Rock breaking device suitable for large-size slotted hole cutting and excavation method

Abstract

The invention provides a rock breaking device suitable for a large-size slotted hole and an excavation method.The rock breaking device comprises the slotted hole, a rock breaking structure, a grouting pipe and a sealing piece, the slotted hole is formed in rock, the rock breaking structure is arranged in the slotted hole, the rock breaking structure comprises a rock breaking cylinder and a bottom cover, the bottom cover is fixed to the bottom of the rock breaking cylinder, and a grouting channel is formed in the bottom cover; a certain space is formed among the rock breaking cylinder, the bottom cover and the slotted hole to form a slurry containing groove for containing static crushing agent slurry, the grouting channel penetrates through the bottom cover to be communicated with the slurry containing groove, one end of the grouting pipe is connected with the grouting channel, the other end of the grouting pipe is used for entering the static crushing agent slurry, and the sealing piece is used for sealing the slurry containing groove. According to the method, the direction and range of rock mass fracture joint forming can be directionally controlled, directional joint forming is guaranteed by adding the groove cutting holes and arranging the rock breaking structure, meanwhile, the consumption of crushing agent slurry is reduced, the blocking effect is improved, and low-consumption excavation construction of a large-area rock foundation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock excavation, and in particular to a rock breaking device and an excavation method suitable for large-sized slotting holes. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of geotechnical engineering projects such as hydropower, mining, and transportation, there are usually construction requirements such as low disturbance, low cost, and block size pre-control. In particular, in recent years, higher requirements have been put forward for resource consumption in the construction process. How to reduce energy consumption while controlling excavation disturbance and improve the green and economic development of excavation technology is an important development direction of current rock excavation technology.

[0003] The traditional excavation method is still mainly based on drilling and blasting. This method has low cost, strong geological adaptability and wide application, but its limitations are also very prominent. On the one hand, the mechanism of blasting rock breaking by explosives causes resource consumption of fossil energy, and the rock fragmentation after blasting is difficult to control. On the other hand, there is currently a lack of effective green solutions for the disaster effects such as strong vibration, flying rocks, and harmful gases induced by blasting. Although in recent years, directional blasting technologies such as slot blasting and energy-gathering blasting have achieved some results in optimizing the distribution of fragmentation after blasting, these technologies are subject to the complex construction process of special-shaped directional holes and the influence of energy-gathering structures on construction accuracy, and their construction efficiency and molding quality are limited. From the perspective of rock breaking mechanism, traditional conventional excavation methods are mostly limited to circular hole load breaking, the required rock breaking load is high and the cracking direction is random, especially the adverse effects of strong disturbance of blasting excavation.

[0004] To address this problem, traditional directional blasting, especially slotting blasting, mainly forms a conical slot within a depth range of 10mm and a width range of 10mm by cutting the circular hole wall. The possibility of crack initiation is mainly increased by adjusting the stress intensity factor at this location. The size of the slot area directly affects the induction and continuous expansion of crack initiation. The expansion of the cone range to a certain extent is conducive to reducing the load pressure required for rock fracture. On the other hand, compared with explosive blasting, static expansion rock breaking has the advantage of low disturbance. It is often necessary to grout the entire hole to provide the rock breaking load pressure required for the circular hole, but the construction cost is relatively high.

[0005] In view of the above problems, developing a low-consumption rock excavation technology that can reduce the pressure required for rock breaking load and reduce construction disturbance is of great engineering significance for large-area rock foundation construction. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rock breaking device and excavation method suitable for large-sized slot holes, which can directionally control the direction and range of rock fracture and seam formation. By increasing the slot holes and arranging the rock breaking structure, while ensuring directional seam formation, the consumption of breaker slurry is reduced, the blocking effect is improved, and it is beneficial to the low-consumption excavation construction of large-area rock foundations.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes, comprising:

[0009] slotted holes, set in the rock;

[0010] A rock breaking structure is arranged in the slot hole, comprising a rock breaking cylinder and a bottom cover, wherein the bottom cover is fixed to the bottom of the rock breaking cylinder, a grouting channel is arranged on the bottom cover, a certain space is provided between the rock breaking cylinder, the bottom cover and the slot hole to form a slurry containing tank for containing static crushing agent slurry, and the grouting channel is passed through the rock breaking cylinder to communicate with the slurry containing tank;

[0011] A grouting pipe has one end connected to the grouting channel and the other end used to enter the static crushing agent slurry.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutting hole includes a first side hole, a second side hole and a center hole, the first side hole and the second side hole are arranged on both sides of the center hole, and the first side hole and the second side hole are both connected to the center hole, and the extension direction of the first side hole and the second side hole is the extension direction of the required crack.

