Steel arch support device for tunnel and support method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, particularly relates to a steel arch support device for a tunnel and a support method thereof, and aims to overcome the defect that large-area cracks are easy to appear in a secondary lining due to deformation of surrounding rock in a later operation process since more rigid supports are adopted by the conventional tunnel support device. A plurality of connecting lug plates are fixedly installed on the two sides of the supporting rail at equal intervals, adjusting plates are slidably connected into the supporting rail, and the tops of the adjusting plates extend to the position above the supporting rail. The arch-shaped frame can make close contact with the top wall of the tunnel, the tunnel is supported through the arch-shaped frame, when the tunnel is affected by vibration, buffering protection can be conducted on the top wall of the tunnel, and the probability of tunnel damage is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a steel arch support device for a tunnel and a support method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel engineering is an important part of highways. Due to the characteristics of terrain, geology and landform in the southwest region, tunnels account for a large proportion of highway construction. Tunnel safety is particularly important in highway operation and management. Investment in safety is an important guarantee to ensure benefits.

[0003] The surrounding rock support system of a tunnel is an important guarantee for the stability of the tunnel structure. Its safety is related to the construction and long-term operation of the tunnel. A reasonable support structure must have a certain degree of rigidity and flexibility.

[0004] However, the existing tunnel support devices mostly use rigid support. In the later operation process, the deformation of the surrounding rock can easily cause large cracks in the secondary lining. If an emergency such as an earthquake occurs, relying solely on rigid support will not effectively absorb external forces and enhance the seismic performance of the entire tunnel, which may lead to damage to the tunnel structure.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention document proposes a steel arch support device and a support method for a tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a steel arch support device for a tunnel and a support method thereof, which solves the disadvantage that the existing tunnel support devices in the prior art mostly adopt rigid support, which easily causes large-area cracks in the secondary lining due to the deformation of the surrounding rock during the later operation process.

[0007] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A steel arch support device for a tunnel comprises two support rails, a plurality of connecting ear plates are fixedly installed at equal intervals on both sides of the support rails, an adjustment plate is slidably connected in the support rails, the top of the adjustment plate extends to the top of the support rails, a plurality of first through holes are opened at equal intervals on the inner wall of one side of the support rails, and a plurality of second through holes are opened at equal intervals on the adjustment plate, and the support device further comprises:

[0009] Two positioning mechanisms, the two positioning mechanisms are respectively installed on the corresponding support rails, and the positioning mechanisms are respectively clamped with the plurality of second through holes and the corresponding first through holes;

[0010] A supporting mechanism, which is installed between two adjusting plates and is used for buffering and supporting the top wall of the tunnel;

[0011] The mounting mechanism is mounted on the supporting mechanism, and the mounting mechanism is connected with an arch frame.

[0012] In a possible design, the positioning mechanism includes two fixing plates, which are respectively fixedly mounted on the top of both sides of the support rail, and the same clamp is clamped on the two fixing plates, and the clamp is used to clamp the adjustment plate. A fixing bolt is fixedly mounted on one side of the fixing plate, and the fixing bolt passes through the clamp and is fixedly connected to the clamp, and a positioning rod is fixedly mounted on one side of the clamp, and the positioning rod is clamped with the second through hole and the corresponding first through hole respectively.

[0013] In a possible design, the support mechanism includes a support plate, a mounting mechanism is mounted on the top of the support plate, the support plates are fixedly mounted on the tops of two adjustment plates, four inclined panels are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the bottom of the support plate, the same support plate is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the four inclined panels, both sides of the support plate are fixedly connected to the two adjustment plates, a movable plate is slidably connected through the support plate, a buffer assembly is mounted on the bottom of the movable plate, the buffer assembly is respectively matched with the inclined surfaces of the four inclined panels, and the top of the movable plate is connected to the mounting mechanism.

