A quenching tooling for ball bearings

Abstract

The present invention discloses a quenching tooling for ball bearings, which relates to the technical field of quenching tooling and includes a bearing plate. The bearing plate is regularly and arrayedly composed of a plate base and a bearing base. A positioning flange is arranged on the top of the bearing base. A plurality of groups of positioning plates are also coupled to the top of the bearing base. A vertically arranged through hole is opened on the bearing base directly below the positioning plates. Spray holes are opened on the bearing base and are distributed in a circumferential array. When the bearing plate moves downward, the spray holes generate compressed water columns to impact the lower end surface of the bearing ring. The positioning flange, the positioning plates, and the spray holes are all circumferentially distributed around the same axis. For this quenching tooling for ball bearings, by setting structures such as steel cables, positioning plates, positioning flanges, spray holes, and bearing bases, during the process of the bearing ring moving downward in the coolant along with the bearing plate, the impact generated by the water flow and the balance of buoyancy and gravity are used to make the bearing ring float, thereby avoiding the surface of the bearing ring being blocked during the cooling process, which affects the heat exchange efficiency and generates temperature differences.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of quenching tooling, and particularly to a quenching tooling for ball bearings. Background Art

[0002] Quenching is a heat treatment process. For the quenching of steel, the steel is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel), held for a period of time to fully or partially austenitize it, and then rapidly cooled to below Ms (or isothermally near Ms) at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate for martensite (or bainite) transformation heat treatment process.

[0003] Since the balls inside the ball bearing roll back and forth, a certain wear resistance and hardness are required. Therefore, ball bearings generally need to be quenched. The existing quenching method is to directly send the workpiece into the coolant through the tooling after heating and let it stand in the coolant for a certain time to complete cooling. However, this method has certain defects. First, when the tooling carries the bearing ring, there will be a certain contact surface with the surface of the bearing ring. Because quenching requires rapid cooling, the surface at the contact between the tooling and the bearing ring will have a relatively slower cooling rate, and at the same time, a temperature difference will be formed between the surface at the contact and the non-contact surface, affecting the quenching effect. Second, when the tooling is static in the coolant, the coolant near the bearing ring will have its temperature rise due to heat exchange, resulting in a decrease in the heat exchange rate, which to a certain extent affects the quenching effect. Third, if they are directly stacked on the tooling, the cooling rate is slow and temperature differences will also be generated between the bearing rings in contact with each other. If they are placed, due to the high-temperature state of the bearing rings, the efficiency is low and the air-cooling time will be too long, resulting in temperature reduction. If the tooling is directly transferred from the heating equipment to the coolant, the tooling itself will also exchange heat with the coolant, making the coolant temperature near the bearing ring even higher. For this reason, we propose a quenching tooling for ball bearings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quenching tooling for ball bearings to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A quenching tooling for ball bearings, including a bearing plate, the bearing plate is regularly arrayed by a plate base and a bearing base, the upper surface of the bearing base is lower than the upper surface of the plate base, and positioning flanges are evenly arranged along the circumference at the top of the bearing base, the highest point of the top of the positioning flange is flush with the upper surface of the plate base, the positioning flange is used to limit the horizontal position of the bearing ring, and a plurality of groups of positioning plates are also coupled to the top of the bearing base, the positioning plates are evenly arranged circumferentially on the bearing base, and through holes vertically arranged are opened on the bearing base directly below the positioning plates. When the positioning plates move down in the coolant with the bearing plate, the coolant pushes and lifts the positioning plates, so that one end of the positioning plates moves towards the center of the circle surrounded by the positioning plates and upward. The lifted positioning plates form an annular limit above the bearing base to limit the spatial range of the bearing ring. Spray holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the bearing base, and the axis of a single spray hole is coplanar with the axis surrounded by the circumferential array of the spray holes. The spray holes penetrate through the upper and lower end faces of the bearing base, and when the bearing plate moves down, the spray holes generate compressed water columns to impact the lower end face of the bearing ring. The positioning flange, the positioning plates and the spray holes are all circumferentially distributed around the same axis.

[0006] Preferably, a through groove is also vertically opened on the bearing base, the axis of the through groove is coaxial with the circumferential axis surrounded by the spray holes, the diameter of the through groove decreases upward along the vertical direction, and a plurality of spiral ribs are evenly arranged along the circumference on the inner wall of the through groove. When the bearing plate moves down, the spiral ribs generate spiral water columns.

