Laser welding head and welding device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a laser welding head and a welding device, and relate to the field of welding devices. The laser welding head comprises a laser welding assembly and a molten pool monitoring assembly, wherein the light paths of the laser welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are combined on a main shaft; the molten pool monitoring assembly comprises an illumination light source, an illumination light combining mirror, an imaging lens and an imaging module; the illumination light combining mirror, the imaging lens and the imaging module are sequentially arranged and located on the same straight line direction (illumination light axis), and the illumination light source is located near the illumination light combining mirror and in a direction perpendicular to the illumination light axis; the molten pool monitoring assembly is configured to: the illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination light source is reflected by the illumination light combining mirror, irradiates on the molten pool, and the illumination infrared light reflected from the molten pool passes through the illumination light combining mirror and the imaging lens in sequence and is finally collected by the imaging module. The laser welding head provided by the present application integrates the off-axis illumination light source and the molten pool monitoring assembly on the main shaft on the basis of the prior art, and realizes coaxial illumination and coaxial molten pool monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, and more specifically, to a laser welding head and welding apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown in the right figure, current welding processes typically monitor the molten pool using off-axis lighting and monitoring. This method has several problems, such as: 1. Due to the limited shooting angle, the molten pool deep within the workpiece surface cannot be observed; 2. Suspending additional monitoring equipment outside the laser head reduces the accessibility of the welding head; 3. In some cases where the workpiece needs to be clamped, the clamping device prevents the molten pool from being captured from the off-axis direction; 4. When using a galvanometer-based laser welding head, because the camera cannot move with the laser spot, a lens with a wider field of view must be used, making it impossible to observe the already small details of the laser molten pool.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a laser welding head and welding apparatus that can improve at least one of the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser welding head, comprising a laser welding assembly with the optical path beams evenly combined on a main shaft and a molten pool monitoring assembly;

[0007] The molten pool monitoring components include an illumination beam mirror, an illumination source, an imaging lens, and an imaging module;

[0008] The illumination beam combiner, the imaging lens, and the imaging module are arranged sequentially and located on the same illumination optical axis. The illumination beam combiner is tilted at 45° on the illumination optical axis, and the illumination source is located near the illumination beam combiner in a direction perpendicular to the illumination optical axis.

[0009] The molten pool monitoring component is configured such that the illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source is reflected by the illumination beam combiner and illuminates the molten pool, and the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool passes through the illumination beam combiner and the imaging lens in sequence and is finally collected by the imaging module.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the illumination source is a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser or an edge-emitting laser;

[0011] Preferably, the laser wavelength used in the lighting source is in the near-infrared band;

[0012] Optionally, the imaging module is a CCD or a CMOS.

[0013] In an optional implementation, the laser welding assembly is an oscillating welding assembly;

[0014] The oscillating welding assembly includes a welding laser source, a first upper protective mirror, a first collimating mirror, a first X-mirror, a first Y-mirror, a first beam combiner, a first focusing mirror, and a first lower protective mirror, which are arranged sequentially in the laser optical path.

[0015] The oscillating welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows:

[0016] The welding laser source emits a welding laser, which passes through the first upper protective mirror and the first collimating mirror in sequence to reach the first X-ray galvanometer. After reaching the first X-ray galvanometer, it is reflected by the first X-ray galvanometer, the first Y-ray galvanometer, and the first beam combiner in sequence, and then passes through the first focusing mirror and the first lower protective mirror in sequence, finally acting on the target weld.

[0017] The illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source is reflected by the illumination beam combiner and passes through the first beam combiner, the first focusing lens, and the first lower protective lens in sequence before illuminating the molten pool; the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool passes through the first lower protective lens, the first focusing lens, the first beam combiner, the illumination beam combiner, and the imaging lens in sequence before being collected by the imaging module.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, the laser welding assembly further includes an auxiliary alignment light source integrated with the welding laser light source for emitting an auxiliary alignment red indicator light;

[0019] Preferably, the wavelength of the illumination infrared light is 936nm, the wavelength of the welding laser is 1064nm, and the wavelength of the auxiliary alignment red indicator light is 650nm;

[0020] Optionally, the first beam combiner has high transmittance for illumination infrared light, but high reflectivity for welding laser and auxiliary alignment red indicator light; therefore, the optical coating on the surface of the first beam combiner is described as T(936nm) / R(1064nm & 650nm).

