Laser cladding equipment and process method for coal mine hydraulic support

Abstract

The laser cladding equipment comprises a rack, a clamping part and a spraying part are arranged on the rack, the clamping part is used for clamping a workpiece, the spraying part is used for spraying a prefabricated material to the surface of the workpiece, a machining sliding frame is arranged on the rack, a connecting arm is arranged on the machining sliding frame, and the connecting arm is connected with the clamping part. A laser cladding head is arranged on the connecting arm, a driving part and a variable-speed linkage mechanism are arranged on the rack, the driving part can drive the clamping part and the variable-speed linkage mechanism to move, and the variable-speed linkage mechanism can drive the machining sliding frame to move. By means of the technical means, compared with existing laser cladding equipment, the laser cladding equipment of the coal mine hydraulic support can effectively prevent the technical problems of peeling, cracks, air holes and the like in the machining process of the existing laser cladding equipment, the quality and durability of a coating are improved, and the service life of the coating is prolonged. Laser cladding work of a stand column, a piston rod, a middle cylinder inner wall, a support and a top frame in coal mine hydraulic support equipment can be achieved through the same equipment, cost is low, and application and popularization are easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding of coal mine hydraulic supports, and in particular to laser cladding equipment and a process method of coal mine hydraulic supports. Background Art

[0002] ‌The main reason why coal mine hydraulic supports need surface treatment is to extend their service life, improve their wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and ensure their safety. ‌ Coal mine hydraulic supports are susceptible to corrosion and wear in complex mine environments, leading to failure and threatening the safety of mining work. Therefore, it is necessary to use surface engineering technology to protect the surface of hydraulic supports.

[0003] The main surface treatment technologies for coal mine hydraulic supports include: hard chrome plating, laser cladding technology, supersonic flame spraying and spraying metal ceramic coating, tungsten flash treatment technology, etc. These technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. The selection of appropriate surface treatment technology needs to be comprehensively considered based on specific working conditions and economic benefits. For example, although the laser cladding technology is more expensive, its high efficiency and long life make it the preferred option in many cases.

[0004] ‌The locations that require laser cladding in coal mine hydraulic supports mainly include the columns, piston rods and inner walls of the middle cylinder. ‌These locations are under tremendous pressure and corrosion in the hydraulic supports, and are prone to wear and corrosion, so they need to be strengthened and repaired through laser cladding technology. Among them, the top frame and guard plate of the hydraulic support also need laser cladding. Laser cladding technology can improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the guard plate, thereby extending its service life and ensuring the normal operation and safe production of the hydraulic support.

[0005] Laser cladding equipment is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, petrochemical, mold manufacturing and other fields. In the aerospace field, laser cladding equipment is used to process high-temperature and high-pressure parts such as turbine blades and jet engines to improve their high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In the automobile manufacturing field, laser cladding equipment is used to process automobile engine cylinders, transmission shafts and other parts to improve their wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In the mold manufacturing field, laser cladding equipment is used to repair damaged mold surfaces and extend the service life of the mold.

[0006] Laser cladding technology specifically refers to the use of high-energy laser beams as heat sources to melt alloy powders with high hardness and good corrosion resistance with the substrate to form a metallurgical reaction, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant functional layer. This technology has the advantages of metallurgical bonding with the substrate, high surface treatment efficiency, outstanding economic benefits, and green and pollution-free.

[0007] Nowadays, laser cladding equipment is widely used, but there are still many unresolved technical problems, especially for the laser cladding equipment used for various components of coal mine hydraulic supports, there are the following main technical problems: Existing laser cladding equipment has technical problems such as peeling, cracks, and pores during processing, which will affect the quality and durability of the coating.

[0008] Existing laser cladding equipment is highly targeted at the shape of the workpiece being processed. The same equipment cannot complete laser cladding operations under different working conditions, including flat workpieces, outer surfaces of cylindrical workpieces, inner surfaces of tubular workpieces, etc. It is not suitable for laser cladding work on the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment.

[0009] The existing laser cladding equipment basically uses electronic control for its rotation and feeding and other actions, and has complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment. The purchase and maintenance costs of these equipment are relatively high, which leads to very high costs for existing laser cladding equipment. Summary of the invention

[0010] The present invention provides a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support to solve several main technical problems: Existing laser cladding equipment has technical problems such as peeling, cracks, and pores during processing, which will affect the quality and durability of the coating.

