Device and method for monitoring slope stability by using Beidou positioning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for monitoring slope stability by using a Beidou positioning device, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the high-resolution ground image collection of a slope through an unmanned plane, and carrying out the preprocessing of the collected data, and generating DSM data; arranging side slope monitoring points, acquiring side slope point location data by using a Beidou high-precision positioning device, and then processing the side slope point location data to form three-dimensional coordinates; according to the method, the three-dimensional coordinates and slope DSM data are utilized to determine the fluctuation condition of the slope terrain, then the size and shape of a grid are set, a slope surface is divided into a plurality of regular grid units, and the slope stability is analyzed in combination with the volume of each grid unit and the physical characteristics of a soil body. According to the method, the sliding force and the stability coefficient of the slope can be accurately evaluated by calculating the volume and the weight of each grid unit and combining the mechanical parameters of the soil body. The quantitative analysis provides a scientific basis for engineering decision making, so that slope stability evaluation is more objective and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, relates to a device for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device, and also relates to a method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device. Background Art

[0002] Slope stability monitoring is of great significance for preventing geological disasters. Traditional monitoring methods usually rely on ground measurement equipment, which has inherent limitations in accuracy. In addition, the performance and reliability of these devices may be affected in bad weather or complex terrain.

[0003] Existing slope stability monitoring methods mostly use ground measurement equipment, which usually requires manual operation and data collection. The methods are complex and labor-intensive. Traditional monitoring methods are costly in installation and maintenance and require professional personnel to operate and manage, which not only increases the economic cost, but also limits the popularization and application of monitoring methods. These methods often rely on single-point displacement monitoring or limited multi-point displacement monitoring data, and it is difficult to obtain comprehensive and accurate three-dimensional data of the slope. Due to the limitations of data acquisition and transmission speed, the real-time performance is poor, and it is difficult to ensure the continuity and consistency of the data. In remote areas, due to the lack of stable communication infrastructure, data transmission may be limited, resulting in information delays or loss. It is also difficult to provide timely early warning information before geological disasters occur.

[0004] At present, there are two main methods for monitoring slope stability: one is the monitoring of surface displacement, which relies on theodolite total station, GPS, etc. to monitor the surface displacement of the slope; the other is the monitoring of deep displacement, which uses deep hole inclinometers to monitor the horizontal displacement of underground rock layers. However, it is time-consuming and laborious to regularly obtain terrain data and surface data using the above two types of monitoring methods, and the data obtained are relatively inaccurate. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device, which solves the problems that traditional slope stability monitoring methods rely on manual measurement and ground equipment, have low monitoring frequency, insufficient data accuracy, and cannot respond in real time.

[0006] The present invention also aims to provide a method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device.

[0007] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is a device for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device, comprising a data enhancement and transmission module, a data transmission relay terminal, a main control terminal, a Web terminal, a real-time warning module, and an information push module; Data enhancement and transmission module: responsible for collecting and enhancing the XYZ three-dimensional data provided by the Beidou monitor; Data transmission relay terminal: as the intermediary of data transmission, it ensures the smooth transmission of data from the monitoring point to the main control terminal; Main control terminal: processes and analyzes all collected 3D data measured by Beidou monitors; Web terminal: provides a user interface and combines Beidou 3D data with drone data to monitor slope status in real time and receive warning information; Real-time warning module: when the slope stability is detected to be lower than the safety threshold, a real-time warning is issued; Information push module: pushes warning information to relevant personnel or systems.

[0008] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device, and the specific operation steps are as follows: Step 1: Use UAV to collect high-resolution ground images of the slope, and pre-process the collected data to generate DSM data; Step 2: Arrange slope monitoring points, use Beidou high-precision positioning device to collect slope point data, and then filter, time align and format the data; after solving, three-dimensional coordinates are formed; Step 3: Use the three-dimensional coordinates collected by the Beidou high-precision positioning device and the DSM data of the slope to determine the ups and downs of the slope terrain. Then, use this information to set the size and shape of the grid, divide the slope surface into multiple regular grid units, and analyze the slope stability by combining the volume of each grid unit and the physical properties of the soil. Step 4: Use the analysis results obtained in step 3 to conduct stability assessment and issue early warnings.

