Three-dimensional breeding method for crayfishes

Abstract

A three-dimensional breeding method for crayfishes comprises the steps that two stand columns are fixed in a crayfish breeding pond, inclined columns are arranged on one sides of the two stand columns respectively, cross beams are arranged at the top ends of the stand columns, a wedge-shaped crayfish breeding frame body is formed, and at least two supporting beams are arranged between the two inclined columns. A complete breeding groove and an incomplete breeding groove are formed in the crayfish breeding frame body, and a filter screen is laid on the inclined face, located between the complete breeding groove and the incomplete breeding groove, of the crayfish breeding frame body; a plurality of three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities are installed in the crayfish breeding pond, after installation is completed, the complete breeding tank and the incomplete breeding tank are filled with pond bottom mud of the crayfish breeding pond, aquatic plants are planted, meanwhile, the aquatic plants are planted at the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond, and crayfishes are bred. The method has the advantages that the utilization rate of the pond culture space can be fully increased, the probability of oxygen deficit and water quality deterioration caused by too high local crayfish density can be reduced, and the survival rate and growth rate of the crayfishes are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a three-dimensional breeding method for crayfish, and belongs to the field of freshwater breeding. Technical Background

[0002] Crayfish, scientific name Procambarus clarkii ( Procambarus clarkii ), as an arthropod native to North America, is now widely distributed around the world and has become an important economic breeding species in many countries and regions. The crayfish industry has extremely high economic value in China. It is a popular ingredient in the catering market, and the demand continues to grow, which has promoted the rapid expansion of the crayfish farming industry.

[0003] Among the crayfish farming models, pond intensive farming is a widely adopted efficient and sustainable farming method. Through scientific management and technical means, such as reasonable feeding, water quality control, disease prevention and control, etc., an optimal growth environment can be provided for crayfish, thereby significantly improving their yield and quality. In addition, in the Northeast region, due to the cold climate, in order to achieve off-season sales of crayfish, indoor pond overwintering farming has become an important farming model. This model provides a suitable growth environment for crayfish through a closed indoor environment, using ponds (earth ponds) constructed with soil, and artificially controlling environmental conditions such as temperature, light, and water quality to ensure that they can be farmed in the cold winter.

[0004] At present, in the two modes of crayfish farming technology - intensive pond farming and indoor wintering farming, crayfish mostly gather at the bottom of the pond. This aggregation phenomenon not only makes the farming space underutilized, but also easily causes the local density of crayfish to be too high, which in turn leads to local hypoxia and water quality deterioration in the farming water. These problems not only affect the normal growth and development of crayfish, but also reduce their yield and quality, thus restricting the economic benefits of crayfish farming enterprises and industries.

[0005] Therefore, in order to overcome the problems existing in existing breeding technology and improve the yield and quality of crayfish, it is urgent to develop a new type of breeding facilities and supporting breeding technology that can fully utilize the pond breeding space and optimize the breeding environment. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional breeding facility and a supporting breeding method for crayfish, which can not only fully improve the utilization rate of pond breeding space, but also reduce the probability of hypoxia and water quality deterioration caused by excessive local crayfish density, thereby improving the survival rate and growth rate of crayfish.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: A three-dimensional breeding facility for crayfish and a supporting breeding method, the specific steps of which are as follows: (1) Constructing three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities Two upright posts are fixed in the crayfish breeding pond, inclined posts are respectively arranged on one side of the two upright posts, a crossbeam is arranged at the top of the upright post to form a wedge-shaped crayfish breeding frame, at least two supporting beams are arranged between the two inclined posts, a complete breeding tank is installed at the bottom end of a rectangle surrounded by the uppermost supporting beam, the crossbeam and the two inclined posts, an incomplete breeding tank is installed at the bottom end of a rectangle surrounded by the lowermost supporting beam, the crossbeam and the two inclined posts, a filter screen is laid on the inclined surface of the crayfish breeding frame between the complete breeding tank and the incomplete breeding tank, the complete breeding tank is surrounded by a bottom wall and four side walls arranged on the upper end face of the bottom wall, the incomplete breeding tank is composed of a bottom wall and three side walls arranged on the upper end face of the bottom wall, and the side of the incomplete breeding tank lacking the side wall abuts against the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond; (2) Layout of three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities Install several three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities in the crayfish breeding ponds. After installation, fill the complete breeding tanks and incomplete breeding tanks with pond mud from the crayfish breeding ponds; and lay out aeration equipment in the crayfish breeding ponds; (3) Disinfect ponds and plant aquatic plants Disinfect the pond bottom mud in the crayfish breeding pond, complete breeding tank and incomplete breeding tank, remove harmful organisms, inject water into the crayfish breeding pond to ensure that the water level submerges the top of the three-dimensional breeding facility, plant aquatic plants at the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond, complete breeding tank and incomplete breeding tank, and the coverage rate of aquatic plants in the complete breeding tank, incomplete breeding tank and breeding pond is 30%-70%, so that the crayfish can avoid the invasion of harmful organisms and live there when molting; (4) Stocking shrimp fry Select 4-6 cm crayfish seedlings and place them in crayfish breeding ponds at a density of 6,000 crayfish per mu of actual breeding area. The actual breeding area is calculated based on the area covered by the pond bottom mud. (5) Daily management Regularly observe and inspect crayfish ponds, take timely and reasonable measures for feeding, water quality control and disease prevention, and regularly change and disinfect water to ensure the health of crayfish; (6) Fishing for adult shrimp After 3-5 months of breeding, the crayfish are harvested and transformed into adult shrimps.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle between the inclined surface of the crayfish breeding facility and the bottom surface of the crayfish breeding facility is 30°.