[0011] Existing laser cladding equipment is highly targeted at the shape of the workpiece being processed. The same equipment cannot complete laser cladding operations under different working conditions, including flat workpieces, outer surfaces of cylindrical workpieces, inner surfaces of tubular workpieces, etc. It is not suitable for laser cladding work on the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment.

[0012] The existing laser cladding equipment basically uses electronic control for its rotation and feeding and other actions, and has complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment. The purchase and maintenance costs of these equipment are relatively high, which leads to very high costs for existing laser cladding equipment.

[0013] The present invention discloses a laser cladding device and a process method for a coal mine hydraulic support, comprising a frame, wherein the frame is provided with a clamping part and a spraying part, wherein the clamping part is used to clamp a workpiece, and the spraying part is used to spray a prefabricated material onto the surface of the workpiece, wherein the frame is provided with a processing slide, wherein a connecting arm is provided on the processing slide, and a laser cladding head is provided on the connecting arm, wherein a driving part and a speed-changing linkage mechanism are provided on the frame, wherein the driving part can drive the clamping part and the speed-changing linkage mechanism to move, and wherein the speed-changing linkage mechanism can drive the processing slide to move.

[0014] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the laser cladding of the coal mine hydraulic support can effectively prevent the technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and pores during processing of the existing laser cladding equipment compared to the existing laser cladding equipment, and improve the quality and durability of the coating. The same equipment can be used for laser cladding of the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of the coal mine hydraulic support equipment, and it is low-cost and easy to promote and use.

[0015] Furthermore, a laser and a beam splitter are provided in the laser cladding head, the beam splitter comprises a beam splitter box provided inside the laser cladding head, a beam splitter mirror group is provided in the beam splitter box, the beam splitter mirror group is composed of a plurality of wedge-shaped beam splitter lenses, the beam splitter mirror group can split the laser light emitted by the laser into three parts, respectively directed to two beam splitters and a processing port, beam splitters are provided on both sides of the laser cladding head, a processing port is provided below the laser cladding head, and beam splitters are provided in both beam splitters.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping part includes a vertical frame arranged on the frame, and a three-jaw chuck and a belt locking mechanism are arranged on the vertical frame, the three-jaw chuck includes two movable jaws and one fixed jaw, the movable jaw is rotatably connected with an abutment block, and the fixed jaw is fixedly connected with an abutment block, the three-jaw chuck is rotatably connected to the vertical frame via a connecting shaft, and a clamping gear is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft away from the three-jaw chuck, and the driving part can drive the clamping gear to rotate.

[0017] Furthermore, the belt locking mechanism includes four locking blocks slidably connected to the frame, a spring is arranged between the locking block and the vertical frame, the locking block is rotatably connected to a guide wheel, the vertical frame is fixedly connected to a locking belt, the vertical frame is fixedly connected to a fixing plate, the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the vertical frame, two fixing holes are arranged on the fixing plate, one end of the locking belt is fixed to the vertical frame by a bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing plate by a pin shaft.

[0018] Furthermore, the spraying part includes a spray box and a spray head, a spray pipeline is connected between the spray box and the spray head, a connecting buckle is provided at the spray head, and the connecting buckle is detachably connected to an extension rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the processing slide includes a base frame arranged on the frame, the base frame is rotatably connected to a first screw, the base frame is slidably connected to a processing stand, the processing stand is threadedly connected to the first screw, the processing stand is rotatably connected to a second screw, the processing stand is slidably connected to a processing cross frame, the processing cross frame is threadedly connected to the second screw, the processing cross frame is rotatably connected to a reciprocating screw, the connecting arm is slidably connected to the processing cross frame, the reciprocating screw can drive the connecting arm to perform reciprocating motion, the second screw and the reciprocating screw are both driven by a servo motor, and the first screw is driven by the driving part through a speed change linkage mechanism.

[0020] Further, the speed-changing linkage mechanism includes a driving shaft driven by the driving unit, a speed-changing mechanism and an intermittent driving mechanism; The speed change mechanism comprises a first gear and a speed change wheel slidably arranged on the driving shaft, the driving shaft can drive the first gear to rotate, the frame is rotatably connected with a second gear, the first gear can mesh with the second gear, and the second gear is coaxially fixedly connected with a pulley through a linkage shaft; The transmission mechanism is a plurality of pairs of sliding parts, each of which is connected to the main frame by a plurality of springs, and the plurality of sliding parts are connected to the main frame by a plurality of springs. The plurality of sliding parts are connected to the plurality of pulleys, each of which is connected to the plurality of pulleys by a plurality of springs. The plurality of pulleys can drive the plurality of adjusting blocks to rotate through the plurality of pulleys, thereby driving the main pulley to rotate. The main pulley can drive the plurality of adjusting blocks to rotate through the plurality of pulleys.

