Rail train energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail train energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate, which comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a primary energy absorption mechanism and a secondary energy absorption mechanism, and is characterized in that the inner cylinder is inserted into the outer cylinder in a sliding manner; the first-stage energy absorption mechanism comprises a plastic square pipe, an expansion conical head and a contact piece; the size of the second-stage energy absorption mechanism can be compressed, and the second-stage energy absorption mechanism is arranged in the outer cylinder. The first-stage energy absorption mechanism has the beneficial effects that the first-stage energy absorption mechanism absorbs energy through the pipe body plastic deformation capacity and friction force generated in the thin-walled pipe expansion process, the speed influence is avoided, and stable energy absorption can be achieved in various collision scenes. Meanwhile, the first-stage energy absorption mechanism generates energy for expansion of the inner thin-walled pipe, the expanded thin wall is tightly attached to the inner wall of the inner cylinder, vertical force is effectively supported, the energy absorption structure has higher vertical load resistance, the risk of structural failure caused by the fact that the front end is too long and the vertical force is borne in the collision process is reduced, and the service life of the energy absorption structure is prolonged. And orderliness and effectiveness of the energy absorption process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy absorption devices, and in particular to a rail train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate. Background Art

[0002] As the overall operating speed of rail trains (including high-speed rail and subway) continues to rise, the performance standards for passive safety anti-collision systems are becoming increasingly stringent. Energy-absorbing structures are evolving towards high stability and high energy-absorbing efficiency. However, the energy-absorbing structures currently used are mainly limited to handling low-energy, low-speed collisions, with a relatively simple design, and the collision force they can withstand and the energy they can absorb are relatively limited.

[0003] The limitations of this design mean that the product can only cope with limited collision scenarios, and the overall energy absorption mechanism is often activated during low-speed collisions. The primary energy absorption device in the prior art usually relies on the damping force generated by clay or oil pressure to absorb energy, but this mechanism has inherent defects. The size of the damping force is significantly affected by the compression speed: in low-speed collisions, the damping force generated is relatively small; in high-speed collisions, the damping force may increase sharply, almost becoming a rigid body, resulting in the completion of the rear-end energy absorption process, but the primary energy absorption device is not effectively triggered.

[0004] In addition, the front end of traditional energy-absorbing structures often extends too long. In a train collision accident, this design makes the overall structure susceptible to large vertical forces in the length direction, causing the front end structure to fail or even deform, making it impossible to absorb energy in an orderly manner as expected. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a rail train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate, so as to improve the adaptability and efficiency of the energy absorption structure under various collision speeds, avoid the limitation of being triggered too early in a low-speed collision or being unable to effectively absorb energy in a high-speed collision; at the same time, optimize the design of the energy absorption structure, reduce the risk of structural failure caused by the vertical force in the collision due to the excessively long front end, and ensure the orderliness and effectiveness of the energy absorption process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a rail vehicle energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate, comprising: outer cylinder; An inner cylinder, the inner cylinder being slidably inserted in the outer cylinder; A primary energy absorbing mechanism, the primary energy absorbing mechanism comprising a plastic square tube, an expansion cone head and a contact piece, the plastic square tube is fixed in the inner tube, the expansion cone head is slidably arranged in the inner tube, the tip of the expansion cone head is embedded in the plastic square tube, the plastic square tube can be attached to the inner wall of the inner tube after being expanded by the expansion cone head, and the contact piece is fixed to one end of the expansion cone head away from the plastic square tube; and, The secondary energy absorbing mechanism has a compressible volume and is disposed in the outer tube. Both ends of the secondary energy absorbing mechanism are respectively in contact with the inner bottom wall of the outer tube and the inner tube.

[0007] In some embodiments, the contact piece includes a connecting rod and anti-climbing teeth, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to an end of the expansion cone head away from the plastic square tube, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the anti-climbing teeth, and the tooth surface of the anti-climbing teeth faces the impact direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, a guide groove is formed on the inner side wall of the outer tube, and a first protrusion matched with the guide groove is formed on the outer side wall of the inner tube, and the first protrusion is slidably disposed in the guide groove.