[0009] The present invention is also characterized in that: Step 1 is as follows: Step 1.1: Regularly dispatch drones to take high-resolution ground images of the slopes and synchronize the captured image data to the ground control station; Step 1.2: Perform a preliminary check on the image data of step 1.1, remove images that do not meet the quality standards, perform image denoising, and adjust white balance to ensure image quality; Step 1.3: Use image matching algorithm to align overlapping images and generate high-precision 3D point cloud data; Step 1.4: Filter the generated point cloud data to remove abnormal points and noise, and classify the point cloud data according to the terrain characteristics; Step 1.5: Generate DSM data using the classified point cloud data; Step 1.6: Use national benchmarks to calibrate DSM data to ensure model accuracy; Step 1.7: Smooth the DSM data, remove noise, and crop and merge them according to the boundaries of the study area.

[0010] Step 2 is as follows: Step 2.1: Calibrate the Beidou high-precision positioning device to ensure that the positioning accuracy meets the requirements; Step 2.2: Install Beidou high-precision positioning equipment at key points of the slope to ensure that the equipment is fixed and stable. The key points of the slope include the slope vertex, two slope toes and other key observation points; Step 2.3: Set the data collection frequency, start the Beidou high-precision positioning device, start automatically collecting the three-dimensional coordinate data of the slope points, and synchronize the three-dimensional coordinate data to the data processing center; Step 2.4: Process the three-dimensional coordinate data: use a digital filter to remove random noise in the three-dimensional coordinate data, unify the time reference and data format, and save the formatted data.

[0011] Step 3 is as follows: Step 3.1: Divide the slope collected in step 2 into multiple regular grid cells. Each grid cell has the same surface area. Calculate the area of ​​each grid cell. ; Based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the slope obtained by the Beidou positioning device, the slope surface is divided into several regular grid units; the area of ​​each grid unit The elevation difference can be calculated from these three-dimensional coordinate data.

[0012] Step 3.2: Select a reference height, which is the vertical distance between the center point of the landslide body and its projection point on the slope surface in each grid cell. , The derivation formula is:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] (1) in, N is a point on the landslide body within the grid cell, yes N The projection of the point on the slope, O is N The projection of a point on the horizontal plane; , , Respectively represent A point, B Dot and N The elevation coordinates of the point; , , Respectively represent A point, B Dot and N The horizontal coordinate of the point; Point A and point B, point B and The vertical height between points; Point A and point B, point B and The horizontal distance between points; yes The elevation difference between .

[0018] Step 3.3: Calculate the volume of each grid cell and the sum of the volumes of all grid cells to obtain the estimated total volume of the slope; Step 3.4: Simplify the complex geometry of the slope into multiple grid cells of the same size and height to facilitate stability analysis; The vertical distance between the point on the standard slope and the standard slope Calculate the volume of the landslide ; And the mechanical analysis of the landslide body is carried out. The stress condition of the landslide body determines the stability of the slope.

[0019] Landslide volume The calculation method is as follows: (2) in, is the side length of a single grid cell; , , Represent the elevation coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; , , Represent the horizontal coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively.

[0020] Step 3.5: Combine the volumes of each grid cell and the physical properties of the soil (effective cohesion c , effective internal friction angle , landslide mass density etc.) to estimate the weight of the entire slope and slope force

[0021] Step 3.6: Calculate the slope stability safety factor, which takes into account the shear strength of the soil, the geometric characteristics of the grid cells, and the weight of the soil.

[0022] Step 3.6 Define the safety factor FS is the ratio of the slope's anti-sliding force to the slope's sliding force, (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) in, , , Represent the elevation coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; , , Represent the horizontal coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; is the side length of the grid cell; c represents effective cohesion; represents the effective internal friction angle; represents the density of the landslide mass; represents the acceleration due to gravity; is the volume of the landslide, is the weight of the landslide; is the slope's resistance to sliding; is the downward force on the slope.

[0023] Step 4: Evaluate the slope stability according to the size of the safety factor and the corresponding level. The slope warning level is divided into: Safety Factor FS >1.35: Slope stability is good, there is no immediate risk of landslide, and monitoring and maintenance work is carried out according to regular cycles; Safety factor 1.35 ≥ FS >1.20: Low risk warning, the slope is in a relatively safe state, but the monitoring frequency should be increased; Safety factor 1.20 ≥ FS >1.10: Medium risk warning, the slope stability is threatened to a certain extent, and close monitoring and assessment are required to determine whether reinforcement or other preventive measures are needed; Safety factor 1.10 ≥ FS >1.00: High risk warning, the slope is close to the critical state, the landslide risk is high, monitoring should be strengthened immediately and emergency measures should be prepared; Safety Factor FS≤1.00: Extremely high risk warning. The slope is in an unstable state and there is an immediate risk of landslide. It is necessary to immediately evacuate personnel, restrict traffic, and carry out emergency reinforcement.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. High-precision monitoring capability: The present invention uses the high-precision positioning technology of the Beidou positioning device to achieve centimeter-level precision monitoring of slope displacement. This high-precision data acquisition capability not only significantly improves the accuracy of slope stability analysis, but also can quantitatively monitor tiny displacement changes, providing more accurate and reliable quantitative data support for engineering safety.