[0021] Furthermore, the intermittent drive mechanism includes an active dial slidably connected to the active shaft, the active wheel can drive the active dial to rotate, a driven groove wheel is provided on the linkage shaft, the active dial and the driven groove wheel cooperate to form a groove wheel mechanism, and a matching slider is movably connected to the active shaft, and the matching slider can drive the first gear and the active dial to move along the axis direction of the active shaft.

[0022] Furthermore, the driving part includes a driving motor arranged on the frame, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to a driving gear, the frame is slidably connected to a gear table, the gear table is rotatably connected to a connecting gear, and the driving gear can drive the clamping part to move through the connecting gear.

[0023] The present invention also provides a process method for laser cladding processing of a coal mine hydraulic support, comprising the following steps: S1: Confirm the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing and spray the prefabricated material; S2: Control the movement of the clamping part to fix the workpiece X to be laser clad; S3; adjusting the processing slide to place the laser cladding head in a suitable initial processing position; S4; selecting and debugging the drive unit and the speed-changing linkage mechanism to a suitable state according to the surface of the workpiece X to be laser clad; S5: Start the drive unit without starting the laser cladding head, determine the laser cladding processing route of the laser cladding head and correct it; S5; start the drive unit and the laser cladding head to perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing; S6: After the workpiece X cools down, the clamping unit is controlled to remove the workpiece X and place it properly.

[0024] 1. Effectively prevent technical problems such as peeling, cracks, and pores in existing laser cladding equipment, and improve the quality and durability of the coating.

[0025] 2. It solves the technical problem that the existing laser cladding equipment is highly targeted at the shape of the workpiece being processed. The same equipment can be used to complete laser cladding operations under different working conditions, including flat workpieces, outer surfaces of cylindrical workpieces, inner surfaces of tubular workpieces, etc. The same equipment can complete the laser cladding work on the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of the coal mine hydraulic support equipment.

[0026] 3. It replaces the existing laser cladding equipment, whose rotation and feeding and other actions are basically electrically controlled, without the need for complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment, thus greatly reducing the cost of laser cladding equipment.

[0027] The foregoing general description and the following description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not intended to limit the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by corresponding drawings, and these exemplary descriptions and drawings do not limit the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are regarded as similar elements, and wherein: Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a clamping part and a driving part in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a spraying part in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a processing slide in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a laser cladding head in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a speed-changing linkage mechanism in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 7 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a speed change wheel and related structures in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of processing the inner surface of a tubular object in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of processing a flat surface of a sheet-mounted object in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention.

[0029] 1. Frame; 2. Clamping part; 21. Vertical frame; 22. Three-claw chuck; 221. Movable clamping jaw; 222. Fixed clamping jaw; 223. Connecting shaft; 224. Clamping gear; 23. Belt locking mechanism; 231. Locking block; 232. Guide wheel; 233. Locking belt; 234. Fixed plate; 235. Pin; 3. Spraying part; 31. Spraying box; 32. Spraying head; 33. Spraying pipeline; 34. Connecting buckle; 35. Extension rod; 4. Processing slide; 41. Base frame; 411. First screw; 42. Processing vertical frame; 422. Second screw; 43. Processing horizontal frame; 431. Reciprocating screw; 5. Connecting arm; 6. Laser cladding head; 61. Laser; 611. Processing port; 62. Beam device; 621, beam splitter box; 622, beam splitter group; 6221, wedge-shaped beam splitter lens; 63, beam splitter; 631, beam splitter tube; 7, driving unit; 71, driving motor; 72, driving gear; 73, gear stage; 74, connecting gear; 8, speed change linkage mechanism; 81, driving shaft; 82, speed change mechanism; 821, first gear; 822, second gear; 823, linkage shaft; 824, pulley; 83, speed change wheel; 831, main wheel disc; 832, sliding member; 833, adjusting block; 834, wheel disc screw; 835, abutment bolt; 836, endless belt; 84, intermittent driving mechanism; 841, active dial; 842, driven groove wheel; 843, matching slider. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to be able to understand the features and technical contents of the embodiments of the present invention in more detail, the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The attached drawings are for reference only and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the following technical description, for the convenience of explanation, a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments is provided through multiple details. However, one or more embodiments can still be implemented without these details. In other cases, to simplify the drawings, well-known structures and devices can be simplified for display.