[0009] In some embodiments, a baffle is fixed inside the inner cylinder, and one end of the plastic square tube is fixed to the baffle.

[0010] In some embodiments, a locking space is formed between the baffle and the plastic square tube, and the secondary energy absorption mechanism includes a plurality of honeycomb blocks and at least one thrust block, and each of the honeycomb blocks is sequentially arranged in the outer tube along the length direction of the outer tube, one end of the honeycomb block closest to the inner tube is locked in the locking space, and one end of the honeycomb block farthest from the inner tube is abutted against the inner bottom surface of the outer tube, and a thrust block is arranged between two adjacent honeycomb blocks, and the thrust block is slidably arranged in the outer tube.

[0011] In some embodiments, the honeycomb block is formed by bonding aluminum foil and then stretching the bonded aluminum foil, and the cross-section of the honeycomb block is a regular hexagon.

[0012] In some embodiments, the thrust block includes two thrust plates and a connector, the two thrust plates are fixedly connected via the connector, and the two thrust plates are slidably disposed in the outer cylinder.

[0013] In some embodiments, a second protrusion that matches the guide groove is formed on the outer side wall of the thrust plate, and the second protrusion is slidably disposed in the guide groove.

[0014] In some embodiments, a mounting plate is fixed on the outer cylinder, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed on the mounting plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the rail vehicle energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate further includes a wedge block, wherein the wedge block is fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and the tip of the wedge block is embedded between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the high energy absorption rate rail train energy absorption device provided by the present invention are: the first-level energy absorption mechanism of the present invention absorbs energy by using the plastic deformation ability of the tube body and friction generated during the expansion of the thin-walled tube, which is not affected by speed and can stably absorb energy in various collision scenarios. At the same time, while the first-level energy absorption mechanism generates energy by expanding the internal thin-walled tube, the expanded thin wall is tightly attached to the inner wall of the inner tube, effectively supporting the vertical force, so that the energy absorption structure has a higher ability to resist vertical loads, reducing the risk of structural failure caused by the vertical force in the collision due to the excessive length of the front end, and ensuring the orderliness and effectiveness of the energy absorption process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a railway train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate provided in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rail train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of a rail train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a railway train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate provided in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle area A; Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1-outer cylinder, 11-guide groove, 12-mounting plate, 121-mounting hole, 2-inner cylinder, 21-first protrusion, 22-baffle, 3-primary energy absorption mechanism, 31-plastic square tube, 32-expansion cone head, 33-contact piece, 331-connecting rod, 332-anti-climbing tooth, 4-secondary energy absorption mechanism, 41-honeycomb block, 42-thrust block, 421-thrust plate, 4211-second protrusion, 422-connector, 5-wedge block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] In order to improve the adaptability and efficiency of the energy absorption structure under various collision speeds, avoid the limitation of being triggered too early in a low-speed collision or being unable to effectively absorb energy in a high-speed collision; at the same time, optimize the design of the energy absorption structure, reduce the risk of structural failure caused by the vertical force in the collision due to the excessively long front end, and ensure the orderliness and effectiveness of the energy absorption process, the present invention provides a rail train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate.

[0020] Example 1 See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a railway train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate in Example 1 of the present invention. The railway train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate comprises an outer tube 1, an inner tube 2, a primary energy absorption mechanism 3 and a secondary energy absorption mechanism 4.

[0021] The inner cylinder 2 is slidably inserted into the outer cylinder 1 .

