Anti-freezing and anti-freezing heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnel and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-freezing and anti-freezing heating and heat preservation system suitable for a high-cold and high-altitude tunnel and a construction method, relates to the field of anti-freezing and anti-freezing water prevention and drainage of the high-cold and high-altitude tunnel and tunnel heat preservation, and provides the anti-freezing and anti-freezing heating and heat preservation system suitable for the high-cold and high-altitude tunnel. The device is characterized by comprising a water absorption device, a methane combustion heating device, a heat preservation and waterproof device and a tunnel portal heating device which are arranged in a tunnel primary support, the water absorption device and the heat preservation and waterproof device are sequentially arranged on the surface of the tunnel primary support from inside to outside, and the methane combustion heating device is embedded in the heat preservation and waterproof device; and the tunnel portal heating device is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel. The tunnel is prevented from being frozen due to water seepage and water leakage through a methane combustion heating method, and heat generated by methane combustion is stored through the polyurethane heat preservation waterproof plate. And meanwhile, a single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe and a central drainage ditch are arranged, so that normal operation of the tunnel waterproof and drainage system at extremely low temperature is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antifreeze, anti-freeze and drainage and tunnel insulation in high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, and in particular to an antifreeze, antifreeze, heating and insulation system and a construction method suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of my country's transportation construction, the meteorological, hydrological, geological, geomorphological, and surrounding rock types faced by highway tunnels have become increasingly complex, and water leakage has become one of the most important problems faced by highway tunnels. Under the long-term action of water leakage, the tunnel lining structure will be eroded and damaged, causing water accumulation on the road and deteriorating the driving environment. At the same time, water leakage will affect the safety and performance of mechanical and electrical, ventilation, lighting and other equipment in the tunnel. Especially in cold-region tunnels with a long operating life, under the action of repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the long-term performance of tunnel waterproof materials has dropped sharply, causing water leakage to easily penetrate the waterproof layer into the lining, causing the concrete lining to weather and erode, causing structural damage; and for the drainage system behind the lining, it is very easy to produce a decline in drainage performance due to ice, frost heave, frost cracking and other reasons, resulting in poor drainage behind the lining, and water leakage from the weak places of the lining, causing ice hanging on the side wall, ice on the road surface, frost heave cracking of the lining and other diseases, which seriously threaten driving safety.

[0003] The existing methods for treating tunnel diseases in cold regions mainly include surrounding rock grouting, burying water pipes, and surface spraying of thermal insulation materials. When surrounding rock grouting is used in cold region tunnels, the factors such as the slurry permeability coefficient, setting time, and diffusion radius are easily affected by low temperature, and the waterproof effect is not ideal. In addition, the surrounding rock grouting operation period is long and the cost is high. The buried water pipe is only used to treat water leakage in construction joints of cold region tunnels, but it is less applicable to large-area water seepage and slow seepage of tunnel lining. In addition, since the buried depth of the water pipe is generally shallow, it is very easy to be blocked by ice. The surface spraying of thermal insulation materials is limited by the spraying thickness, material properties, etc., and its thermal insulation effect is not ideal, and the project cost is high. In short, considering the prevention and control effect and economic benefits, the existing cold region tunnel antifreeze and thermal insulation technology can no longer adapt to the development of tunnel engineering construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention aims to provide an antifreeze and anti-freeze heating and insulation system and construction method suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, so as to solve the problem of tunnel structure freezing and cracking caused by the influence of low temperature during tunnel construction and tunnel operation in the above-mentioned high-cold and high-altitude areas, and the freezing and expansion of water flow inside the tunnel.