[0013] Furthermore, the first side hole and the second side hole are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central hole and are of the same size. The cross-sections of the first side hole and the second side hole are both conical, and the cross-section of the central hole is circular.

[0014] Furthermore, the rock breaking cylinder has an annular inner wall and an annular outer wall, the annular inner wall encloses a cylindrical inner cavity, the annular inner wall and the annular outer wall enclose a hollow annular inner cavity, and there is a certain space between the annular outer wall and the cutting hole to form a slurry containing tank for containing static crusher slurry.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom cover is a hemispherical shell structure, and the bottom cover includes a hemispherical inner wall and a hemispherical outer wall, and the hemispherical inner wall and the hemispherical outer wall enclose a hollow hemispherical inner cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom cover is threadedly connected to the rock breaking cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, the rock breaking tube is made of alloy steel.

[0018] Furthermore, the sealing member is snap-fitted with the slot hole, and the cross-sectional shape of the sealing member is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the slot hole so that the sealing member seals the slurry containing groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the slotting holes are drilled using an integrated mechanical drilling and cutting device.

[0020] A method for excavating a large-sized slotted hole, applied to the rock breaking device for large-sized slotted holes, comprises the following steps:

[0021] Directed slot holes are drilled along the simulated rock forming surface, the rock breaking structure is placed in the slot holes and the slurry containing groove is closed by a sealing member;

[0022] After the slot holes are formed, static crushing agent slurry is prepared, and the static crushing agent slurry is sequentially passed through the grouting pipe and the grouting channel into the slurry containing tank;

[0023] Wait for the static crusher slurry to react and expand, so that the rock is pre-cracked into cracks.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] The rock breaking device and excavation method for large-sized slot holes provided by the present invention, during the excavation process, firstly, the slot holes are drilled in the rock, then, the bottom cover is fixed to the bottom of the rock breaking tube, one end of the grouting pipe is connected to the grouting channel, the rock breaking structure is placed in the slot hole, the slurry containing groove is closed by a sealing member, and finally, the static crushing agent slurry is injected through the other end of the grouting pipe. The rock breaking device for large-sized slot holes provided by the present invention is provided with slot holes for rock breaking, and the rock breaking tube is arranged in the middle of the slot holes, so that the slot holes do not need to be completely filled with static crushing agent slurry, the slurry consumption is reduced, the economic cost is reduced, the slot blasting and static expansion rock breaking are combined, no large pressure is required, and less construction disturbance is generated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the rock breaking structure of the present invention arranged in the slotted hole;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rock breaking structure of the present invention arranged in the slotted hole;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rock breaking structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom cover in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an excavation method suitable for large-sized slotted holes according to the present invention.

[0032] Among them, 1. cutting hole; 11. first side hole; 12. second side hole; 13. center hole; 2. rock breaking tube; 21. annular inner wall; 22. annular outer wall; 23. annular inner cavity; 3. bottom cover; 31. hemispherical inner wall; 32. hemispherical outer wall; 33. hemispherical inner cavity; 4. grouting channel; 5. grouting pipe; 6. slurry containing tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] In the related art, the pressure required for slot blasting is relatively high and the construction disturbance is relatively large, and static expansion rock breaking requires grouting throughout the hole. The present embodiment provides a rock breaking device suitable for large-sized slot holes 1, which combines slot blasting with static expansion rock breaking. It not only does not require a large pressure, but also does not require a large amount of static breaker slurry, and produces less construction disturbance.

[0037] Embodiment 1 provides a rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a slot hole 1, a rock breaking tube 2, a bottom cover 3, a grouting pipe 5 and a closing member.

[0038] The slotted hole 1 is set in the rock;

[0039] The rock breaking structure includes a rock breaking tube 2 and a bottom cover 3, wherein:

[0040] The rock breaking tube 2 is arranged in the middle of the slotting hole 1;

[0041] The bottom cover 3 is arranged at the bottom of the slot hole 1 and fixed to the bottom of the rock breaking tube 2. The bottom cover 3 is provided with a grouting channel 4. There is a certain space between the rock breaking tube 2, the bottom cover 3 and the slot hole 1 to form a slurry containing tank 6 for containing static crushing agent slurry. The grouting channel 4 is penetrated through the rock breaking tube 2 to communicate with the slurry containing tank 6.

[0042] One end of the grouting pipe 5 is connected to the grouting channel 4, and the other end is used to enter the static crushing agent slurry;

[0043] The closing piece is used to close the slurry containing tank 6 .

[0044] The rock breaking device provided in this embodiment is suitable for a large-sized slot hole 1. During the excavation process, the slot hole 1 is firstly drilled in the rock. Secondly, the bottom cover 3 is fixed to the bottom of the rock breaking tube 2, and one end of the grouting pipe 5 is connected to the grouting channel 4, so that the rock breaking structure is placed in the slot hole 1. The slurry containing groove 6 is closed by a sealing member. Finally, static breaker slurry is injected through the other end of the grouting pipe 5.