[0021] Optionally, the optical coating of the first focusing lens is highly transmittant for illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm);

[0022] Optionally, the optical coating of the first upper protective mirror is highly transmittant to the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm);

[0023] The optical coating of the first lower protective lens is designed to have high transmittance for illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, and is expressed as T(936nm&1064nm&650nm).

[0024] The optical coating of the first X-mirror is highly reflective to the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, and is expressed as R (1064nm & 650nm);

[0025] The first Y-galvanometer optical coating is highly reflective to the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, and is expressed as R (1064nm & 650nm);

[0026] In an optional implementation, the laser welding assembly is a fixed welding assembly;

[0027] The fixed welding assembly includes a welding laser source, a second upper protective mirror, a second collimating mirror, a second beam combiner, a second focusing mirror, and a second lower protective mirror, which are arranged sequentially on the welding laser optical path.

[0028] The molten pool monitoring component also includes a first reflector;

[0029] The fixed welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows:

[0030] The laser emitted by the welding laser source passes sequentially through the second upper protective mirror, the second collimating mirror, the second beam combiner, the second focusing mirror, and the second lower protective mirror before acting on the welding target.

[0031] The infrared light emitted by the illumination source is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner, the first reflector and the second beam combiner, and then passes through the second focusing lens and the second lower protective lens in sequence before illuminating the molten pool.

[0032] The infrared light reflected from the molten pool passes sequentially through the second lower protective mirror and the second focusing mirror to the second beam combiner. It is then reflected sequentially by the second beam combiner and the first reflecting mirror, and finally passes through the illumination beam combiner and the imaging lens to be captured by the imaging module.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the laser welding assembly further includes an auxiliary alignment light source integrated with the welding laser light source for emitting an auxiliary alignment red indicator light;

[0034] Preferably, the wavelength of the illumination infrared light is 936nm, the wavelength of the welding laser is 1064nm, and the wavelength of the auxiliary alignment red indicator light is 650nm;

[0035] Optionally, the optical coating of the second beam combiner is highly transmissive to welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light but highly reflective to illumination infrared light. Therefore, the optical coating of the second beam combiner 123 is expressed as R(936nm) / T(1064nm & 650nm).

[0036] Optionally, the optical coating of the second focusing lens is highly transmittant for illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm);

[0037] Optionally, the optical coating of the second upper protective mirror is high-transmittance for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm);

[0038] Optionally, the optical coating of the second lower protective mirror is designed to have high transmittance for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm).

[0039] Optionally, the fixed welding assembly also includes a middle protective mirror, which is located between the second focusing mirror and the second lower protective mirror;

[0040] Optionally, the optical coating of the middle protective mirror is highly transmittant to illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm).

[0041] In an optional implementation, the laser welding assembly is a fixed welding assembly;

[0042] The fixed welding assembly includes a welding laser source, a third upper protective mirror, a third collimating mirror, a third beam combiner, a third focusing mirror, and a third lower protective mirror arranged sequentially in the laser optical path;

[0043] The molten pool monitoring component also includes a second reflector;

[0044] The fixed welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows:

[0045] The laser emitted by the laser source passes through the third upper protective mirror and the third collimating mirror in sequence, and then reaches the third beam combiner. After being reflected by the third beam combiner, it passes through the third focusing mirror and the third lower protective mirror in sequence, and finally acts on the welding target.

[0046] The infrared light emitted by the light source is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner and the second reflector, and then passes through the third beam combiner, the third focusing lens and the third lower protective lens in sequence before finally illuminating the molten pool;

[0047] The infrared light reflected from the molten pool passes sequentially through the third lower protective mirror, the third focusing mirror, and the third beam combiner to reach the second reflecting mirror. It is then reflected by the second reflecting mirror and passes through the imaging lens before being captured by the imaging module.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the laser welding assembly further includes an auxiliary alignment light source integrated with the welding laser light source for emitting an auxiliary alignment red indicator light;

[0049] Preferably, the wavelength of the illumination infrared light is 936nm, the wavelength of the welding laser is 1064nm, and the wavelength of the auxiliary alignment red indicator light is 650nm;

[0050] Optionally, the optical coating of the third beam combiner is highly transmissive to illumination infrared light, but highly reflective to welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm) / T(936nm);

[0051] Optionally, the optical coating of the third focusing lens is highly transmittant for illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm);

[0052] Optionally, the optical coating of the third upper protective mirror is designed to have high transmittance for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm);

[0053] Optionally, the optical coating of the third lower protective mirror is highly transmittant to illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm).

