Engineering opening method

Abstract

The invention provides an engineering opening method which comprises the following steps: S1, determining parameters of a blast hole: determining the depth of the blast hole to be 1.5-2.5 m, the included angle between the blast hole and the horizontal plane to be 90 degrees, and the distance between the blast hole and the horizontal plane to be 0.3-0.5 m according to design requirements of roadway opening; s2, blast holes are formed, specifically, the blast holes are formed in the opening position of the roadway and comprise underholing holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and roof holes, and the underholing holes are formed in the center position of the section of the roadway. According to the engineering opening method provided by the invention, the blast hole detonator tube section is reasonably adjusted, particularly, the top plate hole is set as the last tube section, and meanwhile, the detonating sequence of the tube sections is elaborately set, so that an enough lower compensation space is created for the top plate hole which is finally detonated; the damage of blasting to the roof is effectively reduced, the quality of the roadway opening is remarkably improved, the stability of the roof is enhanced, and the risk in the roof management aspect is successfully reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to an engineering opening method. Background Art

[0002] During the production process of underground mines, shaft and tunnel engineering openings are frequent.

[0003] At present, the openings of mine shafts and tunnels are usually opened by rock drilling rigs, and the blasting is carried out in a row-by-row manner by drilling oblique holes. This blasting method has its specific principles and operating procedures. Drilling oblique holes refers to drilling holes at a certain angle in the designed shaft and tunnel opening area. The purpose of this is that when the explosives are detonated in the oblique holes, the impact force generated by the explosion can more effectively break the rock and cause the rock to collapse in a predetermined direction, creating favorable conditions for subsequent shaft and tunnel development. Row-by-row blasting is carried out in a certain order, starting with the outermost row of blast holes and detonating row by row inward. This orderly detonation method helps to control the rock crushing range and collapse direction, avoid blasting chaos, and thus ensure construction safety and project quality. However, after blasting in this way, the roof is severely damaged by the blasting, resulting in an increase in the risk of the roof, which is extremely unfavorable for tunnel quality control and roof risk control.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an engineering opening method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides an engineering opening method, which solves the problem that the roof is severely damaged by blasting, resulting in increased roof risk, which is extremely unfavorable to tunnel quality control and roof risk control.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an engineering opening method, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the parameters of the blastholes: According to the design requirements of the tunnel opening, determine the depth of the blastholes to be 1.5-2.5 meters, the angle to be 90 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the spacing to be 0.3-0.5 meters; S2. Arrange blast holes: Arrange blast holes at the opening of the tunnel, including slot holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and roof holes. The slot holes are arranged at the center of the tunnel section for slot blasting to create a free surface for subsequent blasting. The auxiliary holes are arranged around the slot holes to expand the slot effect. The peripheral holes are arranged on the tunnel contour line to control the tunnel contour. The roof holes are arranged on the tunnel roof to blast the roof rock. S3, set the detonator pipe section: according to the blasting sequence requirements, set the detonator pipe section for each blast hole, set the top plate hole as the last pipe section to ensure that the top plate hole is detonated last; S4. Charge: according to the design requirements, load an appropriate amount of explosives into each blast hole; S5. Connection: Connect the detonators of each blast hole to the detonation network to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable; S6. Detonation: According to the set detonation sequence, the detonator is used to detonate the detonator, and each blast hole is detonated in turn. The groove hole is detonated first to create a free surface for subsequent blasting, and then the auxiliary hole is detonated to expand the groove effect, and then the peripheral hole is detonated to control the tunnel contour; finally, the roof hole is detonated to use the compensation space formed by the blasting of the lower blast hole to reduce the damage to the roof caused by blasting; S7. Effect inspection and adjustment: Inspect the tunnel opening created by blasting.

[0007] Preferably, the depth of the groove eyes is 1.5-2.5 meters, the angle is 90 degrees to the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.3-0.6 meters; the depth of the auxiliary eyes is 1.4-2.3 meters, the angle is 90 degrees to the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.4-0.6 meters; the depth of the peripheral eyes is 1.3-2.0 meters, the angle is 3-5 degrees to the tangent direction of the tunnel contour line, and the spacing is 0.3-0.6 meters; the depth of the top plate eyes is 1.2-1.8 meters, the angle is 90 degrees to the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.4-0.6 meters.

[0008] Preferably, the groove holes use instantaneous detonators; the auxiliary holes use low-stage delay detonators; the peripheral holes use detonators with appropriate delays; and the top plate holes use high-stage delay detonators.