[0007] Preferably, the spray holes are divided into multiple groups, and each group is alternately arranged at intervals, and the included angles between the axes of single spray holes in different groups and the circumferential axis surrounded by the spray hole array are different.

[0008] Preferably, the spray holes are divided into three groups, one of which has an axis parallel to the vertical direction, and the other two groups are respectively oriented towards the inside and outside with the circumferential surface formed by the spray holes with axes vertically upward as the reference.

[0009] Preferably, the top diameter of the spray holes with axes vertically upward is larger than the other two groups.

[0010] Preferably, a steel cable is connected between the positioning end face of the positioning flange and the top of the bearing base, and the connection point between the steel cable and the bearing base is located within the circumferential range formed by the spray holes. The steel cable is used to carry the bearing ring so that its initial state is above the spray holes.

[0011] Preferably, the bearing plate is composed of two upper and lower layers, namely plate one and plate two. Avoidance holes are opened on plate one above the bearing base, and the positioning flange is fixed to the inner wall of the avoidance holes. Plate one is liftably arranged on plate two.

[0012] Preferably, the upper edge of the positioning end of the positioning flange has a rounded transition.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] By setting structures such as steel cables, positioning plates, positioning flanges, spray holes, and bearing bases, the present invention realizes that during the process of the bearing ring moving downward in the coolant along with the bearing plate, the impact generated by the water flow and the balance of buoyancy and gravity cause the bearing ring to float, thereby avoiding the surface of the bearing ring being blocked during the cooling process, which affects the heat transfer efficiency and generates temperature differences.

[0015] The setting method of the bearing base of the present invention can achieve the rapid loading of the bearing ring, thereby avoiding excessive temperature reduction due to staying in the air during the transfer process.

[0016] The tooling of the present invention makes the coolant form a tornado shape, thereby improving the fluidity of the coolant and thus improving the heat transfer efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure taken along line A-A in

[0019] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic enlarged view of the structure in area B in

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another distribution state of the bearing base positions;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the top view state structure of a single bearing base on plate two;

[0022] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the positioning flange on a single bearing base on plate one;

[0023] Figure 7 is an unfolded schematic diagram of the positioning plate on the bearing base;

[0024] Figure 8 is Figure 7 a side view of

[0025] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of the positioning plate;

[0026] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the state change of the steel cable before and after bearing the bearing ring;

[0027] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the overlapping state of three groups of different spray holes;

[0028] Figure 12Schematic diagram of the impact state of three groups of spray holes.

[0029] In the figure: 1 - bearing plate; 2 - positioning flange; 3 - positioning plate; 4 - steel cable; 5 - avoidance hole; a1 - plate one; a2 - plate two; 101 - plate base; 102 - bearing base; 1021 - through hole; 1022 - spray hole; 1023 - through groove; 1024 - spiral rib. Specific embodiments

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a quenching tooling for ball bearings, including a bearing plate 1. The bearing plate 1 is composed of two parts, namely a plate base 101 and a bearing base 102, which can be integrated or separately provided and fixed. The bearing base 102 is preferably circular, and the bearing base 102 is arranged in a matrix in two directions (horizontal and vertical) on the plate base 101, or as Figure 4 shown, staggered in different rows and columns, and can be selected according to the diameter of the ring of the applicable ball bearing, so that the more bearing bases 102 arranged on the plate base 101, the better. The plate base 101 is provided with weight-reducing holes in the gaps between the bearing bases 102 to reduce the overall mass;

[0032] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 , the positioning flange 2 is arranged directly above the bearing base 101. The upper surface of the bearing base 101 is the bearing area of the bearing ring. The positioning flanges 2 are arranged in a circumferential array, and the surface on the side close to the axis of the array circumference is the positioning surface. The positioning surfaces of the positioning flanges 2 form a circular area, which can limit the movement of the bearing ring in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction refers to the horizontal plane from the perspective of Figure 2 where it is located. The highest point or surface of the top of the positioning flange 2 is flush with the upper surface of the plate base 101. Similarly, the upper surface here is also Figure 2For the perspective, it will not be elaborated later. There is a height difference between the positioning flange 2 and the bearing base 102, which facilitates the rapid arrival of the bearing ring at the positioning area. That is, only by stacking the bearing rings on the plate base 101 and then moving the plate base 101 back and forth, the bearing rings can automatically enter into it. The upper surface of the bearing base 102 that already has a bearing ring entering will obstruct other bearing rings, enabling rapid loading. Additionally, one end of the bearing plate 1 can be tilted at a certain angle, such as 5 - 10°, and then the heated bearing rings are directly conveyed at the higher end. During the sliding process, the bearing rings enter onto the upper surfaces of the respective bearing bases 102. This is another way to achieve rapid loading;

