Improvement method for continuous cropping soil of rubber garden

Abstract

The invention relates to an improvement method for continuous cropping soil of a rubber garden, and belongs to the technical field of rubber garden soil management. The method comprises the following steps: in a dry season, digging a strip-shaped ditch parallel to a rubber planting belt in the middle of a rubber circular protection belt with the gradient of less than 30 degrees; the depth of the strip-shaped ditches is 50-70 cm, and the width of the strip-shaped ditches is 70-100 cm; applying farmyard manure subjected to stack retting fermentation into the strip-shaped ditches, and applying farmyard manure with the pH value larger than 7 if the soil is slightly acidic; if the soil is slightly alkaline, farmyard manure with the pH value smaller than 7 is applied; the application amount is 19-21 kg / plant; and after fertilization, covering a layer of soil. The method can increase organic matters and nutrient elements of the rubber garden soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, cultivate beneficial microbial flora of the soil, increase contact between soil fertilizer and absorption root systems of rubber trees, improve water retention and fertilizer retention functions of the rubber garden and the like, so that the purposes of improving the quality of the rubber garden soil, keeping healthy growth of the rubber trees and guaranteeing sustainable rubber tapping are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber plantation soil management, relates to a method for improving the quality of low-quality rubber plantation soil, and specifically relates to a method for improving continuous cropping soil in rubber plantations. Background Art

[0002] When the same type or family of crops are continuously cultivated in the same soil, even under normal cultivation and management conditions, there will be phenomena such as weak growth, reduced yield, deteriorated quality, and serious pests and diseases, which is called continuous cropping disorder. A rubber tree planting cycle is as long as 40-50 years. In addition, due to the precious resources in my country's tropical areas, rubber trees must be replanted after the rubber plantation is renewed. As a result, the first generation of old rubber plantations in my country's rubber planting areas and the second and third generation rubber plantations after renewal have shown serious continuous cropping disorders, which are mainly manifested as: 1. The incidence of dead bark on rubber trees has increased significantly.

[0003] Wang Zhenhui and others conducted a survey on my country's rubber planting areas, which showed that the average dead bark rate of rubber trees nationwide was as high as 24.71%, and the rate of suspension of harvesting was 14.55%; the rate of dead bark in state-owned farms above level 3 in Yunnan was 20.77%. After 2009, the incidence of dead bark in rubber plantations continued to rise year by year. The results of a survey conducted by the Xishuangbanna State Committee of the China Democratic League on rubber planting areas in Yunnan Province in 2023 showed that state-owned units that abandoned management and harvesting due to the large number of dead bark trees accounted for 48.28% of the surveyed units, and private rubber planting households accounted for 27.59%. The "Rules for the Implementation of Rubber Tree Cultivation Technical Regulations" formulated by Yunnan Agricultural Reclamation in 2003 stipulate that the rate of newly added dead bark plants of level 4-5 in the year should be less than 0.5% for rubber trees less than 10 years old, and less than 0.75% for middle-aged trees greater than 10 years old; at present, the dead bark rate in the rubber planting areas of our province has been significantly higher than the prescribed requirements, and the average suspension rate of 10-year-old rubber trees is greater than 20%.

[0004] 2. The dry glue output per unit area has decreased significantly.

[0005] The natural rubber yield in Xishuangbanna Reclamation Area set a world record in 1995, with an average yield of 121.62 kg per mu. Since then, the average yield per mu has ranked first in the world for nine consecutive years. In 2003, the average yield per mu of 810,000 mu of rubber harvested in Xishuangbanna Reclamation Area reached 138.37 kg. In 2022, the natural rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Prefecture was 4.5265 million mu, of which 3.6727 million mu were harvested, with a dry rubber output of 335,300 tons and an average dry rubber output of 91.30 kg per mu. It can be seen that the dry rubber output has seriously declined.

[0006] 3. The soil in the rubber plantation is seriously acidified, the organic matter content has decreased significantly, and the soil flora has deteriorated.

