A method and equipment for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and equipment for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil, relating to the technical field of explosion stress measurement technology. The method addresses the technical problem of poor accuracy in testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil. The method comprises: providing a stress wave generator, a first fixture, and a second fixture; drilling a center hole and two measuring holes of equal depth in the rock and soil, wherein the two measuring holes are equidistant from the center hole; placing the stress wave generator in the center hole, and the first fixture and the second fixture in the two measuring holes, respectively; wherein the first sensing surface and the edge of the guide portion facing away from the second steel pipe are both positioned opposite the stress wave generator; collecting a first stress value from the first sensor and a second stress value from the second sensor; storing the first stress value when the ratio of the first stress value to the second stress value is between 1 and 1 / μ; otherwise, discarding the first stress value; wherein μ is the Poisson's ratio of the rock and soil. This method offers high measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of explosion stress measurement, and in particular to a method and equipment for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil. Background Art

[0002] In order to measure explosion stress waves in rock and soil, related technologies usually use a long cylindrical barrel model to fill the rock and soil to be tested to simulate the underground rock and soil environment. The model diameter and barrel height generally do not exceed 10m, and the test range of the stress wave is limited.

[0003] While field-based blast stress testing in rock and soil can expand the test range, the area of ​​rock and soil that needs to be backfilled after the sensors are buried also increases accordingly. This creates a significant workload for backfilling layer by layer, resulting in low experimental efficiency. Furthermore, directly burying the sensors in the rock and soil can easily cause the sensors to move or the sensitive surface to change orientation due to soil addition and compaction during backfilling, resulting in poor accuracy in the blast stress waves measured by the sensors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and equipment for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil, so as to solve the technical problem of poor accuracy in testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil, comprising:

[0007] A stress wave generator, a first tooling, and a second tooling are provided; wherein the first tooling includes a first sensor, a first steel pipe, and a first plate disposed at the bottom end of the first steel pipe, wherein a first surface of the first plate has a first opening for exposing a first sensing surface of the first sensor;

[0008] The second tooling includes a second steel tube and a second plate perpendicularly disposed at the bottom end of the second steel tube. The second plate has two second surfaces distributed along a first direction. The axial direction of the second steel tube is perpendicular to the first direction. One of the second surfaces has a second opening for exposing a second sensing surface of a second sensor. The second plate has a flow guide portion surrounding the second sensing surface, and the flow guide portion gradually becomes thinner as it moves away from the second sensing surface.

[0009] Drilling a central hole and two measuring holes of the same depth in the rock soil, wherein the two measuring holes are at the same distance from the central hole;

[0010] The stress wave generator is placed in the central hole, and the first tooling and the second tooling are placed in the two measuring holes respectively; wherein the first sensing surface and the edge of the guide portion facing away from the second steel pipe are both arranged opposite to the stress wave generator;

[0011] A first stress value of the first sensor and a second stress value of the second sensor are collected; when a ratio of the first stress value to the second stress value is 1 to 1 / μ, the first stress value is stored; otherwise, the first stress value is discarded; wherein μ is the Poisson's ratio of the rock and soil.

[0012] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the stress wave generator is placed in the central hole, and the first tooling and the second tooling are placed in the two measuring holes respectively, comprising:

[0013] Lead the wire of the first sensor through the first steel pipe to the ground, and lead the wire of the second sensor through the second steel pipe to the ground; wherein, part of the first steel pipe is located above the ground, and part of the second steel pipe is located above the ground.

[0014] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, when drilling a central hole and two measuring holes with the same hole depth in the rock soil, the method includes:

[0015] Two measuring holes are drilled, and the two measuring holes and the center hole are on the same straight line.

[0016] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, when the stress wave generator is placed in the central hole, and the first tooling and the second tooling are placed in the two measuring holes respectively, the method includes:

[0017] The first steel pipe and the second steel pipe are adjusted so that the center point of the first sensing surface of the first sensor, the center point of the second sensing surface of the second sensor, and the center point of the stress wave generator are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0018] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, after the stress wave generator is placed in the central hole and the first tooling and the second tooling are respectively placed in the two measuring holes, the testing method further includes:

[0019] The rock and soil in the central hole and the two measuring holes are backfilled and compacted.

