Power distribution method and system for light-storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-cooperative game-based power distribution method and system for a light-storage combined hydrogen production system, and a storage medium, and relates to the field of clean energy hydrogen production optimization control. Selecting the sum of the output capacity of the energy storage battery, the power fluctuation ratio of the hybrid electrolytic cell and the economic benefits generated by photovoltaic and hydrogen selling as a game party, setting a corresponding payment function, and carrying out solution calculation by using a Nash equilibrium strategy; in the Nash equilibrium solving process, a payment function corresponding to a gaming party is used as a target function, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, alkaline electrolytic cell input power and proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell input power are used as decision variables, and operation constraints of the light-storage combined hydrogen production system are set. And photovoltaic output, charging / discharging power of an energy storage battery and input power of an alkaline electrolytic bath and a proton exchange membrane electrolytic bath in the hydrogen production system are obtained. On the basis that the photovoltaic power generation power is utilized to the maximum extent, hydrogen is produced to the maximum extent; meanwhile, the output power of the energy storage battery can be optimized, and over-charging and over-discharging are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of clean energy hydrogen production optimization control, and more specifically to a power allocation method, system and storage medium for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game. Background Art

[0002] On the one hand, photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production technology can help clean energy break through the bottleneck of consumption, and on the other hand, it can help solve the problem of green hydrogen production. However, the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system contains many subsystems. From the equipment level, it includes multiple equipment subsystems such as solar cells, energy storage batteries, and electrolyzers; from the target level, it includes multiple target subsystems such as the economy of the hydrogen production system (abandonment rate, hydrogen production rate, etc.), the volatility of equipment input power, etc. The interests of the above subsystems conflict with each other, and the decision variables also affect each other. How to propose a power optimization method for the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system and balance the interests of each subsystem is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] At present, researchers have conducted a lot of research on the optimization control of clean energy water electrolysis hydrogen production systems. Many scholars have proposed collaborative control strategies for hydrogen energy storage systems composed of photovoltaics, energy storage, and hydrogen energy. For example, considering the energy conversion efficiency, an adaptive control strategy for the efficiency of hydrogen energy storage systems is proposed; adaptive neural fuzzy control is used to balance the load with the help of storage backup systems, etc. However, the above research mainly relies on the operating boundary conditions set for hydrogen energy storage, and realizes power optimization through the collaborative control between hydrogen and electricity conversion, which is more focused on the adaptability of system control. In addition, many scholars use traditional optimization algorithms to achieve optimal control of the controlled system, and some scholars use model predictive control to achieve online real-time scheduling of the controlled object, thereby improving the control accuracy. However, the above methods all have the problem of how to objectively set the weights between the various objectives, and have certain limitations. For example, the traditional multi-objective optimization method can only achieve the overall optimality, and cannot take into account the interests of each individual in the system.

[0004] However, non-cooperative game-Nash equilibrium strategy is one of the existing methods to solve multi-objective optimization problems where each goal has equal status and the decision maker has no goal preference. There is no need to determine the weight of each goal. Each goal is regarded as each game party. Each game party reaches an equilibrium state through the game, and the strategy combination selected by each game party at this time is the optimal strategy combination, that is, the equilibrium solution. The equilibrium state means that any game party is unwilling to unilaterally change its strategy under the current strategy combination, because changing its strategy will not increase its own benefits. In the implementation process of the Nash equilibrium method, due to the mutual conflict and competition between the various game parties, the Nash equilibrium solution is the competitive decision result of multiple mutually influencing game parties to maximize their own interests. This is different from the traditional multi-objective optimization method (such as the multi-objective particle swarm method), in which multiple decision-making subjects (goals) have consistent action intentions, similar to the coordinated decision-making by an outsider, and the solution only considers the overall optimality, not the interests of each decision-making subject (goal). Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a power allocation method, system and storage medium for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, takes the photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system as the research object, and solves at least one of the problems existing in the background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The output capacity of energy storage batteries, the power fluctuation rate of hybrid electrolyzers, and the sum of the economic benefits of photovoltaics and hydrogen sales are selected as the three game parties, and the corresponding payment functions are set;

[0009] In the process of solving Nash equilibrium, the payment function corresponding to the game party is taken as the objective function, and the charging / discharging power of the energy storage battery, the input power of the alkaline electrolyzer and the input power of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are taken as decision variables. The operation constraints of the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system are set, and the photovoltaic output, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, and the input power of the alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer in the hydrogen production system are obtained.

