic field strength in the area between the magnets is not the same. In this area, under the action of the strong magnetic field, the flexible polishing head formed is forced to move relative to the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving the effect of the flexible polishing head polishing the surface of the workpiece.

[0036] As an optional solution, the permanent magnet 17 in this embodiment is neodymium iron boron, and a magnetic composite fluid 19 is also injected on the permanent magnet, and the material of the polishing head cap 18 includes iron. In this embodiment, magnets of different sizes can be set according to the size of the polishing workpiece. This embodiment uses three 1cm*1cm square neodymium iron boron magnets as an example. The number of magnets can be designed according to actual needs and appropriately increased or decreased. In this embodiment, three neodymium iron boron magnets are used as an example. A syringe is used to inject 3ml of the magnetic composite fluid 19 polishing liquid onto the magnet. Under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic composite fluid forms a flexible polishing head. The flexible polishing head continuously reciprocates on the surface of the workpiece to remove the surface material, continuously performs fine finishing on the surface of the workpiece, and improves the surface quality of the workpiece. The magnetic composite fluid 19 flexible polishing head plays a major role in the polishing process, and can be instantly and reversibly converted between Newtonian fluid and approximate solid. Due to this property, the flexible polishing head has no fixed form and can be effectively attached to the surface 20 to be polished, showing the potential to adapt to polishing of different curved surfaces.

[0037] The basic principle of the magnetic field assisted polishing process in this embodiment is to use the effect of the magnetic field to force the magnetic abrasive particles to form magnetic clusters along the magnetic lines of force under the action of the magnetic field, and the abrasive particles move to the area with weaker magnetic field strength under the dual action of gravity and magnetic buoyancy to form a flexible polishing tool. The flexible polishing tool moves relative to the surface of the workpiece, and material removal is achieved through the friction between the abrasive particles and the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving the polishing of the workpiece surface by the magnetic fluid. This flexible polishing tool is different from the traditional rigid polishing tool. It has a certain degree of flexibility and elasticity. During the polishing process, it can change with the changes in the processing surface, and is suitable for the polishing of planes, spherical surfaces and free-form surfaces.

[0038] As an optional solution, the magnetic composite fluid 19 in this embodiment includes water-based magnetic fluid, carbonyl iron powder, abrasive particles and α-cellulose. The average particle size of the water-based magnetic fluid is 10nm and the concentration is 40wt.%, the average particle size of the carbonyl iron powder is 7μm and the concentration is 45wt.%, the average particle size of the abrasive particles is 1μm and the concentration is 12wt.%, and the concentration of α-cellulose is 3wt.%. The carbonyl iron powder and ferroferric oxide in the magnetic composite fluid 19 are distributed along the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field under the action of the magnetic field, and the carbonyl iron powder and abrasive particles (Al2O3) are arranged on the surface to be polished 20 along the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet 17, and can flip with the change of the magnetic field lines. The magnetic abrasive particles are forced to form magnetic clusters along the magnetic field lines under the action of the magnetic field, and the abrasive particles move to the area with weaker magnetic field strength under the dual action of gravity and magnetic buoyancy to form a flexible polishing tool. Among them, carbonyl iron powder as magnetic particles will be arranged into a chain structure under the action of a magnetic field, and non-magnetic Al2O3 abrasive particles will be partially or completely wrapped in the chain structure. When the abrasive particles contact the surface of the workpiece and slide relative to each other, polishing can be achieved. For details, please refer to the following Table 1:

[0039] Table 1 Composition of magnetic composite fluid polishing liquid

[0040]

[0041] The processing process and principle of the polishing device for the space curved surface in this embodiment are as follows: the motor 6 drives the input shaft 4 to rotate through the pulley transmission mechanism 15, and then drives the multiple output shafts 5 and the polishing heads at the lower ends thereof to rotate through the gear transmission. Since the polishing heads are located on the retractable telescopic rod 11 and can be retracted in the axial direction, the multiple polishing heads can be attached to different surfaces to be polished 20 under the thrust of the spring 12 during operation to adapt to the polishing of different curved surfaces. When the motor 6 is started, the polishing heads and the permanent magnets rotate, generating a changing dynamic magnetic field in the working space, and the magnetic composite fluid 19 forms a flexible cluster structure under the action of the magnetic field, and the abrasive particles are arranged along the magnetic lines of force, and micro-cutting is performed at the place in contact with the processing surface. With the reciprocating motion of the permanent magnet, the magnetic field distribution changes continuously, and the abrasive particles in contact with the processing surface are continuously updated, thereby achieving the polishing effect.

[0042] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A polishing device for a spatial curved surface, characterized in that: It includes a gear transmission box, a driving mechanism, a telescopic mechanism and a magnetic polishing head. The driving mechanism is connected to the top of the gear transmission box. The gear transmission box is hung on a lifting frame. A plurality of telescopic mechanisms are connected to the rotating shaft of the gear transmission box. The lower end of each telescopic mechanism is provided with the magnetic polishing head. A magnetic composite fluid is placed on the surface to be polished. The magnetic polishing head can adaptively telescope and fit the surface to be polished. The magnetic polishing head can absorb the magnetic composite fluid.

2. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a motor and a speed regulator, the motor is connected to the speed regulator, and the motor is connected to the upper end of the input shaft of the gear transmission box through a pulley transmission mechanism.

3. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear transmission box includes a box body, a box cover, gears, an input shaft and an output shaft. The box cover is connected to the box body by bolts. The bottom plate of the box body and the box cover are rotatably connected to an input shaft and a plurality of input shafts through bearings. The input shaft and the output shaft are each connected to a gear. The gears on the output shaft are meshed with the gears on the input shaft. All gears are located in the box body. The input shaft and the output shaft are each connected to a telescopic mechanism.

4. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: Three output shafts are evenly distributed along the circumference of the input shaft. The input shaft and the output shaft are connected to the gear via a key connection. The bearing is a deep groove ball bearing.

5. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: A shaft sleeve is arranged between the bearing on the box cover and the gear, and the transmission ratio between the input shaft and the output shaft is 1:

1.

6. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: The input shaft and the output shaft are both hollow shafts and are both threadedly connected to a top cover at the top. The telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic rod and a spring. The input shaft and the output shaft are respectively slidably sleeved on the top of the telescopic rod. The lower end of the telescopic rod passes through the bottom plate of the box body. The spring is arranged between the telescopic rod and the top cover. The input shaft and the output shaft are connected to the telescopic rod through a key.

7. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 6, characterized in that: The telescopic rod is provided with a keyway, the input shaft and the output shaft are both provided with a slideway, a flat key is provided between the keyway and the slideway, and the slideway is at least 10mm-50mm longer than the flat key.

8. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic polishing head includes a polishing seat, a permanent magnet and a polishing head cap. The upper end of the polishing seat is connected to the telescopic rod of the telescopic mechanism by bolts, and the lower end is connected to the polishing head cap by bolts. A pair of slots should be provided in the polishing seat and the polishing head cap, and the slots contain a pair of permanent magnets.

9. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 8, characterized in that: The permanent magnet is neodymium iron boron, a magnetic composite fluid is injected onto the permanent magnet, and the polishing head cap is made of iron.

10. The polishing device for a spatial curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic composite fluid includes water-based magnetic fluid, carbonyl iron powder, abrasive particles and α-cellulose. The water-based magnetic fluid has an average particle size of 10 nm and a concentration of 40 wt.%, the carbonyl iron powder has an average particle size of 7 μm and a concentration of 45 wt.%, the abrasive particles have an average particle size of 1 μm and a concentration of 12 wt.%, and the α-cellulose concentration is 3 wt.%.

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