[0007] Most of the rubber forests in Yunnan Province are reclaimed from secondary rainforests and barren mountains. At the beginning of reclamation, the soil fertility was high and the structure was good. However, after many years of rubber planting, continuous and high-intensity human management such as continuous cropping, fertilization, weeding, spraying pesticides, and rubber tapping disturbed the structure and diversity of soil microbial populations, resulting in a series of problems such as soil acidification, organic matter decline, unbalanced soil nutrient supply, and serious diseases in rubber forests. Tang Xianhui et al. conducted a large-scale soil survey of rubber plantations in the three major rubber planting areas in my country and found that the soil nutrients in rubber plantations declined over a large area and the acidification trend was obvious. Li Jun et al.'s research showed that as the age of rubber trees increases, the number of bacteria, the number of actinomycetes, and the total amount of soil microorganisms gradually decrease, and the number of fungi shows a "Λ" type change trend, and each indicator is the lowest in the old age group. Therefore, before causing large-scale dead skin in rubber plantations, it is urgent to implement effective measures to overcome continuous cropping obstacles and improve the quality of rubber plantation soil to stabilize the output of natural rubber.

[0008] At present, the main method of fertilizing rubber plantations is to dig fertilizer pits between the rubber tapes. The fertilizers used are mainly chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers prepared by factories. Since the underground growth of the rubber tapes in the rubber plantations is mainly the thick supporting roots used by the rubber trees for support, which do not have the absorption function, digging pits in the rubber tapes for fertilization is not conducive to the absorption of nutrients by rubber trees. Although the application of chemical fertilizers can quickly increase the available nutrients in the soil, the long-term application of chemical fertilizers causes the soil to become compacted and acidified, which in turn leads to an imbalance in the soil flora and a significant decrease in the function of the rubber plantation soil to feed rubber trees. The organic fertilizers prepared by the factory usually do not meet the standards for nutrients, lack the function of solution buffer, and have no obvious effect on alleviating acidification.

[0009] Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of rubber plantation soil management technology. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for improving soil in rubber plantations.

[0011] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for improving soil in rubber plantations comprising the following steps: In the dry season, a strip ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is dug in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt with a slope less than 30°; The strip groove is 50-70cm deep and 70-100cm wide; Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 19-21kg / plant. After fertilizing, cover the strips with another layer of excavated soil.

[0012] Furthermore, preferably, in the rubber planting area of ​​Yunnan, the dry season is from December to March of the following year.

[0013] Furthermore, preferably, the farmyard manure includes cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken dung.

[0014] Further, preferably, the thickness of the covering soil is 10-20 cm.

[0015] Further, it is preferred that the excavated strip-shaped trench is not backfilled. That is, after covering the excavated soil of the previous layer, it is still not backfilled, and still maintains the strip-shaped trench, which plays the function of blocking water and fertilizer.

[0016] The farmyard manure of the present invention comprises excrement of livestock and poultry such as cow dung, sheep dung, chicken dung, etc., so as to increase soil organic matter and nutrient elements, adjust soil pH value and cultivate beneficial microorganisms.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for improving soil in rubber plantations, which can be used for soil improvement in low-yield and high dead skin incidence rubber plantations to improve soil quality in rubber plantations, increase dry rubber yield in rubber plantations, and reduce dead skin incidence in rubber plantations. It increases organic matter and nutrients in rubber plantation soil, reduces soil pH, cultivates beneficial microbial flora in the soil, increases contact between soil fertilizer and rubber tree absorbing roots, improves water and fertilizer retention in rubber plantations, and achieves the goal of improving soil quality in rubber plantations. The present invention is suitable for land with a slope of less than 30 0 Soil management in various rubber plantations.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: According to the fact that the absorbing roots of rubber trees in the rubber plantation are mainly distributed at the crown drip line position, and the crown drip line of the rubber plantation after row closure is mainly located in the middle position of the protection belt, a strip fertilizer ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is excavated in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt, and farmyard manure after composting and fermentation is applied in the ditch to increase the organic matter and nutrient elements of the rubber plantation soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, cultivate beneficial microbial flora in the soil, increase the contact between the soil fertilizer and the absorbing root system of the rubber tree, and enhance the water and fertilizer retention functions of the rubber plantation, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the soil quality of the rubber plantation, maintaining the healthy growth of the rubber trees, and ensuring sustainable rubber tapping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 These are the soil improvement pictures of the rubber plantation in the application example; among them, (a) is the picture of excavating strip fertilizer ditches in the protection zone; (b) is the picture of applying fermented cow dung. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0021] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used. If the manufacturer of the materials or equipment used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased. Example 1

[0022] A method for improving soil in rubber plantations comprising the following steps: In the dry season, a strip ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is dug in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt with a slope less than 30°; The strip groove is 55-65cm deep and 80-90cm wide; Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 20kg / plant. After fertilizing, cover the strips with another layer of excavated soil. Example 2

[0023] A method for improving soil in rubber plantations comprising the following steps: In the dry season, a strip ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is dug in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt with a slope less than 30°; The strip groove is 50-60cm deep and 70-80cm wide; Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 19kg / plant. After fertilizing, cover the strips with another layer of excavated soil.