[0010] Optionally, the operating constraints include constraints on the curtailment rate of solar power, constraints on the state of charge and charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage system, and constraints on the input power and fluctuation rate of the alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0011] Optionally, the payment function corresponding to the output capacity of the energy storage battery is calculated as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, SOC(t-1) is the state of charge of the energy storage battery pack at the moment before time t, Δt is the calculation step length, Q bat is the rated capacity of the single battery, N s，bat N is the number of single cells connected in series in the energy storage battery pack. p，bat is the number of single cells in parallel in the energy storage battery pack, P bat (t) is the charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack at time t, η bat is the charge / discharge efficiency of the energy storage battery pack, U bat (t) is the voltage of the energy storage battery pack at time t.

[0014] Optionally, the payment function corresponding to the power volatility of the hybrid electrolyzer is as follows:

[0015] u 2 =(P ael (t)-P ael (t-1)) 2 +(P pem (t)-P pem (t-1)) 2 ;

[0016] Among them, P ael (t), P pem (t) are the input power of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time t, P ael (t-1), P pem (t-1) are the input powers of the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at the previous moment of time t.

[0017] Optionally, the payment function corresponding to the sum of economic benefits generated by hydrogen sales is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, n ael (τ) is the AEL hydrogen production rate at time τ, Δt is the calculation step length, n pem (τ) is the PEMEL hydrogen production rate at time τ, z is the number of moles of electrons involved in each electrolysis reaction, F is the Faraday constant, η F，ael is the AEL Faraday efficiency, η F，pem is the PEMEL Faraday efficiency, k H2 is the price of hydrogen sold, k pv is the penalty cost coefficient for abandonment, Q pv is the capacity of the photovoltaic array, S pv (τ) is the per-unit active output value of the photovoltaic array at time τ without considering the abandonment of light, P pv (τ) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time τ, P load(τ) is the load power at time τ, V H2 is the molar volume of hydrogen, ρ H2 is the density of hydrogen, N s，ael N is the number of series monomers in a single AEL tank. s，pem is the number of series monomers in a single proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, U ael (τ) is the output voltage of AEL at time τ, U pem (τ) is the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time τ.

[0020] Optionally, the light abandonment rate constraint is as follows:

[0021] The photovoltaic array abandonment rate l in the Δt period pv The expression is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, Q pv is the capacity of the photovoltaic array, S pv (τ) is the per-unit active output value of the photovoltaic array at time τ without considering the abandonment of light, P pv (τ) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time τ;

[0024] The expression of the light abandonment rate constraint is as follows:

[0025] l pv ≤l pv，max ;

[0026] Among them, l pv，max is the light abandonment rate limit.

[0027] Optionally, the input power and fluctuation rate constraints of the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, σ ael , σ pem are the input power fluctuation rate of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, σ ael，max , σ pem，max are the input power fluctuation limits of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer respectively; P ael，min , P ael，max is the minimum and maximum input power of the alkaline electrolyzer, P pem，min , P pem，max The minimum and maximum input power for the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0030] Optionally, the state of charge and charging and discharging power constraints of the battery energy storage system are as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, SOC min , SOC max are the lower and upper limits of the state of charge of the energy storage battery pack, respectively. bat，max The maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery pack;

[0033] The power balance constraints are as follows:

[0034] P pv (t)+P bat (t) = P ael (t)+P pem (t)+P load (t);

[0035] Among them, P pv (t) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t; P bat (t) is the charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack at time t, where P bat (t)>0 means discharge, P bat (t)<0 means charging; P ael (t), P pem (t) are the input power of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time t; P load (t) is the load power at time t.

[0036] A power allocation system for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, comprising:

[0037] Game party preset module: used to select the output capacity of energy storage batteries, the power fluctuation rate of hybrid electrolyzers, and the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales as the three game parties, and set the corresponding payment functions;

[0038] Nash equilibrium solving module: It is used to take the payment function corresponding to the game party as the objective function, and the energy storage battery charging / discharging power, alkaline electrolyzer input power and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power as decision variables, set the operation constraints of the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system, and obtain the photovoltaic output, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, and alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power in the hydrogen production system.

[0039] A computer storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the computer storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the power allocation methods for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game are implemented.

