Air filter with integrated sensing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter module (100) for filtering air (101) of at least one part of a building or air (101) of an exhaust gas purification unit of a production process, the filter module (100) having a filter body (110) which filters air-accompanying substances in the air (101) flowing therethrough, and at least one sensor (112) having sensor electronics. The sensor (112) is configured to measure a value of an analysis parameter for analyzing an air accompanying substance and / or an air quality of the air (101). The filter body (110) and the sensor (112) are constructed and arranged relative to each other such that when air flows through the filter module (100), the value of the analysis parameter measured by the sensor (112) is more than 90% of the average value of the analysis parameter of the entire air flow. The filter body (110) is configured such that a pressure drop across the filter body (110) is less than 2500 Pascals, an air volume per square meter filtration area per hour is less than 450 m < 3 > / (m < 2 > h), and a volume flow rate is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a filter module and a method for filtering the air of at least a part of a building or an exhaust air purification unit of a production process by means of at least one sensor with sensor electronics. The invention also relates to a filter system having such a filter module. Background Art

[0002] Ventilation systems are responsible for the ventilation and air exchange of rooms in buildings and contain filter systems that filter pollutants from the air. Sensors are located in the filter systems, which are used to measure the air quality and the airborne substances carried therein. The requirements for the increasingly fast-changing measurement tasks of sensors in ventilation systems are difficult to meet, because ventilation systems have a service life of 10 to 30 years and their planning usually begins two years before they are put into operation. The increasingly high requirements for the accuracy of the measured values ​​related to the data from the air flow make it increasingly difficult to integrate sensor systems in ventilation systems that meet future measurement requirements over a long operating time and are low-maintenance or even maintenance-free.

[0003] In addition, as ventilation systems age, the internal flow conditions change, since the internal surfaces that were exposed at the time of installation can be covered with biofilm or solid deposits. This means that, especially for small sensors, the operating conditions for the measurements are not the same over the entire life cycle of the system. These problems arise especially in the downstream area when the pipes are curved. Since the initial cleaning of the internal surfaces of the pipes in ventilation systems is rarely carried out, the area of ​​the air vortex can change due to dust deposits and biofilm formation and thus distort the measured values. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a filter solution which allows a precise analysis of the air to be filtered during the entire service life of the ventilation installation.

[0005] This object is achieved with a filter module and a method for filtering the air of at least a part of a building or the air of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process according to the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect, a filter module for filtering the air of at least a part of a building or the air of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process is described. The filter module has a filter body and at least one sensor with sensor electronics, the filter body filtering airborne substances in the air flowing through (through). The sensor is configured to measure the value of an analysis parameter for analyzing the airborne substances and / or the air quality of the air. The filter body and the sensor are constructed and arranged relative to each other so that when the air flows through the filter module, the value of the analysis parameter measured by the sensor (112) is more than 90% of the average value of the analysis parameter of the entire air flow. The filter body is constructed so that the pressure drop across the filter body is less than 2500 Pascal and the air volume per square meter of filter area per hour is less than 600m 3 / (m 2 h) and the volume flow rate is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s.

[0007] According to a further aspect, a filter system is described, which has a control unit and at least one of the above-mentioned filter modules, wherein at least one of the filter modules is used to exchange analysis data, wherein at least one of the filter modules is connected to the control unit for exchanging analysis data related to the analysis of airborne substances and / or air quality of the air.

[0008] According to a further aspect, a method for filtering the air of at least a portion of a building or the air of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process using a replaceable filter module as described above is described.

[0009] The filter system according to the invention is usually used in buildings to filter and purify air or also for cleaning the air in production processes in factories. For this purpose, the filter system has, for example, an active flow generator, such as a fan, or is integrated into the ventilation system of the building, which has, for example, a central active flow generator.

[0010] The filter system has, for example, a housing in which a filter module is arranged or a plurality of filter modules are arranged in series in the flow direction of the air through the filter system or parallel to the flow direction.

[0011] The filter module has, for example, a flat filter material fixed in a surrounding support frame. The filter module can be designed as a bag filter, in which a plurality of bags of filter material are fixed in a support frame and the air flow is introduced into the bags in order to filter the inflowing air. In addition, the filter module can also be designed as a cartridge filter, a bag filter, a candle filter, a compact filter and a HEPA filter.

[0012] The filter module and in particular the filter material according to the invention are configured such that the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter body is less than 2500 Pascals and the air volume per square meter of filter area per hour is less than 600 m3 at a volume flow rate of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s. 3 / (m 2 h). Accordingly, the filter module serves to clean large air masses with low pressure loss. These values ​​can be adjusted structurally, in particular by selecting the filter material and the corresponding pore size and structure of the filter material.

[0013] The filter module has in particular a filter body with a filter area, which performs the function of filtering the air. According to the invention, the sensor is arranged relative to the filter area in such a way that, with a pressure drop across the filter module in the range of 10 Pa to 450 Pa, in particular to 250 Pa or also to 150 Pa, the air flow composition at the sensor is small or varies by less than 40% compared to the composition in the filter area, and the sensor is designed relative to the filter area in such a way that the air in the analysis area comes into contact with more than 90% of the same airborne accompanying substances or air particles in the filter area. The filter performance of the filter module according to the invention, in particular the filter area, is measured, for example, according to EN ISO 16890 and is better than 50% for one of the categories "ISO Coarse", "ISO ePM10", "ISO ePM2.5" or "ISO ePM1".

[0014] If the filter module is operated within these characteristic values, the arrangement of sensor and filter body proposed in the invention allows the sensor to come into contact with more than 90% of the same airborne substances and / or air volume as the filter body.

[0015] This configuration can be achieved in particular if the sensor is arranged and configured in a filter body or filter module at a suitable location and with suitable dimensions. For example, the sensor is at a sufficient distance from a supporting frame of the filter module or from an edge of a flow channel in which the filter module is arranged in the filter system to thereby avoid edge flow characteristics that cause different compositions of the airborne substances or air particles of the air or different pressure drop ranges of the air relative to, for example, the central filter body. Accordingly, the sensor is arranged at a distance of, for example, more than 0.5 cm, more than 1 cm, in particular more than 2 cm from an edge region of the filter body or an outer air flow restriction.

[0016] The solution according to the invention is suitable for filter modules, for example in the form of bag filters, or secondary filter systems. With secondary filter systems, air circulation systems with filtration for placement in rooms are generally described. Secondary filter systems can be mobile or fixed. In contrast, controlled apartment ventilation, fixed installation and ducted ventilation systems are, for example, referred to as primary filter systems. In secondary filter systems, areas with laminar air flow can be created, in which corresponding filter modules according to the invention are arranged. For example, the supporting frame of the filter material of the filter module forms a suitable mechanical strength platform, so that the sensor can be fixed directly or indirectly in a sufficiently vibration-free manner (so that no element vibrates in the air flow). If vibration-sensitive sensors (such as MEMS or other electromechanical components) are used in the analysis area, it is particularly important to reduce vibrations.

[0017] Due to the arrangement of sensors, the filter module according to the invention provides in particular integrated support for online or offline analysis of the pollutant load of the air flowing through. In particular, due to the arrangement of sensors, it is possible, for example, to determine measured values ​​representative of the airflow from the air, in particular in terms of time or quantity.