[0005] The main idea of ​​the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: the present application adopts a method of heating by methane combustion to prevent the freezing of tunnel water leakage, and adopts a polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board coated with molybdenum disulfide, which can not only be thermally insulated and waterproof, but also store the heat generated by methane combustion, so that the tunnel water leakage can always be in a liquid state under the blessing of the heat generated by methane combustion, which is convenient for draining the tunnel water leakage. In order to drain the tunnel water leakage smoothly and prevent the water from freezing during the discharge process, the present application adds a removable sponge material filler with quicklime powder sprinkled on the surface inside the central drainage ditch, and the quicklime on the filler reacts with water to release heat, so as to prevent the water in the central drainage ditch from freezing, and then the water in the central drainage ditch is pumped out of the tunnel by a water turbine pump, that is, after the tunnel water leakage seeps out of the tunnel, it can always remain in a liquid state when entering any of the above devices through the interlocking of the water absorption device, the methane combustion heating device, and the thermal insulation and waterproof device, and finally, the liquid water is discharged out of the tunnel. During the construction of high-altitude and cold tunnels, extremely low-temperature air entering the tunnel will cause the temperature inside the tunnel to drop further. Therefore, this application adopts the method of adding an insulating door and an electric heating ring at the tunnel entrance to heat the air flow and prevent freezing and cracking accidents inside the tunnel.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A freezing and antifreeze heating and insulation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, characterized in that it includes a water absorption device arranged inside the tunnel primary branch, a methane combustion heating device, a thermal insulation and waterproof device, and a tunnel entrance heating device. The surface of the tunnel primary branch is provided with a water absorption device and a thermal insulation and waterproof device in sequence from the inside to the outside. The methane combustion heating device is buried inside the thermal insulation and waterproof device, and the tunnel entrance heating device is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel.

[0007] Furthermore, the water absorbing device includes a plurality of quick-drying water absorbing parts laid between the primary support of the tunnel and the heat preservation device.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the quick-drying absorbent components comprises a polyurethane absorbent layer and a sponge absorbent layer which are connected to each other, and the sponge absorbent layer and the polyurethane absorbent layer are respectively connected to the tunnel primary support and the thermal insulation and waterproof device.

[0009] Furthermore, the pore diameter ratio of the polyurethane water absorbing layer to the sponge water absorbing layer is 2:1, and the pore density ratio of the polyurethane water absorbing layer to the sponge water absorbing layer is 1:2.

[0010] Furthermore, the methane combustion and heating device includes a plurality of methane diversion channels buried in the thermal insulation and waterproof device at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, the plurality of methane diversion channels are arranged parallel to each other, and the outside of each of the methane diversion channels is wrapped with a rubber layer.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of each of the methane guide channels is an air inlet section of the guide pipe, and the other end is an air outlet section of the guide pipe. A spark plug for igniting methane gas is provided inside the air inlet section of the guide pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the thermal insulation and waterproof device includes a plurality of spaced polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof boards coated with molybdenum disulfide laid on the outside of the quick-drying absorbent component, a diversion channel opened on the upper surface of each polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board, and a drainage structure located under the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board, and the methane combustion and heating device is buried between two polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof boards.

[0013] Furthermore, the drainage structure includes a single-wall perforated drainage pipe that runs through the tunnel's primary branch, quick-drying water-absorbing parts and is arranged on a polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board, and a central drainage ditch that is opened on the ground below the tunnel and has a removable filler inside. The single-wall perforated drainage pipe is located above the central drainage ditch.

[0014] Furthermore, the tunnel entrance heating device includes an electric heating ring and a thermal insulation door, wherein the thermal insulation door is located below the electric heating ring and is connected to the side wall of the tunnel entrance.

