Tunnel inverted arch bottom defect monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel inverted arch bottom defect monitoring method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining monitoring data of inverted arch deformation of a target tunnel, and calculating an inverted arch position where defects possibly exist according to the monitoring data, and taking the inverted arch position as a defect position; constructing a defect evolution model of an inverted arch bottom defect position of the target tunnel; continuously acquiring multiple groups of monitoring data, and forming evolution data along a time sequence according to the monitoring data; calculating an actual evolution model from the evolution data through a defect evolution model; and according to the actual evolution model, calculating an opportunity for repairing the defect position, and generating a corresponding repairing scheme. The tunnel inverted arch bottom defect analysis method realizes the analysis of the tunnel inverted arch bottom defect, can effectively simulate the evolution condition of the defect, finds out the opportunity for inverted arch repair and performs repair in time, reduces the damage of the inverted arch bottom defect to the tunnel lining structure, can be suitable for various tunnels possibly having lining bottom defects, and improves the construction efficiency. And the method has good applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to intelligent monitoring technology, and in particular to a tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring method and system. Background Art

[0002] As the supporting structure at the bottom of the tunnel, the invert will be unevenly stressed at the bottom of the tunnel if it is not filled properly or has defects. This uneven stress may cause deformation and displacement of the overall structure of the tunnel, thus affecting the stability of the tunnel. Defects at the bottom of the invert may cause water leakage in the tunnel, which will not only affect the normal use of the tunnel, but may also cause further damage to the tunnel structure, such as corrosion of steel bars and reduction of concrete strength. Salt rock strata are chemical sedimentary rocks formed by evaporation and concentration of brine or solution with high salinity. In such an aggressive environment, tunnels are prone to uncertain diseases during operation, which will be most prominently manifested in the appearance of cavities at the bottom of the invert. In the prior art, there is little research on the development of defects at the bottom of the invert, which may lead to risks in the operation of tunnels with defects at the bottom of the invert, which urgently needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to at least overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method and system for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert, comprising: Acquiring monitoring data of deformation of an invert arch of the target tunnel, and calculating a position of an invert arch where a defect may exist as a defect position according to the monitoring data; Constructing a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; Continuously acquiring multiple sets of the monitoring data, and forming evolution data along a time series according to the monitoring data; Calculating an actual evolution model using the evolution data through the defect evolution model; The timing for repairing the defect position is calculated according to the actual evolution model, and a corresponding repair plan is generated.

[0005] When the embodiment of the present application is implemented, it is first necessary to obtain the defect position through monitoring data. The acquisition method has been disclosed in the applicant's prior application 202410986325.5, and the embodiment of the present application will not be repeated. Different defect evolution models can be constructed for different defect positions, which are used to characterize the deformation of the invert under different defect degrees. Through the continuous acquisition of multiple sets of monitoring data, evolution data along the time series can be formed. The evolution data can be analyzed by the defect evolution model to generate an actual evolution model for characterizing the actual defect evolution process of the current tunnel. The main reason for this is that the force method analysis can only analyze the displacement of the invert under different defect states, but it is impossible to know the change of the defect at the defect position of the target tunnel under actual circumstances. The defect evolution model obtained by the force method analysis combined with the actual evolution data can more accurately analyze the change of the defect at the defect position; it should be understood that for different strata, the defect change is nonlinear, which generally manifests as accelerated degradation of the defect. The embodiment of the present application is to conduct a more accurate quantitative analysis of this process through the actual evolution model.

[0006] In the embodiment of the present application, the time when the defect position needs to be repaired can be calculated through the actual evolution model, which is generally before the defect may cause a large amount of tunnel disease. The specific repair plan can be carried out by using grouting technology or adding sleeve arches to increase the strength and rigidity of the lining structure. The embodiment of the present application does not make much limitation. The embodiment of the present application realizes the analysis of the bottom defects of the tunnel invert arch through the above technical scheme. It can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find the time when the invert arch needs to be repaired and repair it in time, reduce the damage of the bottom defects of the invert arch to the tunnel lining structure, and can be applied to various tunnels that may have lining bottom defects, with good applicability.