[0018] The sensor with its sensor electronics is configured to carry out a qualitative and / or quantitative measurement and analysis of air and airborne substances, i.e. airborne particles or gaseous substances. With the aid of an integrated sensor, a direct measurement of airborne substances or groups of airborne substances in the air flow can be provided. This may, for example, relate to the amount of fine dust of a certain diameter class. In addition, for example, other foreign matter can be filtered out in advance so that only certain airborne substances reach the sensor. When the turbulent flow of air through the filter module generates eddies, heavier substances (particles, molecules, aerosols, etc.) are moved away in the radial direction of the flow rollers by centrifugal forces, which leads to a dehomogenization of the air flow components. With the aid of the air module according to the invention, representative air flow components can be measured by the sensor even over the entire life cycle of the filter module by ensuring the flow according to the invention regardless of any pressure differences.

[0019] In conventional methods, the flow conditions in the filter system are usually unstructured, that is to say, it is not important to precisely design the flow conditions in the interior of the bag filter, for example, so far, because it only needs to filter. When the area with good fluidity is already occupied, the area with poor fluidity of the filter area is subsequently occupied, whereby its flow resistance increases. The solution according to the present invention ensures that the value measured by the sensor substantially corresponds to the average value about the entire airflow. An exemplary measure for uniform measurement is to prevent air vortexes in front of the sensor (for example, by placing the sensor away from the edge of the airflow and / or by means of a baffle for airflow homogenization, etc.), because solids, molecules heavier than air or aerosols, for example, can be transported away in the radial direction of the vortex through the air vortex. Therefore, the sensor is arranged in an area where the formation of undesirable airflow vortexes is reduced or eliminated.

[0020] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor is configured to measure analytical parameters of gases, liquids and / or solids as airborne substances and / or air components, such as the CO2 concentration in the air. The analytical parameters define in particular the chemical and / or physical properties of the airborne substances, so that energy consumption, savings potential, air pollution and / or CO2 footprint can be determined taking into account the analytical parameters.

[0021] According to another exemplary embodiment, the following values ​​of the air flowing through the filter body can be acquired, for example, by sensors integrated into the filter module: temperature, humidity, flow rate, air volume, dew point, proportion of airborne substances with specific properties. With the aid of sensors, gas components, liquid components or solids in the air flow can be detected and their chemical / physical properties, in particular quantity and / or (for example average) diameter, can be determined, for example. Based on these basic measured values, subsequent calculations, such as the CO2 footprint (footprint), (energy) savings potential (for example, depending on the pressure drop across the filter, which can be influenced by filter material or filter replacement) or energy consumption can also be calculated.

[0022] In particular, the viral load of the air to be filtered can be detected with at least one sensor. For example, the concentration of a virus such as the Sars-CoV 2 virus can be determined. In this case, a biosensor is arranged in the filter module. The air to be filtered flows through the biosensor. For example, the biomarker can have a biomarker that reacts with the virus and causes a corresponding measurable (for example optical) reaction.

[0023] The biosensor can function based on the PCR test method (real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), according to which the gene sequence of a virus, such as the Sars-CoV 2 virus, is detected. In addition, the biosensor can function in the manner of an antigen test and implement a test method based on fluorescence or chemiluminescence, in which, for example, viral proteins are detected based on a specific color.

[0024] In one embodiment of the biosensor, it can be constructed as a waveguide interferometer. This photonic biosensor identifies various light-based phenomena of the virus to quickly detect and quantify the virus or the corresponding biomarkers. Under various photonic biosensors, silicon photonic biosensors based on the evanescent wave principle can be used.

[0025] Furthermore, the biosensor can be constructed as a nanophotonic biosensor based on an interferometric bimodal waveguide (BiMW). To capture and detect viruses in a sample, the surface of the BiMW sensor is modified with specific receptors designed for viral external antigens, such as the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. Once the air to be filtered flows through the biosensor, the viral particles are captured by the receptors on the sensor surface and generate an interferometric signal that can be recorded in real time. For example, the sensor's response is proportional to the viral concentration in the air to be filtered, and thus enables precise quantification of the viral load in the air.

[0026] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter material of the filter body has a flannel, which is constructed with one layer, preferably with multiple layers. The filter body is arranged in a filter module in a particularly replaceable manner, wherein the flannel is particularly constructed as a disposable filter. The flannel consists of fibers with a limited length, continuous fibers (filaments) or short-cut yarns, which are joined together and connected to form a flannel (fiber layer, fiber flannel). Through the connection of the fibers, an air-permeable material with narrow, small-pore air channels is provided, thereby achieving a good filtering effect, especially for air particles.

[0027] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module can be arranged replaceably in the filter system, wherein in particular the filter body is a disposable filter. The filter module in particular has an information element which signals that the filter module needs to be replaced.

[0028] The filter module according to the invention is arranged replaceably in the filter system according to the embodiment. For example, corresponding guide rails can be provided along which the filter module can be pushed into the operating position in the filter system. In addition, for example, removable fixing means, such as screws or clamping closures, can be provided in order to arrange the filter module in the filter system in a modular and replaceable manner.

[0029] By shifting at least part of the sensor device into a regularly replaced filter module, the filter system can be constructed in such a way that the sensors can be updated during the entire service life of the filter system by replacing the filter module, and the corresponding worn, dirty or damaged sensors can be easily replaced together with the filter module. Therefore, the present invention proposes an air filter, in particular a bag filter, which has an integrated sensor for determining the parameters of the air flowing through. The system formed in this way allows the corresponding sensor components to be replaced simultaneously within the scope of the filter module replacement, which sensor components are, for example, pre-calibrated and thus do not need to be calibrated or measured in the filter system. In this way, in the filter system, for example, sensor cleaning, pre-maintenance and recalibration of the sensor can be omitted.

[0030] For example, a humidity sensor can deviate by up to 5% after 20 years of aging. Within one year, the measurement accuracy remains almost constant or deteriorates by less than 0.25%. Thus, when the filter module together with the sensor is replaced annually, the high measurement accuracy can be maintained over the life cycle of the filter system.

[0031] Since the replaceable filter module (especially as a disposable filter) cannot be precisely matched to the surrounding housing of the filter system, it is also advantageous that the filter module prevents possible air resonance. In filter materials composed of regularly arranged filter media (such as woven, punched, etched or drilled filters), there is the possibility that resonance and thus negative effects (noise, re-release of embedded pollutants, especially when starting and stopping the facility, when physical measured values ​​change) will occur due to the self-organization effect of the airflow. It has been shown that in the solution according to the invention, the use of a layer of flannel suppresses this vibration effect. This suppression occurs in the following way, that is, the fibers are irregularly and randomly deposited and adhered, and this irregularity reduces the vibration self-organization potential. When multiple flannel layers are used in the structure of the filter material, especially when they have at least slightly different flannel materials or flannel layers, this suppression can be enhanced. The difference can be produced by the manufacture of the flannel material.

[0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor is arranged on the exhaust side of the filter body. Placing the sensor on the supply side of the filter system can lead to the sensor being occupied by foreign matter, which in turn leads to measurement errors or a slower reaction to the measurement standard (for example, dust on the temperature sensor can lead to insulation, which in the first place also disturbs the measurement dynamics). This can be solved by placing the sensor on the exhaust side of the filter system.

[0033] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor can be intermittently operated, especially with a duty cycle less than 1:10, especially with a duty cycle less than 1:100. For example, a duty cycle of 1:10 means that in 10 time units in which the filter area is flowed through, 1 time unit flows to or flows through the sensor. Thus, discontinuous measurement can be performed to save energy for the measurement system in particular. For example, it is sufficient that the measurement of the sensor is only performed during a very short time with a very long static phase. Foreign body loads in the airflow usually occur over a long period of time. In this way, the time intermediate value can also be interpolated from each measured value without having to perform continuous measurement. In this way, a good measurement result can be achieved using a duty cycle less than 1:10, especially a duty cycle less than 1:100. Here, it is particularly helpful that if the duration of the measurement is minimized, the measurement of the color change of the indicator or sensor can be determined, for example, with a measurement time less than 10 microseconds, especially less than 50 microseconds, or less than 1 microsecond.