[0025] 2. Real-time data processing and analysis: The present invention processes high-resolution images and three-dimensional point cloud data acquired by drones to quickly generate digital surface DSM data. This process achieves accurate quantitative expression of slope morphology and provides real-time quantitative analysis of slope stability, thereby enabling rapid assessment of slope deformation trends and potential risks.

[0026] 3. Automated and integrated early warning system: After the analysis module quantitatively evaluates the slope stability, the real-time early warning module of the present invention can automatically trigger the early warning mechanism and issue early warning information in a timely manner. This automated process not only reduces human intervention, but also improves the timeliness, accuracy and reliability of early warning through quantitative analysis results.

[0027] 4. Quantitative analysis of slope stability: A key technical advantage of the present invention is that it can quantitatively analyze slope stability. By quantitatively calculating the volume and weight of each grid unit and combining soil mechanical parameters, the present invention can accurately evaluate the sliding force and stability coefficient of the slope. This quantitative analysis provides a scientific basis for engineering decision-making, making the slope stability assessment more objective and accurate.

[0028] 5. Strong adaptability and wide application range: The modular design of the present invention allows customized monitoring point layout and data processing according to different slope terrain and geological conditions, so that the quantitative analysis results are more in line with the actual geological environment. Whether in mountainous areas, cities or mining areas, the present invention can provide targeted quantitative analysis and effective slope stability monitoring services. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The data processing flow chart of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 Flowchart of the method for monitoring slope stability using Beidou positioning device.

[0031] FIG3( a ) is a distribution diagram of monitoring points according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] FIG3( b ) is a schematic diagram of a landslide body divided into a plurality of column structures according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] FIG3( c ) is a schematic diagram showing the basis for calculating the landslide volume according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example 1 The device for monitoring slope stability using Beidou positioning device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1-2 As shown, the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be implemented in a computer system through a series of computer executable instructions. Although the flowchart presents a sequence, in actual operation, these steps can be executed in different sequences according to the specific circumstances to meet different needs or optimize the execution process. The present invention proposes a three-dimensional stability monitoring and early warning device and method for steep slopes based on Beidou high-precision positioning. The method uses Beidou high-precision positioning technology to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate data of the slope in real time, and transmits the data to the central data processing module through a wireless communication module. The received coordinate data is pre-processed by filtering, denoising, etc. in the data processing module. Based on these data, the slope sliding force and safety factor are calculated, and early warning information is generated according to a preset early warning threshold.

[0035] The present invention proposes a three-dimensional stability monitoring and early warning device for steep slopes based on Beidou high-precision positioning, including: data enhancement and transmission, data transmission relay terminal, main control terminal, Web terminal, real-time early warning, and information push.

[0036] Data enhancement and transmission: responsible for collecting and enhancing the XYZ three-dimensional data provided by the Beidou monitor.

[0037] Data transmission relay terminal: As an intermediary for data transmission, it ensures that data is smoothly transmitted from the monitoring point to the main control terminal.

[0038] Main control terminal: processes and analyzes all collected Beidou monitoring data.

[0039] Web side: Provides a user interface and combines Beidou data with drone data to monitor slope status in real time and receive warning information.

[0040] Real-time warning: When the slope stability is detected to be lower than the safety threshold, a real-time warning will be issued.

[0041] Information push: Push warning information to relevant personnel or systems to take corresponding measures.

[0042] Example 2 The present invention uses a Beidou positioning device to monitor slope stability. Figure 1-2The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Use UAV to collect high-resolution ground images of the slope, and pre-process the collected data to generate DSM data; Step 1.1: Regularly dispatch drones to take high-resolution ground images of the slopes and synchronize the captured image data to the ground control station; Step 1.2: Perform a preliminary check on the image data of step 1.1, remove images that do not meet the quality standards, perform image denoising, and adjust white balance to ensure image quality; Step 1.3: Use image matching algorithm to align overlapping images and generate high-precision 3D point cloud data; Step 1.4: Filter the generated point cloud data to remove abnormal points and noise, and classify the point cloud data according to the terrain characteristics; Step 1.5: Generate DSM data using the classified point cloud data and correct the DSM data; Step 1.6: Smooth the DSM data, remove noise, and crop and merge them according to the boundaries of the study area.