[0031] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the embodiments of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "middle", "outside", "front", "back" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the embodiments of the present invention and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific direction, or to be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Moreover, in addition to being used to indicate directions or positional relationships, some of the above terms may also be used to indicate other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In addition, the terms "disposed", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the term "plurality" means two or more and "plurality" means two or more.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0036] like Figure 1-9 As shown in the figure, the present invention discloses a laser cladding equipment for a coal mine hydraulic support, which includes a frame 1, on which a clamping part 2 and a spraying part 3 are arranged, the clamping part 2 is used to clamp a workpiece, the spraying part 3 is used to spray prefabricated materials onto the surface of the workpiece, a processing slide 4 is arranged on the frame 1, a connecting arm 5 is arranged on the processing slide 4, a laser cladding head 6 is arranged on the connecting arm 5, and a driving part 7 and a speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 are arranged on the frame 1, the driving part 7 can drive the clamping part 2 and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 to move, and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 can drive the processing slide 4 to move.

[0037] The driving part 7 includes a driving motor 71 arranged on the frame 1, the output shaft of the driving motor 71 is connected with a driving gear 72, a gear table 73 is slidably connected to the frame 1, a connecting gear 74 is rotatably connected to the gear table 73, and the driving gear 72 can drive the clamping part 2 to move through the connecting gear 74. The driving part 7 provides power to the whole system through the driving motor 71, and the three-claw chuck 22 in the clamping part 2 can be driven to rotate or not driven to rotate through the meshing and separation of the driving gear and the connecting gear 74. When processing cylindrical or tubular objects, the connecting gear 74 can be moved through the gear table 73 to mesh with the clamping gear 224 and the driving gear 72 at the same time to form a linkage, and the three-claw chuck 22 is driven to rotate through the connecting shaft 223 to drive the workpiece to rotate. When processing a planar object, the connecting gear 74 is removed through the gear table 73, and the three-claw chuck 22 is not driven to rotate.

[0038] The clamping part 2 includes a vertical frame 21 arranged on the frame 1, and a three-jaw chuck 22 and a belt locking mechanism 23 are arranged on the vertical frame 21. The three-jaw chuck 22 includes two movable jaws 221 and a fixed jaw 222. The movable jaw 221 is rotatably connected with an abutment block, and the fixed jaw 222 is fixedly connected with an abutment block. The three-jaw chuck 22 is rotatably connected to the vertical frame 21 through a connecting shaft 223. A clamping gear 224 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting shaft 223 away from the three-jaw chuck 22, and the driving part 7 can drive the clamping gear 224 to rotate.

[0039] The belt locking mechanism 23 includes four locking blocks 231 which are slidably connected to the frame 1, a spring is arranged between the locking block 231 and the frame 21, a guide wheel 232 is rotatably connected to the locking block 231, a locking belt 233 is fixedly connected to the frame 21, a fixing plate 234 is fixedly connected to the frame 21, two fixing holes are arranged on the fixing plate 234, one end of the locking belt 233 is fixed to the frame 21 by bolts, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 234 by a pin shaft 235. When it is necessary to clamp a cylindrical or barrel-shaped object, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22 and use the three-jaw chuck 22 in the conventional way to clamp it stably. When it is necessary to clamp an object on a plane, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22, tighten the two movable jaws 221 and the fixed jaw 222, the abutment block on the fixed jaw 222 does not rotate, and the two abutment blocks on the movable jaw 221 are rotated to the horizontal, so that the three can cooperate to clamp and fix the object.

[0040] The processing slide 4 includes a base frame 41 arranged on the frame 1, and a first screw 411 is rotatably connected to the base frame 41, and a processing frame 4221 is slidably connected to the base frame 41, and the processing frame 4221 is threadedly connected to the first screw 411, and a second screw 422 is rotatably connected to the processing frame 4221, and a processing cross frame 43 is slidably connected to the processing frame 4221, and the processing cross frame 43 is threadedly connected to the second screw 422, and a reciprocating screw 431 is rotatably connected to the processing cross frame 43, and a connecting arm 5 is slidably connected to the processing cross frame 43, and the reciprocating screw 431 can drive the connecting arm 5 to reciprocate, and the second screw 422 and the reciprocating screw 431 are both driven by a servo motor, and the first screw 411 is driven by the driving unit 7 through the speed change linkage mechanism 8. When in use, the laser cladding head 6 can be moved in three directions through the base frame 41, the processing frame 4221, the processing frame 43 and their corresponding screws, among which the processing frame 4221 is mainly used to adjust the height of the laser cladding head 6. After the height is determined, it is no longer used. The processing path of the laser cladding head 6 can be changed through the base frame 41 and the processing frame 43 and their corresponding screws.