[0014] In a possible design, the buffer assembly includes a transmission plate fixedly mounted on the bottom of the movable plate, transmission grooves are provided on both sides of the transmission plate, a driving plate is slidably connected in the transmission groove, one side of the driving plate extends to the outside of the transmission plate, a transmission rod is fixedly mounted through the driving plate, two rollers are symmetrically fixedly sleeved on the transmission rod, the rollers roll with the corresponding inclined surfaces of the inclined plates, buffer grooves are provided on the top and bottom of the driving plate, slide plates are fixedly mounted on the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the transmission groove, one side of the slide plate extends into the transmission groove and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission groove, two second compression springs are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the inner wall of one side of the buffer groove, one end of the second compression spring is fixedly connected to one side of the slide plate.

[0015] In a possible design, a plurality of buffer rods are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the bottom of the driving plate, a plurality of buffer covers are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the top of the support plate, the bottom ends of the buffer rods extend into the corresponding buffer covers and are fixedly installed with buffer disks, the buffer disks are tightly slidably connected to the inner walls of the buffer covers, and air holes are provided on the bottom inner walls on both sides of the buffer covers.

[0016] In a possible design, the mounting mechanism includes a bracket fixedly mounted on the top of the movable plate, the bottom of the arch frame is clamped in the bracket, two mounting plates are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the arch frame, two mounting holes are symmetrically opened on the mounting plate, two positioning bolts are symmetrically fixedly mounted on both sides of the bracket, the positioning bolts pass through the corresponding mounting holes, and the positioning bolts are threadedly connected with positioning nuts located above the mounting plate, and the positioning nuts are used to tighten the mounting plates.

[0017] In a possible design, a plurality of connecting plates are fixedly installed at equal intervals on both sides of the bracket, a connecting rod is slidably connected through the connecting plates, the bottom end of the connecting rod is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate, and a first compression spring located below the connecting plate is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the top and bottom ends of the first compression spring are fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting plate and the top of the support plate, respectively.

[0018] In a possible design, two dampers are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the top of the support plate, and the movable ends of the two dampers are fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket.

[0019] A supporting method, applied in the steel arch supporting device for a tunnel as described above, comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1. Installation and fastening of arch frame:

[0021] Install the arch frame on the bracket, use the positioning bolts to pass through the mounting holes, and tighten the positioning nuts to tighten the mounting plate to fix the arch frame.

[0022] S2. Arch support adjustment:

[0023] Move the adjustment plate upwards so that the arch frame is in close contact with the top wall of the tunnel to achieve effective support.

[0024] S3. Limitation and fixation of adjustment plate:

[0025] Install the clamp on the support rail, pass the positioning rod through the through hole to limit the adjustment plate, and then fix the clamp with the fixing bolt to ensure the stability of the positioning rod and the adjustment plate.

[0026] S4. Initial buffering of the arch:

[0027] When the tunnel top wall vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the arch frame, causing it to vibrate longitudinally and drive the bracket to move; at this time, the compression spring provides buffering support for the bracket, providing initial buffering for the arch frame.

[0028] S5. Shock absorption of bracket:

[0029] When the bracket moves longitudinally, the damper works to slow down its movement, ensuring that the arch frame can buffer and support the top wall of the tunnel while avoiding excessive vibration.

[0030] S6. Elastic support of arch frame:

[0031] When the movable plate moves downward with the vibration of the bracket, it drives the transmission plate and the driving plate to move, and then pushes the roller to roll along the inclined plate; the rolling of the roller causes the driving plate to move laterally, so that the compression spring is stressed and provides elastic force, which reacts on the movable plate and provides elastic support for the arch frame.

[0032] S7. Stable support and air pressure damping of the arch frame:

[0033] When the buffer rod moves with the driving plate, it drives the buffer plate to move; when the buffer plate moves, the gas below it is input or output through the air holes to form air pressure damping; the shaking amplitude and frequency of the driving plate and the arch frame are reduced, and stable support and buffer protection are achieved.

[0034] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the invention.

