Shipborne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power

Abstract

The invention discloses a shipborne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power, relates to the technical field of offshore power generation and energy storage, and solves the problems of high operation and maintenance cost in the application of a traditional power transmission line transmission mode in offshore wind power generation. An electric heating device is used for heating a calcium-based thermochemical energy storage material, then energy storage operation is completed, energy storage particles are subjected to waste heat recovery and cooling after the energy storage process is completed, then are stored in a storage tank in a centralized mode and are transported to the land in a shipping mode for secondary power generation, and the particles obtained after energy release are transported to an offshore power generation platform for recycling. The calcium-based thermochemical energy storage material modified by the high-entropy fluorite oxide has high energy density and high cycle stability, so that efficient energy consumption is realized, and the wind and electricity abandoning rate is reduced. The thermal chemical energy storage technology is introduced into an existing offshore wind power system, a new application neighborhood is developed for thermal chemical energy storage, and a new thought is provided for solving the problems of energy consumption and transportation of offshore wind power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of offshore power generation and energy storage technology, and in particular to a ship-borne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous development of the renewable energy industry, the proportion of renewable energy in the energy structure has increased significantly. Among them, the proportion of wind power generation in the total electricity consumption of the society has increased year by year. In the process of continuous technological advancement and rapid development of the times, the site selection of wind turbines is continuing to expand to the sea, aiming to obtain more abundant wind resources. However, due to the fact that offshore wind turbines are far from the shore and wind energy has the characteristics of intermittent and volatile, the absorption and transportation of wind energy have always been a difficulty and bottleneck restricting its development.

[0003] There is an obvious contradiction between the intermittent and volatile nature of renewable energy and the requirements of the grid for stability and reliability. To solve this problem, it is necessary to transform wind turbines in a flexible and adjustable direction, and actively explore new forms of energy transportation while achieving energy consumption. However, the application of traditional transmission line transmission methods in offshore wind power generation faces significant challenges and disadvantages, especially the need to lay submarine cables. This transmission method is not only costly, because the design and installation costs of submarine cables are very expensive in themselves, but they must also be able to withstand threats from the seabed, including complex seabed topography, corrosive environments, and potential mechanical damage. In addition, cable laying and maintenance work becomes extremely challenging in deep sea areas, because these areas are usually accompanied by deeper waters and more severe weather conditions. These factors not only increase the initial investment of the project, but also increase the long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0004] In view of this, there is a need for a shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a ship-borne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power, which can achieve the storage and release of thermal energy through reversible thermochemical reactions, so that the energy storage density is high, energy storage can be achieved at ambient temperature, and it is suitable for long-distance transportation. The specific technical solution is as follows: A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power generation, comprising: Power generation units, including wind power generation systems; The offshore energy storage unit comprises an electric heating device, a particle feeder, a fluidized bed reactor, a gas-solid separator and an offshore CaO storage tank, wherein the power generation unit is connected to the electric heating device, the electric heating device is connected to the fluidized bed reactor, the fluidized bed reactor is also connected to the particle feeder and the gas-solid separator, the gas-solid separator is connected to the offshore CaO storage tank; the heat transfer medium of the electric heating device in the fluidized bed reactor is completed with the CaCO transported by the particle feeder 3 The heat transfer work of CaCO 3 It is thermally decomposed in a fluidized bed reactor to generate CaO and stored in an offshore CaO storage tank; The marine transport unit transports CaO from the CaO storage tank.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes an onshore energy storage unit, which includes an onshore CaO storage tank, a boiler, a second steam turbine and a generator set, wherein the onshore CaO storage tank is connected to the boiler, the boiler is connected to the second steam turbine, and the second steam turbine is connected to the generator set; CaO enters the boiler to release energy, and the superheated steam generated by the boiler enters the second steam turbine, and the second steam turbine converts the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy in the generator set.

[0007] Preferably, the offshore energy storage unit and the onshore energy storage unit are both provided with CaCO 3 Storage tanks, respectively, offshore CaCO 3 Storage tanks and onshore CaCO 3 Storage tank, the offshore CaCO 3 The storage tank is connected to the particle feeder, and the onshore CaCO 3 The storage tank is connected to the boiler; the CaO particles in the boiler react to generate CaCO 3 The particles are stored in onshore CaCO3 tanks and transported to the offshore CaCO3 tanks via offshore transport units. 3 Tanks for storage.