[0040] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a power allocation method, system and storage medium for a photovoltaic combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, and sets three game parties, namely, the output capacity of the energy storage battery, the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer, and the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaic and hydrogen sales, and gives the corresponding payment functions u of the three game parties 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 During the implementation of the method, u 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 As the objective function, there is no need to set the weight of each objective. Each objective is independent of each other. The game process makes the selected strategy of each player the best response to the strategy of other players, achieving a balance of interests among all players, that is, taking into account the interests of each player. Finally, the power allocation method proposed in the present invention can optimize the input power of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, reduce the operating fluctuations of the two types of electrolyzers, and maximize hydrogen production on the basis of maximizing the utilization of photovoltaic power generation; at the same time, it can optimize the output power of energy storage batteries, effectively avoiding overcharging and over-discharging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of the photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of solving the power allocation problem based on the non-cooperative game-Nash equilibrium strategy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The energy storage battery is mainly used to smooth the fluctuation of the input power of the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the electricity sold by the energy storage battery to the power grid is not considered. Without affecting the applicability of the method proposed in the present invention, the following assumptions are made:

[0046] 1) The state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage battery indicates the overall charge state of the energy storage battery pack;

[0047] 2) Hydrogen Capacity Ratio (HCR) of the hydrogen storage bottle indicates the overall hydrogen storage status of the hydrogen storage bottle;

[0048] 3) During the operation of the hydrogen production system, the temperature of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) and the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) remains constant when the equipment is started and stopped and the load changes.

[0049] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Select the output capacity of the energy storage battery, the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer, and the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales as the three game parties, and set the corresponding payment function;

[0051] Step 2: Take the payment function corresponding to the game party as the objective function, and the energy storage battery charging / discharging power, alkaline electrolyzer input power and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power as decision variables, set the operation constraints of the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system, and obtain the photovoltaic output, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, and alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power in the hydrogen production system.

[0052] Furthermore, in step 2, the operating constraints include constraints on the curtailment rate of solar power, constraints on the state of charge and charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage system, and constraints on the input power and fluctuation rate of the alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0053] The constraints of the abandoned light rate are as follows:

[0054] The photovoltaic array abandonment rate l in the Δt period pv The expression is as shown in formula (15).

[0055]

[0056] The constraint condition of abandoned light rate is shown in formula (16).

[0057] l pv ≤l pv，max (16)

[0058] In formula (16), l pv，max is the light abandonment rate limit.

[0059] The constraints of the battery energy storage system are shown in formula (17).

[0060]

[0061] In formula (17), SOC min , SOC max are the lower and upper limits of the state of charge of the energy storage battery pack, respectively. bat，max It is the maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery pack.

[0062] AEL and PEMEL constraints are as follows:

[0063]

[0064] In formula (18), σ ael , σ pem are the AEL and PEMEL input power fluctuation rates, σ ael，max , σ pem，max are AEL and PEMEL input power fluctuation limits respectively; P ael，min , P ael，max is the minimum and maximum value of AEL input power, P pem，min , P pem，max The minimum and maximum values ​​of PEMEL input power.

[0065] The photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system studied in this invention is a common DC bus topology structure, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0066] The photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system operates off-grid, and the bus voltage is maintained stable by the photovoltaic array. The photovoltaic array is the main energy source of the hydrogen production system. Each device always satisfies the power balance relationship as shown in formula (1), and it is allowed to abandon light.

[0067] P pv (t)+P bat (t) = P ael (t)+P pem (t)+P load (t) (1)

[0068] In formula (1), P pv (t) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t (kW); P bat (t) is the charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack at time t (kW), where P bat (t)>0 means discharge, P bat (t)<0 means charging; P ael (t), P pem (t) are the input power of AEL and PEMEL at time t (kW); P load (t) is the load power at time t (kW).

[0069] Furthermore, in step one, the present invention sets three game parties, namely, the output capacity of the energy storage battery, the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer, and the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales. The output capacity of the energy storage battery is taken as one of the game parties in order to indirectly optimize the output of the energy storage battery and achieve the purpose of avoiding overcharging and over-discharging of the energy storage battery; the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer is taken as one of the game parties in order to achieve the purpose of minimizing the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer; the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales is taken as one of the game parties, but it is only used as an economic goal to indirectly achieve the purpose of maximizing hydrogen production and minimizing photovoltaic abandonment. In addition, the corresponding payment functions u of the three game parties are given 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 .

[0070] Player 1: Energy storage battery output capacity

[0071] The main equipment of the battery energy storage system (BESS) is the energy storage battery pack. The relationship between the SOC of the energy storage battery pack and the charge / discharge current is shown in formula (2).