[0015] The present application also discloses a construction method of an antifreeze and antifreeze heating and insulation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Lay a layer of quick-drying water-absorbing material on the inner side of the tunnel primary support; S2: Evenly lay single-wall perforated drainage pipes in the antifreeze section of the tunnel; S3: A polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof sheet is laid on the outside of the quick-drying water-absorbing component; S4: a methane diversion channel is buried in the construction joint of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board, and the construction joint is filled with a rubber layer wrapped outside the methane diversion channel; S5: Use impermeable concrete and mix in expanded slag beads with thermal insulation effect to build the secondary lining waterproof reinforcement structure; S6: dig a central drainage ditch on the ground surface below the tunnel, and add fillers and a water turbine pump inside the dug central drainage ditch, so that the quicklime on the filler reacts with water to release heat, thereby preventing the water in the central drainage ditch from freezing, and pumping the water in the central drainage ditch out of the tunnel through the water turbine pump; S7: Install electric heating rings and thermal insulation doors at the tunnel entrance; S8: When antifreeze, antifreeze and heating insulation are required for high-altitude and cold tunnels, the seepage water in the tunnel is first absorbed by the quick-drying absorbent, and then the methane gas is introduced into the methane diversion channel and ignited with a spark plug to make the methane gas react with the oxygen inside the methane diversion channel. The heat generated during the reaction is introduced into the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board through the air outlet to prevent the tunnel structure from freezing and cracking. While the quick-drying absorbent absorbs the seepage water, the leakage in the tunnel is introduced into the diversion channel on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board through the single-wall perforated drainage pipe. Finally, the seepage and leakage of all tunnels are collected into the central drainage ditch through the diversion channel on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board and discharged from the outside of the tunnel.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following improvements: By adopting the method of heating by methane combustion to prevent the freezing of tunnel water leakage, and using a polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board coated with molybdenum disulfide, it can not only be thermally insulated and waterproof, but also store the heat generated by methane combustion, so that the tunnel water leakage can always be in a liquid state under the blessing of the heat generated by methane combustion, which is convenient for draining the tunnel water leakage. In order to smoothly discharge the tunnel water leakage and prevent the water from freezing during the discharge process, the present application adds a removable sponge material filler with quicklime powder sprinkled on the surface inside the central drainage ditch, and the quicklime on the filler reacts with water to release heat, so as to prevent the water in the central drainage ditch from freezing, and then the water in the central drainage ditch is pumped out of the tunnel by a water turbine pump. That is to say, after the tunnel water leakage seeps out of the tunnel, it can always remain in a liquid state when entering any of the above devices through the interlocking of the water absorption device, the methane combustion heating device, and the thermal insulation and waterproof device, and finally, the liquid water is discharged out of the tunnel.

[0017] Specifically: 1. Water absorption device: The traditional conventional waterproofing idea is mainly based on "prevention", so the first step is often to use geotextiles with waterproof properties; and the engineering background of this application is based on a water-rich tunnel section at high altitude and high cold. The tunnel water seepage is relatively abundant, and under extreme low temperature conditions, the tunnel water seepage will freeze and produce frost cracking, causing damage to the tunnel structure. Therefore, conventional geotextile waterproof fabrics cannot meet the construction requirements. For this reason, this application uses water absorption and drainage instead of waterproofing. In order to improve the water absorption efficiency of the absorbent cloth, the water absorption device of this application uses the differential capillary principle and the wetting gradient principle to improve the water absorption efficiency of the absorbent cloth. The differential capillary principle is that when the pores of the first layer of absorbent cloth are larger than the pores of the second layer of absorbent cloth, the liquid will automatically penetrate from the first layer of absorbent cloth to the second layer of absorbent cloth; the wetting gradient principle is that the water absorption performance of the second layer of sponge absorbent cloth is stronger than that of the first layer of polyurethane absorbent cloth, and a wetting gradient will be generated between the two, thereby improving the water absorption efficiency; 2. Methane combustion heating device: Due to the harsh and extremely low temperature conditions at high altitudes, tunnel seepage is bound to freeze. At this time, it is necessary to keep the tunnel seepage in a flowing state for easy discharge; and because it involves low-temperature gas combustion construction, it is necessary to use relatively safe and green low-concentration methane gas; the source of methane gas is selected from the civil natural gas pipeline or the gas storage tank is used to store gas in advance as the gas source; 3. Thermal insulation and waterproof device: This application applies a layer of molybdenum disulfide coating on the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board, so that the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board can prevent freezing and play a waterproof role when in use; in addition, a removable sponge filler sprinkled with quicklime is added inside the central drainage ditch. The quicklime releases heat when it comes into contact with water, which can ensure that the tunnel seepage is in a liquid state, preventing the tunnel seepage from freezing and causing freezing and cracking of the tunnel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is an overall front view of the tunnel structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is the overall three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunnel structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is an overall cross-sectional view of the tunnel structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the thermal insulation door of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water turbine pump and filler in the central drainage ditch of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the water turbine pump in the central drainage ditch of the present invention Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the quick-drying water-absorbing member of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the filler of the present invention.

