Metal frictional wear detection method and system based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wear detection, and discloses a non-linear Rayleigh wave-based metal friction wear detection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the non-linear Rayleigh wave detection of wear damage obtained after a wear test of a metal test piece, and obtaining a corresponding non-linear response signal, performing multiple groups of wear tests under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damages; extracting a fundamental wave, a second harmonic wave and a third harmonic wave in the nonlinear response signal, obtaining a second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic wave, and obtaining a third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic wave; and constructing mapping relationships between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal test piece after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal test piece and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterizing and evaluating frictional wear based on the mapping relationships. According to the invention, nondestructive in-situ detection of metal wear damage of a mechanical system can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of wear detection technology, and more specifically, relates to a metal friction and wear detection method and system based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves. Background Art

[0002] Titanium alloy materials are widely used in various mechanical systems due to their excellent performance. However, during service, titanium alloy parts will inevitably produce friction and wear, which will cause volume loss and residual stress in the wear area, thereby reducing the safety performance and service life of the mechanical system. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to carry out the assessment, diagnosis and early warning of wear damage of titanium alloy materials.

[0003] At present, the detection of metal wear damage mainly relies on material analysis and testing technology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) can observe the surface morphology of the wear position of the test piece. X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS) is used to analyze the composition of the wear surface or abrasive particles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) can observe subtle structural changes such as microcracks, dislocations and phase changes on the wear surface. However, these testing technologies can only detect surface and near-surface features, and cannot detect deeper wear features. These tests are expensive and time-consuming. In addition, these testing equipment can only detect smaller specimens, and the parts need to be cut, which makes it impossible to achieve non-destructive and in-situ testing. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves, aiming to solve the problem that the existing metal wear damage detection methods cannot achieve non-destructive and in-situ detection of metal parts of various sizes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves, comprising:

[0006] S1 performs nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection on the wear damage of the metal specimen after the wear test to obtain a corresponding nonlinear response signal, wherein multiple groups of wear tests are performed under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damage;

[0007] S2 extracts the fundamental wave, the second harmonic and the third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal, obtains the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic, and obtains the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic;

[0008] S3 constructs the mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimen after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterizes and evaluates the friction and wear based on the mapping relationship.

[0009] This application uses nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection technology to perform nondestructive and in-situ detection of wear damage. When a metal specimen produces friction and wear, friction characteristics such as wear volume loss and residual stress will be generated near the wear area. Rayleigh waves interact with these defects to produce nonlinear responses such as second harmonics and third harmonics. By analyzing these nonlinear responses, friction and wear can be characterized and evaluated.

[0010] Furthermore, the wear characteristic parameters include: wear morphology, residual stress information and wear depth, or wear morphology, residual stress information and wear volume.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the method for obtaining the wear characteristic parameters includes: obtaining the wear morphology, wear depth and wear volume through white light interferometry detection; and obtaining residual stress information through X-ray diffraction detection.

[0012] Furthermore, the wear parameters include: normal load, wear cycles and displacement amplitude.

[0013] Furthermore, the normal load varies between 0N-100N, and the variation amplitude is 25N.

[0014] Furthermore, the wear cycles vary between 0 and 6000 times, and the range of variation is 1500 times.

[0015] Furthermore, the displacement amplitude varies between 0 mm and 4 mm, and the variation amplitude is 1 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient is calculated by the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, A1 is the frequency domain amplitude of the fundamental wave, A2 is the frequency domain amplitude of the second harmonic, and β is the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient;

[0019] The third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient is calculated by the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, δ is the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and A3 is the frequency domain amplitude of the third harmonic.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present application, a system for implementing any of the above metal friction and wear detection methods is also disclosed, comprising:

[0023] A detection module is used to perform nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection on the wear damage obtained by the metal specimen after the wear test to obtain a corresponding nonlinear response signal, wherein multiple groups of wear tests are performed under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damage;

[0024] A data processing module, used for extracting a fundamental wave, a second harmonic and a third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal, obtaining a second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic, and obtaining a third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic;

[0025] The detection result acquisition module is used to construct the mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimen after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterize and evaluate the friction and wear based on the mapping relationship.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present application, another computer program product is disclosed. When the computer program product is run on a processor, the processor is enabled to execute any of the above methods.