[0072]

[0073] In formula (2), I bat is the output current of the energy storage battery pack (A), C use is the capacity consumed by the energy storage battery pack per unit time (Ah), η bat is the charge / discharge efficiency of the energy storage battery pack, SOC init is the initial SOC of the energy storage battery pack, Q bat is the rated capacity of the single battery (Ah), N s，bat N is the number of single cells connected in series in the energy storage battery pack. p，bat It is the number of single cells connected in parallel in the energy storage battery pack.

[0074] The SOC calculation formula in formula (2) is differentiated and discretized to obtain formula (3).

[0075]

[0076] In formula (3), SOC(t) and SOC(t+1) are the charge states of the energy storage battery pack at time t and the next time, respectively, and Δt is the calculation step length.

[0077] Energy storage battery output capacity evaluation coefficient C at time t bat The definition is shown in formula (4).

[0078] C bat =|SOC(t)-50%| (4)

[0079] C bat The smaller it is, the lower the degree of deep charge and discharge of the energy storage battery. At the next moment, its charge / discharge capacity is greater. When SOC(t) = 50%, it means that the energy storage battery has the maximum charge / discharge capacity.

[0080] SOC(t)-50%|with(SOC(t)-50%) 2 To obtain the minimum value at the same point, we can write the payment function u of player 1 as 1 As shown in formula (5), it is guaranteed that when u 1 When the minimum bat Also the smallest.

[0081] u 1 =(SOC(t)-50%) 2 (5)

[0082] Substituting equation (3) into equation (5), we can get u 1 As shown in formula (6).

[0083]

[0084] Player 2: Hybrid electrolyzer power fluctuation

[0085] AEL / PEMEL input power fluctuation rate σ ael / σ pem , the calculation formula is shown in formula (7).

[0086]

[0087] In formula (7), σ ael / σ pem The smaller the value, the smaller the fluctuation of AEL / PEMEL input power, which is more conducive to the efficient operation of the hybrid electrolyzer and prolongs the service life of the hybrid electrolyzer. ael and (P ael (t)-P ael (t-1)) 2 To obtain the minimum value at the same point, σ pem and (P pem (t)-P pem (t-1)) 2 The minimum value is obtained at the same point. In summary, the payment function u of player 2 can be written as 2 As shown in formula (8).

[0088] u 2 =(P ael (t)-P ael (t-1)) 2 +(P pem (t)-P pem (t-1))2 (8)

[0089] Player 3: The sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales

[0090] 1) Penalty cost for abandoned photovoltaic arrays

[0091] The expression of the penalty cost of photovoltaic array abandonment during the time period Δt is as shown in formula (9).

[0092]

[0093] In formula (9), C pv Abandoned Light Penalty Cost (Yuan), Q pv is the capacity of the photovoltaic array (kW), S pv (τ) is the per-unit active output value of the photovoltaic array at time τ without considering the abandonment of light, which is obtained by simulating historical power generation data or historical light conditions. pv is the penalty cost coefficient for abandoned solar power (yuan / kWh).

[0094] 2) Revenue from hydrogen sales

[0095] ① The AEL hydrogen production rate is as shown in formula (10).

[0096]

[0097] In formula (10), n ael (t) is the hydrogen production rate at AELt (mol / s), N s，ael is the number of series monomers in a single AEL slot, I ael is the AEL electrolysis current (A), z is the number of moles of electrons involved in each electrolysis reaction, F is the Faraday constant (C / mol), η F，ael is the AEL Faraday efficiency, T ael is the AEL electrolysis temperature (K), f 11 ,f 12 ,f 21 ,f 22 is the parameter related to AEL Faraday efficiency, J i，ael is the AEL current density (A / cm 2 ).

[0098] ②PEMEL hydrogen production rate is as shown in formula (11).

[0099]

[0100] In formula (11), n pem (t) is the cathode hydrogen production rate at PEMELt (mol / s), N s，pem is the number of series monomers in a single slot, I pem(t) is the electrolysis current of PEMELt at time (A), η F，pem is the PEMEL Faradaic efficiency.

[0101] During the time period Δt, the sales revenue of the newly added hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle is expressed as shown in formula (12).

[0102]

[0103] In formula (12), k H2 is the price of hydrogen sold (yuan / kg), n ael (τ) is the AEL hydrogen production rate at time τ (mol / s), n pem (τ) is the PEMEL hydrogen production rate at time τ (mol / s), V H2 is the molar volume of hydrogen (L / mol), ρ H2 is the density of hydrogen (g / L).