[0009] Furthermore, the length of the crossbeam is 2.0-4.0 meters, the height of the column is 1.0-2.0 meters, and the length of the inclined column is 2.2-4.5 meters.

[0010] Further, the length of the complete breeding tank is the same as the length of the crossbeam, the width is 0.75-1.5 meters, and the height is 0.3-0.5 meters. Further, the length of the incomplete breeding tank is the same as the length of the crossbeam, the width is 0.9-1.75 meters, and the depth is 0.3-0.5 meters.

[0011] Furthermore, the filter is a PVC filter, the mesh of the filter is designed to be rectangular, the width range is 1.0-2.5 cm, the length range is 2.0-3.0 cm, and it is customized according to the individual size of crayfish to ensure that crayfish cannot pass through the mesh but tiny baits can pass through smoothly.

[0012] Furthermore, the aquatic plants are one or more of Elodea, Vallisneria and Hydrilla verticillata.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle between the side plate and the bottom plate of the incomplete breeding trough fixed below the support beam is 154°.

[0014] Furthermore, the total bottom area of ​​the installed three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities accounts for 30%-60% of the bottom area of ​​the crayfish breeding pond.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the traditional crayfish breeding technology, the application of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Make full use of the breeding space to increase the production of crayfish. Based on the principle of reasonable layout and not hindering the breeding operation, it is laid out within 30%-60% of the bottom area of ​​the pond. The crayfish breeding area can be increased by 40-60%, and the amount of crayfish seedlings in the pond can be further increased. Combined with supporting breeding technology, the per-acre yield of crayfish can be increased by about 20%, achieving greater economic benefits.

[0016] 2. Reduce the density of crayfish and prevent the deterioration of the breeding environment. Since the three-dimensional breeding facilities are in close contact with the bottom of the pond, it is conducive to the free movement of crayfish on the bottom of the pond and the three-dimensional breeding facilities, reducing the aggregation of crayfish and preventing the occurrence of adverse environmental problems such as low oxygen content caused by excessive local density.

[0017] 3. The equipment has a simple structure and low construction and maintenance costs. The breeding facility has a simple structure, hard material, low construction cost, is not easy to damage, and can be reused. Due to the increase in breeding output, the breeding cost of crayfish is greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a three-dimensional crayfish breeding facility.

[0019] In the figure: 1-vertical column, 2-inclined column, 3-complete breeding trough, 4-incomplete breeding trough, 5-filter, 6-crossbeam, 7-support beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical means and creative features implemented by the present invention, Figure 1 And examples are given to illustrate the application of the present invention in detail.