[0027] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by this application have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0028] (1) The present application proposes a nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection method suitable for metal wear damage. The Rayleigh wave detection method is used to obtain the second harmonic signal and the third harmonic signal generated by the Rayleigh wave after the wear damage. The second harmonic signal and the third harmonic signal are used to perform nonlinear characterization of the wear damage, and a mapping relationship between the metal wear characteristic parameters and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient is constructed, thereby realizing the characterization and evaluation of wear damage with a more complex nonlinear induction mechanism, thereby realizing nondestructive in-situ detection of wear damage in various mechanical systems.

[0029] (2) The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves proposed in this application constructs the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave, second harmonic and third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal. Since the second harmonic has a larger amplitude and is less affected by external factors, its data results are more stable. Although the third harmonic has a smaller amplitude, it is more sensitive to wear damage. Therefore, the combination of the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate and characterize the friction and wear of the metal surface.

[0030] (3) The detection method of the present application can realize in-situ detection of metal, and thus can detect and warn of early metal wear, thereby improving the operating safety and service life of the mechanical system where the metal parts are located.

[0031] (4) The present application obtains the amplitudes of the fundamental wave, second harmonic and third harmonic in the frequency domain of the Rayleigh wave packet containing nonlinear characteristics, and obtains the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient through the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient calculation formula. The wear morphology, wear depth / wear volume and residual stress information under different wear parameters are obtained through wear characteristic parameter detection to construct a mapping relationship between the wear morphology, wear depth / wear volume, residual stress and the corresponding ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient under different wear parameters, thereby completing the characterization and evaluation of wear damage through the mapping relationship.

[0032] (5) Different wear characteristics have different effects on the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, among which residual stress has the greatest impact on the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient. The detection method provided in this application can more accurately characterize and evaluate wear damage with the help of the nonlinear signal generated by residual stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a nonlinear Rayleigh wave ultrasonic detection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 is a graph showing changes in ultrasonic nonlinear coefficients under different wear parameters provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a two-dimensional wear morphology diagram under different wear parameters provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 is a wear depth / volume variation diagram under different wear parameters provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a residual stress accumulation diagram under different wear parameters provided in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0040] The term "and / or" in this article is a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The symbol " / " in this article indicates that the associated objects are in an or relationship, for example, A / B means A or B.

[0041] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims herein are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order of the objects. For example, a first response message and a second response message are used to distinguish different response messages rather than to describe a specific order of the response messages.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more than two. For example, multiple processing units refer to two or more processing units, etc.; multiple elements refer to two or more elements, etc.

[0044] This embodiment provides a metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves. Figure 1 As shown, the steps of the detection method include:

[0045] S1 performs nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection on the wear damage of the metal specimen after the wear test to obtain a corresponding nonlinear response signal, wherein multiple groups of wear tests are performed under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damage.

[0046] Specifically, an undamaged metal specimen is placed on a multifunctional wear testing machine for wear testing. The wear parameters varied in each group of tests, and the other set wear parameters were the same:

[0047] Wear tests were conducted under different normal loads, and the wear parameters were set as follows: 3000 wear cycles, 5 Hz reciprocating frequency; normal load varied between 0N-100N, and the variation interval was 25N; displacement amplitude was 4mm;

[0048] Wear tests were carried out under different wear cycles, and the wear parameters were set as follows: wear cycles 0-6000 times, with an interval of 1500; reciprocating frequency 5 Hz, normal load 25 N, and displacement amplitude 4 mm;

[0049] Wear tests were carried out under different displacement amplitudes, and the wear parameters were set as follows: 3000 wear cycles, 5 Hz reciprocating frequency, 25 N normal load; the displacement amplitude was 0 mm-4 mm, and the change interval was 1 mm;

[0050] The corresponding wear damage is obtained through the above three wear tests.

[0051] The principle of nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection of wear damage obtained on metal specimens after wear tests is as follows: the Rayleigh wave signal is excited by the transmitting probe of the nonlinear Rayleigh wave ultrasonic detection system to realize detection. During detection, the Rayleigh wave signal will propagate along the surface of the wear specimen and pass through the wear damage, thereby generating nonlinear characteristics.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the nonlinear Rayleigh wave ultrasonic detection device used in this embodiment, which includes wear test pieces under different wear parameters, ultrasonic excitation equipment, power amplifier, pressure sensor, oscilloscope, ultrasonic experimental platform, Rayleigh wave transmitting probe and receiving probe. The ultrasonic excitation equipment, power amplifier and Rayleigh wave transmitting probe are connected in sequence, the Rayleigh wave receiving probe is connected to the oscilloscope, and the pressure sensors are pressed on top of the Rayleigh wave probes and fixed by the ultrasonic experimental platform.