[0104] Let the payment function u of player 3 be 3 As shown in formula (13).

[0105]

[0106] Substitute equation (1) into equation (13) and replace P pv (τ), and substituting equations (9)-(12) into equation (13) yields u 3 As shown in formula (14).

[0107]

[0108] Among them, U pem is the PEMEL output voltage (V), U ael is the AEL output voltage (V).

[0109] In addition, the power balance constraint needs to be met, see formula (1).

[0110] This embodiment also discloses a power allocation system for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on a non-cooperative game, including:

[0111] Game party preset module: used to select the output capacity of energy storage batteries, the power fluctuation rate of hybrid electrolyzers, and the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales as the three game parties, and set the corresponding payment functions;

[0112] Nash equilibrium solving module: It is used to take the payment function corresponding to the game party as the objective function, and the energy storage battery charging / discharging power, alkaline electrolyzer input power and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power as decision variables, set the operation constraints of the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system, and obtain the photovoltaic output, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, and alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power in the hydrogen production system.

[0113] Finally, this embodiment discloses a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, any one of the steps of a power allocation method for a photovoltaic combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game is implemented.

[0114] Example 2

[0115] This embodiment is to further explain the above technical solution. Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are disclosed:

[0116] Step 1: Define S 1 ,S 2 ,S 3 are the strategy spaces of the three game players, where S 1 ={p∈Z|-P bat，max ≤p≤P bat，max},S 2 ={p∈N+|P ael，min ≤p≤P ael，max},S 3 ={p∈N+|P pem，min ≤p≤P pem，max}; define s if is the fth generation optional strategy optimized by the i-th player, where s if ∈S i , f=0,1,2…, i=1,2,3; then the set s f ={s 1f ,s 2f ,s 3f} is the optimized f-generation strategy combination of the three game players. When f = 0, s 0 The initial strategy combinations randomly generated for the three game players in their respective strategy spaces;

[0117] Step 2: The three game players randomly generate initial strategy combinations s in their respective strategy spaces 0 ={s 10 ,s 20 ,s 30};

[0118] Step 3: Under the constraints, starting from the first player, with its payment function u 1 is the objective function, and {s 20 ,s 30} value, with P bat (t) is the decision variable, in the strategy space S 1 Up to u 1 Perform single objective optimization and obtain u 1 The minimum decision variable value s* 11 , use s * 11 Alternatives 10 Forming a new strategy combination * 11 ,s 20 ,s 30}; The second player is the second player, with its payment function u 2 is the objective function, and {s * 11 ,s 30} value, with P ael (t) is the decision variable, in the strategy space S 2 Up to u 2 Perform single objective optimization and obtain u 2 The minimum decision variable value s * 21 , use s * 21 Alternatives 20 Forming a new strategy combination * 11 ,s * 21 ,s 30}; Finally, the third player, with its payment function u 3 is the objective function, and {s * 11 ,s * 21} value, with P pem (t) is the decision variable, in the strategy space S 3 Up to u 3 Perform single objective optimization and obtain u 3 The minimum decision variable value s * 31 , use s * 31 Alternatives 30 Forming a new strategy combination * 11 ,s * 21 ,s * 31}, that is, the first generation of optional strategy combination s 1 ={s * 11 ,s * 21 ,s * 31};

[0119] Step 4: Verify 1 Is it an equilibrium solution, that is, test s1 Does it satisfy equation (19)? If so, jump to step 5; if not, set s 1 Alternatives 0 , jump to step 2 to loop;

[0120]

[0121] Step 5: Calculate s 0 and 1 Whether the distance between them converges, that is, ‖s 0 -s 1 ‖≤ε, if convergence, the game ends, s 1 is the optimal power allocation strategy combination; if it does not converge, jump to step 2 to loop.

[0122] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0123] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The output capacity of energy storage batteries, the power fluctuation rate of hybrid electrolyzers, and the sum of the economic benefits of photovoltaics and hydrogen sales are selected as the three game parties, and the corresponding payment functions are set; In the process of solving Nash equilibrium, the payment function corresponding to the game party is taken as the objective function, and the charging / discharging power of the energy storage battery, the input power of the alkaline electrolyzer and the input power of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are taken as decision variables. The operation constraints of the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system are set, and the photovoltaic output, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, and the input power of the alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer in the hydrogen production system are obtained.