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the methane combustion heating device of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board of the present invention.

[0027] Among them: 1. surrounding rock, 2. primary support of tunnel, 3. quick-drying water-absorbing parts, 4. polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board, 5. secondary lining, 6. single-wall perforated drainage pipe, 7. central drainage ditch, 8. screws, 9. electric heating coil, 10. thermal insulation door, 11. methane diversion channel, 12. water turbine pump motor, 13. water turbine pump blades, 14. water turbine pump casing, 15. filler, 16. diversion channel, 17. diversion pipe air inlet section, 18. air outlet, 19. diversion pipe air outlet section, 20. spark plug, 21. polyurethane water-absorbing layer, 22. sponge water-absorbing layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example

[0029] During the construction process in the extremely low temperature of high-altitude and cold areas, the first thing to do is to prevent the tunnel seepage from freezing and expanding, and ensure that the tunnel seepage is in a liquid state before it can be discharged using a drainage structure. Therefore, this application discloses an antifreeze and antifreeze heating and insulation system suitable for high-altitude and cold tunnels. Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 10 The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and insulation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels includes a water absorption device arranged inside the tunnel primary branch 2, a methane combustion heating device, a thermal insulation and waterproof device, and a tunnel portal heating device. The surface of the tunnel primary branch 2 is provided with a water absorption device and a thermal insulation and waterproof device from the inside to the outside. The methane combustion heating device is buried inside the thermal insulation and waterproof device, and the tunnel portal heating device is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel.

[0030] The water absorbing device comprises a plurality of quick-drying water absorbing parts 3 which are laid between the tunnel primary support 2 and the heat preservation device.

[0031] Each quick-drying absorbent member 3 includes a polyurethane absorbent layer 21 and a sponge absorbent layer 22 connected to each other, and the sponge absorbent layer 22 and the polyurethane absorbent layer 21 are connected to the tunnel primary support 2 and the thermal insulation and waterproof device, respectively. It should be noted that the screw 8 is driven into the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board 4, penetrates the polyurethane absorbent layer 21 and the sponge absorbent layer 22, and is fixed on the tunnel primary support 2, that is, the double-layer structure of the quick-drying absorbent member 3, the polyurethane absorbent layer 21 and the sponge absorbent layer 22 are fixed by the screw 8.

[0032] The quick-drying absorbent 3 adopts the differential capillary principle and the wet gradient principle to improve the water absorption efficiency of the absorbent cloth. The differential capillary principle means that when the pores of the first layer of absorbent are larger than those of the second layer of absorbent, the liquid will automatically penetrate from the first layer of absorbent to the second layer of absorbent; the wet gradient principle means that the water absorption performance of the second layer of absorbent is stronger than that of the first layer of absorbent, and a wet gradient will be generated between the two, thereby improving the water absorption efficiency; Therefore, the first layer of water-absorbing member of the present application is a polyurethane water-absorbing layer 21, which is made of polyurethane material, and the second layer of water-absorbing member is a sponge water-absorbing layer 22, which is made of absorbent sponge material; the pore diameter ratio of the polyurethane water-absorbing layer 21 and the sponge water-absorbing layer 22 is 2:1, and the pore density ratio of the polyurethane water-absorbing layer 21 and the sponge water-absorbing layer 22 is 1:2, that is, the pores of the polyurethane water-absorbing layer 21 are larger than the pores of the sponge water-absorbing layer 22 to improve the water absorption efficiency.

[0033] The methane combustion heating device comprises a plurality of methane diversion channels 11 buried in the thermal insulation and waterproof device at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel. The plurality of methane diversion channels 11 are arranged parallel to each other, and the outside of each methane diversion channel 11 is wrapped with a rubber layer.