[0020] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, after backfilling and compacting the rock and soil in the center hole and the two measuring holes, the testing method further includes:

[0021] The stress wave generator is started to generate a stress wave that propagates spherically.

[0022] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the first tool further includes a transverse tube, the two ends of which are respectively vertically connected to the bottom end of the first steel tube and the top end of the first plate, and the first opening is close to the bottom end of the first plate; the testing method further includes:

[0023] Lead the wire of the first sensor through the horizontal pipe and the first steel pipe to the ground.

[0024] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the first steel pipe includes a plurality of first pipe sections, the second steel pipe includes a plurality of second pipe sections, and the testing method further includes:

[0025] The first steel pipe is formed by screwing a plurality of the first pipe segments together, and the second steel pipe is formed by screwing a plurality of the second pipe segments together.

[0026] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the first tool further includes a first rubber tube, the second tool further includes a second rubber tube, and the testing method further includes:

[0027] Passing the wire of the first sensor through the first rubber tube, and fixing the first rubber tube at the central axis of the first steel tube;

[0028] Pass the wire of the second sensor through the second rubber tube, and fix the second rubber tube at the central axis of the second steel tube.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a testing device for explosion stress waves in rock and soil at great depths, wherein the testing device executes the testing method described in the first aspect.

[0030] One or more technical solutions provided in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects.

[0031] The exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil. The method uses a deep hole drill bit to drill downward in the rock and soil, and respectively opens a central hole and two measuring holes with the same hole depth, wherein the two measuring holes are at the same horizontal distance from the central hole. The bottom of the central hole is used to place a stress wave generator, such as a blasting device, etc.; the bottoms of the two measuring holes are respectively placed with a first sensor in the first tooling and a second sensor in the second tooling to measure the stress waves at the two positions. Specifically, the first sensing surface of the first sensor is arranged relative to the stress wave generator, and the positive stress (first stress value) of the explosion stress wave can be measured; and the lateral direction of the second sensing surface of the second sensor (the edge of the guide part away from the second steel pipe) is arranged relative to the stress wave generator, and the lateral stress (second stress value) of the explosion stress wave can be measured.

[0032] Because the stress wave generator generates a spherically propagating stress wave, the stress wave values ​​at locations with the same spatial distance from it are identical, meaning the stress waves measured by the first and second sensors are identical. Furthermore, at the same location in the rock and soil, the ratio of the first stress value (normal stress) to the second stress value (lateral stress) has a certain proportional relationship. When this ratio is between 1 and 1 / μ, where μ is the Poisson's ratio of the rock and soil, the first stress value measured by the first sensor is accurate. However, when this ratio is outside the range of 1 to 1 / μ, the first stress value measured by the first sensor is inaccurate. Therefore, this proportional relationship can be used to determine whether the first sensor is aligned with the stress wave generator, and thus whether the first stress value measured by the first sensor is true and reliable.

[0033] Compared to existing technologies, drilling is not limited by depth and can test blast stress waves at depths ranging from tens to hundreds of meters, expanding the testing range. Furthermore, the workload of backfilling the borehole is reduced, improving experimental efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, the two pressure sensors of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention are fixed on the steel pipe, and their wires extend out of the ground through the steel pipe, so that they are not easily moved or the direction of the sensing surface is changed during backfilling, thereby making the test structure accurate.

[0035] Furthermore, a guide portion is provided around part of the circumference of the second sensing surface of the second sensor. The guide portion is roughly fan-shaped, thick in the middle and thin at the edges, that is, along the direction of propagation of the explosion stress wave. The guide portion can guide the stress wave to the second sensing surface, and minimize the influence of the shape of the second plate itself on the stress wave as much as possible, so that the second stress value measured by the second sensor can be closer to the actual stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention. These drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.

