Selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed and preparation method thereof
By preparing and adding selenium nanoparticle microspheres to aquatic feed, the problem of low selenium addition efficiency in existing aquatic feeds has been solved, achieving more efficient selenium utilization and improved fish growth and meat quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411897375.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-11
AI Technical Summary
The addition of selenium to existing aquatic feeds is inefficient and cannot fully realize its role in promoting growth and enhancing immunity in aquatic animals.
A method for preparing selenium-containing nanoparticle microspheres was adopted. Selenium nanoparticles were encapsulated with materials such as gelatin, dextran, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan. Selenium nanoparticle microspheres were prepared by electrospinning or microfluidic technology and then added to aquatic feed to form granular feed with a particle size of 1-5 mm.
It improved the utilization efficiency of selenium, reduced feed consumption, increased the growth rate and meat quality of fish, and improved the muscle firmness, elasticity and chewiness of fish.
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Figure CN119586697A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the preparation of aquatic feed, in particular to a selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, the development of aquaculture is still booming. The demand for aquaculture feed is not only reflected in quantity, but also has new requirements for quality control. This can save energy and obtain higher profits while meeting the quality of aquatic products.
[0003] As one of the important trace elements in feed, selenium plays an important role in promoting the growth of aquatic animals, maintaining the body's antioxidant capacity and improving the body's immune capacity. It provides a new direction for reducing costs in the aquaculture industry and a new idea for improving fish quality. Therefore, how to better add selenium to feed to give full play to its role has become a problem that needs to be solved continuously in the industry. Summary of the invention
[0004] The invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art of adding selenium to aquatic feed and provides a selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed and a preparation method thereof.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions: A method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres, comprising the following steps: Step S1, preparation of selenium nanoparticles; Step S2, dissolving the selenium nanoparticles to prepare freeze-dried selenium nanoparticle microspheres; Step S3, adding the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticle microspheres into aquatic feed to prepare aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres.
[0006] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes the following steps: Step S11, dissolving gelatin, dextran, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, modified chitosan or sodium alginate to obtain a corresponding solution A, wherein the modified chitosan can be carboxymethyl chitosan or quaternary ammonium salt chitosan; Step S12, adding sodium selenite to solution A to obtain solution B; Step S13, adding polyphenol compounds to solution B to obtain solution C; Step S14, dialyzing the solution C and then freeze-drying it to obtain freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles.
[0007] Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: Step S21, dissolving the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles to obtain dissolved selenium nanoparticles; Step S22, after the selenium nanoparticles dissolved in step S21 are blended with methacrylated gelatin, methacrylated hyaluronic acid or sodium alginate, the mixed solution is prepared into microspheres by microfluidics technology or electrospinning technology, and finally washed, recovered and freeze-dried to obtain dry selenium nanoparticle microspheres.
[0008] Preferably, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: Step S31, mixing the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticle microspheres and the aquatic feed evenly; Step S32: using a small feed pelletizing machine to make aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres, wherein the aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres is a pellet feed with a particle size of 1-5 mm.
[0009] Preferably, the gelatin is dissolved in step S11 by using phosphate buffer or deionized water as a solvent at a temperature of 37-60° C., and the concentration of the obtained gelatin solution is 0.5-5% (w / v); The chitosan or modified chitosan is dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution containing acetic acid or hydrochloric acid or deionized water as a solvent at room temperature overnight, and the concentration of the obtained chitosan solution or modified chitosan solution is 0.05-1.25% (w / v); The dissolution method of dextran, hyaluronic acid or sodium alginate is to use phosphate buffer or deionized water at room temperature to dissolve the dextran solution at a concentration of 0.1-2%, the hyaluronic acid solution at a concentration of 0.2-5% (w / v), and the sodium alginate solution at a concentration of 0.1-5% (w / v).
[0010] Preferably, the concentration of sodium selenite in step S12 is 0.02-0.05M.