[0054] In an optional implementation, the laser welding assembly is a galvanometer welding assembly;

[0055] The galvanometer welding assembly includes a welding laser source, a fourth upper protective mirror, a fourth collimating mirror, a fourth beam combiner, a second X galvanometer, a second Y galvanometer, and a field mirror arranged sequentially in the laser optical path;

[0056] The molten pool monitoring component also includes a third reflector;

[0057] The galvanometer welding assembly and the molten pool welding assembly are configured as follows:

[0058] The laser emitted by the laser source passes through the fourth collimating lens and reaches the fourth beam combiner. It is then reflected sequentially by the fourth beam combiner, the second X-ray galvanometer, and the second X-ray galvanometer to the field lens, and finally acts on the target weld.

[0059] The infrared light emitted by the light source is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner and the third mirror, then passes through the fourth beam combiner and reaches the second X mirror. It is then reflected in sequence by the second X mirror and the second Y mirror, passes through the field mirror, and finally illuminates the molten pool.

[0060] Infrared light reflected from the molten pool passes through the field lens to the second Y-lens, and is reflected by the second Y-lens and the second X-lens in sequence to pass through the fourth beam combiner and then to the third mirror. The third mirror reflects the light to pass through the illumination beam combiner and the imaging lens in sequence before being captured by the imaging module.

[0061] Optionally, the laser welding assembly also includes an auxiliary alignment light source integrated with the welding laser light source for emitting an auxiliary alignment red indicator light;

[0062] Preferably, the wavelength of the illumination infrared light is 936nm, the wavelength of the welding laser is 1064nm, and the wavelength of the auxiliary alignment red indicator light is 650nm;

[0063] Optionally, the optical coating of the fourth beam combiner is highly transmissive to the illumination infrared light, but highly reflective to both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm) & T(936nm).

[0064] The optical coating of the fourth upper protective mirror is designed to have high transmittance for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm);

[0065] The optical coating of the second X-mirror is highly reflective for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm);

[0066] The optical coating of the second Y-mirror is highly reflective for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, and is expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm).

[0067] The optical coating of the field lens is designed to provide high transmittance for illumination infrared light, welding laser light, and auxiliary alignment indicator light, expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm).

[0068] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a welding apparatus comprising a welding head as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the laser welding head and welding device provided in the embodiments of the present invention include:

[0070] The laser welding head provided in this invention mounts both the molten pool monitoring component and the laser welding component on the main axis. Through the specific arrangement of the illumination beam combiner, light source, imaging lens, and imaging module, the light source and monitoring component are no longer placed on the off-axis. This improves upon existing off-axis illumination and monitoring to coaxial illumination and monitoring, resulting in the following advantages of the improved laser welding head:

[0071] The illumination light can be used to observe the laser weld pool deep under the plate surface in real time along the laser beam path; since the camera beam path of the coaxial method always overlaps with the laser beam path, an optical lens with a smaller field of view can be selected to magnify the image of the small laser weld pool, making it easier to detect defects in real time and make quick adjustments; the coaxial solution is not affected by the clamping device in the case of clamping device; the coaxial method is more suitable for high-speed welding. Attached Figure Description

[0072] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the improvement of the existing welding method with paraxial lighting and paraxial monitoring to the welding method with coaxial lighting and coaxial detection provided by the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the optical elements of the laser welding head provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the optical elements of the laser welding head provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the optical elements of the laser welding head provided in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the optical elements of the laser welding head provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Icon: 10 - Laser welding head;