[0037] Figure 1 is an axonometric structural diagram of a first tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a first tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is an axonometric structural diagram of a second tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a second tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a second plate and an explosion stress wave according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6A is the stress of the first sensor test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6B is a stress of a second sensor test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 ] are peak stress fitting curves of the first sensor and the second sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Reference numerals: 11, first plate; 111, first surface; 12, first steel pipe; 13, transverse pipe; 14, first sensing surface; 21, second plate; 211, flow guide; 22, second steel pipe; 24, second sensing surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] In related technologies, model testing methods are often used to test stress wave pressure in underground rock and soil, with pressure sensors directly buried for measurement. The main problems include: most barrel-shaped models are filled with the rock and soil to simulate the underground rock and soil environment. The cylindrical model structure is generally no longer than 10 meters, which limits the stress wave test range; directly burying pressure sensors requires large-scale excavation, which is labor-intensive, and the hard rock and soil in the medium are unprotected, which can easily damage the sensor wires. Furthermore, the pressure sensor is prone to deviating from the original measurement point during the burial process, making it impossible to guarantee the accuracy of stress wave testing.

[0048] In response to the above problems, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil, which adopts a drilling method and a method of burying two sensors by encapsulating and fixing them with tooling. At the same time, two different toolings are used to respectively measure the lateral stress and normal stress of the explosion stress wave, and the lateral stress is used to verify whether the measurement result of the normal stress is correct.

[0049] The method for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0050] Step S100: providing a stress wave generator, a first tooling and a second tooling.

[0051] The stress wave generator can generate spherically propagating stress waves, for example, to detonate small or large explosive charges, such as those weighing thousands of kilograms. This testing method is applicable to detonating large explosive charges at great depths and yields, with both depths and test ranges reaching tens of meters.

[0052] Figure 1 is an axonometric structural diagram of a first tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first tooling includes a first sensor, a first steel tube 12 and a first plate 11 provided at the bottom end of the first steel tube 12 . The first surface 111 of the first plate 11 has a first opening for exposing the first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor.

[0053] In actual applications, the first sensor is encapsulated in the first plate 11, and its first sensing surface 14 is exposed through a first opening provided in the first surface 111 of the first plate 11, and can receive and sense stress waves. For example, the first sensor can be a pressure sensor, optionally a quartz sensor, which has stable sensitivity. The wires of the first sensor can extend from the ground through the first steel pipe 12 to be connected to a data acquisition device. The first steel pipe 12 can drive the first plate 11 to extend into the corresponding borehole to bury the first sensor in the borehole in a predetermined orientation. The wires of the first sensor can also be protected to prevent hard rock and soil from damaging the wires of the first sensor, resulting in damage to the insulation layer, excessive signal noise, or even cutting off the wires of the first sensor and making it impossible to detect a signal.

[0054] For example, the top of the first plate 11 is positioned at the bottom of the first steel tube 12, and the first opening is located on the first surface 111 of the first plate 11, near the bottom. The first opening is consistent in shape and size with the first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor, and may be, for example, circular. The first sensing surface 14 is located below and away from the first steel tube 12, thereby reducing the reflection of stress waves from the first steel tube 12, which could affect the accuracy of data acquisition by the first sensor.

[0055] In one example, the first tooling further includes a transverse tube 13 , both ends of which are vertically connected to the bottom end of the first steel tube 12 and the top end of the first plate 11 , respectively, and the first opening is close to the bottom end of the first plate 11 .

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the transverse tube 13 and the first plate 11 are arranged in an L-shape, and the transverse tube 13 and the first steel tube 12 are also arranged in an L-shape. The transverse tube 13 can be regarded as a cantilever, so that the first steel tube 12 and the first sensor are separated by a certain distance in the horizontal direction. The first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor is close to the bottom end of the first plate 11, that is, there is a certain distance between the first sensing surface 14 and the first steel tube 12 in both the vertical and horizontal directions. This allows the reflection of the stress wave by the first steel tube 12 to minimize interference with the first sensor data.