[0053] The power amplifier amplifies the high-frequency electrical signal of the ultrasonic excitation device, converts the high-frequency electrical signal into an ultrasonic Rayleigh wave vibration signal through the Rayleigh wave transmitting probe, and transmits it to the test piece. The Rayleigh wave receiving probe converts the ultrasonic Rayleigh wave vibration signal passing through the test piece into a high-frequency electrical signal, and transmits it to the oscilloscope for display. The Rayleigh wave probe consists of a longitudinal wave oblique probe and a 60° organic glass wedge.

[0054] More specifically, the interaction between Rayleigh waves and wear damage produces a nonlinear effect, and Rayleigh waves generate nonlinear signals when they meet the residual stress generated by friction and wear. For residual stress, the mechanism of nonlinear ultrasound is that residual stress affects the elastic modulus of the material and causes microscopic deformation of the material, causing the material structure to deviate from the linear state.

[0055] S2 extracts the fundamental wave, the second harmonic and the third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal, obtains the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic, and obtains the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic.

[0056] Specifically, a Rayleigh wave signal containing nonlinear characteristics after wear and damage is received by a Rayleigh wave receiving probe to obtain the amplitudes of the fundamental wave, the second harmonic and the third harmonic, and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient are obtained based on the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient calculation formula and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient calculation formula.

[0057] The method for obtaining the amplitudes of the fundamental wave, the second harmonic and the third harmonic is as follows: perform fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the entire received Rayleigh wave packet containing nonlinear characteristics to obtain the frequency domain information of the entire wave packet, and then extract the amplitudes of the fundamental frequency, the second frequency and the third frequency in the frequency domain to obtain the amplitude of the fundamental wave, the amplitude of the second harmonic and the amplitude of the third harmonic.

[0058] The calculation formula for obtaining the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic is:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, A1 is the frequency domain amplitude of the fundamental wave, A2 is the frequency domain amplitude of the second harmonic, and β is the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient;

[0061] The calculation formula for obtaining the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, δ is the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and A3 is the frequency domain amplitude of the third harmonic.

[0064] S3 constructs the mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimens after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterizes and evaluates the friction and wear based on the mapping relationship. The change curve of the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient under different wear parameters can be obtained by processing and calculating the Rayleigh wave signal of wear damage under different wear parameters. The mapping relationship between the wear morphology, wear depth / volume, residual stress information under different wear parameters and the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient information under different wear parameters is constructed.

[0065] In this embodiment, the wear characteristic parameters are wear morphology, wear depth and residual stress information, or wear morphology, wear volume and residual stress information; specifically, the wear morphology, wear depth and wear volume are obtained by a white light interferometer, and the residual stress information is obtained by an X-ray diffractometer.

[0066] The method of obtaining residual stress information using an X-ray diffractometer includes: obtaining the residual stress at the wear center along the wear stroke direction (L direction) and perpendicular to the wear stroke direction (W direction), and estimating the accumulation of residual stress in the entire wear area by the following formula:

[0067] σ T =σ RS ·S (3)

[0068] Among them, σ T is the residual stress accumulation, σRS is the residual stress at the detection point, and S is the wear area.

[0069] This embodiment uses conventional mathematical methods, such as data modeling software such as MATLAB, to construct a mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimen after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient. In other embodiments, statistical and machine learning methods, such as regression analysis, neural networks or support vector machines, can also be used to analyze the data between the wear characteristic parameters and the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient to establish a mapping model. And use the mapping relationship or mapping model to characterize and evaluate wear damage. The method of constructing a mapping relationship for two or more known parameters is a technical means known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it is the variation curve of the normalized ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient under different wear parameters. The curve where the rectangular points are located represents the variation of the second-order nonlinear coefficient with the wear parameters, and the curve where the circular points are located represents the variation of the third-order nonlinear coefficient with the wear parameters. Figure 3 It can be seen that the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient can distinguish the wear damage under different wear parameters, and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient is more sensitive to wear damage.

[0071] Figure 4 are two-dimensional wear morphology diagrams under different wear parameters, where (a) is a two-dimensional wear morphology diagram of the metal specimen after wear test under different normal loads, (b) is a two-dimensional wear morphology diagram of the metal specimen after wear test under different wear cycles, and (c) is a two-dimensional wear morphology diagram of the metal specimen after wear test under different displacement amplitudes. In each of the above figures, the order from top to bottom according to the color sequence on the right side of the figure corresponds to the wear degree of the metal specimen gradually changing from light to dark. Figure 5 It is a curve diagram of the change of wear depth and wear volume under different wear parameters. Figure 6 It is the residual stress accumulation diagram of the wear area under different wear parameters. Figure 3-5 It can be seen that the changes in wear characteristics under different wear parameters can well verify the nonlinear detection results of wear damage, especially Figure 3 The variation trends of the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient obtained under the three different wear parameters are Figure 5 The variation trend of residual stress accumulation in the test specimen is more consistent, so the introduction of the mapping relationship of residual stress accumulation change can more accurately evaluate the degree of wear damage.

