Novel hybrid fiber composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance protective composite materials, in particular to a novel hybrid fiber composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The novel hybrid fiber composite material comprises an energy buffer layer, a shear protective layer, a tensile reinforcing layer and a deformation energy absorption layer which are sequentially stacked, the energy buffer layer is made of a tough aramid fiber-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material, the shear protection layer is made of a high-performance carbon fiber / TPU composite material, the tensile enhancement layer is made of a tough aramid fiber / TPU composite material, and the deformation energy absorption layer is made of a tough ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material. The novel hybrid fiber composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good wear resistance and good protection performance, and has wide application prospects and market values in the fields of aerospace structural members, high-end equipment, protection devices and the like needing to bear high stress, high impact and complex loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-performance protective composite materials, and in particular to a novel hybrid fiber composite material, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-performance fiber composite materials play a vital role in the field of protection with their excellent light weight, high strength, high toughness, and excellent impact and cut resistance. This type of material is mainly made of high-performance fibers (such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.) and matrix materials such as resin through precision processing. It not only has excellent physical and mechanical properties, but also has good environmental adaptability and weather resistance. It has been widely used in personal protective equipment such as bulletproof vests, helmets, and protective gear, as well as protective armor and shells of military equipment. The characteristics of light weight and high strength can reduce the load and improve combat flexibility; high strength and high toughness can effectively resist high-speed impact loads such as bullets and explosions, protecting personal safety and equipment safety; good wear resistance and cut resistance prevent scratches from sharp objects, further improving the protection effect.

[0003] Traditional high-performance protective composite materials are made of aramid fibers and thermosetting materials such as epoxy resin and vinyl resin. The toughness of thermosetting resins is poor. After curing, the molecules are cross-linked to form a three-dimensional network structure. When subjected to impact loads, it is difficult for the matrix material to absorb and dissipate impact energy by deformation and other means, and it is easy to cause brittle fracture and unable to transfer the load to the fiber, which greatly limits the shear and tensile energy absorption effect of the fiber. Studies have shown that by mixing modified fibers, high-strength and high-toughness composite materials can be obtained to improve the protective performance of high-performance fiber composite materials. Chinese patent CN202410827236.6 discloses a lightweight, highly flame-retardant and high-speed fragmentation-proof composite layer, which requires aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers to be mixed and woven, and the molding process is complex and the conditions are harsh. Chinese patent CN202410885404.7 discloses a lightweight anti-ballistic and explosion-proof composite armor for helicopters, which mixes and weaves carbon fibers and aramid fibers and uses epoxy resin to prepare a composite layer, but it is heavy and has poor anti-ballistic performance. Chinese patent CN202211349323.2 discloses a lightweight impact-resistant composite material plate imitating hedgehog thorn microstructure and its preparation method. Although it alleviates the local stress concentration caused by the sudden change of the properties of heterogeneous materials, its structure is complex and the preparation is relatively troublesome. The new hybrid fiber composite material described in the present invention is prepared by an integrated gradient hot pressing molding process of a hybrid layer of rigid carbon fiber, tough aramid fiber, flexible ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin (TPU), and adopts plasma modification (improving interlayer bonding force and friction energy) and unique structural design (1-energy buffer layer, 2-shear protection layer, 3-tensile reinforcement layer and 4-deformation energy absorption layer) to achieve the advantages of lightweight, efficient energy absorption and efficient protection. It has a good application prospect in the fields of aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment, protective devices, etc., and provides a strong guarantee for improving the combat effectiveness and protection capabilities of the army. Summary of the invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a new type of hybrid fiber composite material, which has light weight, high strength, good wear resistance and protective performance, and has broad application prospects and market value in fields that need to withstand high stress, high impact and complex loads.

[0005] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a novel hybrid fiber composite material, wherein the fiber plain weave fabric is subjected to plasma modification treatment to increase the roughness of the fiber and the friction between the yarns. A large number of hydroxyl groups are present on the surface of the modified fiber, which are easy to form hydrogen bonds with the highly polar urea group (-NHCONH-), amide group (-NHCO-) ​​and imine group (-NH-) in TPU during integrated gradient hot pressing molding, thereby promoting physical crosslinking, making the fiber and the resin tightly combined, and improving the interlayer bonding force and friction energy of the hybrid fiber composite material.

[0006] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of a novel hybrid fiber composite material.

[0007] The solution adopted by the present invention to achieve one of the purposes is: a new type of hybrid fiber composite material, the new type of hybrid fiber composite material includes an energy buffer layer, a shear protection layer, a tensile reinforcement layer and a deformation energy absorption layer stacked in sequence, the energy buffer layer is a tough aramid fiber-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material, the shear protection layer is a high-performance carbon fiber / TPU composite material, the tensile reinforcement layer is a tough aramid fiber / TPU composite material, and the deformation energy absorption layer is a flexible ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material.