[0079] 101-Welding laser source; 111-First upper protective mirror; 112-First collimating mirror; 113-First X-ray galvanometer; 114-First Y-ray galvanometer; 115-First beam combiner; 116-First focusing mirror; 117-First lower protective mirror; 121-Second upper protective mirror; 122-Second collimating mirror; 123-Second beam combiner; 124-Second focusing mirror; 125-Middle protective mirror; 126-Second lower protective mirror; 131-Third upper protective mirror; 132-Third collimating mirror; 133-Third beam combiner; 134-Third focusing mirror; 135-Third lower protective mirror; 141-Fourth upper protective mirror; 142-Fourth collimating mirror; 143-Fourth beam combiner; 144-Second X-ray galvanometer; 145-Second Y-ray galvanometer; 146-Field mirror;

[0080] 201-First reflecting mirror; 202-Second reflecting mirror; 203-Third reflecting mirror; 210-Illumination source; 220-Illumination beam combiner; 230-Imaging lens; 240-Imaging module;

[0081] 20 - Molten pool. Detailed Implementation

[0082] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0083] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0084] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0085] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0086] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0087] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0088] First Embodiment

[0089] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser welding head 10, which includes a laser welding assembly with the optical beams evenly combined on the main shaft and a molten pool monitoring assembly;

[0090] The molten pool monitoring component includes an illumination beam mirror 220, an illumination source 210, an imaging lens 230, and an imaging module 240.

[0091] The illumination beam combiner 220, the imaging lens 230, and the imaging module 240 are arranged sequentially and located on the same illumination optical axis. The illumination beam combiner 220 is tilted at 45° on the illumination optical axis. The illumination source 210 is located near the illumination beam combiner 220 and in a direction perpendicular to the illumination optical axis.

[0092] The molten pool monitoring component is configured such that: the illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210 is reflected by the illumination beam combiner 220 and illuminates the molten pool 20; the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool 20 passes through the illumination beam combiner 220 and the imaging lens 230 in sequence and is finally collected by the imaging module 240.

[0093] like Figure 2 As shown, the laser welding head 10 provided in this embodiment of the invention combines the optical paths of the molten pool monitoring component and the laser welding component onto the main axis. Through the specific arrangement of the illumination beam combiner 220, illumination source 210, imaging lens 230, and imaging module 240, it is possible to eliminate the need to place the illumination source 210 and monitoring component on the off-axis. Figure 1 The existing paraxial lighting and paraxial monitoring shown are improved to coaxial illumination and coaxial monitoring, which makes operation more convenient and ensures monitoring quality.

[0094] The illumination beam combiner 220 is set at a 45° angle relative to the illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210.

[0095] Specifically, the illumination beam combiner 220 is a semi-reflective mirror that can combine two different wavelengths of light into the same optical path through transmission and reflection. This illumination beam combiner 220 can reflect the illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210 incident at 45°, and allow the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool 20 to pass through and be finally collected by the imaging module 240.

[0096] Alternatively, the "semi-reflective and semi-transparent" nature of the illumination beam combiner 220 can be either 50% reflective and 50% transmissive, or it can be in various forms with reflectivity and transmissivity in other percentages.

[0097] Optionally, the imaging module 240 is a CCD, CMOS or other type of photosensitive device.

[0098] Optionally, the laser welding assembly also includes an auxiliary alignment light source integrated with the welding laser light source for emitting an auxiliary alignment red indicator light.

[0099] Since welding lasers are invisible light, it is impossible to observe whether they are aligned during debugging by looking at the laser beam path. Therefore, an auxiliary alignment light source is set up to emit a red indicator light to assist in laser alignment. It should be noted that the integration of the auxiliary alignment light source and the welding laser is existing technology, and many lasers currently have this function. Therefore, the specific setup of the two will not be described in detail here.

[0100] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the laser welding assembly is an oscillating welding assembly;

[0101] The oscillating welding assembly includes a welding laser source 101, a first upper protective mirror 111, a first collimating mirror 112, a first X-mirror 113, a first Y-mirror 114, a first beam combiner 115, a first focusing mirror 116, and a first lower protective mirror 117 arranged sequentially on the laser optical path.

[0102] The oscillating welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows:

[0103] The welding laser source 101 emits a welding laser. The welding laser passes through the first upper protective mirror 111 and the first collimating mirror 112 in sequence to reach the first X-ray galvanometer 113. After reaching the first X-ray galvanometer 113, it is reflected by the first X-ray galvanometer 113, the first Y-ray galvanometer 114 and the first beam combiner 115 in sequence, and then passes through the first focusing mirror 116 and the first lower protective mirror 117 in sequence, and finally acts on the target weld.