[0034] In addition, the energy consumption can be reduced by adapting the duty cycle in such a way that the sensor operates cyclically but only during 1 / 10 or 1 / 100 of the time (or a shorter measurement interval). If the measuring speed of the sensor is high (i.e. the time for measurement is short), accurate or even highly precise measurements are still made due to the inertia with respect to changes in the gas flow composition.

[0035] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the sensor module has at least one further sensor with sensor electronics. In particular, more than three sensors with corresponding sensor electronics can be provided, which are configured to measure the value of an analysis parameter for analyzing airborne substances and / or air quality of the air, wherein in particular the sensor is a combination sensor which is configured to determine a plurality of analysis parameters.

[0036] Energy-saving sensors are becoming smaller and smaller. These increasingly miniaturized sensors allow two, three or more different sensors to be integrated in a filter module. In particular, it has been shown that the use of combination sensors that determine multiple measured variables with one sensor is particularly advantageous, since for this purpose the air flow continuity only has to be ensured at certain locations of the filter body.

[0037] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor has a movable structural element. Certain sensors also often use movable structural elements (e.g., small fans that constantly adjust the flow rate at the same level, deflection mirrors or filters for spectrometers, or electromechanical distance changes [adjustable frequency filters for MEMS-based spectroscopy]). Such components are precisely subject to risks regarding contamination or bearing wear. The service life is therefore limited, and the time for which accurate measurements are guaranteed is significantly shorter than the service life of the filter system. By regularly replacing the filter module (e.g., monthly, semi-annual, annually), the aging or deviation of the sensor (i.e., the continuous change of the measurement results over time) starts again from "zero". Various sensors also use an integrated controller. This can easily signal that the replacement of the filter module (due to aging or detected faults) is due, or in the sense of preventive maintenance, is pending in the foreseeable future.

[0038] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor electronics are configured to store measured analytical parameters, wherein the filter module in particular has a coupling element which is mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the sensor electronics and can be coupled to a connection of the filter system. The coupling element is in particular configured such that a detachable connection between the filter module and the connection of the filter system can be provided.

[0039] The coupling element is particularly configured so that when the filter module is brought into the operating position in the filter system, a connection can be automatically generated between the connection part of the filter system and the sensor electronics, wherein the coupling element is particularly arranged on the exhaust side of the filter body. The optional controller integrated in the filter module can also store sensor values ​​and forward them afterwards when the communication is interrupted, or the data can be read offline after the filter is replaced. Data transmission can be carried out by wireless and wired means (or a combination of the two). For wired (data, energy, configuration) electrical connections, the coupling element is advantageously used as an electrical plug connection, which is automatically unplugged and / or inserted when the filter module is replaced. In order that the plug device will not be soiled by contaminated air (and therefore unreliable), the connection is preferably installed on the exhaust side of the filter.

[0040] The connection element is used for signaling or electrical connection between the sensor and the device of the filter system. The connection element is arranged in particular at the filter module, for example at the support frame of the filter module, so that in the operating position of the filter module in the filter system, a connection with a corresponding corresponding connection element of the filter system can be realized. The connection element can be, for example, an electrical plug.

[0041] By arranging the plug connection, in particular in the exhaust air region of the filter system, contamination of the plug connection can be reduced or prevented.

[0042] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the sensor is configured to measure analysis parameters which determine the energy consumption and / or CO2 footprint of the filter module and / or the filter system (150), wherein the analysis parameters are in particular selected to determine a recommendation regarding filter replacement and / or filter cleaning, in particular individual parameters can be configured here. As the occupancy rate increases, the filter module requires more and more energy for the prescribed use, since the Δp or the pressure drop across the filter module increases due to the filter occupancy rate. Based on the data or analysis parameters, a recommendation regarding an optimal filter module replacement time (or cleaning time) can be determined and communicated, preferably individual parameters such as energy costs, savings potential, CO2 savings, CO2 certificate costs, etc. can be configured or determined here.

[0043] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor is configured to measure an analysis parameter for analyzing fine dust, wherein in particular the frequency of occurrence of fine dust, in particular the frequency of the diameter class of fine dust particles and / or the analysis of the composition of fine dust, wherein the sensor is particularly configured to perform the measurement in real time. The corresponding sensor for analyzing the fine dust particles of the air supply can be installed on the air supply side of the filter body. Compared with the duct or channel, the cross section of the air duct is usually larger at the filter position, which can reduce the flow rate in the case of a given air throughput. The reduced flow rate can in turn lead to more uniform air flow guidance and less turbulent air eddies (which, for example, radially squeeze the fine dust particles apart). In an ideal manner, this can be carried out on the air supply side. Measurements related to fine dust composition (diameter, quantity, material analysis, etc.) are performed. The possibility of external communication according to the present invention also allows real-time analysis of fine dust load.

[0044] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor is a dynamic pressure gauge and is particularly configured so that the static pressure upstream of the filter body and the static and dynamic pressures downstream of the filter body can be measured. If the velocity of the air flow is high enough, the pressure difference between the normal pressure sampling point upstream of the filter body and the dynamic pressure tube (or Pitot tube) downstream of the filter can be measured. The pressure in the Pitot tube is given by the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure and is therefore higher than the pressure in the normal pressure sampling point before the filter. This configuration produces a reverse pressure difference or a negative pressure difference on the filter and allows the detection of supply line blockages or valve failures. This embodiment should be particularly suitable for retrofitting aging facilities. By using a controller in the filter module or filter system, the response and / or limit values ​​in the filter system can be parameterized from the outside.

[0045] For example, the sensor can have a microphone and detect the noise level in the room and the location of the noise source. By measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room, the number of people talking in the room and the sound intensity can be inferred and the ventilation power of the fan unit can be adapted to this by the control unit, because the aerosol emission caused by people increases with the volume of speech. In other words, the control of the ventilation power can be adjusted by the noise level in the room. The more people talk or talk loudly, the more aerosols are emitted and the fan power can therefore be higher, because then the additional sounds of the equipment such as the fan unit will not be perceived and will not cause interference. If one or more people are sitting quietly in the room, the ventilation power will be reduced, because silence is necessary to work concentratedly, but hardly any aerosols are emitted.

[0046] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a signal transmission unit which is designed for wireless or wired transmission of signals, wherein the signal transmission unit is particularly configured to send data by means of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or a building management technology protocol. Based on the data, a warning signal can be generated by means of the control unit and / or measures can be taken, in particular in relation to the throughput through the filter module.

[0047] The signal transmission unit can be, for example, an antenna or a conductor-based system that signals the ventilation facility to be ready to receive data from the filter module. These data can not only relate to parameters related to the airborne substances of the air, but can also contain information and details of the filter module. For example, the volume of air passing through the filter module or filter system can be matched according to the performance of the filter module used. In addition, when the operating time or occupancy density of the filter module is exceeded, a signal can be issued, which can be interpreted as a maintenance signal or can be used as a control signal to reduce the air throughput. The design variant of the signal transmission unit can be an RFID transponder (which, for example, also has filter data in encrypted form). In addition, other communication mechanisms such as NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, etc. can also be used. In addition to proprietary protocols, the bus system of the building management system (LON, EIB, etc.) can also be used for wired communication. Through this mechanism, it is also possible to provide the following filter system, in which the function is activated only when part of the unique ID belongs to the agreed scope of delivery.