[0033] Refer to Figure Figure 5 and Figure 7 , there is a circularly distributed spray hole 1022 provided on the bearing base 102. The spray hole 1022 is a hole groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing base 102 and is upward along the vertical direction. The diameter of the spray hole 1022 decreases, that is, the spray hole 1022 is a downward-facing trumpet-shaped conical hole. The function of the cone is to compress the water flow, making the flow rate of the water flow ejected from the spray hole 1022 faster, generating an impact, thereby lifting the bearing ring from the bottom and suspending the bearing ring in the coolant;

[0034] Refer to Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and as Figure 9 , the function of the positioning plate 3 is to restrict the movement of the bearing ring in the up and down directions. That is, the suspended bearing ring may deviate from the range restricted by the bearing base 102 and the positioning flange 2. After exceeding the range, it may fall to the surrounding areas and not be above the spray hole 1022, losing the thrust and thus unable to achieve the suspension effect. Therefore, the positioning plate 3 is used to restrict the spatial position of the bearing ring so that its movement range in the up, down, left, and right directions is limited, so that it is always above the spray hole 1022 and receives the thrust. There are at least three groups of the positioning plates 3. Three points determine a circle. Preferably, there are 4 groups, 5 groups, or 6 groups. Because the angle between two adjacent positioning plates 3 is too large, the bearing ring can partially protrude, so there is still a high possibility of large deviation. Therefore, 5 groups with a more balanced setting are used to make the positioning more accurate. The positioning plate 3 is in a horizontal state in the initial state and is stored on the bearing base 102. As the bearing plate 1 moves downward, the water flow lifts the positioning plate 3 through the through hole 1021. After that, the positioning plate 3 continuously receives the lifting force of the water flow, realizing the upward movement in the direction of the center line of the bearing base 102. For example, the positioning plate 3 is in an L shape, and one end is connected to the bearing base 102 by a hinged method. Due to the reasons of the thrust and the force application point of the L shape, the positioning plate 3 deflects in the above-mentioned direction, and a limit is set on the bearing base 102 to guide the deflection direction. Preferably, as Figure 9As shown in the figure, one end of the connecting rod is axially connected to the bearing base 102, and the axial direction of the connecting rod is along the radial direction of the ring formed by the positioning flange 2. The end close to the center is rotationally connected by a shaft. The positioning plate 3 is sleeved on the connecting rod and is provided with a limit to restrict the maximum rotation angle of the positioning plate 3. The advantage of using the connecting rod is that the sequence of rotation can be achieved, that is, the positioning plate 3 rotates first, and then after reaching the maximum angle, it still exerts force to make the connecting rod rotate the roller, and the direction is stable.

[0035] Specifically, when the bearing ring is placed on the bearing base 102, after the carrier plate 1 is placed in the coolant by a lifting tool, the upward water flow lifts the positioning plate 3. Since the positioning plate 3 has a small mass and a large cross-section, the lifting speed is fast, while the bearing ring slowly rises under the action of the spray holes 1022. As the bearing ring moves up a certain distance, the thrust, buoyancy and other forces acting on the bearing ring in the up and down directions are balanced, and a complete suspension effect can be achieved. Because the liquid flow is not completely regular, the bearing ring floats within the restricted space formed by the upper surface of the bearing base 102, the positioning surface of the positioning flange 2 and the positioning plate 3. Suspension enables all surfaces of the bearing ring to be immersed in the coolant without being blocked, resulting in high heat transfer efficiency and no temperature difference at the same time.

[0036] Refer to Figure Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 7 In Embodiment 2, on the basis of the previous embodiment, a through groove 1023 is provided. The through groove 1023 is opened at the center of the bearing base 102. The inner surface of the through groove 102 is conical, and a spiral rib 1024 is also provided on its inner surface. The spiral rib 102 causes the coolant to generate a spiral flow when flowing, thereby forming a rotating water column. The rotation of the water column can improve the stability of the bearing ring, that is, similar to a gyroscope, it achieves stability in one direction through rotation. The vertically upward water flow rotates and drives the bearing ring to rotate, thereby stabilizing the position of the bearing ring and keeping it always directly above the spray holes 1022, thus maintaining the suspension effect stably.