[0057] When the transverse pipe 13 is connected to the first steel pipe 12 , the wire of the first sensor can pass through the transverse pipe 13 and reach the ground.

[0058] For example, the bottom end of the first steel tube 12 can be closed or open, without affecting the protection of the wires therein.

[0059] In one example, the first plate 11 is made of a material that matches the wave impedance of rock and soil, such as nylon, PVC plastic, etc., which can reduce the impact on the first sensor, thereby reducing experimental errors and more accurately measuring the forward pressure of the explosion.

[0060] Figure 3 is an axonometric structural diagram of a second tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 : is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the second tooling provided by the exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a second steel tube 22 and a second plate 21 vertically arranged at the bottom end of the second steel tube 22, the second plate 21 having two second surfaces distributed along the first direction, the axial direction of the second steel tube 22 is perpendicular to the first direction, and one second surface has a second opening for exposing the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor; the second plate 21 has a guide portion 211 surrounding the second sensing surface 24, and the thickness of the guide portion 211 gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the second sensing surface 24.

[0061] The second plate 21 and the second steel tube 22 are arranged in an L-shape, and the axial direction of the second steel tube 22 can be perpendicular to the second surface, that is, the first direction is the vertical direction. Figure 3 As shown, the axial direction of the second steel tube 22 may also be parallel to the second surface, that is, the first direction is the horizontal direction.

[0062] A second opening is formed on one of the two opposite second surfaces of the second plate 21 to expose the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor packaged in the second plate 21 , and the wire of the second sensor can extend out of the ground through the second steel pipe 22 .

[0063] The second opening is arranged at a position of the second plate 21 away from the second steel pipe 22 , which can minimize the influence of the stress wave reflected by the second steel pipe 22 on the stress measurement accuracy of the second sensor.

[0064] A guide portion 211 is formed at one end of the second plate 21 away from the second steel pipe 22. The guide portion 211 is a pancake-shaped structure with a thick middle and thin edges, which surrounds part of the circumference of the second opening. When it is fixed in the drilled hole, the edge of the guide portion 211 faces the stress wave generator. Since its edge is sharp and gradually thickens in the middle, the stress wave can propagate unimpeded to the second opening, that is, the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor, so that the influence of the shape of the second plate 21 itself on the stress wave is minimized, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the second sensor.

[0065] In one example, the material of the second plate 21 is the same as that of the first plate 11 , the shape and size of the second opening is the same as that of the first opening, and the shape and thickness of the second steel pipe 22 is the same as that of the first steel pipe 12 , which are not repeated here.

[0066] The first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor can face the stress wave generator and measure the normal stress of the stress wave; the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor can face the stress wave generator and measure the lateral stress of the stress wave. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the second plate 21 and the explosion stress wave according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Under the action of explosive stress waves, there is a certain relationship between the normal stress and lateral stress of rock and soil, as described below:

[0068] A. Rock and soil present elastic stress state under the action of explosion stress.

[0069] In the elastic state, the rock and soil present a triaxial stress state due to the blast stress. The blast stress σ at a point in the rock and soil is r It can be divided into three normal stress components and six shear stress components. The nine components are arranged according to certain rules, as shown in Formula 1.

[0070]

[0071] When the explosion stress is transmitted to the second sensor, Figure 5 As shown, since the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor is placed perpendicular to the explosion center, the three-dimensional stress on each surface element only has normal stress, and the shear stress is equal to 0. Equation 1 can be rewritten as Equation 2:

[0072]

[0073] The stress data recorded by the second sensor is σ perpendicular to the second sensing surface 24. zz The time course curve.

[0074] It should be noted that the stress waves tested by the first sensor and the second sensor are generated by the same stress wave generator, that is, the normal stress obtained by the first sensor is the explosion stress σ r , therefore, in the actual test process, the lateral stress σ 侧 will always be less than the normal stress σ 正 , both satisfy Equation 3.