[0009] Preferably, the detonator used in the step S6 comprises a body, side frames are fixedly installed on both sides of the body, sliding cavities are provided inside the front and back sides of the side frames, a threaded column is threadedly connected to the top of the inner side surface of the sliding cavity, an extension spring is provided at the bottom of the threaded column, a support rod is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the sliding cavity, the support rod is arranged at the bottom of the extension spring, a sliding groove is provided on one side of the support rod, a tooth plate is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the sliding groove, a fixed frame is fixedly installed on the side surface of the side frame, a limiting block is fixedly installed on the top and bottom of one end of the inner side surface of the fixed frame, a sliding rod is fixedly installed on the side surface of the limiting block, a reset spring is sleeved on the outer side surface of the sliding rod, and a moving plate is also slidably connected to the outer side surface of the sliding rod, an extension plate is fixedly installed on one side of the moving plate, a limiting plate is fixedly installed on one end of the extension plate, a plurality of tooth blocks are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting plate, the limiting plate is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the sliding groove, and the plurality of tooth blocks are meshed with the tooth plate.

[0010] Preferably, a handle is fixedly mounted on the front of the body, and a cover plate is rotatably connected to the top of the body.

[0011] Preferably, a rotating column is fixedly mounted on the top of the threaded column.

[0012] Preferably, a supporting foot is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the supporting rod.

[0013] Preferably, a pulling plate is fixedly mounted on the other side of the movable plate, and the return spring is arranged on the other side of the movable plate.

[0014] Preferably, the engineering opening method further comprises a shoulder strap, and two ends of the shoulder strap are respectively arranged on the side surfaces of the two side frames.

[0015] Preferably, both ends of the shoulder strap are rotatably connected with positioning rods, and the two positioning rods are respectively fixedly mounted on the sides of the two side frames.

[0016] Compared with the related art, the engineering opening method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an engineering opening method, by reasonably adjusting the blasthole detonator pipe section, especially setting the roof eye as the last pipe section, and carefully setting the sequence of pipe section detonation, thereby creating sufficient lower compensation space for the last detonated roof eye, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the roof caused by blasting, significantly improving the quality of the tunnel opening, enhancing the stability of the roof, and successfully reducing the risk of roof management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A plan view of blasthole arrangement for an engineering opening method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of blasthole arrangement of an engineering opening method provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an initiator for an engineering opening method provided by the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the side frame cross-section structure shown; Figure 5 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown; Figure 6 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B is shown; Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of an initiator for an engineering opening method provided by the present invention.

[0018] Numbers in the figure: 1, machine body, 11, handle, 12, cover plate, 2, side frame, 21, sliding cavity, 22, threaded column, 23, rotating column, 24, extension spring, 3, support rod, 31, slide groove, 32, tooth plate, 33, support foot, 4, fixed frame, 41, limit block, 42, slide rod, 43, reset spring, 44, moving plate, 45, pulling plate, 46, extension plate, 47, limit plate, 48, tooth block, 5, shoulder strap, 51, positioning rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0020] First embodiment Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,in, Figure 1 A plan view of blasthole arrangement for an engineering opening method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of blasthole arrangement of an engineering opening method provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an initiator for an engineering opening method provided by the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the side frame cross-section structure shown; Figure 5 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown; Figure 6 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B is shown. A method for opening an engineering opening comprises the following steps: S1. Determine the parameters of the blastholes: According to the design requirements of the tunnel opening, determine the depth of the blastholes to be 1.5-2.5 meters, the angle to be 90 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the spacing to be 0.3-0.5 meters; S2. Arrange blast holes: Arrange blast holes at the opening of the tunnel, including slot holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and roof holes. The slot holes are arranged at the center of the tunnel section for slot blasting to create a free surface for subsequent blasting. The auxiliary holes are arranged around the slot holes to expand the slot effect. The peripheral holes are arranged on the tunnel contour line to control the tunnel contour. The roof holes are arranged on the tunnel roof to blast the roof rock. S3, set the detonator pipe section: according to the blasting sequence requirements, set the detonator pipe section for each blast hole, set the top plate hole as the last pipe section to ensure that the top plate hole is detonated last; S4. Charge: according to the design requirements, load an appropriate amount of explosives into each blast hole; S5. Connection: Connect the detonators of each blast hole to the detonation network to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable; S6. Detonation: According to the set detonation sequence, the detonator is used to detonate the detonator, and each blast hole is detonated in turn. The groove hole is detonated first to create a free surface for subsequent blasting, and then the auxiliary hole is detonated to expand the groove effect, and then the peripheral hole is detonated to control the tunnel contour; finally, the roof hole is detonated to use the compensation space formed by the blasting of the lower blast hole to reduce the damage to the roof caused by blasting; S7. Effect inspection and adjustment: Inspect the tunnel opening created by blasting.