[0024] In the rubber-planting areas of Yunnan, the dry season is from December to March of the following year.

[0025] Farmyard manure includes cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken manure.

[0026] The thickness of the covered soil is 10-15cm.

[0027] The excavated strip trenches are not backfilled. Example 3

[0028] A method for improving soil in rubber plantations comprising the following steps: In the dry season, a strip ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is dug in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt with a slope less than 30°; The strip groove is 60-70cm deep and 90-100cm wide; Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 21kg / plant. After fertilizing, cover the strips with another layer of excavated soil.

[0029] In the rubber-planting areas of Yunnan, the dry season is from December to March of the following year.

[0030] Farmyard manure includes cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken manure.

[0031] The thickness of the covered soil is 15-20cm.

[0032] The excavated strip trenches are not backfilled. Example 4

[0033] A method for improving soil in rubber plantations comprising the following steps: In the dry season, a strip ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is dug in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt with a slope less than 30°; The strip groove is 54-68cm deep and 75-95cm wide; Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 20kg / plant. After fertilizing, cover the strips with another layer of excavated soil.

[0034] In the rubber-planting areas of Yunnan, the dry season is from December to March of the following year.

[0035] Farmyard manure includes cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken manure.

[0036] The thickness of the covered soil is 12-18cm.

[0037] The excavated strip trenches are not backfilled.

[0038] Application Examples In the dry season (December to March in the rubber planting area of ​​Yunnan), a small excavator is used to dig a strip ditch 50-70cm deep and 70-100cm wide in the middle of the rubber garden protection belt with a slope less than 30°, parallel to the rubber planting belt.

[0039] Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure, such as cow dung and sheep dung, in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 20kg / plant. After fertilization, cover with a layer of soil 10-20cm thick. Figure 1 shown.

[0040] Digging strip fertilizer trenches in the rubber plantation protection zone can not only apply fertilizer to the main distribution position of rubber tree absorbing roots to increase fertilizer efficiency, but also block water and fertilizer to prevent soil erosion. Farmyard manure is rich in organic matter and nutrients, and can also buffer and regulate soil pH. When the soil is rich in organic matter and the pH value is normal, the soil microbial flora also returns to normal, which is conducive to the healthy growth of rubber trees and sustainable rubber production.

[0041] At the end of 2023, the applicant will rely on the rural revitalization project "Science and Technology Special Team of Mengpeng Town, Mengban Town (Shangyong Town) of Mengla County, Yunnan Province" (Project No. 202304BI090032-29) to select 100 mu of rubber plantation in Manbasan Village, Mengpeng Town, Mengla County, Yunnan Province for tapping, implement the protection belt to dig fertilizer ditches, and apply composted and fermented cow dung at a rate of 20 kg / plant. The dry rubber output in 2024 will increase by 15% per mu compared with 2023, and the annual incidence of dead bark of grade 4-5 will drop from the original 1.5% to 0.00%. According to the survey, rubber tappers reported that the bark of rubber trees has become softer than before fertilization, making it easier to tap rubber. The softening of the bark is the result of the reduction of stone cells, indicating that the bark structure of rubber trees has become healthier.

[0042] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil in rubber plantations, characterized in that: The steps include: In the dry season, a strip ditch parallel to the rubber planting belt is dug in the middle of the rubber plantation protection belt with a slope less than 30°; The strip groove is 50-70cm deep and 70-100cm wide; Apply composted and fermented farmyard manure in the strip furrows. If the soil is acidic, apply farmyard manure with a pH value greater than 7; if the soil is alkaline, apply farmyard manure with a pH value less than 7. The application amount is 19-21kg / plant. After fertilizing, cover the strips with another layer of excavated soil.

2. The method for improving soil in rubber plantations according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the rubber-planting areas of Yunnan, the dry season is from December to March of the following year.

3. The method for improving soil in rubber plantations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Farmyard manure includes cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken manure.

4. The method for improving soil in rubber plantations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the covered soil is 10-20cm.

5. The method for improving soil in rubber plantations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavated strip trenches are not backfilled.

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