[0104] The illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210 is reflected by the illumination beam combiner 220 and passes sequentially through the first beam combiner 115, the first focusing lens 116 and the first lower protective lens 117 before illuminating the molten pool 20; the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool 20 passes sequentially through the first lower protective lens 117, the first focusing lens 116, the first beam combiner 115, the illumination beam combiner 220 and the imaging lens 230 before being collected by the imaging module 240.

[0105] The specific control of the first X-mirror 113 and the first Y-mirror 114 in the oscillating welding assembly is prior art and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0106] The first beam combiner 115, through a special professional coating, allows for high transmission of the illumination infrared light while exhibiting high reflectivity for the welding laser and the red indicator light used for auxiliary alignment. Preferably, the illumination infrared light wavelength is 936nm, the welding laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the auxiliary alignment indicator light wavelength is 650nm. Therefore, the optical coating characteristics of the first beam combiner can be simply expressed as T(936nm) / R(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the first X-mirror 113 exhibits high reflectivity for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the first Y-mirror 114 also exhibits high reflectivity for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the first focusing lens 116 is highly transmittant to illumination infrared light, welding laser light, and auxiliary alignment indicator light, and can be expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm); the optical coating of the first upper protective lens 111 is highly transmittant to welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, and can be expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm); the optical coating of the first lower protective lens 117 is highly transmittant to illumination infrared light, welding laser light, and auxiliary alignment indicator light, and can be expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm).

[0107] Second Embodiment

[0108] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment; for any points not mentioned, please refer to the first embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is as follows:

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown, the laser welding assembly is a fixed welding assembly;

[0110] The fixed welding assembly includes a welding laser source 101, a second upper protective mirror 121, a second collimating mirror 122, a second beam combiner 123, a second focusing mirror 124, a middle protective mirror 125, and a second lower protective mirror 126 arranged sequentially on the laser optical path;

[0111] The molten pool monitoring component also includes a first reflector 201;

[0112] The fixed welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows:

[0113] The laser emitted by the welding laser source 101 passes sequentially through the second upper protective mirror 121, the second collimating mirror 122, the second beam combiner 123, the second focusing mirror 124, the middle protective mirror 125, and the second lower protective mirror 126 and acts on the welding target.

[0114] The illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210 is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner 220, the first reflector 201 and the second beam combiner 123, and then passes through the second focusing lens 124, the middle protective lens 125 and the second lower protective lens 126 before illuminating the molten pool 20.

[0115] The illumination infrared light reflected from the molten pool 20 passes sequentially through the second lower protective mirror 126, the middle protective mirror 125, and the second focusing mirror 124 to reach the second beam combiner 123. It is then reflected sequentially by the second beam combiner 123 and the first reflecting mirror 201, and then passes through the illumination beam combiner 220 and the imaging lens 230 to be collected by the imaging module 240.

[0116] Furthermore, the optical coating of the second beam combiner 123 has high transmittance for welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light but high reflectance for illumination infrared light, so the optical coating of the second beam combiner 123 can be expressed as R(936nm) / T(1064nm & 650nm); the optical coating of the second focusing lens 124 has high transmittance for illumination infrared light, welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm); the second upper protective lens 12 The optical coating of the first protective mirror 125 has high transmittance for both welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm); the optical coating of the second protective mirror 125 has high transmittance for both illumination infrared light, welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm); the optical coating of the second lower protective mirror 126 has high transmittance for both welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm).

[0117] Third Embodiment

[0118] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment; for any points not mentioned, please refer to the first embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is as follows:

[0119] like Figure 4 As shown, the laser welding assembly is a fixed welding assembly;

[0120] The fixed welding assembly includes a welding laser source 101, a third upper protective mirror 131, a third collimating mirror 132, a third beam combiner 133, a third focusing mirror 134 and a third lower protective mirror 135 arranged sequentially in the laser optical path;

[0121] The molten pool monitoring component also includes a second reflector 202;

[0122] The fixed welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows:

[0123] The welding laser emitted by the welding laser source 101 passes through the third upper protective mirror 131 and the third collimating mirror 132 in sequence, and then reaches the third beam combiner 133. After being reflected by the third beam combiner 133, it passes through the third focusing mirror 134 and the third lower protective mirror 135 in sequence, and finally acts on the welding target.