[0041] The speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 includes a driving shaft 81 driven by the driving unit 7, a speed-changing mechanism 82 and an intermittent driving mechanism 84; The speed changing mechanism 82 comprises a first gear 821 and a speed changing wheel 83 which are slidably arranged on the driving shaft 81. The driving shaft 81 can drive the first gear 821 to rotate. The frame 1 is rotatably connected with a second gear 822. The first gear 821 can mesh with the second gear 822. The second gear 822 is coaxially fixedly connected with a pulley 824 through a linkage shaft 823. The laser cladding head 6 can be indirectly driven to move by the driving device. Especially when processing the outer surface of a cylindrical object and the inner surface of a tube-shaped object, after adjusting the size of the speed changing wheel 83, the driving motor 71 is started, and the whole device can be driven to work by the same driving motor 71. There is no need for two or more motors to cooperate. The purely mechanical structure is stable and reliable, with a low failure rate, and is suitable for multi-frequency operation.

[0042] The speed change wheel 83 includes a main wheel disc 831 rotatably connected to the frame 1, a plurality of sliding members 832 are slidably connected to the main wheel disc 831, a spring is arranged between the sliding member 832 and the main wheel disc 831, a wedge block is arranged on the sliding member 832 facing the center of the main wheel disc 831, an adjustment block 833 is slidably connected to the main wheel disc 831, a wheel disc screw 834 is fixedly connected to the main wheel disc 831, a clearance hole is opened on the adjustment block 833 at the position of the wheel disc screw 834, and an abutment bolt 835 is threadedly connected to the wheel disc screw 834, and the abutment bolt 835 can be The adjusting block 833 abuts against one side and drives the adjusting block 833 to slide on the main wheel disc 831. The several inclined surfaces of the adjusting block 833 abut against the inclined surfaces of the several wedge blocks. The adjusting block 833 can simultaneously drive the several sliding members 832 to move closer to or away from the center of the main wheel disc 831. The several adjusting blocks 833 are wound with the outer side of the pulley 824 with an annular belt 836. The pulley 824 can drive the several adjusting blocks 833 to rotate through the annular belt 836, thereby driving the main wheel disc 831 to rotate. The main wheel disc 831 can drive the processing slide 4 to move. When in use, especially when processing the outer surface of a cylindrical object and the inner surface of a round tube object, the power transmitted by the driving motor 71 can be adjusted to obtain different angular velocities of the speed change wheel 83, thereby driving the first screw 411 to rotate at a suitable speed, thereby driving the laser cladding head 6 to move at a suitable and constant speed.

[0043] The intermittent drive mechanism 84 includes an active dial 841 slidably connected to the active shaft 81, the active wheel can drive the active dial 841 to rotate, a driven groove wheel 842 is provided on the linkage shaft 823, the active dial 841 cooperates with the driven groove wheel 842 to form a groove wheel mechanism, and a matching slider 843 is movably connected to the active shaft 81, and the matching slider 843 can drive the first gear 821 and the active dial 841 to move along the axis direction of the active shaft 81. When in use, especially when performing S-shaped path processing of planar laser cladding, by adjusting the rotation speed of the groove wheel mechanism, the speed change wheel 83 is matched to achieve the technical effect of the first screw 411 rotating a certain angle at intervals, thereby matching the reciprocating screw 431 and its corresponding servo motor rotation speed, a pure mechanical structure drive can be realized, and the laser cladding head 6 is controlled to move along the S-shaped route. The pure mechanical structure is stable and reliable, with a low failure rate, and is suitable for multi-frequency work.

[0044] It should be noted that a laser 61 and a beam splitter 62 are provided in the laser cladding head 6. The beam splitter 62 includes a beam splitter box 621 provided inside the laser cladding head 6. A beam splitter group 622 is provided in the beam splitter box 621. The beam splitter group 622 is composed of a plurality of wedge-shaped beam splitter lenses 6221. Beam splitters 631 are provided on both sides of the laser cladding head 6. A processing port 611 is provided below the laser cladding head 6. Beam splitters 63 are provided in both beam splitters 631. The beam splitter group 622 can split the laser light emitted by the laser 61 into three parts, which are respectively directed to the two beam splitters 63 and the processing port 611.