[0072] The detection method provided in this embodiment uses nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection technology to perform nondestructive and in-situ detection of wear damage. When friction and wear occur on a metal specimen, friction characteristics such as wear volume loss and residual stress will be generated near the wear area. Rayleigh waves interact with these defects to generate nonlinear responses such as second harmonics and third harmonics. By analyzing these nonlinear responses and constructing a mapping relationship between wear characteristic parameters and nonlinear coefficients, friction and wear can be accurately characterized and evaluated.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment discloses a system for implementing the metal friction and wear detection method described in Embodiment 1, the system comprising:

[0075] A detection module is used to perform nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection on the wear damage obtained by the metal specimen after the wear test to obtain a corresponding nonlinear response signal, wherein multiple groups of wear tests are performed under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damage;

[0076] A data processing module, used for extracting the fundamental wave, the second harmonic and the third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal, obtaining the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic, and obtaining the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic;

[0077] The detection result acquisition module is used to construct the mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimen after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterize and evaluate the friction and wear based on the mapping relationship.

[0078] It can be understood that the detailed functional implementation of each of the above-mentioned units / modules can be found in the introduction of the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] It should be understood that the above-mentioned system is used to execute the methods in the above-mentioned embodiments. The implementation principles and technical effects of the corresponding program modules in the system are similar to those described in the above-mentioned methods. The working process of the system can refer to the corresponding process in the above-mentioned method and will not be repeated here.

[0080] Based on the method in the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product runs on a processor, the processor executes the method in the above embodiment.

[0081] It is understandable that the processor in the embodiment of the present application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0082] The method steps in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, mobile hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC.

[0083] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted through the computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, a computer, a server or a data center to another website site, a computer, a server or a data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that includes one or more available media integrated. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)), etc.

[0084] It should be understood that the various numerical numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are only used for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves, characterized in that: include: S1 performs nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection on the wear damage of the metal specimen after the wear test to obtain a corresponding nonlinear response signal, wherein multiple groups of wear tests are performed under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damage; S2 extracts the fundamental wave, the second harmonic and the third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal, obtains the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic, and obtains the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic; S3 constructs the mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimen after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterizes and evaluates the friction and wear based on the mapping relationship.

2. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear characteristic parameters include: wear morphology, residual stress information and wear depth, or wear morphology, residual stress information and wear volume.

3. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for obtaining the wear characteristic parameters includes: obtaining the wear morphology, wear depth and wear volume through white light interferometry detection; and obtaining residual stress information through X-ray diffraction detection.

4. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear parameters include: normal load, wear cycles and displacement amplitude.

5. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: The normal load varies between 0N-100N, and the variation amplitude is 25N.

6. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wear cycles vary between 0 and 6000 times, with a variation range of 1500 times.

7. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement amplitude varies between 0 mm and 4 mm, and the variation amplitude is 1 mm.

8. The metal friction and wear detection method based on nonlinear Rayleigh waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient is calculated by the following formula: Among them, A1 is the frequency domain amplitude of the fundamental wave, A2 is the frequency domain amplitude of the second harmonic, and β is the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient; The third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient is calculated by the following formula: Among them, δ is the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and A3 is the frequency domain amplitude of the third harmonic.

9. A system for implementing the metal friction and wear detection method as described in 1-8, characterized in that: include: A detection module is used to perform nonlinear Rayleigh wave detection on the wear damage obtained by the metal specimen after the wear test to obtain a corresponding nonlinear response signal, wherein multiple groups of wear tests are performed under different wear parameters to obtain multiple groups of wear damage; A data processing module, used for extracting a fundamental wave, a second harmonic and a third harmonic in the nonlinear response signal, obtaining a second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the second harmonic, and obtaining a third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient based on the fundamental wave and the third harmonic; The detection result acquisition module is used to construct the mapping relationship between the wear characteristic parameters of the metal specimen after the wear test and the second-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient and the third-order ultrasonic nonlinear coefficient, and comprehensively characterize and evaluate the friction and wear based on the mapping relationship.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that When the computer program product runs on a processor, the processor is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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