[0124] The illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210 is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner 220 and the second reflector 202, and then passes in sequence through the third beam combiner 133, the third focusing lens 134 and the third lower protective lens 135 before finally illuminating the molten pool 20.

[0125] The illumination infrared light reflected from the molten pool 20 passes sequentially through the third lower protective mirror 135, the third focusing mirror 134 and the third beam combiner 133 to reach the second reflecting mirror 202, is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 202 to pass through the imaging lens 230, and is finally collected by the imaging module 240.

[0126] The optical coating of the third beam combiner 133 is highly transmissive to illumination infrared light, but highly reflective to welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm) / T(936nm).

[0127] The optical coating of the third focusing lens 134 is highly transmittant for illumination infrared light, welding laser light and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(936nm&1064nm&650nm).

[0128] The optical coating of the third upper protective lens 131 is highly transparent for both welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm).

[0129] The optical coating of the third lower protective lens 135 has high transmittance for illumination infrared light, welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(936nm&1064nm&650nm).

[0130] Fourth embodiment

[0131] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment; for any points not mentioned, please refer to the first embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is as follows:

[0132] like Figure 5 As shown, the laser welding assembly is a galvanometer welding assembly;

[0133] The galvanometer welding assembly includes a welding laser source 101, a fourth upper protective mirror 141, a fourth collimating mirror 142, a fourth beam combiner 143, a second X-galvanometer 144, a second Y-galvanometer 145, and a field mirror 146 arranged sequentially in the laser optical path.

[0134] The molten pool monitoring component also includes a third reflector 203;

[0135] The galvanometer welding assembly and the molten pool 20 welding assembly are configured as follows:

[0136] The welding laser emitted by the welding laser source 101 passes through the fourth upper protective mirror 141 and the fourth collimating mirror 142 to reach the fourth beam combiner 143. It is then reflected sequentially by the fourth beam combiner 143, the second X-mirror 144, and the second Y-mirror 145 to the field mirror 146, and finally acts on the target weld.

[0137] The illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source 210 is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner 220 and the third reflector 203, then passes through the fourth beam combiner 143 and reaches the second X-ray mirror 144. It is then reflected in sequence by the second X-ray mirror 144 and the second Y-ray mirror 145 and passes through the field mirror 146, finally illuminating the molten pool 20.

[0138] The illumination infrared light reflected from the molten pool 20 passes through the field lens 146 and reaches the second Y-lens 145. It is reflected in sequence by the second Y-lens 145 and the second X-lens 144 and passes through the fourth beam combiner 143 before reaching the third reflector 203. It is reflected by the third reflector 203 and passes in sequence through the illumination beam combiner 220 and the imaging lens 230 before being collected by the imaging module 240.

[0139] Optionally, the optical coating of the fourth beam combiner 143 is highly transmissive to illumination infrared light, but highly reflective to welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm) & T(936nm).

[0140] The optical coating of the fourth upper protective mirror 141 is highly transmittance for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm).

[0141] The optical coating of the second X-mirror 144 is highly reflective for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm).

[0142] The optical coating of the second Y-galvanometer 145 is highly reflective for both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm).

[0143] The optical coating of field lens 146 has high transmittance for illumination infrared light, welding laser and auxiliary alignment indicator light, which can be expressed as T(936nm&1064nm&650nm).