[0008] Preferably, the offshore energy storage unit also includes a waste heat exchanger, a first steam turbine and a waste heat generator, the waste heat exchanger is connected to the gas-solid separator, the waste heat exchanger receives the reacted particles from the gas-solid separator and cools them, the waste heat exchanger is connected to the first steam turbine, and the first steam turbine is connected to the waste heat generator, the particles dissipate heat during cooling in the waste heat generator, thereby heating the steam working medium, the heated steam working medium is passed into the first steam turbine to convert the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy in the waste heat generator.

[0009] Preferably, the electric heating device comprises a first shell, a resistance heating plate, a first particle inlet, a first particle outlet and a flow channel, the outer wall of the first shell is provided with a heat preservation layer, the first shell is provided with a first particle inlet at the upper end and a first particle outlet at the lower end. Each of the resistance heating plates is vertically arranged and fixedly arranged inside the first shell, the resistance heating plates are arranged parallel to each other, and the resistance heating plates are arranged at equal intervals, and the gap between any two adjacent resistance heating plates forms a flow channel, and the flow channel can allow the heat transfer medium to flow through, and the resistance heating plate specifically comprises a straight plate ceramic shell, and a heating element arranged in the ceramic shell.

[0010] Preferably, the fluidized bed reactor 3 comprises a second shell and a fluid tube bundle arranged in the second shell. The second shell has an air distribution plate at the bottom and a third particle outlet at the top, and a third particle inlet at the bottom side of the second shell. The fluid tube bundle is serpentine, and the inlet and outlet ends of the fluid tube bundle are arranged on the same side of the second shell, wherein the inlet end is arranged at the upper part of the second shell, and the outlet end is arranged at the lower part of the second shell.

[0011] Preferably, the offshore CaCO 3 Tanks store CaCO to be stored 3 Solid particles, the outer wall of which includes a thermal insulation layer and a structural layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the offshore CaCO 3 A fourth particle inlet is provided at the upper end of the storage tank, and a fourth particle outlet is provided at the lower end of the storage tank, and the fourth particle outlet is funnel-shaped.

[0012] Preferably, the minimum diameter of the fourth particle outlet is calculated according to the following formula, namely: in, is the minimum diameter of the fourth particle outlet (902), and are the critical stress and critical packing density, respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the onshore CaCO 3 Storage tanks, offshore CaO storage tanks and onshore CaO storage tanks are all connected to offshore CaCO 3 The structure of the tanks is consistent.

[0014] Preferably, the marine transport unit adopts a shipping facility device, which includes a particle storage chamber, a cabin wall, and a particle conveyor belt. The cabin wall includes a corrosion-resistant layer and a sealing layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The particle storage chamber transports the CaO particles to the storage chamber via the particle conveyor belt for storage, and then unloads the particles via the particle conveyor belt after reaching land. A dehumidification device, a temperature and pressure controller are provided in the particle storage chamber.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The ship-borne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power of the present invention converts offshore wind energy into electrical energy through a wind turbine, uses an electric heating device to heat the calcium-based thermochemical energy storage material, and completes the energy storage operation at 750°C-1000°C. After the energy storage process is completed, the energy storage particles are concentratedly stored in a storage tank after waste heat recovery and cooling, and then transported to land by ship for secondary power generation, and the released particles are transported to the offshore power generation platform for recycling. By utilizing the high energy density and high cycle stability of the calcium-based thermochemical energy storage material modified with high entropy fluorite oxide, efficient energy consumption is achieved, and the wind and power abandonment rate is reduced. Thermochemical energy storage technology is introduced into the existing offshore wind power system, which opens up a new application area for thermochemical energy storage and provides a new idea for solving the energy consumption and transportation problems of offshore wind power.