[0045] The rock breaking device provided in this embodiment is suitable for a large-sized slot hole 1. The slot hole 1 is set for rock breaking, and the rock breaking tube 2 is set in the middle of the slot hole 1, so that the slot hole 1 does not need to be completely filled with static breaker slurry, thereby reducing the amount of slurry and the economic cost. The slot blasting and static expansion rock breaking are combined, which does not require a large pressure and generates less construction disturbance.

[0046] In the actual excavation process, multiple rock breaking devices can be arranged along the excavation cracks to be formed, and the cutting direction of the slot hole 1 extends along the crack direction, so that the direction of the slot hole 1 blasting into cracks can be controlled, and the explosive energy tends to propagate in the slot direction, making it easier for the cracks in the slot direction to expand. Therefore, even under high ground stress and in a complex stress field, the cracks will tend to start, expand, and extend in the direction of the slot hole 1, which can improve the problem of large fluctuations in crack formation affected by high stress environments.

[0047] Moreover, the load required for crack expansion at the slot hole 1 of the present invention is significantly lower than that of a conventional circular hole, and the vibration induced by the load is also significantly reduced; the cracks induced by the present invention mainly expand in the slotting direction, and there are fewer cracks in the non-slotting direction (the direction of retaining the surrounding rock), therefore, the damage to the retained surrounding rock can be significantly reduced.

[0048] In this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the slot hole 1 includes a first side hole 11, a second side hole 12 and a center hole 13. The first side hole 11 and the second side hole 12 are arranged on both sides of the center hole 13, and the first side hole 11 and the second side hole 12 are both connected to the center hole 13. The extension direction of the first side hole 11 and the second side hole 12 is the extension direction of the desired crack. When the static crushing agent slurry is injected through the other end of the grouting pipe 5, the static crushing agent slurry fills the inner wall of the first side hole 11, the inner wall of the second side hole 12 and the inner wall of the center hole 13 and the outer wall of the rock breaking tube 2, compared with the slot hole 1 being completely filled with the static crushing agent slurry.

[0049] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the first side hole 11 and the second side hole 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center hole 13 and are of the same size. The cross-sections of the first side hole 11 and the second side hole 12 are both conical, and the cross-section of the center hole 13 is circular, so as to produce the required crack. Generally speaking, the weak requirement is that the crack extends linearly in a certain direction, and the pressure at the groove is preferably the same on both sides. Then, the groove side that bears the pressure is symmetrical, which is the most convenient and advantageous. Therefore, the first side hole 11 and the second side hole 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center hole 13 and are of the same size.

[0050] In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the rock breaking cylinder 2 has an annular inner wall 21 and an annular outer wall 22, the annular inner wall 21 encloses a cylindrical inner cavity, the annular inner wall 21 and the annular outer wall 22 enclose a hollow annular inner cavity 23, and there is a certain space between the annular outer wall 22 and the slotted hole 1 to form a slurry containing tank 6 for containing static crushing agent slurry. The annular inner wall 21 and the annular outer wall 22 can not only fully withstand the pressure of the external slurry, but also reduce the weight of the cylinder, and the construction is also more convenient, otherwise it will be very heavy, and at the same time, the hollowness is also used to set the grouting port to the inside and bottom of the cylinder to achieve grouting at the bottom of the hole, and the slurry filling sequence is reasonable.

[0051] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the bottom cover 3 is a hemispherical shell structure. The bottom cover 3 includes a hemispherical inner wall 31 and a hemispherical outer wall 32 , and the hemispherical inner wall 31 and the hemispherical outer wall 32 enclose a hollow hemispherical inner cavity 33 .

[0052] In this embodiment, the rock breaking tube 2 is made of alloy steel.

[0053] In this embodiment, the bottom cover 3 is threadedly connected to the rock breaking tube 2. Specifically, the annular inner wall 21 is threadedly connected to the hemispherical inner wall 31, and the annular outer wall 22 is threadedly connected to the hemispherical outer wall 32.

[0054] In this embodiment, the slotting hole 1 is drilled by an integrated mechanical drilling and cutting device.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Embodiment 2 provides a method for excavating large-sized slot holes, such as Figure 5 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, a low-loss rock breaking device suitable for a tapered hole is provided, specifically:

[0058] It is obtained by integrated drilling and cutting equipment, with a radius of r and a sharpness of about 2β at the outermost end of the conical area. Figure 1 As shown. The cross-sectional area of ​​unilateral grouting is approximately equal to S ABCE =2r 2 ·sinα·(cosα+sinα / tanβ)-πr 2 ·2α / 360, the total grouting area is 2S ABCE ; When α=45°, β=30°, radius r=25mm, S 圆 =1963.5mm 2 , S ABCE =1216.6mm 2 , 2S ABCE =2433.2mm 2 .