[0008] Preferably, the total thickness of the novel hybrid fiber composite material is 8-10 mm, wherein the energy buffer layer has a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm, the shear protection layer has a thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm, the tensile reinforcement layer has a thickness of 3.5-4.5 mm, and the deformation energy absorption layer has a thickness of 1-1.5 mm.

[0009] The solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the second purpose is: a method for preparing the novel hybrid fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) drying the aramid fiber plain fabric, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, the carbon fiber plain fabric, and the high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film for standby use;

[0011] (2) subjecting the fiber plain fabric in step (1) to plasma treatment to obtain a modified plain fabric;

[0012] (3) Laying the modified plain fabric in step (2) according to the energy buffer layer, the shear protection layer, the tensile reinforcement layer, and the deformation energy absorption layer,

[0013] The energy buffer layer is 1-4 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric or 1-4 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric or 1-4 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric in random layers, the shear protection layer is 4-6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, the tensile reinforcement layer is 11-15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, the deformation energy absorption layer is 2-6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and a high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is inserted between each layer of modified plain fabric;

[0014] (4) The raw materials of the mixed layer in step (3) are subjected to an integrated gradient hot pressing process to prepare the novel mixed fiber composite material.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the thickness of a single layer of carbon fiber plain fabric is 0.3-0.5 mm, the thickness of a single layer of aramid fiber plain fabric is 0.2-0.4 mm, the thickness of a single layer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the thickness of a single layer of high elasticity thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is 0.05-0.15 mm.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the drying conditions are: drying temperature 40-60° C., and drying time 2-5 h.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), a dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment device is used, cooling water is introduced to suppress heat accumulation during discharge, and the plasma treatment conditions are: plate spacing 15 mm, radio frequency electric field frequency 13.56 MHz, plasma power 4 kW, and discharge time 20-50 s.

[0018] Preferably, in step (4), the integrated gradient hot pressing molding process conditions are: the first heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 90-100°C, pressure 2-4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h, to promote the initial infiltration between the high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film and the plain fabric layer; the second heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 105-115°C, pressure 5-7MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h, to further promote the infiltration and bonding between the high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film and the plain fabric layer; the third heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 120-130°C, pressure 9-11MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h, so that the high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is completely melted and infiltrated into each layer of plain fabric; stop heating, pass circulating cooling water to maintain pressure for 1h, and release the pressure to obtain a mixed fiber composite material.

[0019] The solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the third purpose is: an application of the new hybrid fiber composite material to the fields of aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment, and protective devices.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0021] The novel hybrid fiber composite material described in the present invention consists of an energy buffer layer, a shear protection layer, a tensile reinforcement layer and a deformation energy absorption layer. The energy buffer layer is a tough aramid fiber-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material, which disperses the impact load energy by buffering energy absorption and alleviates stress concentration; the shear protection layer is a high-performance carbon fiber / TPU composite material, which resists the shear force generated by the impact load and alleviates shear deformation; the tensile reinforcement layer is a tough aramid fiber / TPU composite material, which alleviates the impact load by the tensile effect of the tough fiber and improves the protection performance; the deformation energy absorption layer is a flexible ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material, which causes the composite material to deform, promotes the conversion of impact load energy into strain energy, friction energy and dissipated energy, and improves energy absorption and protection performance.

[0022] The novel hybrid fiber composite material of the present invention is prepared by an integrated gradient hot pressing process of a hybrid layer of rigid carbon fiber (C), tough aramid fiber (K), flexible ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (U) and a high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin (TPU). The carbon fiber, aramid fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber are treated by plasma modification to increase the roughness of the fiber and the friction between yarns. A large number of hydroxyl groups exist on the surface of the modified fiber, which are easy to form hydrogen bonds with the polar urea group (-NHCONH-), amide group (-NHCO-) ​​and imine group (-NH-) in TPU during the integrated gradient hot pressing, promoting physical cross-linking, so that the fiber and the resin are closely combined, and the interlayer bonding force and friction energy of the hybrid fiber composite material are improved.