[0037] Refer to Figure 7 and Figure 11 In Embodiment 3, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the spray holes 1022 are set in multiple groups, and each group of spray holes 1022 is alternately arranged. The axes of different groups of spray holes 1022 do not overlap in the circumferential direction. That is, in the top view state as shown in Figure 7 In the figure, the state of two groups of spray holes 1022 is shown. One group is biased towards the inner circumference and the other group is biased towards the outer circumference. Its function is to expand the acting surface of the generated thrust, so that the bearing ring can have a larger movement range in the horizontal direction and can maintain stable suspension, improving the overall suspension stability range. Multiple groups can achieve a more balanced thrust and form a thrust surface to maintain suspension stability.

[0038] Further, in the fourth embodiment, multiple sets of spray holes 1022 are provided on the basis of the second embodiment. The thrust stability of the multiple sets of spray holes 1022 cooperates with the axial stability of the through groove 1023, and higher stability can be achieved to ensure suspension.

[0039] Refer to Figure 11 , in the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment, on the basis of the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment respectively, preferably, the number of sets of spray holes 1022 is set to three. The axis of one set of spray holes 1022 is vertically upward, and the other two sets are respectively oriented towards the inside and outside of the circumference. Figure 11 is the unfolded state of the ring formed by the centers of the top circles of all spray holes 1022, that is, when the circumferential line is unfolded into a straight line, the superimposed state of different sets of spray holes 1022. The dotted line is a set of spray holes 1022 oriented towards the outside of the circumference, the dash-dotted line is a set of spray holes 1022 oriented vertically upward, and the solid line is a set of spray holes 1022 oriented towards the inside of the circumference. Three sets can achieve a larger range to push the bearing ring (because the end face cross-sectional width of the bearing ring is small, and the range of one set is small). Further, the angles between the axes of the other two sets of spray holes 1022 and the vertical direction are the same, that is, in Figure 11 state, the two sets of spray holes 1022 that are not vertically upward are symmetric with respect to the axis of the vertically upward spray holes 1022 as the symmetry reference.

[0040] As Figure 12 shown, the seventh embodiment is implemented on the basis of the sixth embodiment and the fifth embodiment. That is, because the orientations of different sets of spray holes 1022 are different, therefore, at the same horizontal height, the impact force of the water flow is different because the flow distance of the water flow is different, that is, Figure 12 the three states. In the case of the same cross-section and flow rate of the water column, at the same horizontal height, the thrust generated by the spray holes 1022 with the axis vertically upward is greater than the other two sets. Therefore, to make the thrust generated by each spray hole 1022 the same and balanced with the gravity and buoyancy when the bearing ring is at the optimal suspension height, the aperture of the spray holes 1022 with the axis vertically upward is larger than the other two sets, so as to reduce the impact force.

[0041] Refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 10, Embodiment VIII and Embodiment IX are implemented on the basis of Embodiment I and Embodiment II respectively. In the initial state, if the cross-section of the bearing ring is not directly above the spray hole 1022, the impact flow of the spray hole 1022 cannot act on the bearing ring. However, when the bearing ring is placed, there is randomness (the range formed by the positioning flange 2 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the bearing ring, otherwise it is not easy to enter), and there is another possibility, that is, there are more spray holes 1022 under a certain part of the bearing ring than the corresponding spray holes 1022 in another part, which causes inclination due to unbalanced force. Therefore, in order to achieve better alignment, a steel cable 4 is set to support the bearing ring. Because the steel cable 4 has toughness and flexibility, as Figure 10 , it is transformed from the suspended arc shape above to the state below, so that the bearing ring does not contact the upper surface of the bearing base 102, and at the same time, the bearing ring is centered and balanced to better achieve suspension.

[0042] Refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Embodiment X and Embodiment XI are implemented on the basis of Embodiment VIII and Embodiment IX. That is, the bearing plate 1 is divided into upper and lower layers. The lower layer is the plate two a2, whose upper surface is flush with the upper surface of the bearing base 102. The other layer is the upper plate one a1. An avoidance hole 5 is opened on the plate one a1 directly above the bearing base 102. The positioning flange 2 is fixed on the inner side wall of the avoidance hole 5. At the same time, the plate one a1 and the plate two a2 are connected by bolts or a clamping structure with adjustable height, that is, the height between the two can be adjusted to facilitate adapting to bearing rings with different axial thicknesses. Because of the flexibility of the steel cable 4, it can adaptively match the change in the distance between the plate one a1 and the plate two a2.