[0007] In a possible implementation, constructing a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel includes: Acquiring tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as a constraint, the deformation curves of the invert corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel are obtained by force method calculation to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and the defect evolution degree is 100% when there is no defect, and the defect evolution degree is 0% when there is a complete defect; The curve group is used as the defect evolution model.

[0008] In a possible implementation, calculating the actual evolution model using the defect evolution model with the evolution data includes: Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; The actual evolution model is formed by performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0009] In a possible implementation, calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generating a corresponding repair plan includes: The repair time is calculated according to the actual evolution model and the preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, which is 10-30%; The defect position is repaired at the repair time as a repair solution.

[0010] In a possible implementation, interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data includes: Acquire the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak value or the valley value in the curve group as characteristic position data; Acquire displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as characteristic displacement data, and acquire multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as characteristic curves; Calculating the inverse of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form a characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; The defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve is weightedly calculated according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system, including: A monitoring unit is configured to obtain monitoring data of deformation of the invert of the target tunnel, and calculate a position of the invert where a defect may exist as a defect position according to the monitoring data; A modeling unit is configured to construct a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; A time series unit, configured to continuously acquire a plurality of sets of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along a time series according to the monitoring data; An evolution unit, configured to calculate an actual evolution model by using the defect evolution model to transform the evolution data; The calculation unit is configured to calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generate a corresponding repair plan.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the modeling unit is further configured to: Acquiring tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as a constraint, the deformation curves of the invert corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel are obtained by force method calculation to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and the defect evolution degree is 100% when there is no defect, and the defect evolution degree is 0% when there is a complete defect; The curve group is used as the defect evolution model.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the evolution unit is further configured to: Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; The actual evolution model is formed by performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, the computing unit is further configured to: The repair time is calculated according to the actual evolution model and the preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, which is 10-30%; The defect position is repaired at the repair time as a repair solution.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the evolution unit is further configured to: Acquire the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak value or the valley value in the curve group as characteristic position data; Acquire displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as characteristic displacement data, and acquire multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as characteristic curves; Calculating the inverse of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form a characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; The defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve is weightedly calculated according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The present invention realizes the analysis of the bottom defects of the tunnel invert, can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find out the time when the invert needs to be repaired and repair it in time, reduces the damage of the bottom defects of the invert to the tunnel lining structure, can be applied to various tunnels that may have lining bottom defects, and has good applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of force calculation in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the defect evolution model of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the drawings in the present application only serve the purpose of explanation and description and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn in real proportion. The flowchart used in this application shows the operations implemented according to some embodiments of the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the operations of the flowchart can be implemented out of sequence, and the steps without logical context can be reversed in order or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art can add one or more other operations to the flowchart under the guidance of the content of the present application, or remove one or more operations from the flowchart.

[0019] In addition, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a flow chart of a method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Further, the method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert may specifically include the contents described in the following steps S1 to S5.

[0021] S1: Acquire monitoring data of deformation of the invert of the target tunnel, and calculate the position of the invert where a defect may exist as the defect position according to the monitoring data; S2: constructing a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; S3: continuously acquiring multiple sets of the monitoring data, and forming evolution data along the time series according to the monitoring data; S4: Calculating an actual evolution model using the defect evolution model using the evolution data; S5: Calculate the timing for repairing the defect location according to the actual evolution model, and generate a corresponding repair plan.

[0022] When the embodiment of the present application is implemented, it is first necessary to obtain the defect position through monitoring data. The acquisition method has been disclosed in the applicant's prior application 202410986325.5, and the embodiment of the present application will not be repeated. Different defect evolution models can be constructed for different defect positions, which are used to characterize the deformation of the invert under different defect degrees. Through the continuous acquisition of multiple sets of monitoring data, evolution data along the time series can be formed. The evolution data can be analyzed by the defect evolution model to generate an actual evolution model for characterizing the actual defect evolution process of the current tunnel. The main reason for this is that the force method analysis can only analyze the displacement of the invert under different defect states, but it is impossible to know the change of the defect at the defect position of the target tunnel under actual circumstances. The defect evolution model obtained by the force method analysis combined with the actual evolution data can more accurately analyze the change of the defect at the defect position; it should be understood that for different strata, the defect change is nonlinear, which generally manifests as accelerated degradation of the defect. The embodiment of the present application is to conduct a more accurate quantitative analysis of this process through the actual evolution model.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present application, the time when the defect position needs to be repaired can be calculated through the actual evolution model, which is generally before the defect may cause a large amount of tunnel disease. The specific repair plan can be carried out by using grouting technology or adding sleeve arches to increase the strength and rigidity of the lining structure. The embodiment of the present application does not make much limitation. The embodiment of the present application realizes the analysis of the bottom defects of the tunnel invert arch through the above technical scheme. It can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find the time when the invert arch needs to be repaired and repair it in time, reduce the damage of the bottom defects of the invert arch to the tunnel lining structure, and can be applied to various tunnels that may have lining bottom defects, with good applicability.