[0048] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a receiving device which is configured to receive a unique ID, wherein the unique ID has information about the location of use of the filter module. The receiving device is configured to read the unique ID from a QR code, a barcode, an OCR font or an RFID tag. The receiving device is particularly configured to receive the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol or a protocol of a building management system (particularly LON or EIB), wherein the operation and / or configuration of the filter module can be set based on the unique ID.

[0049] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the unique ID has information about the installation position of the filter module in the filter system. This ID allows the preselection of operating parameters required for a specific operation from the preconfigured operating mode of the filter system or filter module, or the retrieval of stored data of the system configuration. In particular, when an encrypted protocol is used, reconfiguration can be avoided when the filter is replaced, and a "plug and play" function can be achieved. When replaced, the corresponding data can be transferred from the filter system or filter module or transmitted via the cloud. The unique ID can be transferred to the filter system using mechanisms known to those skilled in the art, using QR codes, barcodes, OCR fonts (and their machine-readable font successors), RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, proprietary protocols or protocols of building management systems (LON, EIB, etc.). Through this mechanism, it is also possible to provide a filter system in which the function is activated only when a part of the unique ID belongs to the agreed scope of delivery.

[0050] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter body has a bag filter or a hose filter. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the filter system contains a plurality of filter modules with bag filters or hose filters. Instead of one of these bag filters or hose filters, the functional unit can now be used for additional functions, for example as an energy supply unit or an electrical supply unit. For example, due to the large structural volume thus present, a plurality of additional functions can be realized. The long-life battery allows the solution according to the invention to be easily retrofitted to existing filter modules without the need for additional electrical and / or installation technology measures.

[0051] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter body has at least two flannel layers and a filter membrane arranged between the flannel layers, and the flannel layers are arranged layer by layer to form a layer composite, wherein the middle filter membrane of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer flannel layers. In particular, according to an exemplary embodiment, a first direction (e.g., X direction) and a second direction (e.g., Y direction) are defined, which define a plane, wherein the middle filter membrane is configured in a wave-like manner to have a corrugated section, so that the corrugated sections are arranged in sequence along the first direction. The corrugated sections extend irregularly and asymmetrically to each other in the plane, in particular. The filter body is arranged so that air can flow through the filter body in the first direction or in the second direction. For example, the x direction is the air inflow direction, and the corrugated section extends transversely to the first direction in the second direction. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement and shape can be used for vibration suppression. Alternatively, the filter body can also flow in along the Y direction, and thus parallel to the extension of the wave. Therefore, the corrugated section constructs a shark skin-like rib structure, for example, which promotes a reduction in flow resistance. Depending on the inlet conditions into the filter body (inflow cross section, volume flow, depth of the filter material to be flowed through), one or the other design may be particularly advantageous. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement can be achieved by a self-organizing compression process, in which the feed rate of the filter membrane is significantly higher than the feed rate of the two covering fleeces. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement is produced by thermally fixing the three layers at a predetermined time. In addition to the advantages already described, this asymmetry acts stably on the curvature in the xy plane.

[0052] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter body has a thickness in the filter area of ​​2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the number of corrugated segments is between 0.5 and 3 waves per centimeter. This allows a filter performance similar to that of a HEPA filter, but with a pressure drop in the range of a common F7 filter (i.e. within the operating parameters of the solution according to the invention).

[0053] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter area is constructed of a hydrophobic filter material. In addition, the filter area can be constructed of natural fibers. The filter area can also contain polyolefins, especially polypropylene. In another example, the filter area contains cellulose, cotton and / or hemp.

[0054] If the air flow to be filtered is loaded with a high aerosol load, known filters may be prone to sudden moisture penetration (Durchfeuchtung). On the one hand, this can statically increase the pressure drop across the filter and, on the other hand, dynamically make the subsequent flow control by VAV too fast due to the very rapid change of pressure conditions. The solution according to the invention can solve this problem by suitable material selection of the filter material: hydrophobic materials (e.g. polyolefins, especially polypropylene, which are essentially free of polar groups) or absorbent materials with a special (e.g. deep) swelling tendency (e.g. natural fibers, especially cellulose fibers, cotton or linen). This reduces the tendency of the filter openings to fill with micro- or nano-scale water droplets. It has been shown that the fungicidal, virucidal and bactericidal properties of linen are suitable and make it an ideal filter component.

[0055] On the one hand, by joining the sensor to the sensor electronics, the air flow can be impeded, which leads to a greater pressure drop and thus to a higher energy consumption, which, on the other hand, can be compensated by reducing the volume flow through the filter in the filter area. With the aid of the solution according to the invention, filter areas with extra-large filter areas can be created (for example, by corrugated integration of the filter membrane between two fleeces), which allow a corresponding reduction in the volume flow per unit time and area. Thus, in operation, the air volume quantity per hour and per square meter of filter area (m 3 ) below 450m 3 , especially below 140m 3 , preferably less than 85m 3 , especially preferably less than 50m 3 At the same time, this leads to a less rapid occupancy of the filter and thus to fewer filter changes or less frequent cleaning processes, which in turn reduces operating resources.

[0056] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter area is constructed of a hydrophobic filter material. In addition, the filter area can be constructed of natural fibers. The filter area can also contain polyolefins, especially polypropylene. In another example, the filter area contains cellulose, cotton and / or hemp.

[0057] If the airflow to be filtered is loaded with a high aerosol load, known filters may be prone to sudden moisture penetration. On the one hand, this may statically increase the pressure drop over the filter, but dynamically also make the subsequent flow control by VAV too fast due to the very fast changing pressure conditions. The solution according to the invention can solve this problem by appropriate material selection of the filter material: hydrophobic materials (such as polyolefins, especially polypropylene, which are essentially free of polar groups) or absorbent materials with a special (such as deep) swelling tendency (such as natural fibers, especially cellulose fibers, cotton or linen). This reduces the tendency of the filter openings to fill with micro- or nano-scale water droplets. It has been shown that the fungicidal, virucidal and bactericidal properties of hemp are suitable and make it an ideal filter component.

[0058] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a supporting frame, which can be fixed in particular to the housing of the filter system (for example, replaceable). In addition, the filter module has a filter frame, to which the filter body can be fixed, wherein the filter frame is arranged in particular replaceably on the supporting frame. Additionally or alternatively, the filter module has a sensor frame, to which at least the sensor (or another sensor) can be fixed, wherein the sensor frame is arranged in particular replaceably on the supporting frame. The supporting frame is a structure that can transmit the holding force of the filter module and the sensor. The supporting frame is especially fixed to the housing of the filter system. The supporting frame can, for example, be arranged replaceably in the filter system, for example in the housing of the filter system, so that the entire filter module is replaceable.

[0059] The carrier frame is a fixing device for the filter frame and the sensor frame. The filter frame and / or the sensor frame can be replaceably fixed to the carrier frame. Thus, a modular system can be provided, in which the element to be maintained, such as the filter module or the sensor, must be replaced without replacing the entire filter module. For example, if the filter body is blocked or occupied, the filter frame can be loosened from the carrier frame. Subsequently, a new filter body with a corresponding filter frame can be replaceably fixed to the carrier frame. Correspondingly, if a sensor defect is determined, the sensor frame with the sensor can also be replaced. The sensor frame can also be replaced without replacing the filter frame. In addition, the sensor can also be fixed to the filter frame so that it is replaceable together with the replacement of the filter frame.

[0060] This creates a sustainable and efficient replacement or exchange system, so that only components that require maintenance or are defective, such as a loaded filter or a defective sensor, can be replaced without having to replace the remaining components as well.