[0022] The first-level energy absorption mechanism 3 includes a plastic square tube 31, an expansion cone head 32 and a contact piece 33. The plastic square tube 31 is fixed in the inner tube 2, and the expansion cone head 32 is slidably arranged in the inner tube 2. The tip of the expansion cone head 32 is embedded in the plastic square tube 31. The plastic square tube 31 can be attached to the inner wall of the inner tube 2 after expansion by the expansion cone head 32. The contact piece 33 is fixed to one end of the expansion cone head 32 away from the plastic square tube 31, serving as a first interface for contacting an external collision object.

[0023] The volume of the secondary energy absorbing mechanism 4 is compressible and is disposed in the outer tube. Two ends of the secondary energy absorbing mechanism 4 are respectively in contact with the inner bottom wall of the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2 .

[0024] When in use, the outer cylinder 1 is fixed to the front or rear of a train. When an external object (such as another train) collides with the contact member 33, the collision force is transmitted to the expansion cone head 32 through the contact member 33. Under the action of the collision force, the expansion cone head 32 slides along the inner cylinder 2, and its tip gradually expands in the plastic square tube 31, causing the plastic square tube 31 to undergo plastic deformation and absorb a large amount of collision energy. As the plastic square tube 31 expands, it gradually fits the inner wall of the inner cylinder 2, further enhancing the lateral stability and energy absorption capacity of the structure. At the same time, the collision force continues to be transmitted to the inner cylinder 2, causing the inner cylinder 2 to slide in the outer cylinder 1 or compress the secondary energy absorption mechanism 4. The secondary energy absorption mechanism 4 begins to deform under the compression of the inner cylinder 2, further absorbing the collision energy. Through this multi-stage energy absorption design, the device can achieve efficient energy absorption at different speeds, while reducing the impact and damage to the train structure.

[0025] At the same time, when the vehicle encounters a collision accident, the system is designed to first activate the primary energy absorption mechanism, and then activate the secondary energy absorption mechanism after it fully works. For low-speed collision situations, the reversible plastic deformation experienced by the plastic square tube 31 alone is sufficient to effectively absorb the energy generated by the collision. In view of this, when dealing with low-speed collisions, the device only needs to activate the primary energy absorption mechanism 3 to fully ensure the safety of the vehicle, while the secondary energy absorption mechanism 4 remains in an inactive state and does not require intervention. The advantage of this design is that when subsequent maintenance is required, there is no need to replace the entire device, only to reinstall a new primary energy absorption component, thereby greatly reducing maintenance costs and showing a wide range of application potential and flexibility.

[0026] The first-level energy absorption mechanism of the present invention absorbs energy by using the plastic deformation ability of the tube body and friction generated during the expansion of the thin-walled tube. It is not affected by speed and can stably absorb energy in various collision scenarios. At the same time, while the first-level energy absorption mechanism generates energy for the expansion of the internal thin-walled tube, the expanded thin wall is tightly attached to the inner wall of the inner tube, effectively supporting the vertical force, so that the energy absorption structure has a higher ability to resist vertical loads, reducing the risk of structural failure caused by the vertical force in the collision due to the excessive length of the front end, and ensuring the orderliness and effectiveness of the energy absorption process.

[0027] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 The contact member 33 includes a connecting rod 331 and an anti-climbing tooth 332. One end of the connecting rod 331 is fixedly connected to the end of the expansion cone head 32 away from the plastic square tube 31. The other end of the connecting rod 331 is fixedly connected to the anti-climbing tooth 332. The tooth surface of the anti-climbing tooth 332 faces the impact direction. The design of the anti-climbing tooth 332 effectively prevents the climbing of external objects during the collision process, thereby increasing the safety of the energy absorption device. The tooth surface faces the impact direction, which can better guide the collision force and improve the energy absorption efficiency.

[0028] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 The inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 is provided with a guide groove 11, and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 2 is provided with a first protrusion 21 matched with the guide groove 11, and the first protrusion 21 is slidably arranged in the guide groove 11. The cooperation between the guide groove and the first protrusion ensures the stable sliding of the inner cylinder in the outer cylinder, improves the reliability and stability of the structure, reduces the shaking of the inner cylinder during the sliding process, and is conducive to the orderly transmission and absorption of energy.