[0024] In a possible implementation, constructing a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel includes: Acquiring tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as a constraint, the deformation curves of the invert corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel are obtained by force method calculation to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and the defect evolution degree is 100% when there is no defect, and the defect evolution degree is 0% when there is a complete defect; The curve group is used as the defect evolution model.

[0025] When the embodiment of the present application is implemented, the defect evolution model formed can be found in Figure 3 , where the solid curve group is the defect evolution model, with the horizontal coordinate being the invert angle and the vertical coordinate being the displacement, in meters. The tunnel parameters of the target tunnel are calculated by force method to construct the corresponding invert deformation curve, which has been disclosed in the applicant's prior application, and will not be repeated in the embodiments of this application. In the embodiments of this application, the ratio of the defect position pressure to the surrounding rock pressure is used as the defect evolution degree to facilitate the subsequent defect evolution evaluation. Generally speaking, the defect position pressure and the surrounding rock pressure are expressed by stress, please refer to Figure 2 , shows the analytical model for force method calculation in the presence of defects, where q 1 is the stress reduction value caused by the defect, and q is the surrounding rock stress. In this analysis model, the defect evolution degree is expressed as (qq 1 ) / q .

[0026] In a possible implementation, calculating the actual evolution model using the defect evolution model with the evolution data includes: Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; The actual evolution model is formed by performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0027] When implementing the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 , the curve in the dotted part of the figure is the monitoring data, and the corresponding defect evolution degree can be obtained by curve interpolation in the adjacent curve group; and for the evolution curve, since it is the corresponding relationship between the defect evolution degree and the time series, the actual evolution model can be obtained by curve fitting. In the embodiment of the present application, the trinomial fitting is preferably used to form the final actual evolution model: In the formula, t is time, usually in days. is the degree of defect evolution.

[0028] In a possible implementation, calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generating a corresponding repair plan includes: The repair time is calculated according to the actual evolution model and the preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, which is 10-30%; The defect position is repaired at the repair time as a repair solution.

[0029] When the embodiment of the present application is implemented, based on the fitting polynomial obtained above, the defect evolution degree in the actual evolution model can be substituted with a defect repair degree of 10-30% to calculate the number of days to reach this situation, and then make corresponding repair preparations in advance.