[0035] Beneficial effect: In the present invention, by means of the positioning mechanism, after the height of the adjustment plate is adjusted to a specified position, the clamp can be mounted on the support rail, and the positioning rod is passed through the second through hole and the first through hole to limit the adjustment plate, and then the clamp can be fixed by two fixing bolts, so that the positioning rod can be stably limited, that is, the adjustment plate can be stably limited;

[0036] In the present invention, by providing a supporting mechanism, when the arch frame supports the tunnel, when the arch frame is vibrated, the vibration can be transmitted to the movable plate, and then, when the buffer component is vibrated, the vibration can be buffered, so that the tunnel can be buffered and supported;

[0037] In the present invention, through the provided installation mechanism, after the arch frame is clamped on the bracket, four positioning bolts are passed through the corresponding installation holes, and then the positioning nuts can be threadedly connected to the positioning bolts, so that the mounting plate can be tightened, so that the arch frame can be fixedly installed.

[0038] The present invention can adjust the height of the two adjustment plates according to the height of the tunnel top wall, so that when the arch frame is supported, the arch frame can be in close contact with the tunnel top wall, the tunnel is supported by the arch frame, and when the tunnel is affected by vibration, the tunnel top wall can be buffered and protected, thereby reducing the probability of tunnel damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a steel arch support device for a tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a support rail, an adjustment plate and a hoop connection structure of a steel arch support device for a tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection structure of the hoop and the positioning rod of the steel arch support device for the tunnel provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a bracket and an arch separation structure of a steel arch support device for a tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a moving plate, a bracket, a transmission plate and a connection structure of two moving plates of a steel arch support device for a tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a connection structure of a support plate, a transmission plate, a plurality of buffer rods and a plurality of buffer covers of a steel arch support device for a tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the separation structure of the buffer rod, buffer plate and buffer cover of the steel arch support device for the tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Reference numerals:

[0047] 1. Support rail; 2. Connecting ear plate; 3. First perforation; 4. Adjustment plate; 5. Second perforation; 6. Fixed plate; 7. Hoop; 8. Positioning rod; 9. Fixing bolt; 10. Support plate; 11. Support plate; 12. Inclined plate; 13. Moving plate; 14. Bracket; 15. Arch frame; 16. Positioning bolt; 17. Mounting plate; 18. Positioning nut; 19. Connecting plate; 20. Connecting rod; 21. First compression spring; 22. Damper; 23. Transmission plate; 24. Transmission groove; 25. Drive plate; 26. Transmission rod; 27. Roller; 28. Buffer groove; 29. ​​Slide plate; 30. Second compression spring; 31. Buffer rod; 32. Buffer plate; 33. Buffer cover; 34. Air hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms, "connection" and "installation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. In addition, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Among them, "fixed" means that they are connected to each other and the relative position relationship after connection remains unchanged. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention, such as "inside", "outside", "top", "bottom", etc., are only reference to the directions of the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 The present embodiment is a steel arch support device for a tunnel, and its structure includes two support rails 1, a plurality of connecting ear plates 2 are welded at equal intervals on both sides of the support rails 1, an adjustment plate 4 is slidably connected inside the support rails 1, and the top of the adjustment plate 4 extends to the top of the support rails 1, a plurality of first through holes 3 are evenly spaced on the inner wall of one side of the support rails 1, and a plurality of second through holes 5 are evenly spaced on the adjustment plate 4.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, we installed a positioning mechanism on the support rail 1. Each positioning mechanism includes two fixing plates 6, which are fixedly mounted on the top of both sides of the support rail 1. A clamp 7 is clamped on the two fixing plates 6, and the clamp 7 can clamp the adjustment plate 4. On one side of the fixing plate 6, we fixedly installed a fixing bolt 9, which passes through the clamp 7 and is connected to the clamp 7 by threading. A positioning rod 8 is welded on one side of the clamp 7, and the positioning rod 8 can be clamped with the second perforation 5 and the corresponding first perforation 3 respectively. After adjusting the height of the adjustment plate 4, we can clamp the clamp 7 on the support rail 1, and let the positioning rod 8 pass through the second perforation 5 and the first perforation 3 to limit the adjustment plate 4. Subsequently, we can tighten the clamp 7 with two fixing bolts 9 to achieve stable limiting of the positioning rod 8, and then achieve stable limiting of the adjustment plate 4.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, we installed a support mechanism between the two adjustment plates 4. The support mechanism includes a support plate 10, which is fixedly mounted on the top of the two adjustment plates 4. At the bottom of the support plate 10, we symmetrically welded four inclined panels 12, and a support plate 11 is welded to the bottom of the four inclined panels 12, and the two sides of the support plate 11 are fixedly connected to the two adjustment plates 4 respectively. On the support plate 10, we have a moving plate 13 that is slidably connected, and a buffer component is installed at the bottom of the moving plate 13. This buffer component is respectively matched with the inclined transmission of the four inclined panels 12, and the top of the moving plate 13 is connected to the installation mechanism to be installed later.