[0029] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 A baffle 22 is fixed in the inner tube 2, and one end of the plastic square tube 31 is fixed to the baffle 22. The baffle provides a fixed support point for the plastic square tube, ensuring the stability of the plastic square tube during the expansion process.

[0030] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 A clamping space is formed between the baffle 22 and the plastic square tube 31. The secondary energy absorption mechanism 4 includes a plurality of honeycomb blocks 41 and at least one thrust block 42. Each of the honeycomb blocks 41 is sequentially arranged in the outer tube 1 along the length direction of the outer tube 1. One end of the honeycomb block 41 closest to the inner tube 2 is clamped in the clamping space, and one end of the honeycomb block 41 farthest from the inner tube 2 is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the outer tube 1. A thrust block 42 is arranged between two adjacent honeycomb blocks 41, and the thrust block 42 is slidably arranged in the outer tube 1. The combined design of the honeycomb block and the thrust block realizes multi-stage absorption and transmission of energy.

[0031] In the aluminum honeycomb structure, the maximum length of the honeycomb block 41 is 500-600mm due to various constraints such as production. Considering the actual product usage scenario, the length of the honeycomb block 41 is mostly more than 1m, which involves the splicing between the honeycomb blocks. In the prior art, the splicing between the honeycomb blocks is mostly 2mm aluminum plates as the middle partitions, which are bonded by glue. This production method will lead to instability of the collision force value, and the production process has high requirements for the bonding process and the use of glue. As the glue ages over time, the effect of the glue weakens, and the honeycomb block will be uncontrollably torn longitudinally during the collision, and the energy absorption effect is poor. The present invention uses the thrust block 42 to move smoothly in the specified slide, so that the multi-segment aluminum honeycomb can stably absorb energy.

[0032] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 The honeycomb block 41 is formed by bonding aluminum foil and then stretching the bonded aluminum foil, and the cross section of the honeycomb block 41 is a regular hexagon. The honeycomb block is formed by bonding and stretching aluminum foil, and has excellent energy absorption performance and lightweight characteristics. The regular hexagonal cross-section design improves the stability and energy absorption efficiency of the honeycomb block.

[0033] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 The thrust block 42 includes two thrust plates 421 and a connector 422. The two thrust plates 421 are fixedly connected via the connector 422. Both thrust plates 421 are slidably disposed in the outer cylinder 1. The two thrust plates are fixedly connected by the connector, thereby improving the integrity and stability of the thrust block.

[0034] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 A second protrusion 4211 matching with the guide groove 11 is formed on the outer wall of the thrust plate 421, and the second protrusion 4211 is slidably arranged in the guide groove 11. The cooperation between the second protrusion on the thrust plate and the guide groove ensures the stable sliding of the thrust block in the outer cylinder.

[0035] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-Figure 3 The outer cylinder 1 is fixed with a mounting plate 12, and the mounting plate 12 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 121. The mounting plate provides convenience for the installation of the energy absorbing device, and the energy absorbing device can be conveniently fixed to the train through the mounting holes. The connection strength between the energy absorbing device and the train structure is increased, and the overall safety is improved.

[0036] Example 2 See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the rail train energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate further includes a wedge block 5, which is fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1, and the tip of the wedge block 5 is embedded between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2. During a collision, the wedge block 5 can passively shrink the diameter of the inner cylinder during compression, thereby generating a contraction force and a friction force. At the same time, the inner cylinder is in close contact with the honeycomb block after being shrunk, which ensures the stability of the honeycomb block and performs stable compression energy absorption.