[0043] Step 2: As shown in Figure 3 (a), arrange slope monitoring points A, B, and C, use the Beidou high-precision positioning device to collect slope point data, and then filter, time-align, and format the slope point data; after solving, three-dimensional coordinates are formed; Step 2.1: Calibrate the Beidou high-precision positioning device to ensure that the positioning accuracy meets the requirements; Step 2.2: Install Beidou high-precision positioning equipment at key points on the slope to ensure that the equipment is fixed and stable. The key points on the slope include the slope vertex, two slope toes and other key observation points; Step 2.3: Set the data collection frequency, start the Beidou high-precision positioning device, start automatically collecting the three-dimensional coordinate data of the slope points, and synchronize the three-dimensional coordinate data to the data processing center; Step 2.4: Process the three-dimensional coordinate data: use a digital filter to remove random noise in the three-dimensional coordinate data, unify the time reference and data format, and save the formatted data.

[0044] Step 3: Using the three-dimensional coordinates in step 2 and the slope DSM data collected in step 1, determine the ups and downs of the slope terrain, then set the size and shape of the grid, divide the slope surface into a plurality of regular grid cells, and analyze the slope stability in combination with the volume of each grid cell and the physical properties of the soil; Step 3.1: Divide the slope collected in step 2 into multiple regular grid cells. Each grid cell has the same surface area. Calculate the area of ​​each grid cell. ; Step 3.2: Select a reference height, which is the vertical distance between the center point of the landslide body and its projection point on the slope surface in each grid cell. ; The derivation formula is:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] (1) in, N is a point on the landslide body within the grid cell, yes N The projection of the point on the slope, O is N The projection of a point on the horizontal plane; , , Respectively represent A point, B Dot and N The elevation coordinates of the point; , , Respectively represent A point, B Dot and N The horizontal coordinate of the point; Point A and point B, point B and The vertical height between points; Point A and point B, point B and The horizontal distance between points; yes The elevation difference between .

[0050] Step 3.3: Calculate the volume of each grid cell and the sum of the volumes of all grid cells to obtain the estimated total volume of the slope; Step 3.4: Simplify the complex geometry of the slope into multiple grid cells of the same size and height, and calculate the area of ​​each grid cell. The vertical distance between the point on the standard slope and the standard slope Calculate the volume of the landslide Facilitates stability analysis; Landslide volume The calculation method is as follows: (2) in, is the side length of a single grid cell; , , Represent the elevation coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; , , Represent the horizontal coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; Step 3.5: Estimate the weight of the entire slope by combining the volume of each grid cell with the physical properties of the soil and slope force

[0051] Step 3.6: Calculate the slope stability safety factor, which takes into account the shear strength of the soil, the geometric characteristics of the grid cells, and the weight of the soil; Defining Safety Factors FS is the ratio of the slope's anti-sliding force to the slope's sliding force, (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) in, , , Represent the elevation coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; , , Represent the horizontal coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; is the side length of a single grid cell; c represents effective cohesion; represents the effective internal friction angle; represents the density of the landslide mass; represents the acceleration due to gravity; is the volume of the landslide, is the weight of the landslide; is the slope's resistance to sliding; is the downward force on the slope.

[0052] Step 4: Use the analysis results obtained in step 3 to conduct stability assessment and issue early warnings.

[0053] The slope stability is evaluated based on the size of the safety factor and the corresponding level classification. The slope warning level is divided into: Safety Factor FS>1.35: Slope stability is good, there is no immediate risk of landslide, and monitoring and maintenance work is carried out according to regular cycles; Safety factor 1.35 ≥ FS >1.20: Low risk warning, the slope is in a relatively safe state, but the monitoring frequency should be increased; Safety factor 1.20 ≥ FS >1.10: Medium risk warning, the slope stability is threatened to a certain extent, and close monitoring and assessment are required to determine whether reinforcement or other preventive measures are needed; Safety factor 1.10 ≥ FS >1.00: High risk warning, the slope is close to the critical state, the landslide risk is high, monitoring should be strengthened immediately and emergency measures should be prepared; Safety Factor FS ≤ 1.00: Extremely high risk warning. The slope is in an unstable state and there is an immediate risk of landslide. It is necessary to immediately evacuate personnel, restrict traffic, and carry out emergency reinforcement.