[0059] Step 1: Use a composite drill pipe to drill a directional slot hole 1 along the rock molding surface, place the rock breaking structure in the slot hole 1 and close the slurry containing groove 6 by a sealing member. Specifically, during the drilling of the slot hole 1, when the drilling depth reaches, the front end 200mm is super deep in the hole, the hole spacing is 1.0m, and the adjacent slot directions between the holes are parallel and aligned to ensure that the slot direction is the required molding direction.

[0060] Step 2: After the slot hole 1 is formed, static crushing agent slurry is prepared, and the static crushing agent slurry passes through the grouting pipe 5 and the grouting channel 4 in turn into the slurry containing tank 6. Specifically, low-density mixed explosives are prepared on-site as static crushing agent slurry, and are mechanized and quickly filled into the entire volume of the slurry containing tank 6; the on-site mixing of low-density mixed explosives is mainly carried out by a mixed explosives truck.

[0061] Step 3: Wait for the static crusher slurry to react and expand, so that the rock is pre-cracked into cracks in a directional manner, achieving the construction effect of mechanized and efficient directional pre-cracking, and the pre-crack surface is well formed.

[0062] In summary, the present invention aims to drill blastholes through composite drill pipes so that the slotted hole 1 is formed in one step; the direction of the slotted hole 1 blasted into cracks can be controlled, and the blasting energy tends to propagate in the slotting direction, making it easier for the cracks in the slotting direction to expand. Therefore, even under high ground stress and in a complex stress field, the cracks will tend to start, expand, and extend in the direction of the slotted hole 1, which can improve the problem of large fluctuations in crack formation affected by high stress environments.

[0063] Moreover, the load required for crack expansion at the slot hole 1 of the present invention is significantly lower than that of a conventional circular hole, and the vibration induced by the load is also significantly reduced; the cracks induced by the present invention mainly expand in the slotting direction, and there are fewer cracks in the non-slotting direction (the direction of retaining the surrounding rock), therefore, the damage to the retained surrounding rock can be significantly reduced.

[0064] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes, characterized in that: include: slotted holes, set in the rock; A rock breaking structure is arranged in the slot hole, comprising a rock breaking cylinder and a bottom cover, wherein the bottom cover is fixed to the bottom of the rock breaking cylinder, a grouting channel is arranged on the bottom cover, a certain space is provided between the rock breaking cylinder, the bottom cover and the slot hole to form a slurry containing tank for containing static crushing agent slurry, and the grouting channel is passed through the rock breaking cylinder to communicate with the slurry containing tank; A grouting pipe, one end of which is connected to the grouting channel and the other end of which is used to enter the static breaker slurry; The closing piece is used to close the slurry containing tank.

2. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting hole includes a first side hole, a second side hole and a center hole. The first side hole and the second side hole are arranged on both sides of the center hole, and the first side hole and the second side hole are both connected to the center hole. The extension direction of the first side hole and the second side hole is the extension direction of the required crack.

3. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first side hole and the second side hole are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central hole and have the same size. The cross sections of the first side hole and the second side hole are both conical, and the cross section of the central hole is circular.

4. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock breaking tube has an annular inner wall and an annular outer wall, the annular inner wall encloses a cylindrical inner cavity, the annular inner wall and the annular outer wall enclose a hollow annular inner cavity, and there is a certain space between the annular outer wall and the cutting hole to form a slurry containing tank for containing static crusher slurry.

5. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom cover is a hemispherical shell structure, and the bottom cover comprises a hemispherical inner wall and a hemispherical outer wall, and the hemispherical inner wall and the hemispherical outer wall enclose a hollow hemispherical inner cavity.

6. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom cover is threadedly connected to the rock breaking cylinder.

7. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock breaking tube is made of alloy steel material.

8. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing member is engaged with the slot hole, and the cross-sectional shape of the sealing member is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the slot hole so that the sealing member can seal the slurry containing tank.

9. The rock breaking device suitable for cutting large-sized slot holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slotting holes are drilled by an integrated mechanical drilling and cutting device.

10. A method for excavating a large-sized slot hole, applied to a rock breaking device for a large-sized slot hole as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Directed slot holes are drilled along the simulated rock forming surface, the rock breaking structure is placed in the slot holes and the slurry containing groove is closed by a sealing member; After the slot holes are formed, static crushing agent slurry is prepared, and the static crushing agent slurry is sequentially passed through the grouting pipe and the grouting channel into the slurry containing tank; Wait for the static crusher slurry to react and expand, so that the rock is pre-cracked into cracks.

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