[0037] In order to better understand the present invention, the following Figures 1 to 5 The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail: when in use, the outer cylinder 1 is fixed to the front or rear of a train, and when an external object (such as another train) collides with the contact member 33, the collision force is transmitted to the expansion cone head 32 through the contact member 33. The expansion cone head 32 slides along the inner cylinder 2 under the action of the collision force, and its tip gradually expands in the plastic square tube 31, causing the plastic square tube 31 to undergo plastic deformation and absorb a large amount of collision energy. As the plastic square tube 31 expands, it gradually fits the inner wall of the inner cylinder 2, further enhancing the lateral stability and energy absorption capacity of the structure. At the same time, the collision force continues to be transmitted to the inner cylinder 2, causing the inner cylinder 2 to slide in the outer cylinder 1 until the secondary energy absorption mechanism 4 is compressed. The honeycomb block 41 undergoes plastic deformation through its unique structure, further absorbing the collision energy. Through this multi-stage energy absorption design, the device can achieve efficient energy absorption at different speeds, while reducing the impact and damage to the train structure.

[0038] The first-level energy absorption mechanism of the present invention absorbs energy by using the plastic deformation ability of the tube body and friction generated during the expansion of the thin-walled tube. It is not affected by speed and can stably absorb energy in various collision scenarios. At the same time, while the first-level energy absorption mechanism generates energy for the expansion of the internal thin-walled tube, the expanded thin wall is tightly attached to the inner wall of the inner tube, effectively supporting the vertical force, so that the energy absorption structure has a higher ability to resist vertical loads, reducing the risk of structural failure caused by the vertical force in the collision due to the excessive length of the front end, and ensuring the orderliness and effectiveness of the energy absorption process.

[0039] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail train energy absorption device with a high energy absorption rate, characterized in that: include: outer cylinder; An inner cylinder, the inner cylinder being slidably inserted in the outer cylinder; A primary energy absorbing mechanism, the primary energy absorbing mechanism comprising a plastic square tube, an expansion cone head and a contact piece, the plastic square tube is fixed in the inner tube, the expansion cone head is slidably arranged in the inner tube, the tip of the expansion cone head is embedded in the plastic square tube, the plastic square tube can be attached to the inner wall of the inner tube after being expanded by the expansion cone head, and the contact piece is fixed to one end of the expansion cone head away from the plastic square tube; and, The secondary energy absorbing mechanism has a compressible volume and is disposed in the outer tube. Both ends of the secondary energy absorbing mechanism are respectively in contact with the inner bottom wall of the outer tube and the inner tube.

2. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The contact member includes a connecting rod and anti-climbing teeth, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to an end of the expansion cone head away from the plastic square tube, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the anti-climbing teeth, and the tooth surface of the anti-climbing teeth faces the impact direction.

3. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the outer cylinder is provided with a guide groove, and the outer wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a first protrusion matched with the guide groove, and the first protrusion is slidably arranged in the guide groove.

4. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A baffle is fixed inside the inner cylinder, and one end of the plastic square tube is fixed to the baffle.

5. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A locking space is formed between the baffle and the plastic square tube. The secondary energy absorbing mechanism includes a plurality of honeycomb blocks and at least one thrust block. The honeycomb blocks are sequentially arranged in the outer tube along the length direction of the outer tube. One end of the honeycomb block closest to the inner tube is locked in the locking space, and one end of the honeycomb block farthest from the inner tube is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the outer tube. A thrust block is arranged between two adjacent honeycomb blocks, and the thrust block is slidably arranged in the outer tube.

6. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The honeycomb block is formed by bonding aluminum foils and then stretching the bonded aluminum foils. The cross section of the honeycomb block is a regular hexagon.

7. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thrust block comprises two thrust plates and a connecting body, the two thrust plates are fixedly connected via the connecting body, and the two thrust plates are both slidably arranged in the outer cylinder.

8. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second protrusion matched with the guide groove is formed on the outer side wall of the thrust plate, and the second protrusion is slidably arranged in the guide groove.

9. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting plate is fixed on the outer cylinder, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed on the mounting plate.

10. The rail vehicle energy absorption device with high energy absorption rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wedge block, which is fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and the tip of the wedge block is embedded between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.

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