[0043] The upper edge of the positioning end of the positioning flange 2 has a rounded corner. After quenching and cooling in the coolant, the rounded corner facilitates the bearing ring to exit from the circular cavity formed by the positioning flange 2.

[0044] After the bearing ring is cooled, by tilting the bearing plate 1, the bearing ring will slide out along the action of the steel cable 4 and the rounded corner at the top of the positioning flange 2, and the positioning plate 3 will reset under the action of gravity.

[0045] The whole tooling is slowly lowered in the coolant by a lifting tool, so that the bearing ring is suspended. And because of the action of the through groove 1023, the water flow rotates, thus forming a tornado shape to improve the flow of the surrounding coolant and enhance the heat exchange effect.

[0046] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quenching tooling for ball bearings, comprising a bearing plate (1), characterized in that: The bearing plate (1) is composed of a plate base (101) and bearing bases (102) in a regular array. The upper surface of the bearing base (102) is lower than the upper surface of the plate base (101). The top of the bearing base (102) is also evenly provided with positioning flanges (2) circumferentially. The highest point of the top of the positioning flange (2) is flush with the upper surface of the plate base (101). The positioning flange (2) is used to limit the horizontal position of the bearing ring. Multiple groups of positioning plates (3) are also coupled to the top of the bearing base (102). The positioning plates (3) are evenly arranged circumferentially on the bearing base (102). A vertically arranged through hole (1021) is provided in the bearing base (102) directly below the positioning plate (3). When the positioning plate (3) moves down in the coolant with the bearing plate (1), the coolant pushes and lifts the positioning plate (3), causing one end of the positioning plate (3) to move towards the circumferential center of the circle surrounded by the positioning plate (3) and move upward. The lifted positioning plate (3) forms an annular limit above the bearing base (102) to limit the spatial range of the bearing ring. Spray holes (1022) are provided on the bearing base (102) in a circumferential array distribution, and the axis of a single spray hole (1022) is coplanar with the axis surrounded by the circumferential array of the spray holes (1022). The spray holes (1022) penetrate the upper and lower end faces of the bearing base (102), and the spray hole (1022) is a downward-facing flared conical hole. When the bearing plate (1) moves down, the spray holes (1022) generate compressed water columns to impact the lower end face of the bearing ring. The positioning flange (2), the positioning plate (3), and the spray holes (1022) are all circumferentially distributed around the same axis.

2. The quenching tooling for a ball bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through groove (1023) is also provided on the bearing base (102) in the vertical direction. The axis of the through groove (1023) is coaxial with the circumferential axis surrounded by the spray holes (1022). The diameter of the through groove (1023) decreases upward in the vertical direction, and a number of spiral ribs (1024) are evenly provided on the inner wall of the through groove (1023) circumferentially. When the bearing plate (1) moves down, the spiral ribs (1024) generate spiral water columns.

3. A quenching tooling for ball bearings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The spray holes (1022) are divided into multiple groups, and each group is arranged alternately at intervals. The angles between the axes of the single spray holes (1022) in different groups and the circumferential axis surrounded by the array of the spray holes (1022) are different.

4. A quenching tooling for ball bearings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray holes (1022) are divided into three groups. One group has an axis parallel to the vertical direction, and the other two groups are respectively oriented towards the inside and outside with the circumferential surface formed by the spray holes (1022) with the axis vertically upward as the reference.

5. A quenching tooling for ball bearings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top diameter of the spray holes (1022) with the axis vertically upward is larger than that of the other two groups.

6. A quenching tooling for ball bearings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A steel cable (4) is connected between the positioning end face of the positioning flange (2) and the top of the bearing base (102), and the connection point between the steel cable (4) and the bearing base (102) is located within the circumferential range formed by the spray holes (1022). The steel cable (4) is used to carry the bearing ring so that its initial state is above the spray holes (1022).

7. The quenching tooling for a ball bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bearing plate (1) is composed of two upper and lower layers, namely a first plate (a1) and a second plate (a2). An avoidance hole (5) is formed in the first plate (a1) above the bearing base (102), and a positioning flange (2) is fixed to the inner wall of the avoidance hole (5). The first plate (a1) is arranged to be liftable on the second plate (a2).

8. A quenching tooling for ball bearings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper edge of the positioning end of the positioning flange (2) has a rounded transition.

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