[0075] σ zz =σ 侧 =σ r μ = σ 正 μ, Equation 3;

[0076] Where μ is the Poisson's ratio of rock and soil.

[0077] Thus, the ratio of normal stress to lateral stress can be obtained, which satisfies Equation 4.

[0078]

[0079] B. Rock and soil are in a fluid state under the action of explosive stress.

[0080] Formula 1 can be rewritten as Formula 5,

[0081]

[0082] σ m is the stress in each direction, and the magnitudes of the three directions are equal. In the fluid state, the stress recorded by the first sensor and the second sensor are both volume stress, so we get formula 6:

[0083]

[0084] Thus, the ratio of normal stress to lateral stress can be obtained, which satisfies Equation 7.

[0085]

[0086] In the rock and soil explosion test, the rock and soil medium in the area near the explosive is in a fluid state, and in the area far from the explosive is in an elastic state. From the above, we can get Equation 8:

[0087]

[0088] In the rock and soil explosion test, the normal stress and lateral stress obtained by the first sensor and the second sensor have a ratio between them in the range of [1, 1 / μ], where μ can be accurately expressed as the Poisson's ratio by field surveying the rock and soil.

[0089] Step S200: drilling a center hole and two measuring holes with the same depth in rock and soil, wherein the two measuring holes are at the same distance from the center hole.

[0090] In one example, a typical flat terrain is selected within the test site. A deep-hole drill is used to drill a measurement hole with a diameter sufficient to accommodate both the first and second fixtures. The measurement hole is positioned at the same distance from the center hole, ensuring that the measured first and second stress values ​​represent stress waves of the same intensity generated at the explosion center, thereby determining the accuracy of the first stress value.

[0091] In practical applications, the depths of the two measuring holes may be slightly greater than the depth of the central hole, so that there is room for adjustment of the positions of the first sensing surface and the second sensing surface.

[0092] Step S300: placing the stress wave generator in the central hole, and placing the first fixture and the second fixture in the two measuring holes respectively; wherein the first sensing surface 14 and the edge of the guide portion 211 away from the second steel pipe 22 are both arranged opposite to the stress wave generator.

[0093] The first sensor and the second sensor can be placed at the bottom of the measuring hole respectively through the first steel pipe 12 and the second steel pipe 22. Specifically, the first steel pipe and the second steel pipe are adjusted so that the first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor faces the explosion center, and the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor faces the explosion center. That is, the sharp edge of the guide part 211 facing away from the second steel pipe 22 faces the explosion center.

[0094] Exemplarily, the first steel pipe 12 and the second steel pipe 22 are adjusted so that the center point of the first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor, the center point of the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor, and the center point of the stress wave generator are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0095] The measuring hole is then backfilled with in-situ soil. During this process, the soil pit is tamped several times with a long stick so that the rock and soil density after backfilling is similar to that before drilling.

[0096] From the above, it can be seen that the depth of burying the stress wave generator by drilling is not limited. Even the stress wave generated by a large-yield explosion can eliminate the influence of ground reflection on the test results, reduce the error of the experiment, and obtain a more accurate explosion stress size. The depth of the center hole can be set to exceed the critical no-effect burial depth.

[0097] Compared with excavating tunnels for burial, the testing method of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention not only saves a lot of backfilling work, but is also applicable to the precise measurement of stress waves generated by large-yield explosions.

[0098] In one example, the first steel pipe 12 of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes multiple first pipe segments, and the second steel pipe 22 includes multiple second pipe segments. Each first pipe segment is threaded at both ends, so that the multiple first pipe segments can be assembled to form the first steel pipe 12 according to the actual hole depth requirements. Each second pipe segment is threaded at both ends, so that the multiple second pipe segments can be assembled to form the second steel pipe 22 according to the actual hole depth requirements. For example, the multiple first pipe segments and the multiple second pipe segments can be fixed together in the form of sleeves, so that the lengths can be flexibly adjusted, increasing the flexibility and practicality of the test.