[0045] With such an arrangement, during processing, the laser emitted by the laser 61 can be divided into three laser beams with appropriate energy through the beam splitter group 622, one of which is directed vertically downward and is focused by the lens for laser cladding processing, and the remaining two laser beams are emitted obliquely, irradiated by the beam splitter 63, and then irradiated on the workpiece through the reflective port, forming an elliptical light spot with energy.

[0046] The elliptical light spot located in front of the processing port 611 can preheat the prefabricated material that has not been laser clad. Since the appropriate light spot size and energy can be adjusted through the structure of the beam splitter 63 itself, the prefabricated material can be effectively preheated, thereby greatly optimizing the laser cladding effect and effectively avoiding the generation of cracks and pores.

[0047] The elliptical light spot located behind the processing port 611 can perform secondary heating on the surface of the workpiece that has been laser clad. At this time, the bottom of the prefabricated material after laser cladding processing has been fused with the workpiece, and the upper part is prone to peeling, cracking and other phenomena due to rapid cooling due to exposure to the air. At this time, the secondary heating can slow down the cooling speed of the outer cladding material, but will not affect the fusion of the bottom cladding material and the workpiece. Therefore, it is possible to effectively avoid technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and bubbles after the laser cladding operation while ensuring the excellent cladding effect of laser cladding, thereby ensuring the quality and durability of the coating.

[0048] Optionally, the spraying part 3 includes a spraying box 31 and a spray head 32 , a spraying pipeline 33 is connected between the spraying box 31 and the spray head 32 , a connecting buckle 34 is provided at the spray head 32 , and the connecting buckle 34 is detachably connected to an extension rod 35 .

[0049] The present invention discloses a process method for laser cladding processing of a coal mine hydraulic support, which comprises the following steps: S1: confirming a workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing and spraying a prefabricated material; S2: Control the clamping part 2 to fix the workpiece X to be laser clad; S3; adjust the processing slide 4 so that the laser cladding head 6 is in a suitable initial processing position; S4; select and debug the drive unit 7 and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 to a suitable state according to the surface of the workpiece X to be laser clad; S5; start the drive unit 7 without starting the laser cladding head 6, determine the laser cladding head 6 to perform laser cladding processing route and correct it; S5; start the driving unit 7 and the laser cladding head 6 to perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing; S6: After the workpiece X cools down, the clamping unit 2 is operated to remove the workpiece X and place it properly.

[0050] Such operation can maximize the use of this equipment to perform laser cladding operations on various parts of coal mine hydraulic supports with high quality, high stability, high frequency and high safety, ensuring the cladding effect. The same equipment can be used to complete the laser cladding work on the central column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment. And it replaces the existing laser cladding equipment, whose rotation and feeding are basically controlled by electric control, without the need for complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment, thus greatly reducing the cost of laser cladding equipment.

[0051] Application scenario of an exemplary embodiment: The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support involved in the present invention is divided into two operating conditions during actual operation; 1. When laser cladding is performed on the surface of a rotating body, such as the outer surface of a cylindrical object (i.e. the piston rod in a coal mine hydraulic support) or the inner surface of a round tube object (i.e. the inner wall of the middle cylinder in a coal mine hydraulic support): According to the actual construction method, first confirm the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing and spray the prefabricated material, and then implement the clamping operation. When it is necessary to clamp a cylindrical or barrel-shaped object, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22, and use the conventional usage of the three-jaw chuck 22 to clamp it stably. When it is necessary to clamp an object with a plane, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22, tighten the two movable jaws 221 and the fixed jaw 222, the abutment block on the fixed jaw 222 does not rotate, and the two abutment blocks on the movable jaw 221 are rotated to the horizontal, so that the three cooperate to clamp and fix the object.

[0052] Then, according to the surface of the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing, the drive unit 7 and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 are selected and debugged to a suitable state. It should be noted that first, according to the rotation speed of the drive motor 71, the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8, the speed-changing wheel 83, the groove wheel structure, the reciprocating screw rod and its servo motor are adjusted. The movement path and speed of the laser cladding head 6 need to be determined according to the specific workpiece processing surface and processing path before adjustment.

[0053] After the overall structure is adjusted, the driving unit 7 is started without starting the laser cladding head 6, and the laser cladding processing route of the laser cladding head 6 is determined and corrected, so as to ensure that the laser cladding head 6, which is more valuable and more fragile, will not be damaged.