[0030] In a possible implementation, interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data includes: Acquire the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak value or the valley value in the curve group as characteristic position data; Acquire displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as characteristic displacement data, and acquire multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as characteristic curves; Calculating the inverse of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form a characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; The defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve is weightedly calculated according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0031] When implementing the embodiments of the present application, it is necessary to first select the characteristic position data. The curves corresponding to different degrees of defect evolution at this position will show the greatest difference, so selecting the characteristic displacement data corresponding to the characteristic position data can obtain a more accurate weighted interpolation result. When weightedly obtaining the degree of defect evolution corresponding to the monitoring data, it is necessary to first select the characteristic curve. The process is to first calculate the data value of each curve in the curve group at the characteristic position data as the displacement data to be analyzed; by calculating the absolute value of the difference between the characteristic displacement data and the displacement data to be analyzed, select multiple curves with the largest absolute value as the characteristic curve. At this time, the inverse of the absolute value corresponding to the characteristic curve is normalized to obtain the corresponding weighted weight, that is, the characteristic weight, and then weighted interpolation is performed to obtain the degree of defect evolution corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0032] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system, comprising: A monitoring unit is configured to obtain monitoring data of deformation of the invert of the target tunnel, and calculate a position of the invert where a defect may exist as a defect position according to the monitoring data; A modeling unit is configured to construct a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; A time series unit, configured to continuously acquire a plurality of sets of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along a time series according to the monitoring data; An evolution unit, configured to calculate an actual evolution model by using the defect evolution model to transform the evolution data; The calculation unit is configured to calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generate a corresponding repair plan.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the modeling unit is further configured to: Acquiring tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as a constraint, the deformation curves of the invert corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel are obtained by force method calculation to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and the defect evolution degree is 100% when there is no defect, and the defect evolution degree is 0% when there is a complete defect; The curve group is used as the defect evolution model.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the evolution unit is further configured to: Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; The actual evolution model is formed by performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0035] In a possible implementation manner, the computing unit is further configured to: The repair time is calculated according to the actual evolution model and the preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, which is 10-30%; The defect position is repaired at the repair time as a repair solution.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the evolution unit is further configured to: Acquire the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak value or the valley value in the curve group as characteristic position data; Acquire displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as characteristic displacement data, and acquire multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as characteristic curves; Calculating the inverse of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form a characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; The defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve is weightedly calculated according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0037] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in terms of function in the above description. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0038] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or it can be an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.

[0039] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. As units, it is obvious that a person of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in terms of function in the above description. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0041] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a grid device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0042] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert, characterized in that: include: Acquiring monitoring data of deformation of an invert arch of the target tunnel, and calculating a position of an invert arch where a defect may exist as a defect position according to the monitoring data; Constructing a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; Continuously acquiring multiple sets of the monitoring data, and forming evolution data along a time series according to the monitoring data; Calculating an actual evolution model using the evolution data through the defect evolution model; The timing for repairing the defect position is calculated according to the actual evolution model, and a corresponding repair plan is generated.

2. A method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert according to claim 1, characterized in that: Constructing the defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel includes: Acquiring tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as a constraint, the deformation curves of the invert corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel are obtained by force method calculation to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and the defect evolution degree is 100% when there is no defect, and the defect evolution degree is 0% when there is a complete defect; The curve group is used as the defect evolution model.

3. A method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating the actual evolution model using the evolution data through the defect evolution model includes: Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; The actual evolution model is formed by performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

4. A method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert according to claim 3, characterized in that: Calculating the timing for repairing the defect location according to the actual evolution model and generating a corresponding repair plan includes: The repair time is calculated according to the actual evolution model and the preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, which is 10-30%; The defect position is repaired at the repair time as a repair solution.

5. The method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert according to claim 3, characterized in that: Interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data includes: Acquire the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak value or the valley value in the curve group as characteristic position data; Acquire displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as characteristic displacement data, and acquire multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as characteristic curves; Calculating the inverse of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form a characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; The defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve is weightedly calculated according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

6. A tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A monitoring unit is configured to obtain monitoring data of deformation of the invert of the target tunnel, and calculate a position of the invert where a defect may exist as a defect position according to the monitoring data; A modeling unit is configured to construct a defect evolution model of the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; A time series unit, configured to continuously acquire a plurality of sets of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along a time series according to the monitoring data; An evolution unit, configured to calculate an actual evolution model by using the defect evolution model to transform the evolution data; The calculation unit is configured to calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generate a corresponding repair plan.

7. A tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The modeling unit is further configured to: Acquiring tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as a constraint, the deformation curves of the invert corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel are obtained by force method calculation to form a curve group; The defect evolution degree is the ratio of the defect position pressure to the surrounding rock pressure, and the defect evolution degree is 100% when there is no defect and 0% when there is a complete defect; The curve group is used as the defect evolution model.

8. The tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The evolution unit is further configured to: Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; The actual evolution model is formed by performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

9. A tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The computing unit is further configured to: The repair time is calculated according to the actual evolution model and the preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, which is 10-30%; The defect position is repaired at the repair time as a repair solution.

10. The tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The evolution unit is further configured to: Acquire the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak value or the valley value in the curve group as characteristic position data; Acquire displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as characteristic displacement data, and acquire multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as characteristic curves; Calculating the inverse of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form a characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; The defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve is weightedly calculated according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

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