[0061] The sensor frame and the filter frame can be fastened to the support frame, for example, by means of a threaded connection. In this case, conventional fastening means, such as screws, can simultaneously fasten the sensor frame and the filter frame to the support frame. Furthermore, other detachable fastening devices are also possible, such as a snap-on connection with a snap-in element, wherein the corresponding sensor frame or filter frame can be loaded into the support frame. Velcro connections can also be used to connect the filter frame and / or the sensor frame to the support frame.

[0062] In particular, the sensor frame is arranged between the carrier frame and the filter frame. For example, the sensor can be fixed to the frame of the sensor frame itself. In addition, the spacing element can protrude from the sensor frame to the center of the sensor frame in order to space the sensor from the edge of the sensor frame.

[0063] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a weighing device, which is arranged to weigh the occupancy of the filter, in particular so that the measured value distortion caused by the pressure of the air flowing through the system can be compensated. With the corresponding additional mechanism, compensation for the measured value distortion caused by the air resistance pressure during the operation of the filter system can be achieved. This also allows the determination of a high filter occupancy rate for the operating mode of the filter system in a low volume flow, which does not lead to the triggering of the pressure difference monitoring of the filter in the usual filter monitoring. In particular, in the installed state of the filter module in the housing of the filter system, the weighing device can be in contact with the ground and thereby transfer the weight of the filter module to the ground. The weight measurement of the filter module can thus be performed.

[0064] According to another exemplary embodiment of the filter system, the control unit has a visualization unit, which is configured to visualize the analysis of air quality and air particles, in particular according to the position of the relevant filter system. In addition, the control unit is particularly configured to generate treatment recommendations based on the analysis of air quality and airborne substances.

[0065] In a particularly preferred embodiment, a plurality of filter modules are operated in conjunction with one another in such a way that they clean the air from a single building section. The filter modules have corresponding additional retrofit devices that can exchange data about the air details and thus visualize air measurement data at at least one location or initiate actions dependent thereon. Both the primary ventilation filters and the filter systems of the secondary ventilation can be networked and interact with one another. In particular, the location-dependent air quality can be visualized in this way, treatment recommendations can be given or measures can be initiated (e.g. "Conference room 2 has poor air" or "Air quality is low, please turn the fan up one level").

[0066] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter system has a flow control device, for example a fan or other flow generator. By means of the flow control device, the flow rate of the air through the filter body and the air pressure of the air at the air supply side of the filter body can be adjusted. The flow control device is configured to adjust the pressure drop difference between the air supply side and the exhaust side in the filter area by means of a mechanical and / or electromechanical flow control system, so that a constant volume flow through the filter area can be adjusted, in particular based on a subsequent adaptation according to measurement data.

[0067] For example, the flow control system has a mechanical cross-sectional variation of the inlet into the filter body, taking into account the pressure drop in the filter area so that the air flow fraction at the sensor remains similar and represents the air flow fraction in the filter area. The pressure drop at the sensor can be adaptively matched to the pressure drop in the filter area.

[0068] The control unit can, for example, take into account the pressure drop at the sensor in the measurement data of the sensor. In addition, the analysis can be performed over a wide range of pressure drops, for example by taking into account the pressure difference in the post-processing of the measurement data by the control unit (for example, by permanently recording the pressure difference and taking this data into account in the evaluation).

[0069] According to another exemplary embodiment, the flow control device is configured so that the volume flow per square meter of filter area of ​​the filter module can be set to less than 140 m 3 / h, especially below 85m 3 / h, preferably less than 50m 3 / h.

[0070] According to another exemplary embodiment, the flow control device is configured so that the volume flow rate is in the range of 0.1m / s to 5m / s, in particular 0.2m / s to 3.4m / s, in particular 0.3m / s to 2.8m / s, and / or the pressure drop on the filter module in at least one operating mode can be set to less than 450Pa, in particular less than 250Pa, preferably less than 150Pa. If the filter system is operated within these characteristic values, the measures proposed in the present invention (or a combination thereof) can ensure that the sensor is in contact with more than 90% of the accompanying substances and the amount of accompanying substances with the same average value in the entire air flow as described above. The air flow composition at the sensor also changes only slightly in the pressure drop change from 50Pa to 450Pa. The solution according to the invention is particularly suitable for filter systems with a pressure drop on the filter system of less than 2500Pa, because then the optimization of the flow resistance according to the invention is effective. Particularly good results are achieved when there is a pressure drop of less than 450Pa, in particular less than 250Pa, preferably less than 150Pa in the operating mode.

[0071] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module also has a receiving device, which has a receiving area for receiving the filter module, wherein at least one of the receiving areas is configured to receive the filter module or a functional unit, wherein the functional unit is in particular a power supply device for supplying electrical energy to the sensor and the sensor electronics. The receiving device of the filter system can, for example, be constructed with a guide rail, which is arranged at the housing of the filter system and along which the filter module or the functional unit can be pushed into an operating position in the filter system. In addition, for example, removable fixing means, such as screws or clamping closures, can be provided as the receiving device in order to arrange the filter module or the functional unit in the filter system in a modular and replaceable manner. The functional unit can, for example, be a supply unit for electrical energy, such as a battery pack.

[0072] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module also has a storage module for storing data, wherein the data indicate the value of an analysis parameter, in particular at least one analysis parameter is selected from the group consisting of an air flow rate through the filter, a temperature of the through-flowing air, a pressure of the through-flowing air, in particular an absolute pressure and / or a pressure difference, a filter occupancy rate of the filter body, a humidity of the through-flowing air, an aerosol load or a PM content of the through-flowing air, wherein the storage module is constructed so that the storage module can be connected to a reading device outside the filter system to read the data.

[0073] Precisely under particularly harsh operating conditions, it may be of interest to store the individual acquisition details in a memory module and parameterize the data. On the one hand, this involves the details of the measurement method, in particular the measured value variation over time, and, for example, the number of limit values ​​exceeded, and on the other hand, this also involves storing and subsequently comparing a large number of different parameters, such as air flow, temperature, pressure (especially absolute pressure and / or pressure difference), filter occupancy, humidity, aerosol load, PM content [especially how many diameter classes there are]. Such data sets can then be transmitted again with the aid of a signal transmission unit, or such data sets can be stored in a memory module and read out at the end of the service life of the filter module. In addition, the use data of the filter module, such as the duration of use and the intensity of use (e.g. flow control), can be stored in the memory module. For example, based on this data, a consumption bill for the use of the filter module can be created, which can be invoiced to the user of the filter module. The creation of a consumption bill can be used in particular in rental properties, where each tenant obtains a consumption bill assigned to them based on the use of the filter module.

[0074] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter module further comprises a covering device which is configured to selectively cover an air inlet on the air supply side of the filter system, wherein the covering device is in particular configured such that the covering device automatically covers the air inlet when the filter module is replaced.

[0075] Since, by means of the solution according to the invention, high-quality sensors are installed in the filter module, which can be recycled if necessary, in a further embodiment, a protection function against re-contamination of the environment or the sensor by foreign bodies embedded in the filter or adhering to the filter is installed, which protection function can be activated when the filter is replaced, in particular it is automatically implemented. For example, in the case of a bag filter, this can be a roller curtain-like or slider-like covering device, which covers the filter inlet or outlet of the filter system when the filter module is pulled out. The covering device can also be temporarily fixed during the replacement by means of an adhesive or a Velcro connection.