[0016] 2. The ship-borne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power of the present invention absorbs high-temperature waste heat of CaO particles through a waste heat exchanger after completing the energy storage operation, and the high-temperature steam and high-temperature fluidizing wind enter the waste heat power generation device through a pipeline to perform secondary power generation, thereby meeting the power requirements of the thermochemical energy storage system and the offshore wind power generation system and improving energy utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shipborne thermochemical energy storage system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electric heating device in the present invention; Figure 3 The CaCO 3 Schematic diagram of the tank structure; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fluidized bed reactor in the present invention; Figure 5It is a structural schematic diagram of the CaO storage tank in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shipping facility device in the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Wind power generation system; 2. Electric heating device; 201. First shell; 202. Resistance heating plate; 203. First particle inlet; 204. First particle outlet; 205. Flow channel; 3. Fluidized bed reactor; 301. Second shell; 302. Fluid tube bundle; 303. Air distribution plate; 304. Third particle inlet; 305. Third particle outlet; 306. Inlet end; 307. Outlet end; 4. Gas-solid separator; 5. Particle feeder; 6. Waste heat exchanger; 7. First steam turbine; 8. Waste heat generator; 9. Offshore CaCO 3 Storage tank; 901, fourth particle inlet; 902, fourth particle outlet; 903, curved slope; 904, insulation layer; 905, structural layer; 10, offshore CaO storage tank; 1001, second particle inlet; 1002, second particle outlet; 1003, curved slope; 1004, insulation layer; 1005, structural layer; 11, shipping facilities; 1101, particle storage room; 1102, cabin wall; 1103, sealing layer; 1104, corrosion resistant layer; 1105, dehumidification device; 1106, temperature and pressure controller; 1107, particle conveyor belt; 12, land CaCO 3 Storage tank; 13. Onshore CaO storage tank; 14. Boiler; 15. Second steam turbine; 16. Generator set. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If the terms "first", "second", "third" are described, they are only used for the purpose of description and distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, a shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power is provided. Figure 1 The system includes the following structure: Power generation units, including wind power generation systems; An offshore energy storage unit, comprising an electric heating device, a pellet feeder, a fluidized bed reactor, a gas-solid separator and an offshore CaO storage tank, wherein the power generation unit is connected to the electric heating device, the electric heating device is connected to the fluidized bed reactor, the fluidized bed reactor is also connected to the pellet feeder and the gas-solid separator, and the gas-solid separator is connected to the offshore CaO storage tank; the fluidized bed reactor completes the heat exchange work between the heat transfer medium of the electric heating device and the CaCO3 transported by the pellet feeder, and the CaCO3 is decomposed by heat in the fluidized bed reactor to generate CaO and is stored in the offshore CaO storage tank; The marine transport unit transports CaO from the CaO storage tank.

[0025] An onshore energy storage unit, the onshore energy storage unit comprises an onshore CaO storage tank, a boiler, a second steam turbine and a generator set, the onshore CaO storage tank is connected to the boiler, the boiler is connected to the second steam turbine, and the second steam turbine is connected to the generator set; CaO enters the boiler to release energy, the superheated steam generated by the boiler enters the second steam turbine, the second steam turbine converts the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy in the generator set.

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, the working process of a ship-borne thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power of the present invention is: using a wind turbine (power generation unit 1) to convert offshore wind energy into electrical energy, using the electric heating device 2 to heat the heat transfer medium to 750°C-1000°C, and completing the heat exchange between the heat transfer medium and CaCO3 in the fluidized bed reactor 3, CaCO3 is decomposed by heat in the furnace to generate CaO while storing a large amount of energy, and the particles after the reaction are cooled by the gas-solid separator 4 and the waste heat exchanger 6 and stored in the CaO storage tank 10, and are transported to the onshore CaO storage tank 13 by shipping facilities for storage, and enter the boiler 14 through the particle conveyor belt to release energy, and the superheated steam generated by the boiler 14 enters the second steam turbine 15 for power generation operation, completing the energy transportation work, and the CaO particles in the boiler 14 are generated into CaCO3 particles after the reaction, which can be stored in the onshore CaCO3 storage tank and transported to the offshore power generation platform for recycling, so as to realize efficient energy consumption and calcium-based thermochemical energy storage materials, and reduce the wind and power abandonment rate.

[0027] After the gas-solid mixture output from the fluidized bed reactor 3 is separated by the gas-solid separator 4, the solid CaO particles enter the waste heat exchanger 6 for waste heat recovery, thereby achieving a cooling effect and heating the steam working medium. The heated steam working medium is introduced into the steam turbine; the fluidized air gas is treated and then introduced into the steam turbine together with the steam working medium to generate waste heat power. The generated electricity can be supplied to the offshore wind power system itself, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the electric heating device 2 is used to absorb the power generated by the wind turbine, by arranging multiple resistance heating plates in the first housing to form a working medium flow channel for the heat transfer medium to flow through and heat the heat transfer medium to 750° C. The heat transfer medium can be one of air or waste heat flue gas.