2. According to a non-cooperative game-based power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Operational constraints include constraints on the curtailment rate of solar power, constraints on the state of charge and charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage system, and constraints on the input power and fluctuation rate of the alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

3. According to a non-cooperative game-based power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: The payment function corresponding to the output capacity of the energy storage battery is calculated as follows: Among them, SOC(t-1) is the state of charge of the energy storage battery pack at the moment before time t, Δt is the calculation step length, Q bat is the rated capacity of the single battery, N s，bat N is the number of single cells connected in series in the energy storage battery pack. p，bat is the number of single cells in parallel in the energy storage battery pack, P bat (t) is the charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack at time t, η bat is the charge / discharge efficiency of the energy storage battery pack, U bat (t) is the voltage of the energy storage battery pack at time t.

4. According to a non-cooperative game-based power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: The payment function corresponding to the power volatility of the hybrid electrolyzer is as follows: u2=(P ael (t)-P ael (t-1)) 2 +(P pem (t)-P pem (t-1)) 2 ; Among them, P ael (t), P pem (t) are the input power of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time t, P ael (t-1), P pem (t-1) are the input powers of the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at the previous moment of time t.

5. The power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The payment function corresponding to the sum of economic benefits generated by hydrogen sales is as follows: Among them, n ael (τ) is the AEL hydrogen production rate at time τ, Δt is the calculation step length, n pem (τ) is the PEMEL hydrogen production rate at time τ, z is the number of moles of electrons involved in each electrolysis reaction, F is the Faraday constant, η F，ael is the AEL Faraday efficiency, η F，pem is the PEMEL Faraday efficiency, k H2 is the price of hydrogen sold, k pv is the penalty cost coefficient for abandonment, Q pv is the capacity of the photovoltaic array, S pv (τ) is the per-unit active output value of the photovoltaic array at time τ without considering the abandonment of light, P pv (τ) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time τ, P load (τ) is the load power at time τ, V H2 is the molar volume of hydrogen, ρ H2 is the density of hydrogen, N s，ael N is the number of series monomers in a single AEL tank. s，pem is the number of series monomers in a single proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, U ael (τ) is the output voltage of AEL at time τ, U pem (τ) is the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time τ.

6. The power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The constraints of the abandonment rate are as follows: The photovoltaic array abandonment rate l in the Δt period pv The expression is as follows: Among them, Q pv is the capacity of the photovoltaic array, S pv (τ) is the per-unit active output value of the photovoltaic array at time τ without considering the abandonment of light, P pv (τ) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time τ; The expression of the light abandonment rate constraint is as follows: lpv≤lpv,max; Among them, l pv，max is the light abandonment rate limit.

7. The power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The input power and fluctuation rate constraints of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are as follows: Among them, σ ael , σ pem are the input power fluctuation rate of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, σ ael，max , σ pem，max are the input power fluctuation limits of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer respectively; P ael，min , P ael，max is the minimum and maximum input power of the alkaline electrolyzer, P pem，min , P pem，max The minimum and maximum input power for the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

8. The power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The state of charge and charging and discharging power constraints of the battery energy storage system are as follows: Among them, SOC min , SOC max are the lower and upper limits of the state of charge of the energy storage battery pack, respectively. bat , max The maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery pack; The power balance constraints are as follows: P pv (t)+P bat (t)=P ael (t)+P pem (t)+P load (t). Among them, P pv (t) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t; P bat (t) is the charge / discharge power of the energy storage battery pack at time t, where P bat (t)>0 means discharge, P bat (t)<0 means charging; P ael (t), P pem (t) are the input power of alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time t; P load (t) is the load power at time t.

9. A power allocation system for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game, characterized in that: include: Game party preset module: used to select the output capacity of energy storage batteries, the power fluctuation rate of hybrid electrolyzers, and the sum of the economic benefits generated by photovoltaics and hydrogen sales as the three game parties, and set the corresponding payment functions; Nash equilibrium solving module: It is used to take the payment function corresponding to the game party as the objective function, and the energy storage battery charging / discharging power, alkaline electrolyzer input power and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power as decision variables, set the operation constraints of the photovoltaic and storage combined hydrogen production system, and obtain the photovoltaic output, energy storage battery charging / discharging power, and alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer input power in the hydrogen production system.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that: The computer storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a power allocation method for a photovoltaic and energy storage combined hydrogen production system based on non-cooperative game as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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