[0053] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the specific structure of the buffer assembly includes a transmission plate 23 fixedly mounted at the bottom of the moving plate 13, and transmission grooves 24 are provided on both sides of the transmission plate 23. A driving plate 25 is slidably connected in the transmission groove 24, and one side of the driving plate 25 extends to the outside of the transmission plate 23. On the driving plate 25, we have a transmission rod 26 fixedly installed, and two rollers 27 are symmetrically fixedly sleeved on the transmission rod 26. The two rollers 27 can roll with the corresponding inclined surface of the inclined plate 12. Buffer grooves 28 are provided at the top and bottom of the driving plate 25. A slide plate 29 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the transmission groove 24. One side of the slide plate 29 extends into the transmission groove 24 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission groove 24. On the inner wall of one side of the buffer groove 28, we have symmetrically fixedly installed two second compression springs 30, and one end of the two second compression springs 30 is fixedly connected to one side of the corresponding slide plate 29. When the moving plate 13 is vibrated and moves downward, it will drive the transmission plate 23 to move downward, and then drive the two driving plates 25 to move downward, pushing the four rollers 27 to roll downward along the corresponding inclined plate 12. At this time, the rollers 27 will push the driving plate 25 to move horizontally during the downward rolling process, so that the corresponding four second compression springs 30 are in a stressed state. In addition, the second compression springs 30 in a stressed state can provide corresponding elastic force to react on the moving plate 13, so as to elastically support the arch frame 15 and then provide buffer protection for the top wall of the tunnel.

[0054] In addition, if Figure 6 As shown, at the bottom of the driving plate 25, we have fixedly installed a plurality of buffer rods 31 at equal intervals. At the top of the support plate 11, we have also fixedly installed a plurality of buffer covers 33 at equal intervals. The bottom end of the buffer rod 31 extends into the corresponding buffer cover 33 and is fixedly installed with a buffer disk 32, which is tightly slidably connected to the inner wall of the buffer cover 33. On the inner wall at the bottom of both sides of the buffer cover 33, we have opened an air hole 34. When the buffer rod 31 moves longitudinally with the transmission plate 23, it will drive the buffer disk 32 to move. As the buffer disk 32 moves, the gas under the buffer disk 32 will be input or output through the two air holes 34. Since the area of ​​the two air holes 34 is much smaller than the area of ​​the buffer disk 32, when the buffer disk 32 moves, a damping effect can be formed under the action of air pressure. In this way, when the transmission plate 23 performs buffering support on the arch frame 15, the amplitude and frequency of shaking can be reduced, thereby providing more stable support for the arch frame 15.