[0099] Exemplarily, the first tooling of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention further includes a first rubber tube, and the second tooling further includes a second rubber tube.

[0100] In practice, the first sensor's wires are threaded through a first rubber tube, which is secured to the center axis of the first steel pipe. The second sensor's wires are threaded through a second rubber tube, which is secured to the center axis of the second steel pipe. The rubber tubes not only further protect the sensor wires but also reduce the transmission of vibration and shock. Within the steel pipe, securing the sensor wires in the center of the pipe prevents direct contact between the sensor wires and the pipe, thereby reducing wear and damage.

[0101] Step S400: starting the stress wave generator to generate a stress wave that propagates spherically.

[0102] After the stress wave generator is activated, the data acquisition device collects the first stress value of the first sensor and the second stress value of the second sensor via corresponding wires. The control device determines whether the first stress value is accurate based on the ratio of the first stress value to the second stress value measured at the same distance from the detonation center.

[0103] When the ratio of the first stress value to the second stress value is 1 to 1 / μ, it indicates that the first stress value is accurate, and therefore, the first stress value is stored; when it is not within the above range, it indicates that the first stress value cannot accurately reflect the actual stress value, and the data is discarded.

[0104] Specifically, the stress wave generated by the stress wave generator is equivalent to the stress wave generated by 1kg of TNT explosives. The depth of the center hole is 1.6m. A set of typical stress time history curves are measured, such as Figure 6A-Figure 6B As shown, Figure 6A is the stress of the first sensor test according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6B is the stress of the second sensor test according to an embodiment of the present invention. γ is the explosion stress at a certain point, in MPa; t is the time, in ms; the actual distance from the explosion center (the distance between the measurement point and the explosion center) R is measured in brackets, in m. It can be seen that as the distance from the explosion center increases, the peak stress decreases; the curve shows a double-wave structure. It should be noted that Figure 6A The plane tooling in the figure refers to the stress curve of the first tooling. Figure 6B The pancake-shaped fixture in the figure refers to the stress curve of the second fixture.

[0105] Figure 7 is a peak stress fitting curve of the first sensor and the second sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the flat tooling refers to the first tooling and the circular tooling refers to the second tooling. The peak stress σ measured by the first sensor is B and the peak stress σ measured by the second sensor F Fitting is performed to obtain Equation 9 and Equation 10 respectively.

[0106] σ B =0.188Z -2.44 , formula nine;

[0107] σ F =0.123Z -2.26 , formula ten.

[0108] Where Z is the proportional distance in m·kg -1 / 3 , Z=R / Q 1 / 3 , where R is the distance between the measurement point and the explosion center, and Q is the TNT charge in kg.

[0109] As shown in Equations 9 and 10, the peak stress of the stress wave and the proportional distance satisfy the exponential decay law theoretically calculated in the engineering manual, which means that both the first sensor and the second sensor can accurately measure the stress wave in the rock and soil.

[0110] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for testing explosion stress waves in rock and soil at great depths, and the device executes the testing method of the above embodiment.

[0111] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the test equipment includes a stress wave generator, a first tooling and a second tooling; wherein the first tooling includes a first sensor, a first steel pipe 12 and a first plate 11 provided at the bottom end of the first steel pipe 12, and a first surface of the first plate 11 has a first opening for exposing a first sensing surface 14 of the first sensor;

[0112] The second tooling includes a second steel tube 22 and a second plate 21 vertically arranged at the bottom end of the second steel tube 22. The second plate 21 has two second surfaces distributed along the first direction. The axial direction of the second steel tube 22 is perpendicular to the first direction. One second surface has a second opening for exposing the second sensing surface 24 of the second sensor; the second plate 21 has a guide portion 211 surrounding the second sensing surface 24, and the thickness of the guide portion 211 gradually becomes thinner as it moves away from the second sensing surface 24.