[0034] Specifically, one end of each methane guide channel 11 is a guide tube air intake section 17, and the other end is a guide tube air outlet section 19. The guide tube air intake section 17 is provided with a spark plug for igniting methane gas. The material of the methane guide channel 11 is honeycomb ceramic, the purpose is to improve the heat storage efficiency; it should be noted that the methane gas concentration is 1.0 vol.%, and the intake flow rate is 10 Nm 3 / h, the air intake speed is 0.5m / s. Fig.10 As shown, the outer wall of the methane guide channel 11 is provided with an air outlet 18, and the rubber layer at the position corresponding to the air outlet 18 of the methane guide channel 11 is also provided with an air outlet, the purpose of which is to conduct the heat of methane combustion into the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4. During heating, methane gas is connected from a civil natural gas pipeline or introduced into the methane guide channel 11 from the outside, and ignited by a spark plug 20, so that the methane gas reacts with the oxygen inside the methane guide channel 11, and the heat generated during the reaction is introduced into the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4 through the air outlet 18, and finally the generated carbon dioxide and water are conducted out of the methane guide channel 11 through the guide pipe outlet section 19.

[0035] It should be noted that the explosion concentration of methane gas is 5%-15%. The gas concentration of this application is 1.0 vol.%, i.e. 1%, and the flow rate and air intake speed are strictly controlled. After methane burns, carbon dioxide and water are produced, and no secondary flammable gas is produced, so it is safer and greener.

[0036] It should also be noted that, since the tunnel is an underground structure, it will face a more complex engineering geological environment and unpredictable external disturbances. Temperature changes, crustal movement and changes in tunnel seepage levels will cause changes in the tunnel structure, so it is necessary to set construction joints for buffering; the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panels 4 are constructed at equal distances, and the gap between the two polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panels 4 is the construction joint; since the existence of the construction joint will cause water seepage between the two polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panels 4, a methane diversion channel 11 is set in the construction joint to fill this gap, but the material of the methane diversion channel 11 is honeycomb ceramics, and since the deformation ability of honeycomb ceramic materials is poor, it cannot play a water-stopping role. Therefore, the present application wraps a rubber layer on the outside of the methane diversion channel 11, and through the elasticity of the rubber layer itself, the construction joint is filled with the rubber layer to prevent water seepage from occurring in the construction joint.

[0037] The thermal insulation and waterproof device includes a plurality of spaced apart polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof boards 4 coated with molybdenum disulfide and laid on the outside of the quick-drying absorbent, a diversion channel 16 opened on the upper surface of each polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board 4, and a drainage structure located below the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof board 4. The methane combustion and heating device is buried between two polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof boards 4.

[0038] The drainage structure includes a single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe 6 that runs through the tunnel primary branch 2, quick-drying water absorbent parts and is arranged on the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4, and a central drainage ditch 7 opened on the ground below the tunnel and provided with a removable filler 15 inside, and the single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe 6 is located above the central drainage ditch 7.

[0039] The single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe 6 is opened from the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4 and penetrates to the tunnel primary branch 2. The main purpose is to guide the water flow that penetrates the surrounding rock 1 into the tunnel primary branch 2 into the diversion channel 16 on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4. The water flows to the bottom of the tunnel through the diversion channel 16 and finally converges into the central drainage ditch 7.

[0040] It should be noted that the single-wall perforated drainage pipe 6 is made of HDPE material, inserted through the groove of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4, and penetrates into the initial branch 2 of the tunnel. The removable filler 15 inside the central drainage ditch 7 is made of sponge material, and quicklime powder is sprinkled on the filler 5. A small water turbine pump is also added inside the central drainage ditch 7 to facilitate the timely extraction of water in the central drainage ditch 7.

[0041] Specifically, when the tunnel seepage first enters the single-wall perforated drainage pipe 6, and then enters the central drainage ditch 7 with a removable sponge material filler 15 sprinkled with quicklime, the quicklime releases heat when it meets water, which can ensure that the tunnel seepage is in a liquid state and prevent the tunnel structure from freezing and cracking; the removable sponge material filler 15 can improve the drainage efficiency of the drainage system; the drainage system introduces the tunnel seepage into the central drainage ditch 7 by setting up a single-wall perforated drainage pipe 6, and removable sponge material fillers 15 sprinkled with quicklime and water turbine pumps are added at a certain interval inside the central drainage ditch 7. The distance can be determined on site according to actual conditions and no further restrictions are imposed here. The potential energy of the water flow is converted into kinetic energy, so that the water in the central drainage ditch 7 can be effectively and timely pumped out; because the quicklime is one-time when it meets water and no longer reacts with water after releasing heat, therefore, when the quicklime on the filler 15 reacts with water, the filler 15 can be withdrawn, and new fillers 15 sprinkled with quicklime can be added to the central drainage ditch 7 in time.