[0023] The novel hybrid fiber composite material described in the present invention has light weight and high strength as well as good wear resistance and protective performance, and has broad application prospects and market value in aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment, protective devices and other fields that need to withstand high stress, high impact and complex loads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the novel hybrid fiber composite material of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure, 1-energy buffer layer, 2-shear protection layer, 3-tensile reinforcement layer and 4-deformation energy absorption layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0027] The carbon fiber plain weave fabric in the present invention is provided by Zhongfu Shenying Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd., the aramid fiber plain weave fabric is provided by Yantai Taihe New Materials Co., Ltd., the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain weave fabric is purchased from Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd., and the high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane film is purchased from Huizhou Jianli Environmental Protection New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 5h, and take them out for use. Plasma treatment of fiber plain fabric: the plate spacing is 15mm, the radio frequency electric field frequency is 13.56MHz, the plasma power is 4kW, and the discharge time is 20s. The modified plain fabric is layered in sequence according to 1-energy buffer layer, 1 layer of aramid fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer, 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer, 14 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is added between each layer of modified plain fabric, and the layers are evenly aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 100℃, pressure 3MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 115℃, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 120℃, pressure 11MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (K1C6K 14 U6). The obtained K1C6K 14 The surface density of U6 composite material is 10.92kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.11mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 343.8m / s, and the energy absorption is 483.7J.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 60℃ oven for 3h, and take them out for use. Plasma treatment of fiber plain fabric: the plate spacing is 15mm, the radio frequency electric field frequency is 13.56MHz, the plasma power is 4kW, and the discharge time is 35s. The modified plain fabric is layered in sequence according to 1-energy buffer layer with 3 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer with 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer with 12 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer with 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and add a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film between each layer of modified plain fabric, and lay them flat and aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing molding process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 95°C, pressure 4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 115°C, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 125°C, pressure 10MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (K3C6K 12 U6). The obtained K3C6K 12 The surface density of U6 composite material is 10.94kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.14mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 340.6m / s, and the energy absorption is 488.0J.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 40℃ oven for 3h, and take them out for use. Plasma treatment of fiber plain fabric: plate spacing 15mm, radio frequency electric field frequency 13.56MHz, plasma power 4kW, discharge time 40s. The modified plain fabric is layered in sequence according to 1-energy buffer layer with 2 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric and 1 layer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer with 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer with 13 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer with 5 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and add a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film between each layer of modified plain fabric, and lay them flat and aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing molding process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 100℃, pressure 4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 115℃, pressure 7MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 130℃, pressure 10MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (K2U1C6K 13 U5). The obtained K2U1C6K 13 The surface density of U5 composite material is 10.94kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.15mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 342.2m / s, and the energy absorption is 487.8J.

[0034] Example 4

[0035] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 2h, and take them out for use. Plasma treatment of fiber plain fabric: the plate spacing is 15mm, the radio frequency electric field frequency is 13.56MHz, the plasma power is 4kW, and the discharge time is 45s. The modified plain fabric is layered in sequence according to 1-energy buffer layer with 2 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer with 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer with 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer with 5 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and add a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film between each layer of modified plain fabric, and lay them flat and aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing molding process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 90℃, pressure 3MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 115℃, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 120℃, pressure 9MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (U2C6K 15 U4). The obtained U2C6K 15 The surface density of U4 composite material is 10.95kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.13mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 342.9m / s, and the energy absorption is 485.8J.

[0036] Example 5

[0037] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 3h, and take them out for use. The fiber plain fabric is plasma treated: the plate spacing is 15mm, the radio frequency electric field frequency is 13.56MHz, the plasma power is 4kW, and the discharge time is 50s. The modified plain fabric is layered in sequence according to 1-energy buffer layer with 4 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer with 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer with 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer with 2 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is added between each layer of plain fabric, and the layers are evenly aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing molding process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 95℃, pressure 2MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 105℃, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 125℃, pressure 11MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (U4C6K 15 U2). The obtained U4C6K 15 The surface density of U2 composite material is 10.93kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.13mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 340.3m / s, and the energy absorption is 488.4J.

[0038] Example 6

[0039] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 40℃ oven for 3h, and take them out for use. The fiber plain fabric is plasma treated: the plate spacing is 15mm, the radio frequency electric field frequency is 13.56MHz, the plasma power is 4kW, and the discharge time is 20s. The modified plain fabric is layered in sequence according to 1-energy buffer layer with 2 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 2 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer with 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer with 13 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer with 4 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is added between each layer of modified plain fabric, and the layers are evenly aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 100℃, pressure 4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 115℃, pressure 5MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 130℃, pressure 10MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (U2K2C6K 13 U4). The obtained U2K2C6K 13 The surface density of U4 composite material is 10.94kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.12mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 341.2m / s, and the energy absorption is 491.2J.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Prepare 27 layers of aramid fiber plain fabrics with a size of 300mm×300mm and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 4h, and take them out for use. Add a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film between each layer of aramid fiber plain fabric, and lay them flat and aligned. An integrated gradient hot pressing molding process is adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 100℃, pressure 3MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 110℃, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 120℃, pressure 10MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; stop heating, pass circulating cooling water to maintain pressure for 1h, and release the pressure to obtain an aramid fiber composite material (K 27 The obtained K 27 The surface density of the composite material is 11.45 kg / m 2, thickness is 8.22mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 350.5m / s, and the energy absorption is 474.3J.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 5h, and take them out for use. Lay 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, and 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric in sequence, and add a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film between each layer of plain fabric, and lay them flat and aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 100℃, pressure 3MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 110℃, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 120℃, pressure 10MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (C6K 15 U6). The obtained C6K 15 The surface density of U6 composite material is 10.94kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.12mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 346.9m / s, and the energy absorption is 480.1J.