[0029] Specifically, the outer wall of the first shell 201 is provided with a heat preservation layer, and the first shell 201 is provided with a first particle inlet 203 at the upper end and a first particle outlet 204 at the lower end. Each of the resistance heating plates 202 is vertically arranged and fixedly arranged inside the first shell 201. The resistance heating plates 202 are arranged in parallel with each other, and the resistance heating plates 202 are arranged at equal intervals. The gap between any two adjacent resistance heating plates 202 forms a flow channel 205, and the flow channel 205 can be used for the heat transfer medium to flow through, and when the heat transfer medium flows through, it is heated to above 750°C by each resistance heating plate 202. The resistance heating plate 202 specifically includes a straight plate ceramic shell, and a heating element arranged in the ceramic shell.

[0030] The heat transfer medium flows in from the first particle inlet 203, then flows through the flow channel 205, and finally flows out from the first particle outlet 204. When the heat transfer medium flows through the flow channel 205, it contacts the outer wall of the resistance heating plate 202, and is heated to a predetermined temperature.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the CaCO 3 Tank 9 stores CaCO to be stored 3 Solid particles, whose outer wall includes a first insulation layer 904 and a first structural layer 905 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. In this embodiment, the first insulation layer 904 is set as a 0.4m wide calcium silicate insulation material, and the first structural layer 905 is set as a 0.3m thick concrete, so that the CaCO 3 Storage tank 9 can achieve a heat loss of <3%.

[0032] The CaCO3 storage tank 9 is provided with a fourth particle inlet 901 at the upper end and a fourth particle outlet 902 at the lower end. The fourth particle outlet 902 is funnel-shaped, so that a first curved slope 903 is formed on the inner wall of the fourth particle outlet 902. The first curved slope 903 can prevent the solid particles from accumulating and arching.

[0033] Furthermore, in order to better prevent the solid particles from piling up and arching, the minimum diameter of the fourth particle outlet 902 can be calculated according to the following formula, that is: in, is the minimum diameter of the fourth particle outlet (902), and are the critical stress and critical packing density, respectively.

[0034] The onshore CaCO 3 The structure of the storage tank 12 is similar to that of the above-mentioned CaCO 3 Storage tank 9 is similar, and is provided with a thermal insulation layer, a structural layer, a particle inlet and outlet, and a curved slope.

[0035] The fluidized bed reactor 3 is connected to the CaCO 3 Storage tank 9. In this embodiment, the shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power also includes a particle feeder 5, which is arranged on the CaCO 3 The particle feeder 5 feeds the CaCO 3 The solid particles outputted from the fourth particle outlet 902 of the storage tank 9 are transported to the fluidized bed reactor 3, and the CaCO 3The particles exchange heat with the heat transfer medium in the fluidized bed reactor 3, absorb energy and finally react to generate CaO energy storage particles with high energy density.

[0036] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the fluidized bed reactor 3 includes a second shell 301 and a fluid tube bundle 302 disposed in the second shell 301. The second shell 301 has an air distribution plate 303 at the bottom and a third particle outlet 305 at the top, and a third particle inlet 304 at the bottom side of the second shell. The fluid tube bundle 302 is serpentine, and the inlet end 306 and the outlet end 307 of the fluid tube bundle 302 are disposed on the same side of the second shell 301, wherein the inlet end 306 is disposed at the upper part of the second shell 301, and the outlet end 307 is disposed at the lower part of the second shell 301.

[0037] The CaCO 3 Solid particles input from the storage tank 9 are transported by the particle feeder 5 and enter the second housing 301 through the third particle inlet 304, and air is supplied to the air distribution plate 303. Under the action of the fluidizing wind, the CaCO 3 The particles are blown upward, and the working medium is input from the inlet end 306 and flows downward along the fluid tube bundle 302 until it flows out from the outlet end 307. The heat transfer medium exchanges heat with the CaCO3 particles during the flow process, thereby achieving CaCO 3 The reaction temperature eventually generates CaO particles, and at the same time, the fluidizing air in the second shell 301 that directly contacts the solid particles will also be heated, and finally the CaO particles and the fluidizing air will be discharged from the third particle outlet 305.

[0038] The gas-solid separator 4 is connected to the fluidized bed reactor 3, specifically connected to the third particle outlet 305. The solid particles and fluidizing air outputted from the fluidized bed reactor 3 enter the gas-solid separator 4 and are separated, thereby obtaining CaO solid particles and fluidizing air. The CaO particles are passed into the waste heat exchanger 6 for waste heat recovery and cooling operations, and the fluidizing air is processed and then incorporated into the first steam turbine 7 for waste heat power generation, thereby finally realizing waste heat recovery of the fluidizing air and CaO particles.