[0113] The technical advantages of the above-mentioned testing equipment over the existing technology are the same as the technical advantages of the testing method for explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil in the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely for the purpose of illustrating the present invention clearly, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other changes or modifications may be made based on the above disclosure, and such changes or modifications are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil, characterized in that: include: A stress wave generator, a first tooling, and a second tooling are provided; wherein the first tooling includes a first sensor, a first steel pipe, and a first plate disposed at the bottom end of the first steel pipe, wherein a first surface of the first plate has a first opening for exposing a first sensing surface of the first sensor; The second tooling includes a second steel tube and a second plate perpendicularly disposed at the bottom end of the second steel tube, the second plate having two second surfaces distributed along a first direction, the axial direction of the second steel tube being perpendicular to the first direction, and one of the second surfaces having a second opening for exposing a second sensing surface of the second sensor; the second plate having a flow guide portion surrounding the second sensing surface, the flow guide portion gradually becoming thinner as it moves away from the second sensing surface; The first sensing surface of the first sensor faces the stress wave generator; the second sensing surface of the second sensor faces the stress wave generator; Drilling a central hole and two measuring holes of the same depth in the rock soil, wherein the two measuring holes are at the same distance from the central hole; The stress wave generator is placed in the central hole, and the first tooling and the second tooling are placed in the two measuring holes respectively; wherein the first sensing surface and the edge of the guide portion facing away from the second steel pipe are both arranged opposite to the stress wave generator; A first stress value of a first sensor and a second stress value of a second sensor are collected; when a ratio of the first stress value to the second stress value is 1 to 1 / μ, the first stress value is stored; otherwise, the first stress value is discarded; wherein μ is the Poisson's ratio of the rock and soil.

2. The testing method according to claim 1, wherein: Placing the stress wave generator in the central hole, and placing the first tooling and the second tooling in the two measuring holes respectively, comprising: Lead the wire of the first sensor through the first steel pipe to the ground, and lead the wire of the second sensor through the second steel pipe to the ground; wherein, part of the first steel pipe is located above the ground, and part of the second steel pipe is located above the ground.

3. The testing method according to claim 1, wherein: When a center hole and two measuring holes having the same hole depth are drilled in the rock and soil, the method includes: Two measuring holes are drilled, and the two measuring holes and the center hole are on the same straight line.

4. The testing method according to claim 3, wherein: When the stress wave generator is placed in the central hole and the first tooling and the second tooling are placed in the two measuring holes respectively, the method includes: The first steel pipe and the second steel pipe are adjusted so that the center point of the first sensing surface of the first sensor, the center point of the second sensing surface of the second sensor, and the center point of the stress wave generator are located on the same horizontal plane.

5. The testing method according to claim 1, wherein: After placing the stress wave generator in the central hole and placing the first tooling and the second tooling in the two measuring holes respectively, the testing method further includes: The rock and soil in the central hole and the two measuring holes are backfilled and compacted.

6. The testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After backfilling and compacting the rock and soil in the center hole and the two measuring holes, the testing method further includes: The stress wave generator is started to generate a stress wave that propagates spherically.

7. The testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The first tool further includes a cross pipe, and the testing method further includes: Lead the wire of the first sensor through the horizontal pipe and the first steel pipe to the ground.

8. The testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first steel pipe includes a plurality of first pipe sections, the second steel pipe includes a plurality of second pipe sections, and the testing method further includes: The first steel pipe is formed by screwing a plurality of the first pipe segments together, and the second steel pipe is formed by screwing a plurality of the second pipe segments together.

9. The testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first tool further includes a first rubber tube, the second tool further includes a second rubber tube, and the testing method further includes: Passing the wire of the first sensor through the first rubber tube, and fixing the first rubber tube at the central axis of the first steel tube; Pass the wire of the second sensor through the second rubber tube, and fix the second rubber tube at the central axis of the second steel tube.

10. A testing device for explosion stress waves in deep rock and soil, characterized in that: The testing device performs the testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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