[0055] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6, Embodiment 2: This embodiment is based on the embodiment 1. Regarding the steel arch support device for tunnels proposed in the embodiment 1, the mounting mechanism is mainly composed of a bracket 14, which is fixedly mounted on the top of the movable plate 13. The bottom of the arch frame 15 is designed to be able to be clamped in the bracket 14 to ensure its stability. On the arch frame 15, we symmetrically fixedly installed two mounting plates 17, and each mounting plate 17 has two mounting holes symmetrically opened. In order to firmly fix the arch frame 15 on the bracket 14, we symmetrically fixedly installed four positioning bolts 16 on both sides of the bracket 14. These positioning bolts 16 are designed to be able to pass through the corresponding mounting holes, and on the positioning bolts 16, we threadedly connect the positioning nuts 18 located above the mounting plates 17. When the arch frame 15 is clamped on the bracket 14, we will pass the four positioning bolts 16 through the corresponding mounting holes, and then thread the positioning nuts 18 on the positioning bolts 16. In this way, we can fasten the mounting plate 17 , thereby achieving fixed installation of the arch frame 15 .

[0056] In order to further enhance the stability of the bracket 14, we have fixedly installed a plurality of connecting plates 19 at equal intervals on both sides of the bracket 14. A connecting rod 20 is slidably connected through each connecting plate 19, and the bottom ends of these connecting rods 20 are fixedly installed on the top of the support plate 10. On the connecting rod 20, we have sleeved a first compression spring 21 located below the connecting plate 19. The top and bottom ends of the first compression spring 21 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting plate 19 and the top of the support plate 10, respectively. In this way, by utilizing the sliding connection between the connecting rod 20 and the connecting plate 19, we can limit the longitudinal sliding of the bracket 14. At the same time, the presence of multiple first compression springs 21 can provide buffer support for the bracket 14, thereby realizing auxiliary buffer support for the arch frame 15.

[0057] In addition, in order to further slow down the longitudinal movement of the bracket 14, two dampers 22 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the support plate 10. The movable ends of the two dampers 22 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket 14. When the bracket 14 moves longitudinally, the two dampers 22 will play an auxiliary role, so that the bracket 14 can slow down its longitudinal movement. In this way, when the arch frame 15 provides buffer support for the top wall of the tunnel, it can avoid the vibration amplitude of the arch frame 15 being too large, thereby effectively protecting the top wall of the tunnel.

[0058] The present invention provides a support method, which is applied to the steel arch support device for a tunnel as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. First, the arch frame 15 is clamped on the bracket 14, and four positioning bolts 16 are passed through the corresponding mounting holes. Then, the positioning nuts 18 can be threadedly connected to the positioning bolts 16, so that the mounting plate 17 can be tightened, so that the arch frame 15 can be fixedly installed;

[0060] S2, move the two adjustment plates 4 upwards, so that the arch frame 15 contacts the top wall of the tunnel, and use the arch frame 15 to support the top wall of the tunnel;

[0061] S3, clamp the clamp 7 on the support rail 1, and make the positioning rod 8 pass through the second through hole 5 and the first through hole 3 to limit the adjustment plate 4, and then use two fixing bolts 9 to fix the clamp 7, so that the positioning rod 8 can be stably limited, that is, the adjustment plate 4 can be stably limited;

[0062] S4. When the tunnel top wall vibrates, the vibration can be transmitted to the arch frame 15, and the arch frame 15 vibrates longitudinally, which can drive the bracket 14 to move longitudinally. The first compression springs 21 can provide buffer support for the bracket 14, thereby providing auxiliary buffer support for the arch frame 15.

[0063] S5. When the bracket 14 moves longitudinally, with the assistance of the two dampers 22, the bracket 14 can slow down the amplitude of the longitudinal movement, so that the arch frame 15 can buffer and support the tunnel top wall while avoiding excessive vibration amplitude of the arch frame 15, thereby protecting the tunnel top wall;