[0021] Example 1 (1) Constructing three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities Two upright posts 1 are fixed in a crayfish breeding pond, inclined posts 2 are respectively arranged on one side of the two upright posts 1, a crossbeam 6 is arranged at the top of the upright post 11 to form a wedge-shaped crayfish breeding frame, at least two supporting beams 7 are arranged between the two inclined posts 2, a complete breeding trough 3 is installed at the bottom end of a rectangle surrounded by the uppermost supporting beam 7, the crossbeam 6 and the two inclined posts 2, an incomplete breeding trough 4 is installed at the bottom end of a rectangle surrounded by the lowermost supporting beam 7, the crossbeam 6 and the two inclined posts 2, a filter screen 4 is laid on the inclined surface of the crayfish breeding frame between the complete breeding trough 3 and the incomplete breeding trough 4, the complete breeding trough 3 is surrounded by a bottom wall and four side walls arranged on the upper end face of the bottom wall, the incomplete breeding trough 4 is composed of a bottom wall and three side walls arranged on the upper end face of the bottom wall, and the side of the incomplete breeding trough 4 lacking the side wall abuts against the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond; The angle between the inclined surface of the crayfish breeding facility and the bottom surface of the crayfish breeding facility is 30°; the length of the crossbeam 6 is 2.0-4.0 meters, the height of the column 11 is 1.0-2.0 meters, and the length of the inclined column 2 is 2.3-4.5 meters; the length of the complete breeding tank 3 is the same as the length of the crossbeam 6, the width is 0.75-1.5 meters, and the height is 0.3-0.5 meters; the length of the incomplete breeding tank 4 is the same as the length of the crossbeam 6, the width is 0.9-1.75 meters, and the depth is 0.3-0.5 meters; the filter screen 4 is a PVC filter screen 4, and the mesh of the filter screen 4 is designed to be rectangular, with a width range of 1.0-2.5 cm and a length range of 2.0-3.0 cm, which is customized according to the individual size of the crayfish to ensure that the crayfish cannot pass through the mesh but the fine bait can pass through smoothly; the angle between the side plate and the bottom plate of the incomplete breeding tank 4 fixed to the bottom of the support beam 7 is 154°; In this embodiment, the size of the crayfish breeding pond is 160×34×3.0 meters, and the water depth of the crayfish breeding pond is 1.5 meters; accordingly, the size of the three-dimensional breeding facility is designed to be 2.0 meters long for the crossbeam 6, 1.0 meters high for the column 1, and 2.25 meters long for the inclined column 2; one end of the crossbeam 6 is welded to one column 1 and one inclined column 2, and the other end of the crossbeam 6 is welded to another column 1 and one inclined column 2; The length of the complete breeding tank 3 is designed to be 2.0 meters, the width is 0.75 meters, and the depth is 0.5 meters, while the length of the incomplete breeding tank 4 is 2.0 meters, the width is 0.88 meters, and the depth is 0.5 meters; the materials of the complete breeding tank 3 and the incomplete breeding tank 4 are both PVC, and the complete breeding tank 3 is fixed to the top of the inclined column 2, and the long side of the complete breeding tank 3 is in close contact with the crossbeam 6 through the hook to prevent it from slipping; the incomplete breeding tank 4 is installed at the lower part of the inclined column 2 to ensure that the side of the incomplete breeding tank 4 without the side wall is in contact with the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond; The mesh size of the PVC filter 5 laid between the complete breeding tank 3 and the incomplete breeding tank 4 is 1.0×2.0 cm, and the filter 5 is hung on the crayfish breeding frame through a hook; (2) Layout of three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities Several three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities are installed in the crayfish breeding pond. In this embodiment, according to the pond size, the three-dimensional breeding facilities are installed in the crayfish breeding pond according to the following layout: 7 rows are arranged, the row spacing is 2 meters, 70 units are installed in each row, and a total of 490 three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities are installed. The pond area coverage rate is 36.0%, and the actual breeding area (calculated by the coverage area of ​​the pond bottom mud) is increased by 58.7% compared with before installation. The actual breeding area is 8633.28 square meters. The complete breeding tank 3 and the incomplete breeding tank 4 are filled with pond bottom mud of the crayfish breeding pond for cultivating aquatic plants; an aeration device is arranged in the crayfish breeding pond; (3) Disinfect ponds and plant aquatic plants The pond bottom mud in the crayfish breeding pond, the complete breeding tank 3 and the incomplete breeding tank 4 is disinfected with quicklime, the amount of quicklime is 80kg / mu of the actual breeding area, and after disinfection, it is exposed to the sun for 7 days and the harmful organisms are removed; water is poured into the pond, the water level is controlled at more than 1.5 meters, and Vallisneria and Hydrilla verticillata are cultivated at the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond, the complete breeding tank 3 and the incomplete breeding tank 4 by transplanting and sowing, so as to facilitate the crayfish to avoid harmful organisms and live there when molting; (4) Stocking shrimp fry Select crayfish seedlings of uniform size, strong physique, complete appendages, free of disease and injury, with a size of 4-6 cm, and release them into crayfish breeding ponds at a stocking density of 6,000 per mu of the actual breeding area, with a total stocking of 77,700. The actual breeding area is calculated based on the coverage area of ​​the pond bottom mud; (5) Daily management Feed crayfish feed regularly with fish, snails, and soybean meal bait. The daily feeding amount is 3% of the crayfish's surviving weight. Adjust the feeding amount in time according to the feeding level. Patrol the pond every morning and evening to observe the shrimp's activities, feeding, and water quality. Ensure good water quality by adding probiotics and quicklime, change the water regularly for disinfection, and ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water by turning on the aeration equipment. (6) Fishing for adult shrimp After 3-5 months of breeding, the adult crayfish are harvested; in this embodiment, after 5 months of breeding, crayfish with a uniform harvest specification of more than 40g / piece are harvested and sold, with an acreage yield of up to 168kg, and the rest continue to be cultured in the pond.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 The pond size and water depth used in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1, the pond size is 160×34×3.0 meters, and the aquaculture water depth is 1.5 meters; In this comparative example, there is no three-dimensional breeding facility, and the actual breeding area is 5440 m2; The steps of disinfecting the pond and planting aquatic plants are the same as those in Example 1; The specification of the crayfish seedlings released was 4-6cm, and 6,000 shrimp seedlings were released per mu of actual breeding area, with a total release of 48,900 shrimp seedlings; the daily management was the same as in Example 1. After 5 months of breeding, crayfish with a specification of more than 40g per piece were caught and sold, with an output of 140kg per mu. The rest continued to be cultured in the pond, and the yield per mu was significantly lower than that in Example 1.