[0021] The depth of the groove eyes is 1.5-2.5 meters, the angle is 90 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.3-0.6 meters; the depth of the auxiliary eyes is 1.4-2.3 meters, the angle is 90 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.4-0.6 meters; the depth of the peripheral eyes is 1.3-2.0 meters, the angle is 3-5 degrees with the tangent direction of the tunnel contour line, and the spacing is 0.3-0.6 meters; the depth of the top plate eyes is 1.2-1.8 meters, the angle is 90 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.4-0.6 meters.

[0022] The groove holes use instantaneous detonators; the auxiliary holes use low-stage delay detonators; the peripheral holes use detonators with appropriate delays; and the top plate holes use high-stage delay detonators.

[0023] The detonator used in step S6 includes a body 1, side frames 2 are fixedly installed on both sides of the body 1, sliding cavities 21 are opened inside the front and back sides of the side frames 2, a threaded column 22 is threadedly connected to the top of the inner side of the sliding cavity 21, an extension spring 24 is arranged at the bottom of the threaded column 22, a support rod 3 is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding cavity 21, the support rod 3 is arranged at the bottom of the extension spring 24, a sliding groove 31 is opened on one side of the support rod 31, a tooth plate 32 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the sliding groove 31, and a fixed frame 31 is fixedly installed on the side of the side frame 2 4, a limit block 41 is fixedly installed on the top and bottom of one end of the inner side surface of the fixed frame 4, a slide bar 42 is fixedly installed on the side surface of the limit block 41, a return spring 43 is sleeved on the outer side surface of the slide bar 42, and a moving plate 44 is also slidably connected to the outer side surface of the slide bar 42, an extension plate 46 is fixedly installed on one side of the moving plate 44, a limit plate 47 is fixedly installed on one end of the extension plate 46, a plurality of tooth blocks 48 are fixedly installed on one side of the limit plate 47, the limit plate 47 is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the slide groove 31, and the plurality of tooth blocks 48 are meshed with the tooth plate 32.

[0024] A handle 11 is fixedly mounted on the front of the body 1 , and a cover plate 12 is rotatably connected to the top of the body 1 .

[0025] A rotating column 23 is fixedly mounted on the top of the threaded column 22 .

[0026] A supporting foot 33 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the supporting rod 3 .

[0027] A pulling plate 45 is fixedly mounted on the other side of the moving plate 44 , and the return spring 43 is disposed on the other side of the moving plate 44 .

[0028] When the detonator is needed, the user places the body 1 on the ground so that the four support feet 33 are in contact with the ground, and then pulls the two pulling plates 45, so that the pulling plates 45 drive the extension plates 46, the limit plates 47 and the tooth blocks 48 away from the tooth plates 32. At this time, the extension springs 24 push the support rods 3, so that the support rods 3 move out from the inner side of the sliding cavity 21. Then the user adjusts the body 1 to a horizontal state, and then releases the pulling plates 45. At this time, the reset springs 43 push the moving plates 44, so that the tooth blocks 48 and the tooth plates 32 are engaged, which plays a role in limiting the support rods 3. At this time, the body 1 can be placed horizontally on the ground, which is convenient for the user to operate the body 1 later, and the user can use it conveniently and quickly.

[0029] The elasticity of the return spring 43 can always push the tooth block 48 toward one side of the tooth plate 32 when in use, so that the tooth block 48 and the tooth plate 32 are meshed; After long-term use, when the elasticity of the extension spring 24 decreases, the user can rotate the rotating column 23, so that the rotating column 23 drives the threaded column 22 to be threadedly connected on the inner side of the sliding cavity 21, thereby removing the threaded column 22 from the inner side of the sliding cavity 21, and then the extension spring 24 can be removed.

[0030] Compared with the related art, the engineering opening method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By making reasonable adjustments to the blasthole detonator sections, especially setting the roof eye as the last section, and carefully setting the order of section detonation, sufficient lower compensation space is created for the last detonated roof eye. In this way, the damage to the roof caused by blasting is effectively reduced, the quality of the tunnel opening is significantly improved, the stability of the roof is enhanced, and the risks in roof management are successfully reduced.

[0031] Second embodiment Please refer to Figure 7 Based on the engineering opening method provided by the first embodiment of the present application, the second embodiment of the present application proposes another engineering opening method. The second embodiment is only a preferred method of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the second embodiment will not affect the independent implementation of the first embodiment.

[0032] Specifically, the difference of the engineering opening method provided in the second embodiment of the present application is that the engineering opening method further includes a shoulder strap 5, and the two ends of the shoulder strap 5 are respectively arranged on the side surfaces of the two side frames 2.

[0033] Positioning rods 51 are rotatably connected inside both ends of the shoulder strap 5 , and the two positioning rods 51 are fixedly installed on the sides of the two side frames 2 respectively.