[0064] S6, when the moving plate 13 vibrates with the bracket 14, when the moving plate 13 is vibrated and moves downward, it can drive the transmission plate 23 to move downward, and at this time, it can drive the two driving plates 25 to move downward, that is, it can push the four rollers 27 to roll downward along the corresponding inclined plate 12. At this time, when the rollers 27 roll downward, they can push the driving plate 25 to move horizontally, so that the corresponding four second compression springs 30 can be in a stressed state, and the second compression springs 30 in a stressed state can provide corresponding elastic force to react on the moving plate 13, so that the arch frame 15 can be elastically supported, so that the top wall of the tunnel can be buffered and protected;

[0065] S7. When the buffer rod 31 moves longitudinally with the driving plate 25, it can drive the buffer plate 32 to move. When the buffer plate 32 moves, the gas under the buffer plate 32 can be input or output through the two air holes 34, and the area of ​​the two air holes 34 is much smaller than the area of ​​the buffer plate 32. Therefore, when the buffer plate 32 moves again, it can form a damping effect under the action of air pressure. In this way, when the driving plate 25 is buffering and supporting the arch frame 15, the amplitude and frequency of the shaking can be reduced, so that the arch frame 15 can be supported more stably, thereby providing buffer protection for the tunnel top wall.

[0066] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention; the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A steel arch support device for a tunnel, comprising two support rails (1), a plurality of connecting ear plates (2) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on both sides of the support rails (1), an adjustment plate (4) is slidably connected inside the support rails (1), the top of the adjustment plate (4) extends to the top of the support rails (1), a plurality of first through holes (3) are evenly spaced on the inner wall of one side of the support rails (1), and a plurality of second through holes (5) are evenly spaced on the adjustment plate (4), characterized in that: The support device also includes: Two positioning mechanisms, the two positioning mechanisms are respectively mounted on corresponding support rails (1), and the positioning mechanisms are respectively clamped with the plurality of second through holes (5) and the corresponding first through holes (3); A support mechanism, the support mechanism is installed between the two adjustment plates (4), and the support mechanism is used to provide buffer support for the top wall of the tunnel; The mounting mechanism is mounted on the supporting mechanism, and the mounting mechanism is connected with an arch frame (15).

2. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning mechanism comprises two fixing plates (6), the two fixing plates (6) are respectively fixedly mounted on the top of both sides of the support rail (1), the two fixing plates (6) are clamped with a same clamping hoop (7), the clamping hoop (7) is used to clamp the adjustment plate (4), a fixing bolt (9) is fixedly mounted on one side of the fixing plate (6), the fixing bolt (9) passes through the clamping hoop (7) and is fixedly connected to the clamping hoop (7), a positioning rod (8) is fixedly mounted on one side of the clamping hoop (7), and the positioning rod (8) is clamped with the second through hole (5) and the corresponding first through hole (3) respectively.

3. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism comprises a support plate (10), a mounting mechanism is mounted on the top of the support plate (10), the support plate (10) is respectively fixedly mounted on the tops of the two adjustment plates (4), four inclined panels (12) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the bottom of the support plate (10), the bottoms of the four inclined panels (12) are fixedly mounted with a same support plate (11), both sides of the support plate (11) are respectively fixedly connected with the two adjustment plates (4), a moving plate (13) is slidably connected through the support plate (10), a buffer assembly is mounted on the bottom of the moving plate (13), the buffer assembly is respectively matched with the inclined surfaces of the four inclined panels (12), and the top of the moving plate (13) is connected with the mounting mechanism.

4. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buffer assembly comprises a transmission plate (23) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the moving plate (13), transmission grooves (24) are provided on both sides of the transmission plate (23), a driving plate (25) is slidably connected in the transmission groove (24), one side of the driving plate (25) extends to the outside of the transmission plate (23), a transmission rod (26) is fixedly mounted on the driving plate (25), two rollers (27) are symmetrically fixedly sleeved on the transmission rod (26), and the rollers (27) are symmetrically fixedly sleeved on the corresponding inclined plates (12) The driving plate (25) is provided with a buffer groove (28) at the top and bottom, and a slide plate (29) is fixedly installed on the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the transmission groove (24). One side of the slide plate (29) extends into the transmission groove (24) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission groove (24). Two second compression springs (30) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the buffer groove (28), and one end of the second compression spring (30) is fixedly connected to one side of the slide plate (29).

5. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of buffer rods (31) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the bottom of the driving plate (25), a plurality of buffer covers (33) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the top of the supporting plate (11), the bottom ends of the buffer rods (31) extend into the corresponding buffer covers (33) and are fixedly installed with buffer trays (32), the buffer trays (32) are tightly slidably connected to the inner walls of the buffer covers (33), and air holes (34) are provided on the inner walls of the bottoms of both sides of the buffer covers (33).

6. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting mechanism comprises a bracket (14) fixedly mounted on the top of the movable plate (13); the bottom of the arch frame (15) is clamped in the bracket (14); two mounting plates (17) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the arch frame (15); two mounting holes are symmetrically provided on the mounting plate (17); two positioning bolts (16) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on both sides of the bracket (14); the positioning bolts (16) pass through the corresponding mounting holes; and the positioning bolts (16) are threadedly connected with positioning nuts (18) located above the mounting plate (17); the positioning nuts (18) are used to fasten the mounting plate (17).

7. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of connecting plates (19) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on both sides of the bracket (14), a connecting rod (20) is slidably connected through the connecting plate (19), the bottom end of the connecting rod (20) is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate (10), and a first compression spring (21) located below the connecting plate (19) is sleeved on the connecting rod (20), and the top and bottom ends of the first compression spring (21) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting plate (19) and the top of the support plate (10) respectively.

8. The steel arch support device for tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two dampers (22) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the top of the support plate (10), and the movable ends of the two dampers (22) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket (14).

9. A supporting method, applied to a steel arch supporting device for a tunnel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Installation and fastening of the arch frame (15): The arch frame (15) is clamped on the bracket (14), four positioning bolts (16) are passed through the mounting holes, and the positioning nuts (18) are tightened on the positioning bolts (16), and the mounting plate (17) is fastened to fix the arch frame (15); S2. Support adjustment of the arch frame (15): move the two adjustment plates (4) upwards so that the arch frame (15) is in close contact with the tunnel top wall to achieve effective support therefor; S3, limiting and fixing the adjustment plate (4): the clamp (7) is clamped on the support rail (1), the positioning rod (8) passes through the second through hole (5) and the first through hole (3) to limit the adjustment plate (4), and then the clamp (7) is fixed with two fixing bolts (9) to ensure the stability of the positioning rod (8) and the adjustment plate (4); S4, initial buffering of the arch frame (15): when the tunnel top wall vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the arch frame (15), causing it to vibrate longitudinally and drive the bracket (14) to move; at this time, a plurality of first compression springs (21) provide buffering support for the bracket (14), providing initial buffering for the arch frame (15); S5, shock absorption of the bracket (14): when the bracket (14) moves longitudinally, the two dampers (22) play a role to slow down its movement amplitude, ensuring that the arch frame (15) can avoid excessive vibration amplitude while buffering and supporting the tunnel top wall, thereby protecting the tunnel top wall; S6, elastic support of the arch frame (15): when the movable plate (13) moves downward with the vibration of the bracket (14), it drives the transmission plate (23) and the driving plate (25) to move, thereby pushing the roller (27) to roll along the inclined plate (12); the rolling of the roller (27) causes the driving plate (25) to move laterally, so that the four second compression springs (30) are stressed and provide elastic force, reacting to the movable plate (13), providing elastic support for the arch frame (15), and further buffering and protecting the tunnel top wall; S7. Stable support and air pressure damping of the arch frame (15): When the buffer rod (31) moves with the driving plate (25), it drives the buffer plate (32) to move; when the buffer plate (32) moves, the gas below it is input or output through two air holes (34), forming air pressure damping; the shaking amplitude and frequency of the driving plate (25) and the arch frame (15) are reduced, thereby achieving stable support for the arch frame (15) and buffer protection for the tunnel top wall.

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