[0042] A tunnel entrance heating device is also provided at the entrance of the tunnel. The tunnel entrance heating device includes an electric heating ring 9 and a heat-insulating door 10. The heat-insulating door 10 is located below the electric heating ring 9 and is connected to the side wall of the tunnel entrance.

[0043] Specifically, in the construction of high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, in order to prevent excessive air flow from lowering the temperature in the tunnel, the present application adds a heat-insulating door 10 at the tunnel entrance to reduce the air flow rate in the tunnel. In the construction of high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, extremely low-temperature air entering the tunnel will further reduce the temperature in the tunnel. Therefore, the present application also adds an electric heating ring 9 under the heat-insulating door 10 to heat the airflow entering the tunnel to prevent freezing and cracking accidents inside the tunnel.

[0044] The specific construction method is: S1: Lay a layer of quick-drying water-absorbing material 3 on the inner side of the tunnel primary support 2; S2: Evenly lay single-wall perforated drainage pipes 6 in the antifreeze section of the tunnel; S3: A polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof sheet 4 is laid on the outside of the quick-drying water-absorbing member; S4: burying a methane diversion channel 11 in the construction joint of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4, and filling the construction joint with a rubber layer wrapped outside the methane diversion channel 11; S5: Use impermeable concrete and mix in expanded slag beads with thermal insulation effect to form the waterproof reinforcement structure of the second lining 5; S6: a central drainage ditch 7 is dug on the ground surface below the tunnel, and a filler 15 and a water turbine pump are added inside the dug central drainage ditch 7, so that the quicklime on the filler 15 reacts with water to release heat, thereby preventing the water in the central drainage ditch 7 from freezing, and the water in the central drainage ditch 7 is pumped out of the tunnel through the water turbine pump; S7: Install the electric heating ring 9 and the insulation door 10 at the tunnel entrance; S8: When it is necessary to carry out antifreeze, antifreeze heating and thermal insulation of high-altitude and cold tunnels, first absorb the seepage water in the tunnel through the quick-drying absorbent, then pass the methane gas into the methane diversion channel 11, ignite it with a spark plug, so that the methane gas reacts with the oxygen inside the methane diversion channel 11, and the heat generated during the reaction is introduced into the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4 through the air outlet to prevent the tunnel structure from freezing and cracking. While the quick-drying absorbent absorbs the seepage water, the leakage in the tunnel is introduced into the diversion channel 16 on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4 through the single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe 6. Finally, all the seepage and leakage in the tunnel are collected into the central drainage ditch 7 through the diversion channel 16 on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4, and discharged from the outside of the tunnel.

[0045] It should be noted that in S3, the thickness of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4 is 6 cm, and a layer of molybdenum disulfide with a thickness of 1 cm is coated on the inner side of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4 to prevent water seepage and leakage in the tunnel from freezing and solidifying on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board 4; In S5, when constructing the secondary lining waterproof reinforcement structure, it is necessary to use impermeable concrete with a water resistance grade not less than S8 and mix in expanded slag beads with thermal insulation effect to prevent water seepage.

[0046] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An antifreeze and antifreeze heating and insulation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels, characterized by: The invention comprises a water absorption device, a methane combustion heating device, a heat preservation and waterproof device, and a tunnel opening heating device, which are arranged inside a tunnel primary branch (2). The surface of the tunnel primary branch (2) is provided with a water absorption device and a heat preservation and waterproof device in sequence from the inside to the outside. The methane combustion heating device is buried inside the heat preservation and waterproof device, and the tunnel opening heating device is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel.

2. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water absorbing device comprises a plurality of quick-drying water absorbing parts (3) laid between the tunnel primary support (2) and the heat insulation device.

3. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 2 is characterized by: Each of the quick-drying water-absorbing components (3) comprises a polyurethane water-absorbing layer (21) and a sponge water-absorbing layer (22) which are connected to each other, and the sponge water-absorbing layer (22) and the polyurethane water-absorbing layer (21) are respectively connected to the tunnel primary support (2) and the thermal insulation and waterproof device.

4. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 3 is characterized by: The pore diameter ratio of the polyurethane water-absorbing layer (21) to the sponge water-absorbing layer (22) is 2:1, and the pore density ratio of the polyurethane water-absorbing layer (21) to the sponge water-absorbing layer (22) is 1:

2.

5. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The methane combustion heating device comprises a plurality of methane diversion channels (11) which are buried in the thermal insulation and waterproof device at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel; the plurality of methane diversion channels (11) are arranged parallel to each other, and the outside of each of the methane diversion channels (11) is wrapped with a rubber layer.

6. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 5 is characterized by: One end of each of the methane guide channels (11) is a guide tube air intake section (17), and the other end is a guide tube air outlet section (19). A spark plug (20) for igniting methane gas is sleeved inside the guide tube air intake section (17).

7. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The thermal insulation and waterproof device comprises a plurality of polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panels (4) coated with molybdenum disulfide and arranged at intervals and laid outside the quick-drying water-absorbing member, a diversion channel (16) opened on the upper surface of each polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panel (4), and a drainage structure located below the polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panel (4), and the methane combustion and heating device is buried between two polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof panels (4).

8. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 7 is characterized by: The drainage structure comprises a single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe (6) which penetrates through the tunnel primary branch (2), the quick-drying water-absorbing member and is arranged on the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board (4), and a central drainage ditch (7) which is opened on the ground below the tunnel and has a removable filler (15) inside, wherein the single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe (6) is located above the central drainage ditch (7).

9. The antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The tunnel entrance heating device comprises an electric heating ring (9) and a heat-insulating door (10), wherein the heat-insulating door (10) is located below the electric heating ring (9), and the heat-insulating door (10) is connected to the side wall of the tunnel entrance.

10. A construction method of an antifreeze and antifreeze heating and heat preservation system suitable for high-cold and high-altitude tunnels according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Laying a layer of quick-drying water-absorbing material (3) on the inner side of the tunnel primary support (2); S2: Evenly lay single-wall perforated drainage pipes (6) in the antifreeze section of the tunnel; S3: Laying a polyurethane thermal insulation and waterproof sheet (4) on the outside of the quick-drying water-absorbing member; S4: burying a methane diversion channel (11) in the construction joint of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board (4), and filling the construction joint with a rubber layer wrapped outside the methane diversion channel (11); S5: Use impermeable concrete and mix in expanded slag beads with thermal insulation effect to build the secondary lining waterproof reinforcement structure; S6: digging a central drainage ditch (7) on the ground surface below the tunnel, and adding a filler (15) and a water turbine pump inside the dug central drainage ditch (7), so that the quicklime on the filler (15) reacts with water to release heat, thereby preventing the water in the central drainage ditch (7) from freezing, and pumping the water in the central drainage ditch (7) out of the tunnel through the water turbine pump; S7: Installing an electric heating ring (9) and a heat-insulating door (10) at the tunnel entrance; S8: When it is necessary to carry out antifreeze and heating insulation for a high-altitude tunnel, the seepage water in the tunnel is first absorbed by the quick-drying absorbent, and then methane gas is introduced into the methane diversion channel (11) and ignited by a spark plug, so that the methane gas reacts with the oxygen inside the methane diversion channel (11). The heat generated during the reaction is introduced into the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board (4) through the air outlet to prevent the tunnel structure from freezing and cracking. While the quick-drying absorbent absorbs the seepage water, the leakage water in the tunnel is introduced into the diversion channel (16) on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board (4) through the single-wall perforated drainage concealed pipe (6). Finally, all the seepage water and leakage water in the tunnel are collected into the central drainage ditch (7) through the diversion channel (16) on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation waterproof board (4) and discharged to the outside of the tunnel.

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