[0034] The working principle of an engineering opening method provided by the present invention is as follows: When in use, the user can carry the shoulder strap 5 on the shoulders, which makes it convenient for the user to carry the body 1.

[0035] Compared with the related art, the engineering opening method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By the cooperation between the shoulder strap 5 and the positioning rod 51 , the user can carry the shoulder strap 5 on the shoulders during use, thereby making it convenient for the user to carry the machine body 1 .

[0036] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for opening an engineering work, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the parameters of the blastholes: According to the design requirements of the tunnel opening, determine the depth of the blastholes to be 1.5-2.5 meters, the angle to be 90 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the spacing to be 0.3-0.5 meters; S2. Arrange blast holes: Arrange blast holes at the opening of the tunnel, including slot holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and roof holes. The slot holes are arranged at the center of the tunnel section for slot blasting to create a free surface for subsequent blasting. The auxiliary holes are arranged around the slot holes to expand the slot effect. The peripheral holes are arranged on the tunnel contour line to control the tunnel contour. The roof holes are arranged on the tunnel roof to blast the roof rock. S3, set the detonator pipe section: according to the blasting sequence requirements, set the detonator pipe section for each blast hole, set the top plate hole as the last pipe section to ensure that the top plate hole is detonated last; S4. Charge: according to the design requirements, load an appropriate amount of explosives into each blast hole; S5. Connection: Connect the detonators of each blast hole to the detonation network to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable; S6. Detonation: According to the set detonation sequence, the detonator is used to detonate the detonator, and each blast hole is detonated in turn. The groove hole is detonated first to create a free surface for subsequent blasting, and then the auxiliary hole is detonated to expand the groove effect, and then the peripheral hole is detonated to control the tunnel contour; finally, the roof hole is detonated to use the compensation space formed by the blasting of the lower blast hole to reduce the damage to the roof caused by blasting; S7. Effect inspection and adjustment: Inspect the tunnel opening created by blasting.

2. A method for opening an engineering work according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the groove eyes is 1.5-2.5 meters, the angle is 90 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.3-0.6 meters; the depth of the auxiliary eyes is 1.4-2.3 meters, the angle is 90 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.4-0.6 meters; the depth of the peripheral eyes is 1.3-2.0 meters, the angle is 3-5 degrees with the tangent direction of the tunnel contour line, and the spacing is 0.3-0.6 meters; the depth of the top plate eyes is 1.2-1.8 meters, the angle is 90 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the spacing is 0.4-0.6 meters.

3. A method for opening an engineering project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove holes use instantaneous detonators; the auxiliary holes use low-stage delay detonators; the peripheral holes use detonators with appropriate delays; and the top plate holes use high-stage delay detonators.

4. The engineering opening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonator used in the step S6 includes a body, side frames are fixedly installed on both sides of the body, sliding cavities are opened inside the front and back sides of the side frames, the top of the inner side surface of the sliding cavity is threadedly connected with a threaded column, the bottom of the threaded column is provided with an extension spring, the inner side surface of the sliding cavity is slidably connected with a support rod, the support rod is arranged at the bottom of the extension spring, a sliding groove is opened on one side of the support rod, a tooth plate is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the sliding groove, a fixed frame is fixedly installed on the side surface of the side frame, a limiting block is fixedly installed on the top and bottom of one end of the inner side surface of the fixed frame, a sliding rod is fixedly installed on the side of the limiting block, a return spring is sleeved on the outer side surface of the sliding rod, and a moving plate is also slidably connected to the outer side surface of the sliding rod, an extension plate is fixedly installed on one side of the moving plate, a limiting plate is fixedly installed on one end of the extension plate, a plurality of tooth blocks are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting plate, the limiting plate is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the sliding groove, and the plurality of tooth blocks are meshed with the tooth plate.

5. A method for opening an engineering project according to claim 4, characterized in that: A handle is fixedly mounted on the front of the machine body, and a cover plate is rotatably connected to the top of the machine body.

6. A method for opening an engineering project according to claim 4, characterized in that: A rotating column is fixedly installed on the top of the threaded column.

7. The engineering opening method according to claim 4, characterized in that: A supporting foot is fixedly installed at the bottom of the supporting rod.

8. The engineering opening method according to claim 4, characterized in that: A pulling plate is fixedly mounted on the other side of the moving plate, and the return spring is arranged on the other side of the moving plate.

9. The engineering opening method according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a shoulder strap, and two ends of the shoulder strap are respectively arranged on the side surfaces of the two side frames.

10. A method for opening an engineering work according to claim 9, characterized in that: The insides of both ends of the shoulder strap are rotatably connected with positioning rods, and the two positioning rods are respectively fixedly installed on the sides of the two side frames.

Images