[0054] Example 3 Based on the stability monitoring device in Example 1 and the method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device in Example 2, in this example, a highway slope in a southern red soil area is selected, which is often affected by typhoons and rainstorms. The following are specific implementation steps: When monitoring the slope, the specific monitoring data is the XYZ three-dimensional data obtained by the Beidou high-precision positioning device and the DSM data (elevation data) obtained by the drone to calculate the height position of the landslide surface; Grid unit division: The slope surface is divided into multiple regular grid units according to the terrain characteristics and geological conditions of the slope. Each grid unit should be representative enough to reflect the actual conditions of the slope. In a specific embodiment, the ups and downs of the slope terrain are determined based on the DSM data obtained by the drone and the three-dimensional data obtained by the Beidou high-precision positioning device, and then the slope surface is divided into 10 m units. n grid units, and the landslide body above the slope is divided into n Cubes.

[0055] Calculation of landslide volume: For each grid cell, the grid area is calculated. The area of ​​the grid cells that are not completely filled by the slope is calculated according to the shape of the grid cell, and the landslide body is divided into multiple columns (as shown in Figure 3 (b)). The principle of the monitoring method is shown in Figure 3 (c). The specific calculation process is as follows.

[0056] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional coordinates of point A obtained from Beidou positioning data are (20, 3, 68), the three-dimensional coordinates of point B are (70, 3, 8), and the three-dimensional coordinates of point A obtained from the UAV DSM data are (20, 3, 68).N The point coordinates are (53, 3, 30), and the side length of the grid unit is 10 m. In this example, the volume of one of the slope landslide bodies is 1315 m 3 Estimate the total volume of the entire slope landslide, that is, add the volume of each grid unit slope landslide to get 17095 m 3 .

[0057] Physical property analysis: Collect the physical property data of the soil in each grid unit. This example is located in the southern red soil area, where the density of red soil is generally 1.55-1.75×10 3 kg / m³. In this example, the density ρ The value is 1.6×10 3 kg / m³ Gravity calculation: calculate the landslide weight of the entire slope .

[0058]

[0059] in, represents the density of the landslide mass; Represents the acceleration due to gravity.

[0060] In this embodiment, the weight of the slope is calculated by the formula: It is 268049.61kN.

[0061] Calculation of slope sliding force and slope anti-sliding force: c represents effective cohesion; represents the effective internal friction angle. In this embodiment, the effective cohesion c is 24 kN / m 2 , effective internal friction angle The value is 32°.

[0062]

[0063] In this embodiment, the slope sliding force is calculated by the formula It is 205377.91kN, and the slope anti-sliding force is 179664.34kN.

[0064] Safety factor calculation: Calculate the safety factor for each mesh element , where 𝜏 is the slope resistance to sliding, F is the downward force on the slope.

[0065] In this embodiment, the safety factor is calculated by the formula FS is 0.87, The slope is in an unstable state and there is an immediate danger of landslide, which is displayed in red.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device, characterized in that: It includes data enhancement and transmission module, data transmission relay terminal, main control terminal, Web terminal, real-time warning module, and information push module; among them, Data enhancement and transmission module: responsible for collecting and enhancing the three-dimensional data provided by the Beidou monitor; Data transmission relay terminal: as the intermediary of data transmission, it ensures the smooth transmission of data from the monitoring point to the main control terminal; Main control terminal: processes and analyzes all collected 3D data measured by Beidou monitors; Web: Provides a user interface and combines 3D data with drone data to monitor slope status in real time and receive warning information; Real-time warning module: when the slope stability is detected to be lower than the safety threshold, a real-time warning is issued; Information push module: pushes warning information to relevant personnel or systems.

2. A method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Use UAV to collect high-resolution ground images of the slope, and pre-process the collected data to generate DSM data; Step 2: Arrange slope monitoring points, use Beidou high-precision positioning device to collect slope point data, and then filter, time align and format the slope point data; After solving, three-dimensional coordinates are formed; Step 3: Using the three-dimensional coordinates in step 2 and the slope DSM data collected in step 1, determine the ups and downs of the slope terrain, then set the size and shape of the grid, divide the slope surface into a plurality of regular grid cells, and analyze the slope stability in combination with the volume of each grid cell and the physical properties of the soil; Step 4: Use the analysis results obtained in step 3 to conduct stability assessment and issue early warnings.

3. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 1 is as follows: Step 1.1: Regularly dispatch drones to take high-resolution ground images of the slopes and synchronize the captured image data to the ground control station; Step 1.2: Perform a preliminary check on the image data of step 1.1, remove images that do not meet the quality standards, perform image denoising, and adjust white balance to ensure image quality; Step 1.3: Use image matching algorithm to align overlapping images and generate high-precision 3D point cloud data; Step 1.4: Filter the generated point cloud data to remove abnormal points and noise, and classify the point cloud data according to the terrain characteristics; Step 1.5: Generate DSM data using the classified point cloud data and correct the DSM data; Step 1.6: Smooth the DSM data, remove noise, and crop and merge them according to the boundaries of the study area.

4. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2 is as follows: Step 2.1: Calibrate the Beidou high-precision positioning device to ensure that the positioning accuracy meets the requirements; Step 2.2: Install Beidou high-precision positioning equipment at key points on the slope to ensure that the equipment is fixed and stable. The key points on the slope include the slope vertex, two slope toes and other key observation points; Step 2.3: Set the data collection frequency, start the Beidou high-precision positioning device, start automatically collecting the three-dimensional coordinate data of the slope points, and synchronize the three-dimensional coordinate data to the data processing center; Step 2.4: Process the three-dimensional coordinate data: use a digital filter to remove random noise in the three-dimensional coordinate data, unify the time reference and data format, and save the formatted data.

5. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 3 is as follows: Step 3.1: Divide the slope collected in step 2 into multiple regular grid cells. Each grid cell has the same surface area. Calculate the area of ​​each grid cell. ; Step 3.2: Select a reference height, which is the vertical distance between the center point of the landslide body and its projection point on the slope surface in each grid cell. ; Step 3.3: Calculate the volume of each grid cell and the sum of the volumes of all grid cells to obtain the estimated total volume of the slope; Step 3.4: Simplify the complex geometry of the slope into multiple grid cells of the same size and height, and calculate the area of ​​each grid cell. The vertical distance between the point on the standard slope and the standard slope Calculate the volume of the landslide Facilitates stability analysis; Step 3.5: Estimate the weight of the entire slope by combining the volume of each grid cell with the physical properties of the soil and slope force Step 3.6: Calculate the slope stability safety factor, which takes into account the shear strength of the soil, the geometric characteristics of the grid cells, and the weight of the soil.

6. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3.2, The specific calculation method is: （1） in, N is a point on the landslide body within the grid cell, yes N The projection of the point on the slope, O is N The projection of a point on the horizontal plane; , , Respectively represent A point, B Point and N The elevation coordinates of the point; , , Respectively represent A point, B Point and N The horizontal coordinate of the point; Point A and point B, point B and The vertical height between points; Point A and point B, point B and The horizontal distance between points; yes The elevation difference between .

7. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 3.4 Landslide volume The calculation method is as follows: （2） in, is the side length of a single grid cell; , , Represent the elevation coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; , , Represent the horizontal coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively.

8. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Define the safety factor as described in step 3.6 FS is the ratio of the slope's anti-sliding force to the slope's sliding force, （3） （4） （5） （6） （7） in, , , Represent the elevation coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; , , Represent the horizontal coordinates of point A, point B and point N respectively; is the side length of a single grid cell; c represents effective cohesion; represents the effective internal friction angle; represents the density of landslide mass; represents the acceleration due to gravity; is the volume of the landslide, is the weight of the landslide; is the slope's resistance to sliding; is the downward force on the slope.

9. The method for monitoring slope stability using a Beidou positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 4: Evaluate the slope stability according to the size of the safety factor and the corresponding level. The slope warning level is divided into: Safety Factor FS > 1.35: Slope stability is good, there is no immediate risk of landslide, and monitoring and maintenance work is carried out according to regular cycles; Safety factor 1.35 ≥ FS > 1.20: Low risk warning, the slope is in a relatively safe state, but the monitoring frequency should be increased; Safety factor 1.20 ≥ FS > 1.10: Medium risk warning, the slope stability is threatened to a certain extent, and close monitoring and assessment are required to determine whether reinforcement or other preventive measures are needed; Safety factor 1.10 ≥ FS > 1.00: High risk warning, the slope is close to a critical state, the risk of landslide is high, monitoring should be strengthened immediately and emergency measures should be prepared; Safety Factor FS ≤ 1.00: Extremely high risk warning. The slope is in an unstable state and there is an immediate risk of landslide. It is necessary to immediately evacuate personnel, restrict traffic, and carry out emergency reinforcement.

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