[0039] like Figure 5As shown, the CaO storage tank 10 is used to store the room temperature CaO particles obtained by the thermochemical energy storage system through the fluidized bed reactor 3 and the waste heat exchanger 6. The outer wall of the CaO storage tank 10 includes a second insulation layer 1004 and a second structural layer 1005 arranged from the inside to the outside. The second insulation layer 1004 is set to a calcium silicate insulation material with a width of 1 m, and the second structural layer 1005 is set to 0.3 m of concrete. The CaO storage tank 10 can be sealed and stored at room temperature for a long time. The solid particles can achieve a heat loss of <3% and isolate the reaction of CaO with air.

[0040] The CaO storage tank 10 is provided with a second particle inlet 1001 at the upper end and a second particle outlet 1002 at the lower end. The second particle outlet 1002 is funnel-shaped, so that a second curved slope 1003 is formed on the inner wall of the second particle outlet 1002, and the second curved slope 1003 can prevent the solid particles from accumulating and arching.

[0041] The structure of the onshore CaO storage tank 13 is similar to that of the above-mentioned CaO storage tank 10, and both are provided with a thermal insulation layer, a structural layer, a particle inlet and outlet, and a curved slope.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the shipping facility device 11 is used to complete the transportation process of energy storage and release particles between sea and land, and is mainly composed of a particle storage chamber 1101, a cabin wall 1102, and a particle conveyor belt 1107. The cabin wall includes a corrosion-resistant layer 1104 and a sealing layer 1103 arranged from the inside to the outside, the corrosion-resistant layer 1104 is set as a polyethylene material of 0.4 m, and the sealing layer 1103 is set as butyl rubber of 0.5 m. The wall can minimize the reaction with oxygen and moisture when transporting CaO particles by sea, thereby reducing the transportation loss of energy. The particle storage chamber 1101 transports the CaO particles in the offshore CaO storage tank 10 to the storage chamber for storage via a particle conveyor belt 1107, and then unloads the particles via the particle conveyor belt 1107 after reaching the land. A dehumidification device 1105 and a temperature and pressure controller 1106 are provided in the particle storage chamber 1101. By controlling parameters such as moisture content, temperature and pressure in the storage chamber, transportation losses of energy storage particles can be reduced, and CaO particles can be prevented from getting damp and agglomerated, thereby increasing safety and stability of marine transportation.

[0043] In summary, the present invention converts offshore wind energy into electrical energy through a wind turbine, uses an electric heating device to heat the calcium-based thermochemical energy storage material, completes the energy storage operation at 750°C-1000°C, and after the energy storage particles complete the energy storage process, they are concentrated in a storage tank after waste heat recovery and cooling, and transported to land by ship for secondary power generation, and the particles after energy release are transported to the offshore power generation platform for recycling. By utilizing the high energy density and high cycle stability of the calcium-based thermochemical energy storage material modified by the high entropy fluorite oxide, efficient energy consumption is achieved, the wind and power abandonment rate is reduced, and the thermochemical energy storage technology is introduced into the existing offshore wind power system, which opens up a new application area for thermochemical energy storage and provides a new idea for solving the energy consumption and transportation problems of offshore wind power. In addition, after completing the energy storage operation, the present invention absorbs the high-temperature waste heat of the CaO particles through the waste heat exchanger, and the high-temperature steam and high-temperature fluidized wind enter the waste heat power generation device through the pipeline for secondary power generation, which meets the power demand of the thermochemical energy storage system and the offshore wind power generation system and improves the energy utilization efficiency.

[0044] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power, characterized in that: include: A power generation unit (1) comprises a wind power generation system; An offshore energy storage unit comprises an electric heating device (2), a particle feeder (5), a fluidized bed reactor (3), a gas-solid separator (4) and an offshore CaO storage tank (10), wherein the power generation unit is connected to the electric heating device (2), the electric heating device (2) is connected to the fluidized bed reactor (3), the fluidized bed reactor (3) is also connected to the particle feeder (5) and the gas-solid separator (4), and the gas-solid separator (4) is connected to the offshore CaO storage tank (10); the fluidized bed reactor (3) performs heat exchange between the heat transfer medium of the electric heating device (2) and the CaCO3 transported by the particle feeder (5), and the CaCO3 is decomposed by heat in the fluidized bed reactor (3) to generate CaO which is stored in the offshore CaO storage tank (10); The marine transport unit transports CaO from the CaO storage tank.

2. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an onshore energy storage unit, wherein the onshore energy storage unit comprises an onshore CaO storage tank (13), a boiler (14), a second steam turbine (15) and a generator set (16); the onshore CaO storage tank (13) is connected to the boiler (14), the boiler (14) is connected to the second steam turbine (15), and the second steam turbine (15) is connected to the generator set (16); CaO enters the boiler (14) to release energy, the superheated steam generated by the boiler (14) enters the second steam turbine (15), the second steam turbine (15) converts the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy in the generator set (16).

3. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 2, characterized in that: The offshore energy storage unit and the onshore energy storage unit are both provided with CaCO3 storage tanks, namely an offshore CaCO3 storage tank (9) and an onshore CaCO3 storage tank (12). The offshore CaCO3 storage tank is connected to the particle feeder (5), and the onshore CaCO3 storage tank (12) is connected to the boiler (14). The CaO particles in the boiler (14) are reacted to generate CaCO3 particles which are stored in the onshore CaCO3 storage tank (12) and then transported to the offshore CaCO3 storage tank for storage via the offshore transport unit.

4. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offshore energy storage unit further comprises a waste heat exchanger (6), a first steam turbine (7) and a waste heat generator (8). The waste heat exchanger (6) is connected to the gas-solid separator (4). The waste heat exchanger (6) receives the reacted particles from the gas-solid separator (4) and cools them. The waste heat exchanger (6) is connected to the first steam turbine (7). The first steam turbine (7) is connected to the waste heat generator (8). The particles dissipate heat during cooling in the waste heat generator, thereby heating the steam working medium. The heated steam working medium is introduced into the first steam turbine (7) to convert the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy in the waste heat generator (8).

5. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating device (2) comprises a first shell (201), a resistance heating plate (202), a first particle inlet (203), a first particle outlet (204) and a flow channel (205); the outer wall of the first shell (201) is provided with a first thermal insulation layer (904); the first shell (201) is provided with a first particle inlet at the upper end and a first particle outlet at the lower end; each of the resistance heating plates (202) is vertically arranged and fixedly arranged inside the first shell (201); the resistance heating plates (202) are arranged parallel to each other; the resistance heating plates (202) are arranged at equal intervals; the gap between any two adjacent resistance heating plates (202) forms a flow channel (205); the flow channel (205) can allow a heat transfer medium to flow through; the resistance heating plate (202) specifically comprises a straight plate ceramic shell and a heating element arranged in the ceramic shell.

6. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized bed reactor (3) comprises a second shell (301) and a fluid tube bundle (302) arranged in the second shell (301); the second shell (301) is provided with an air distribution plate (303) at the bottom and a third particle outlet (305) at the top; the second shell (301) is provided with a third particle inlet (304) at the bottom side of the second shell (301); the fluid tube bundle (302) is serpentine; the inlet end (306) and the outlet end (307) of the fluid tube bundle (302) are arranged on the same side of the second shell (301); the inlet end (306) is arranged at the upper part of the second shell (301) and the outlet end (307) is arranged at the lower part of the second shell (301).

7. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offshore CaCO3 storage tank (9) stores CaCO3 solid particles to be stored for energy, and its outer wall comprises a first insulation layer (904) and a first structural layer (905) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The upper end of the offshore CaCO3 storage tank (9) is provided with a fourth particle inlet (901), and the lower end is provided with a fourth particle outlet (902), and the fourth particle outlet (902) is funnel-shaped.

8. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 7, characterized in that: The minimum diameter of the fourth particle outlet (902) is calculated according to the following formula, namely: Among them, b crit is the minimum diameter of the fourth particle outlet (902), σ crit and ρ crit are the critical stress and critical packing density, respectively.

9. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The onshore CaCO3 storage tank (12), the offshore CaO storage tank (10) and the onshore CaO storage tank (13) are all consistent in structure with the offshore CaCO3 storage tank (9).

10. A shipboard thermochemical energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The marine transport unit adopts a shipping facility device (11), wherein the shipping facility device (11) comprises a particle storage chamber (1101), a cabin wall (1102), and a particle conveyor belt (1107), wherein the cabin wall comprises a corrosion-resistant layer (1104) and a sealing layer (1103) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the particle storage chamber (1101) transports the CaO particles to the storage chamber via the particle conveyor belt (1107) for storage, and then unloads the particles via the particle conveyor belt (1107) after reaching land, and wherein a dehumidification device (1105) and a temperature and pressure controller (1106) are arranged in the particle storage chamber (1101).

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