[0023] The breeding method of the present invention fully improves the utilization rate of pond breeding space, and can reduce the probability of hypoxia and water quality deterioration caused by excessive local crayfish density, thereby improving the survival rate and growth rate of crayfish, thereby correspondingly increasing the per-acre yield of crayfish, and the total output of crayfish pond breeding is also greatly improved.

[0024] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional breeding method for crayfish, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Constructing three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities Two upright posts are fixed in the crayfish breeding pond, inclined posts are respectively arranged on one side of the two upright posts, a crossbeam is arranged at the top of the upright post to form a wedge-shaped crayfish breeding frame, at least two supporting beams are arranged between the two inclined posts, a complete breeding tank is installed at the bottom end of a rectangle surrounded by the uppermost supporting beam, the crossbeam and the two inclined posts, an incomplete breeding tank is installed at the bottom end of a rectangle surrounded by the lowermost supporting beam, the crossbeam and the two inclined posts, a filter screen is laid on the inclined surface of the crayfish breeding frame between the complete breeding tank and the incomplete breeding tank, the complete breeding tank is surrounded by a bottom wall and four side walls arranged on the upper end face of the bottom wall, the incomplete breeding tank is composed of a bottom wall and three side walls arranged on the upper end face of the bottom wall, and the side of the incomplete breeding tank lacking the side wall abuts against the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond; (2) Layout of three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities Install several three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities in the crayfish breeding ponds. After installation, fill the complete breeding tanks and incomplete breeding tanks with pond mud from the crayfish breeding ponds; and lay out aeration equipment in the crayfish breeding ponds; (3) Disinfect ponds and plant aquatic plants Disinfect the pond bottom mud in the crayfish breeding pond, complete breeding tank and incomplete breeding tank, remove harmful organisms, inject water into the crayfish breeding pond to ensure that the water level submerges the top of the three-dimensional breeding facility, plant aquatic plants at the bottom of the crayfish breeding pond, complete breeding tank and incomplete breeding tank, and the coverage rate of aquatic plants in the complete breeding tank, incomplete breeding tank and breeding pond is 30%-70%, so as to facilitate the crayfish to avoid harmful organisms and live when molting; (4) Stocking shrimp fry Select 4-6 cm crayfish seedlings and place them in crayfish breeding ponds at a density of 6,000 crayfish per mu of actual breeding area. The actual breeding area is calculated based on the area covered by the pond bottom mud. (5) Daily management Regularly observe and inspect crayfish ponds, take timely and reasonable measures for feeding, water quality control and disease prevention, and regularly change and disinfect water to ensure the health of crayfish; (6) Fishing for adult shrimp After 3-5 months of breeding, the crayfish are harvested and transformed into adult shrimps.

2. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined surface of the crayfish breeding facility and the bottom surface of the crayfish breeding facility is 30°.

3. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the crossbeam is 2.0-4.0 meters, the height of the column is 1.0-2.0 meters, and the length of the inclined column is 2.2-4.5 meters.

4. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the complete breeding trough is the same as the length of the crossbeam, the width is 0.75-1.5 meters, and the height is 0.3-0.5 meters.

5. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1 is characterized by: The length of the incomplete breeding trough is the same as the length of the crossbeam, the width is 0.9-1.75 meters, and the depth is 0.3-0.5 meters.

6. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1 is characterized by: The filter is a PVC filter, the mesh of the filter is designed to be rectangular, the width range is 1.0-2.5 cm, the length range is 2.0-3.0 cm, and it is customized according to the individual size of the crayfish to ensure that the crayfish cannot pass through the mesh but the tiny bait can pass through smoothly.

7. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1 is characterized by: The aquatic plants are one or more of Elodea nutans, Vallisneria ovata and Hydrilla verticillata.

8. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the side plate and the bottom plate of the incomplete breeding trough fixed below the support beam is 154°.

9. The three-dimensional culture method of crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total bottom area of ​​the installed three-dimensional crayfish breeding facilities accounts for 30%-60% of the bottom area of ​​the crayfish breeding pond.

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