[0054] After the line adjustment operation is completed, the driving unit 7 and the laser cladding head 6 are started to perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing. At this time, the laser cladding head 6 specially designed in the present invention can divide the laser emitted by the laser 61 into three laser beams with appropriate energy through the beam splitter group 622, one of which is vertically downward and is used for laser cladding processing after being focused by the lens. The remaining two laser beams are emitted obliquely, irradiated to the beam splitter 63, and then irradiated on the workpiece through the reflective port to form an elliptical light spot with energy.

[0055] The elliptical light spot located in front of the processing port 611 can preheat the prefabricated material that has not been laser clad. Since the appropriate light spot size and energy can be adjusted through the structure of the beam splitter 63 itself, the prefabricated material can be effectively preheated, thereby greatly optimizing the laser cladding effect and effectively avoiding the generation of cracks and pores.

[0056] The elliptical light spot located behind the processing port 611 can perform secondary heating on the surface of the workpiece that has been laser clad. At this time, the bottom of the prefabricated material after laser cladding processing has been fused with the workpiece, and the upper part is prone to peeling, cracking and other phenomena due to rapid cooling due to exposure to the air. At this time, the secondary heating can slow down the cooling speed of the outer cladding material, but will not affect the fusion of the bottom cladding material and the workpiece. Therefore, it is possible to effectively avoid technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and bubbles after the laser cladding operation while ensuring the excellent cladding effect of laser cladding, thereby ensuring the quality and durability of the coating.

[0057] Finally, when a workpiece is processed, wait for the workpiece X to cool down, control the clamping part 2 to remove the workpiece X and place it properly. After completion, all structures are reset and no adjustment is required to achieve processing again.

[0058] The above description and the accompanying drawings fully illustrate the embodiments of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can practice them. Other embodiments may include structural and other changes. The embodiments represent only possible variations. Unless explicitly required, individual components and functions are optional, and the order of operations may vary. Parts and features of some embodiments may be included in or replace parts and features of other embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support, characterized in that: include: A frame (1), wherein the frame (1) is provided with a clamping portion (2) and a spraying portion (3), wherein the clamping portion (2) is used to clamp a workpiece, and the spraying portion (3) is used to spray a prefabricated material onto a surface of the workpiece, wherein the frame (1) is provided with a processing slide (4), wherein a connecting arm (5) is provided on the processing slide (4), and wherein a laser cladding head (6) is provided on the connecting arm (5), and wherein a driving portion (7) and a speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) are provided on the frame (1), wherein the driving portion (7) can drive the clamping portion (2) and the speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) to move, and wherein the speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) can drive the processing slide (4) to move.

2. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser cladding head (6) is provided with a laser (61) and a beam splitting device (62); the beam splitting device (62) comprises a beam splitting box (621) provided inside the laser cladding head (6); a beam splitting mirror group (622) is provided inside the beam splitting box (621); the beam splitting mirror group (622) is composed of a plurality of wedge-shaped beam splitting mirrors (6221); beam splitting tubes (631) are provided on both sides of the laser cladding head (6); a processing port (611) is provided below the laser cladding head (6); beam splitters (63) are provided inside the two beam splitting tubes (631); and the beam splitting mirror group (622) can split the laser light emitted by the laser (61) into three parts, which are respectively directed to the two beam splitters (63) and the processing port (611).

3. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping portion (2) comprises a stand (21) arranged on the frame (1); a three-claw chuck (22) and a belt locking mechanism (23) are arranged on the stand (21); the three-claw chuck (22) comprises two movable jaws (221) and a fixed jaw (222); an abutment block is rotatably connected to the movable jaw (221); and an abutment block is fixedly connected to the fixed jaw (222); the three-claw chuck (22) is rotatably connected to the stand (21) via a connecting shaft (223); a clamping gear (224) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft (223) away from the three-claw chuck (22); and the driving portion (7) can drive the clamping gear (224) to rotate.

4. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The belt locking mechanism (23) comprises four locking blocks (231) slidably connected to the frame (1); a spring is provided between the locking block (231) and the stand (21); a guide wheel (232) is rotatably connected to the locking block (231); a locking belt (233) is fixedly connected to the stand (21); a fixing plate (234) is fixedly connected to the stand (21); two fixing holes are provided on the fixing plate (234); one end of the locking belt (233) is fixedly connected to the stand (21) by a bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (234) by a pin shaft (235).

5. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying part (3) comprises a spraying box (31) and a spray head (32); a spraying pipeline (33) is connected between the spraying box (31) and the spray head (32); a connecting buckle (34) is provided at the spray head (32); and the connecting buckle (34) is detachably connected to an extension rod (35).

6. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing slide (4) comprises a base frame (41) arranged on the frame (1), the base frame (41) is rotatably connected to a first screw rod (411), the base frame (41) is slidably connected to a processing stand (42) (21), the processing stand (42) (21) is threadedly connected to the first screw rod (411), the processing stand (42) (21) is rotatably connected to a second screw rod (422), the processing stand (42) (21) is slidably connected to a processing cross frame (43), and the processing stand (42) (21) is rotatably connected to a second screw rod (422). The processing cross frame (43) is threadedly connected to the second screw rod (422); a reciprocating screw rod (431) is rotatably connected to the processing cross frame (43); the connecting arm (5) is slidably connected to the processing cross frame (43); the reciprocating screw rod (431) can drive the connecting arm (5) to reciprocate; the second screw rod (422) and the reciprocating screw rod (431) are both driven by a servo motor; and the first screw rod (411) is driven by the driving unit (7) through the speed change linkage mechanism (8).

7. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) comprises a driving shaft (81) driven by the driving unit (7), a speed-changing mechanism (82) and an intermittent driving mechanism (84); The speed change mechanism (82) comprises a first gear (821) and a speed change wheel (83) slidably arranged on the driving shaft (81); the driving shaft (81) can drive the first gear (821) to rotate; a second gear (822) is rotatably connected to the frame (1); the first gear (821) can mesh with the second gear (822); and the second gear (822) is coaxially fixedly connected to a pulley (824) via a linkage shaft (823); The speed change wheel (83) comprises a main wheel disc (831) rotatably connected to the frame (1); a plurality of sliding members (832) are slidably connected to the main wheel disc (831); a spring is arranged between the sliding member (832) and the main wheel disc (831); a wedge block is arranged on the side of the sliding member (832) facing the center of the main wheel disc (831); an adjustment block (833) is slidably connected to the main wheel disc (831); a wheel disc screw rod (834) is fixedly connected to the main wheel disc (831); a clearance hole is opened on the adjustment block (833) at the position of the wheel disc screw rod (834); an abutment bolt (835) is threadedly connected to the wheel disc screw rod (834); the abutment bolt (835) can be The adjusting block (833) abuts against one side of the adjusting block (833) and drives the adjusting block (833) to slide on the main wheel disc (831). The several inclined surfaces of the adjusting block (833) abut against the inclined surfaces of the several wedge-shaped blocks. The adjusting block (833) can simultaneously drive the several sliding members (832) to move in a direction close to or away from the center of the main wheel disc (831). An annular belt (836) is wound around the outer sides of the several adjusting blocks (833) and the pulley (824). The pulley (824) can drive the several adjusting blocks (833) to rotate through the annular belt (836), thereby driving the main wheel disc (831) to rotate. The main wheel disc (831) can drive the processing slide (4) to move.

8. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intermittent drive mechanism (84) comprises a driving dial (841) slidably connected to the driving shaft (81); the driving wheel can drive the driving dial (841) to rotate; a driven groove wheel (842) is provided on the linkage shaft (823); the driving dial (841) and the driven groove wheel (842) cooperate to form a groove wheel mechanism; a matching slider (843) is movably connected to the driving shaft (81); the matching slider (843) can drive the first gear (821) and the driving dial (841) to move along the axis direction of the driving shaft (81).

9. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving portion (7) comprises a driving motor (71) arranged on the frame (1); the output shaft of the driving motor (71) is connected to a driving gear (72); a gear platform (73) is slidably connected to the frame (1); a connecting gear (74) is rotatably connected to the gear platform (73); and the driving gear (72) can drive the clamping portion (2) to move via the connecting gear (74).

10. A process for laser cladding processing of coal mine hydraulic support, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Confirm the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing and spray the prefabricated material; S2: controlling the movement of the clamping part (2) to fix the workpiece X to be laser clad; S3; adjusting the processing slide (4) so ​​that the laser cladding head (6) is in a suitable initial processing position; S4; selecting and debugging the drive unit (7) and the speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) to a suitable state according to the surface of the workpiece X to be laser clad; S5; starting the driving unit (7) without starting the laser cladding head (6), determining the laser cladding processing route of the laser cladding head (6) and correcting it; S5; starting the driving unit (7) and the laser cladding head (6) to perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing; S6: After the workpiece X cools down, the clamping unit (2) is controlled to move to remove the workpiece X and place it properly.

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