[0076] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only a limited selection of possible embodiment variants of the present invention. Therefore, the features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other in a suitable manner so that a large number of different embodiments can be considered as obviously disclosed using the embodiment variants clearly defined here for those skilled in the art. In particular, some embodiments of the present invention are described using device claims, and other embodiments of the present invention are described using method claims. However, it will be immediately clear to those skilled in the art after reading this application that, unless otherwise expressly stated, in addition to the combination of features belonging to one type of inventive subject matter, any combination of features belonging to different types of inventive subject matter is also possible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] In order to further explain and better understand the present invention, the embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0078] Figure 1 A filtration system having a filtration module according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0079] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a filter material for a filter body according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0080] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a wave shape of a filter material according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0081] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a filtration module with a dynamic pressure gauge according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0082] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a filter system having a filter module and a plurality of filter bodies according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0083] Figure 6 A perspective view of a modular filtration module according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0084] Figure 7 According to an exemplary embodiment, Figure 6 Side view of a modular filtration module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] Identical or similar parts in different figures are provided with the same reference symbols. The representation in the figures is schematic.

[0086] Figure 1 A filter system 150 with filter modules 100 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The filter system 150 has a control unit 130 and at least one filter module 100, wherein the at least one filter module 100 is used to exchange analysis data required to support the analysis of airborne substances and / or air quality.

[0087] The filter module 100 has a filter body 110, which filters airborne substances from the air 101 flowing through, and includes at least one sensor 112 or another sensor 113 with sensor electronics. The sensor 112 is configured to measure the value of an analysis parameter for analyzing the airborne substances and / or the air quality of the air 101. The filter body 110 and the sensor 112 are constructed and arranged relative to each other so that when the air flows through the filter module (100), the value of the analysis parameter measured by the sensor 112 corresponds to more than 90% of the average value of the analysis parameter of the entire air flow. The filter body 110 is constructed so that the pressure drop across the filter body 110 is less than 2500 Pascals and the air volume per square meter of filter area per hour is less than 600m 3 / (m 2 h) and the volume flow rate is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s.

[0088] The filter system 150 has a housing in which the filter module 100 is arranged. The filter module 100 according to the invention is hereby replaceably arranged in the filter system 150. For example, corresponding guide rails can be provided along which the filter module can be pushed in the insertion direction 107 until the operating position in the filter system 150.

[0089] The filter system 150 has a flow control device 140, for example a fan or other flow generator. By means of the flow control device 140, the flow rate of the air 101 through the filter body 110 and the air pressure of the air 101 at the air supply side 102 of the filter body 110 can be adjusted. The flow control device 140 is configured to set the pressure drop difference between the pressure p1 on the air supply side 102 and the pressure p2 on the exhaust side 103 in the filter area 111 and at the sensors 112, 113, in particular by means of a mechanical and / or electromechanical flow control system, so that a constant volume flow through the filter area 111 and at the sensor 112 or through the sensors 112, 113 can be adjusted, in particular based on a subsequent adaptation according to measurement data.

[0090] The filter module 100 has a flat filter material fixed in a receiving device, such as a surrounding support frame. The filter module 100 can be configured as a bag filter, wherein a plurality of bags 114 of filter material are fixed in the support frame and the air flow is introduced into the bags 114 to filter the inflowing air 101.

[0091] The filter module 100 has in particular a filter area 111 which has the function of filtering the air 101. The sensors 112, 113 are at a sufficient distance from the supporting frame of the filter module 100 or from the edge of the flow channel in which the filter module 100 is arranged in the filter system 150 to thereby avoid edge flow characteristics which would lead to different compositions of air particles of the air or different pressure drop areas of the air 101 relative to, for example, the central filter area.

[0092] The sensors 112, 113 are used to measure at least one parameter of an airborne substance and / or an air quality of the air 101. A direct measurement of a foreign body or a group of foreign bodies in the air flow can be provided by means of one of the sensors 112, 113. The sensors 112, 113 can have MEMS sensors. Furthermore, one of the sensors 112, 113 can be configured in particular so that they can be used for Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis FTIR and / or near infrared spectroscopy analysis. The sensors 112, 113 can, for example, form resistive sensors for measuring airborne substances and / or air quality. Here, for example, a trigger substance can also be used to measure the presence of certain foreign bodies in the air 101.

[0093] The filter module 100 has a communication unit 122 for communicating data about airborne substances and / or air quality to a control unit 130 of the filter system 150, in particular for controlling the filter module 100. The communication unit 122 is configured to send information about airborne substances and / or air quality to the control unit 130 or also control signals, which can be created based on measured parameters to generate control signals associated with advisory signals (alarm signals) or airflow control signals to be sent to the control unit 130.

[0094] The filter module 100 also has a coupling element 106, which is mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the sensors 112, 113 and can be coupled to a connection of the filter system 150. The coupling element 106 is particularly designed so that a detachable connection between the sensors 112, 113 and the connection of the filter system 150 can be provided. In addition, the coupling element 106 is particularly designed so that when the filter module 100 is brought into the operating position in the filter system 150, a connection can be automatically produced between the connection of the filter system 150 and the sensors 112, 113. The coupling element 106 is arranged on the exhaust side 103 of the filter body 110. The coupling element 106 is particularly arranged at the filter module 100, for example at the supporting frame of the filter module 100, so that in the operating position of the filter module 100 in the filter system 150, a connection with a corresponding corresponding coupling element of the filter system 150 can be achieved.

[0095] The filter module 100 also has a weighing device 108, which is provided to weigh the occupancy of the filter, in particular to make it possible to compensate for distortions in the measured values ​​caused by the pressure of the air 101 flowing through the system. In the installed state of the filter module 100 in the housing of the filter system 150, the weighing device 108 is in contact with the ground and thus transmits the weight of the filter module 100 to the ground. In this way, a weight measurement of the filter module 100 can be performed.

[0096] The filter module 100 has a receiving device 120 configured to receive a unique ID, wherein the unique ID has information about the location where the filter module 100 is used. The receiving device 120 can be configured to read the unique ID from a QR code, a barcode, an OCR font or an RFID tag. In addition, the receiving device 120 can be configured to receive the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol or a building management system protocol (especially LON or EIB). Based on the unique ID, the operation and / or configuration of the filter module 100 can be set. For example, the unique ID has information about the installation location of the filter module 100 in the filter system 150. The ID allows the operating parameters required for a specific operation to be pre-selected from the pre-configured operating modes of the filter system 150 or the filter module 100, or to retrieve stored data of the system configuration.

[0097] The filter module 100 also has a transmission device 121 for transmitting filter-related data, wherein the transmission device 121 is configured to transmit the data by means of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or a building management technology protocol. Based on the data, a warning signal can be generated by means of the control unit 130 and / or measures can be taken, in particular in relation to the throughput through the filter module 100.

[0098] The transmitting device 121 can be, for example, an antenna or a conductor-based system, which signals the ventilation installation or the filter system 150 that it is ready to receive data from the filter module 100. Such data can not only relate to parameters related to the airborne substances of the air 101, but can also contain information and details of the filter module 100. Thus, for example, the air volume can be adapted by the filter module 100 or the filter system 150 according to the performance of the filter module 100 used. In addition, in the case of exceeding the operating time or occupancy density of the filter module 100, a signal can be emitted, which can be interpreted as a maintenance signal or used as a control signal to reduce the air flow. The sensor 112 can be supplied with electrical energy, for example, by the electrical supply unit 104. By means of the signal connection 105, corresponding signals can be transmitted, for example, between the sensor 112, the communication unit 122, the transmitting device 121 and the receiving device 120.

[0099] The control unit 130 may have a (possibly local or remote) visualization unit configured to visualize the air quality and the analysis of the airborne particles or airborne substances, in particular depending on the location of the associated filter system 150. Furthermore, the control unit 130 is in particular configured to generate treatment recommendations based on the analysis of the air quality and the airborne substances.