[0044] Comparative Example 3

[0045] Prepare 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric and 26 layers of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film with a size of 300mm×300mm, dry them in a 60℃ oven for 3h, and take them out for use. Lay the plain fabric in the following order: 1-energy buffer layer is 3 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 2-shear protection layer is 6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, 3-tensile reinforcement layer is 12 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 4-deformation energy absorption layer is 6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and add a layer of high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film between each layer of modified plain fabric, and lay them flat and aligned. The integrated gradient hot pressing molding process was adopted: the first heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 95°C, pressure 4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 115°C, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions were: hot pressing temperature 125°C, pressure 10MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the heating was stopped, circulating cooling water was introduced to maintain pressure for 1h, and the pressure was released to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material (K3C6K 12 U6). The obtained K3C6K 12 The surface density of U6 composite material is 10.91kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.15mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 0.8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back surface is 345.8m / s, and the energy absorption is 480.8J.

[0046] Table 1 Performance parameters of the hybrid fiber composite materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0047]

[0048] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the energy absorption of the embodiments is improved compared with that of the comparative examples, among which the energy absorption effect of Example 6 is the best, which is 491.2 J. This shows that plasma treatment, fiber mixing and plying sequence can make the invention show better energy absorption effect in multiple experiments, which fully proves the practical and innovative value of the invention patent. The invention not only improves the energy absorption performance, but also provides an important reference for the technical upgrading and application expansion of related fields, showing broad application prospects and potential social value.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and changes can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and changes are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel hybrid fiber composite material, characterized in that: The novel hybrid fiber composite material comprises an energy buffer layer, a shear protection layer, a tensile reinforcement layer and a deformation energy absorption layer stacked in sequence, wherein the energy buffer layer is a tough aramid fiber-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material, the shear protection layer is a high-performance carbon fiber / TPU composite material, the tensile reinforcement layer is a tough aramid fiber / TPU composite material, and the deformation energy absorption layer is a flexible ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber / TPU composite material.

2. The novel hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total thickness of the novel hybrid fiber composite material is 8-10 mm, wherein the energy buffer layer has a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm, the shear protection layer has a thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm, the tensile reinforcement layer has a thickness of 3.5-4.5 mm, and the deformation energy absorption layer has a thickness of 1-1.5 mm.

3. A method for preparing the novel hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) drying the aramid fiber plain fabric, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, the carbon fiber plain fabric, and the high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film for standby use; (2) subjecting the fiber plain fabric in step (1) to plasma treatment to obtain a modified plain fabric; (3) Laying the modified plain fabric in step (2) according to the energy buffer layer, the shear protection layer, the tensile reinforcement layer, and the deformation energy absorption layer, The energy buffer layer is 1-4 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric or 1-4 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric or 1-4 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric in random layers, the shear protection layer is 4-6 layers of carbon fiber plain fabric, the tensile reinforcement layer is 11-15 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, the deformation energy absorption layer is 2-6 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric, and a high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is inserted between each layer of modified plain fabric; (4) The raw materials of the mixed layer in step (3) are subjected to an integrated gradient hot pressing process to prepare the novel mixed fiber composite material.

4. The method for preparing the novel hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the thickness of the single-layer carbon fiber plain fabric is 0.3-0.5 mm, the thickness of the single-layer aramid fiber plain fabric is 0.2-0.4 mm, the thickness of the single-layer ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plain fabric is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the thickness of the single-layer high elastic thermoplastic polyurethane resin film is 0.05-0.15 mm.

5. The method for preparing the novel hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the drying conditions are: drying temperature 40-60° C., and drying time 2-5 h.

6. The method for preparing the novel hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (2), a dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment device is used, and cooling water is introduced to suppress heat accumulation during discharge. The plasma treatment conditions are: plate spacing 15 mm, radio frequency electric field frequency 13.56 MHz, plasma power 4 kW, and discharge time 20-50 s.

7. The method for preparing the novel hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (4), the integrated gradient hot pressing molding process conditions are: the first heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 90-100°C, pressure 2-4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 105-115°C, pressure 5-7MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 120-130°C, pressure 9-11MPa, heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h, stop heating, pass circulating cooling water to maintain pressure for 1-2h, and release the pressure to obtain a mixed fiber composite material.

8. Use of the novel hybrid fiber composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the novel hybrid fiber composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The new hybrid fiber composite materials will be used in the fields of aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment, and protective devices.

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