[0144] It should be noted that the coatings involved in the various optical components in this application are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0145] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding head, characterized in that, This includes a laser welding assembly with the optical beams evenly combined on the main shaft and a molten pool monitoring assembly; The molten pool monitoring component includes an illumination beam mirror, an illumination source, an imaging lens, and an imaging module; The illumination beam combiner, the imaging lens, and the imaging module are arranged sequentially and located on the same illumination optical axis. The illumination beam combiner is tilted at 45° on the illumination optical axis, and the illumination source is located near the illumination beam combiner in a direction perpendicular to the illumination optical axis. The molten pool monitoring component is configured such that: the illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source is reflected by the illumination beam combiner and illuminates the molten pool; the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool passes sequentially through the illumination beam combiner and the imaging lens and is finally collected by the imaging module. The laser welding assembly is an oscillating welding assembly; The oscillating welding assembly includes a welding laser source, a first upper protective mirror, a first collimating mirror, a first X-mirror, a first Y-mirror, a first beam combiner, a first focusing mirror, and a first lower protective mirror arranged sequentially on the laser optical path; The oscillating welding assembly and the molten pool monitoring assembly are configured as follows: The welding laser source emits a welding laser, which passes through the first upper protective mirror and the first collimating mirror in sequence to reach the first X-ray galvanometer. After reaching the first X-ray galvanometer, it is reflected by the first X-ray galvanometer, the first Y-ray galvanometer and the first beam combiner in sequence, and then passes through the first focusing mirror and the first lower protective mirror in sequence, finally acting on the target weld. The illumination infrared light emitted by the illumination source is reflected by the illumination beam combiner and passes through the first beam combiner, the first focusing lens, and the first lower protective lens in sequence before illuminating the molten pool; the illumination infrared light reflected back from the molten pool passes through the first lower protective lens, the first focusing lens, the first beam combiner, the illumination beam combiner, and the imaging lens in sequence before being collected by the imaging module. Alternatively, the laser welding assembly may be a galvanometer welding assembly; The galvanometer welding assembly includes a welding laser source, a fourth upper protective mirror, a fourth collimating mirror, a fourth beam combiner, a second X galvanometer, a second Y galvanometer, and a field mirror arranged sequentially in the laser optical path; The molten pool monitoring component also includes a third reflector; The galvanometer welding assembly and the molten pool welding assembly are configured as follows: The laser emitted by the laser source passes through the fourth collimating lens and reaches the fourth beam combiner. It is then reflected sequentially by the fourth beam combiner, the second X-ray galvanometer, and the second X-ray galvanometer to pass through the field mirror and finally act on the target weld. The infrared light emitted by the light source is reflected in sequence by the illumination beam combiner and the third reflector, then passes through the fourth beam combiner and reaches the second X-mirror. It is then reflected in sequence by the second X-mirror and the second Y-mirror and passes through the field mirror, finally illuminating the molten pool. Infrared light reflected from the molten pool passes through the field lens to the second Y-lens, is reflected sequentially by the second Y-lens and the second X-lens, passes through the fourth beam combiner, and reaches the third mirror. It is then reflected by the third mirror and passes sequentially through the illumination beam combiner and the imaging lens before being captured by the imaging module. The illumination infrared light wavelength is 936nm, and the welding laser wavelength is 1064nm.

2. The laser welding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The illumination source is a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser or an edge-emitting laser.

3. The laser welding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser wavelength used in the lighting source is in the near-infrared band.

4. The laser welding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imaging module is either CCD or CMOS.

5. The laser welding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser welding assembly also includes an auxiliary alignment light source integrated with the welding laser light source for emitting an auxiliary alignment red indicator light.

6. The laser welding head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wavelength of the auxiliary alignment red indicator light is 650nm.

7. The laser welding head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first beam combiner has high transmittance of illumination infrared light, but high reflectivity of both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light; therefore, the optical coating on the surface of the first beam combiner is described as T(936nm) / R(1064nm & 650nm).

8. The laser welding head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The optical coating of the first focusing lens is highly transparent to the illumination infrared light, the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, and is expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm).

9. The laser welding head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optical coating of the first upper protective mirror is highly transparent to the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the first lower protective mirror is highly transparent to the illumination infrared light, the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, and is expressed as T(936nm & 1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the first X-mirror is highly reflective to the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm). The first Y-mirror optical coating is highly reflective to the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, and is expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm).

10. The laser welding head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optical coating of the fourth beam combiner is highly transmissive to the illumination infrared light, but highly reflective to both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm) & T(936nm). The optical coating of the fourth upper protective mirror is highly transparent to both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as T(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the second X-mirror is highly reflective to both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the second Y-mirror is highly reflective to both the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as R(1064nm & 650nm). The optical coating of the field lens has high transmittance for the illumination infrared light, the welding laser and the auxiliary alignment red indicator light, expressed as T(936nm&1064nm&650nm).

11. A welding apparatus, characterized in that, Includes the weld joint as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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