[0100] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a filter material for a filter body 110 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The filter body 110 has a plurality of filter layers, in particular in the filter area 111, which are arranged one after the other in the flow direction of the air 101 through the filter, wherein in particular the first filter layer facing the air supply side 102 filters more coarsely than at least one second filter layer following the first filter layer in the flow direction. As a result, coarser particles can be filtered first, while smaller particles flow through the first layer and are filtered out only later in the fine layer.

[0101] The filter body 110 or the layer comprises, in particular in the filter region 110 , a fleece as filter material, wherein the fleece comprises, in particular, the entire layer or a plurality of layers.

[0102] The filter body 110 has at least two fleece layers 201 , 203 and a filter membrane 202 arranged between the fleece layers, wherein the fleece layers 201 , 203 are arranged one above the other in a third direction z to form a layer composite, wherein in particular the middle filter membrane 202 of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers 201 , 203 .

[0103] The intermediate filter membrane 202 has corrugated sections arranged sequentially along the first direction x.

[0104] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a wave shape of a filter material according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The wave segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to each other in particular in a plane. The filter body 110 is arranged so that air can flow through the filter body 110 in a first direction x or in a second direction y. For example, the x direction is the air inflow direction of the air 101, and the wave segments extend transversely to the first direction x in the second direction y. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement and shape can be used for vibration suppression.

[0105] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a filter module 100 with a dynamic pressure gauge 402 as a sensor according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The dynamic pressure gauge 402 is configured to be able to measure the static pressure upstream of the supply side 102 in front of the filter body 110 and the static and dynamic pressures downstream of the exhaust side 103 after the filter body 110. If the velocity of the air flow is high enough, the pressure difference p1-p2 between the normal pressure sampling point upstream of the filter body 110 (pressure p1) and the dynamic pressure tube (or pitot tube) downstream of the filter body 110 (pressure p2) can be measured. The pressure in the pitot tube is given by the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure and is therefore higher than the pressure in the normal pressure sampling point in front of the filter body 110. This configuration generates a reverse pressure difference or a negative pressure difference on the filter body 110 and allows the detection of supply line blockage or flap failure.

[0106] Furthermore, a sensor 112 is shown which is arranged in particular at a distance a of more than 0.5 cm from an edge or a supporting frame of the filter body 110 acting as an outer air flow restriction 401 , so that no edge influences with air flow eddies at the sensor 112 occur.

[0107] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a filter system 150 with a filter module 100 and a plurality of filter bodies 110, 610 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The filter bodies 110, 610 each consist of, for example, a bag filter or a hose filter, wherein at least one filter body 610 consists, for example, only of a functional module, which is configured to integrate additional functions in addition to filtering. For example, at least one filter body 610 consists only of a current supply unit 611, which is particularly designed to enable current supply for a predetermined service life of the filter module 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the filter module 100 has filter bodies 110, 610 that are arranged in series one after the other.

[0108] The energy or power generation unit 611 is configured to obtain energy, for example by means of an air flow passing through the filter module 100 and / or by electromagnetic waves, which is used in particular for the operation of the sensors 112 , 113 .

[0109] Figure 6 and Figure 7 1 shows a schematic diagram of a modular filter module 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The filter module 100 has a support frame 603, which can be fixed in particular to the housing of the filter system 150. The support frame 603 can be arranged replaceably on the sensor frame 602, to which the sensors 112, 113 are fixed. In addition, the filter frame 601, to which the filter body 110 is fixed, can be fixed replaceably on the support frame 603 and / or the sensor frame 602.

[0110] The supporting frame 603 is a fixing device for the filter frame 601 and the sensor frame 602. The filter frame 601 and / or the sensor frame 602 can be replaceably fixed to the supporting frame 603. If the filter body 601 must be replaced, the filter frame 601 can be loosened from the supporting frame 603. The sensor frame 602 can remain fixed to the supporting frame 603. In addition, the sensor frame 602 with the sensors 112, 113 can also be replaced without replacing the filter frame 601.

[0111] The sensor frame 602 is arranged, for example, between the carrier frame 603 and the filter frame 601. For example, the sensor 112 can be fixed at the sensor frame 302. In addition, a spacing element 604, for example a carrier rod, can protrude from the sensor frame 602 to the center to space the sensor 112 from the edge of the sensor frame 602.

[0112] In addition, it should be noted that "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. In addition, it should be noted that features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference numerals in the claims should not be considered as limiting.

[0113] Reference numerals list

[0114] 100 Filter modules

[0115] 101 Air

[0116] 102 Air supply side

[0117] 103 Exhaust side

[0118] 104 Power supply unit

[0119] 105 Signal Connection

[0120] 106 Connecting elements

[0121] 107 Push direction

[0122] 108 Weighing device

[0123] 110 filter body

[0124] 111 Filter Area

[0125] 112 Sensors

[0126] 113 Another sensor

[0127] 114 bags

[0128] 120 Receiving device

[0129] 121 signal transmission unit

[0130] 122 Communication Unit

[0131] 130 Control unit

[0132] 140 Flow control device

[0133] 150 Filtration System

[0134] 201 Outer fleece layer

[0135] 202 Filter membrane

[0136] 203 outer flannel layer

[0137] 401 External air flow restriction

[0138] 402 Dynamic Pressure Gauge

[0139] 601 Filter Framework

[0140] 602 Sensor Framework

[0141] 603 load-bearing frame

[0142] 604 Spacer element

[0143] 610 Another filter

[0144] 611 Current supply unit

[0145] a Distance of airflow restriction

[0146] x first direction

[0147] y Second direction

[0148] z The third direction

[0149] p1 Pressure on the supply side

[0150] p2 Pressure on the exhaust side

Claims

1. A filter module (100) for filtering air (101) of at least a portion of a building or air (101) of an exhaust gas purification unit of a production process, wherein the filter module (100) comprises: a filter body (110) for filtering air-accompanying substances in the air (101) flowing through the filter body (110), and at least one sensor (112) with sensor electronics, configured to measure the value of an analysis parameter for analyzing airborne substances and / or the air quality of the air (101), The filter body (110) and the sensor (112) are constructed and arranged relative to each other so that when air flows through the filter module (100), the value of the analysis parameter measured by the sensor (112) is more than 90% of the average value of the analysis parameter of the entire airflow. The filter body (110) is constructed such that the pressure drop on the filter body (110) is less than 2500 Pascals, and the air volume per square meter of filter area per hour is less than 600 m 3 / (m 2 h) and the volume flow rate is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s.

2. The filter module (100) according to claim 1, in, The sensor (112) is configured to measure analytical parameters of gases, liquids and / or solids as airborne substances and / or air components, Therein, the analysis parameters specifically define the chemical and / or physical properties of the airborne substances, so that energy consumption, savings potential, air pollution and / or the CO2 footprint can be determined taking into account the analysis parameters.

3. The filter module (100) according to claim 1 or 2, in, The sensor (112) is designed to measure at least one analytical parameter related to air temperature, air humidity, air flow rate, air volume that can flow through, air dew point, the proportion of an airborne substance in the air (101), and an analytical parameter of the airborne substance.

4. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The filter material of the filter body (110) comprises flannel cloth. The fleece is designed to have one layer, preferably multiple layers.

5. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in, The filter module (100) is replaceably arranged in the filter system (150). The filter body (110) is in particular a disposable filter. The filter module (100) has an information element, and the information element sends a signal indicating that the filter module (100) needs to be replaced.

6. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in, The sensor (112) is arranged on the exhaust side (103) of the filter body (110).

7. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in, The sensor (112) can be operated discontinuously, in particular with a duty cycle of less than 1:10, in particular with a duty cycle of less than 1:

100.

8. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: at least one further sensor (113) with sensor electronics, in particular more than three sensors (112, 113) with corresponding sensor electronics, configured to measure the value of an analysis parameter for analyzing the airborne substance and / or the air quality of the air (101), The sensors (112, 113) are in particular configured as combination sensors for determining a plurality of analysis parameters.

9. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in, The sensor (112) has a movable structural element.

10. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in, The sensor electronics are configured to store measured analysis parameters, The filter module (100) in particular has a connecting element (106), which is mechanically and / or electrically connected to the sensor electronics and can be connected to a connection of the filter system (150). wherein the coupling element (106) is particularly configured to enable a detachable coupling to be provided between the filter module (100) and a connection portion of the filter system (150), The coupling element (106) is designed in particular such that a coupling can be automatically produced between a connection of the filter system (150) and the sensor electronics when the filter module (100) is introduced into an operating position in the filter system (150), The connecting element (106) is in particular arranged on the exhaust gas side (103) of the filter body (110).

11. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in, The sensor (112) is placed more than 0.5 cm, in particular more than 1 cm, further in particular more than 2 cm away from the outer airflow restriction (401) of the filter body (110).

12. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in, The sensor (112) is configured to measure analytical parameters that determine the energy consumption and / or CO2 footprint of the filter module (100) and / or the filter system (150), Therein, the analysis parameters are in particular selected to determine a recommendation regarding a filter replacement and / or filter cleaning, in particular if the individual parameters are configurable.

13. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in, The sensor (112) is configured to measure an analysis parameter for analyzing fine dust, In particular, the frequency of occurrence of fine dust, in particular the frequency of the diameter classes of the particles of the fine dust and / or the analysis of the composition of the fine dust, Therein, the sensor (112) is particularly configured to perform measurements in real time.

14. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in, The sensor (112) is a dynamic pressure gauge (402) and is particularly configured to measure the static pressure upstream of the filter body (110) and the static pressure and the dynamic pressure downstream of the filter body (110), and / or The sensor (112) has a microphone configured to detect a noise level in a room, so that the number and voice intensity of people speaking in the room can be determined by measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room.

15. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising: A signal transmission unit (121) is configured to transmit a signal wirelessly or by wire. The signal transmission unit (121) is particularly configured to transmit data by means of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or a building management technology protocol. In this case, based on the data, a warning signal can be generated by a control unit (130) and / or measures can be taken, in particular in relation to the throughput through the filter module (100).

16. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising: A receiving device (120) is configured to receive a unique ID, wherein the unique ID has information about the usage location of the filtering module (100), wherein the receiving device (120) is configured to read the unique ID from a QR code, a barcode, an OCR font or an RFID tag, and / or The receiving device (120) is designed to receive the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol or a building management system protocol, in particular LON or EIB, Wherein, the operation and / or configuration of the filtering module (100) can be set based on the unique ID.

17. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, in, The filter body (110) has a bag filter or a hose filter.

18. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, in, The filter body (110) comprises at least two fleece layers (201, 203) and a filter membrane (202) arranged between the fleece layers (201, 203), wherein the fleece layers (201, 203) are arranged one on top of another to form a layer composite. In particular, the middle filter membrane ( 202 ) of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers ( 201 , 203 ).

19. The filter module (100) according to claim 18, in, The first direction and the second direction define a plane, The intermediate filter membrane (202) is configured to have corrugated sections, such that the corrugated sections are arranged in sequence along a first direction. The corrugation segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to one another, in particular in the plane, and The filter body (110) is arranged such that the air (101) can flow through the filter body (110) in a first direction or in a second direction.

20. The filter module (100) according to claim 19, The filter body (110) has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm, and / or in, The number of the corrugated sections is between 0.5 and 3 corrugations per centimeter.

21. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, in, The filter body (110) is constructed of a hydrophobic filter material, and / or Wherein, the filter body (110) is constructed of natural fibers, and / or The filter body (110) comprises polyolefin, in particular polypropylene, and / or Wherein, the filter body (110) comprises cellulose, cotton and / or hemp.

22. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising: The supporting frame (603) can in particular be fixed to a housing of the filter system (150). a filter frame (601), to which the filter body (110) can be fixed, The filter frame (601) is in particular replaceably arranged on the supporting frame (603), and / or a sensor frame (602), to which at least the sensor (112) can be fixed, In this case, the sensor frame (602) is particularly replaceably arranged on the supporting frame (603).

23. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising: A weighing device (108) is provided to weigh the occupancy of the filter, in particular to enable compensation of distortions of the measured values ​​due to the pressure of the air (101) flowing through the system.

24. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, in, The filter body (110) is a bag filter, a cartridge filter, a hose filter, a candle filter, a compact filter or a HEPA filter.

25. A filtering system (150), comprising: a control unit (130), and at least one filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 24, At least one filter module (100) is connected to the control unit (130) for exchanging analysis data related to the analysis of the airborne substances and / or the air quality of the air (101).

26. The filtering system (150) according to claim 25, in, The control unit (130) has a visualization unit which is configured to visualize the analysis of the air quality and the accompanying substances in the air, in particular depending on the position of the associated filter system (150), Therein, the control unit (130) is particularly configured to generate treatment recommendations based on the air quality and the analysis of the airborne substances.

27. The filtration system (150) according to claim 25 or 26, further comprising: Flow control device (140), The flow rate of the air (101) passing through the filter body (110) and the air pressure of the air (101) on the air supply side (102) of the filter body (110) can be adjusted by means of the flow control device (140). The flow control device (140) is configured to be able to adjust the pressure drop difference between the air supply side (102) and the air exhaust side (103) of the filter body (110), in particular by means of a mechanical and / or mechatronic flow control system.

28. The filtering system (150) according to claim 27, in, The flow control device (140) is configured to make the volume flow rate per square meter of the filter area of ​​the filter module (100) lower than 140 m 3 / h, especially below 85m 3 / h, preferably less than 50m 3 / h.

29. The filtering system (150) according to claim 28, in, The flow control device (140) is configured so that the volume flow rate is in the range of 0.2 m / s to 3.4 m / s, in particular between 0.1 m / s and 5 m / s, in particular between 0.3 m / s and 2.8 m / s, and / or in at least one operating mode, the pressure drop on the filter module (100) is less than 450 Pa, in particular less than 250 Pa, preferably less than 150 Pa.

30. The filtration system (150) according to any one of claims 25 to 29, further comprising: a receiving device having a receiving area for receiving the filter module (100), Wherein, at least one receiving area is configured to receive a filtering module (100) or a functional unit, The functional unit comprises in particular a power supply device for supplying electrical energy to the sensor (112) and the sensor electronics.

31. The filtration system (150) according to any one of claims 25 to 30, further comprising: Memory module for storing data, wherein the data indicate a value of the analysis parameter, in particular at least one analysis parameter selected from the group consisting of: an air flow through the filter system (150), a temperature of the through-flowing air, a pressure of the through-flowing air, in particular an absolute pressure and / or a pressure difference, a filter occupancy of the filter body (110), a humidity of the through-flowing air, an aerosol load and a PM content of the through-flowing air, The memory module is configured such that the memory module can be connected to a reading device outside the filter system (150) to read out the data.

32. The filtration system (150) according to any one of claims 25 to 31, further comprising: a covering device configured to selectively cover an air inlet on the air supply side (102) of the filter system (150), The covering device is particularly configured such that when the filter module (100) is replaced, the covering device automatically covers the air inlet.

33. A method for filtering the air (101) of at least a part of a building or the air (101) of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process using a replaceable filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

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