[0011] Preferably, the polyphenolic compounds in step S13 include any one of dopamine with a concentration of 0.1-4 M, anthocyanin with a concentration of 0.05-0.2 M, quercetin with a concentration of 0.5-4 M, and tea polyphenols with a concentration of 0.45-1.2 M. Polyphenolic compounds can have certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can significantly improve the production performance of animals, etc., improve the body's disease resistance, and improve its body's immune function.
[0012] Preferably, the specific method of preparing selenium nanoparticle microspheres after blending the dissolved selenium nanoparticles with sodium alginate and freeze-drying in step S21 is: After the dissolved selenium nanoparticles are mixed with sodium alginate, sodium alginate microspheres rich in selenium nanoparticles are prepared by electrospinning technology, the microspheres are electrosprayed into a calcium chloride solution for solidification, and finally the microspheres are washed with deionized water and recovered and freeze-dried to obtain dry selenium nanoparticle microspheres; wherein the mass ratio of selenium nanoparticles to sodium alginate is 1:100-1:50; The specific method of preparing selenium nanoparticle microspheres after blending the dissolved selenium nanoparticles with methacryloyl gelatin or methacryloyl hyaluronic acid and freeze-drying is as follows: After mixing selenium nanoparticles with methacryloyl gelatin or methacryloyl hyaluronic acid, selenium nanoparticle microspheres are prepared by microfluidic technology, and then UV curing and washing and recovery with petroleum ether, ethanol, etc. are carried out, and dry selenium nanoparticle microspheres are obtained after freeze-drying; wherein the mass ratio of selenium nanoparticles to methacryloyl gelatin is 1:500-1:250, and the mass ratio of selenium nanoparticles to methacryloyl hyaluronic acid is 1:200-1:50.
[0013] Preferably, dissolving the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles in step S21 refers to dissolving the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles with deionized water in a water bath at a temperature of 37-50° C. to obtain a selenium nanoparticle solution with a concentration of 2-8% (w / v).
[0014] A selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed is prepared by a method for preparing a selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed.
[0015] The present invention has significant technical effects due to the adoption of the above technical solution: (1) The prepared aquatic feed is rich in selenium nanoparticle microspheres. The addition of selenium can reduce the amount of selenium nanoparticle aquatic feed consumed by fish to increase the same weight, greatly improving the energy efficiency of existing commercial aquatic feed and improving the quality of aquatic products, which can ultimately enhance the overall benefits of the aquaculture industry.
[0016] (2) The prepared aquatic feed can make the fish fed in the same period weigh more, not only making the fish fatter, but also greatly improving the muscle hardness and elasticity of the fish while keeping the visceral index and liver index unchanged or even decreasing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 This is the elemental analysis diagram of selenium nanoparticles.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron micrograph of selenium nanoparticles.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the effect of feeding fish with selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed on fish weight gain after 5 weeks.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of feed efficiency after fish were fed with selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed for 5 weeks.
[0021] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the hardness of fish meat after feeding fish with selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed for 5 weeks.
[0022] Figure 6 This is a comparison of the elasticity of fish meat after feeding fish with selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed for 5 weeks.
[0023] Figure 7 This is a comparison of the chewiness of fish meat after feeding fish with selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed for 5 weeks.
[0024] Figure 8 This is a comparison of the weight gain effects of fish after being fed with selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed made from different raw materials for 5 weeks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0026] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed and a preparation method thereof include the following steps: Step S1, weigh gelatin particles, and dissolve them in a 37°C water bath to a concentration of 0.5% (w / v); Step S2, adding 0.04M sodium selenite to the dissolved gelatin solution; Step S3, adding 0.1 M anthocyanin to the solution in step S2; Step S4, dialyzing the solution in step S3 and freeze-drying it to obtain dry selenium nanoparticles; Step S5, weighing 20 mg of freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles and re-dissolving them, and adding 2 g of sodium alginate until the final concentration of sodium alginate is 2%; Step S6, preparing microspheres from the solution of step S5 by electrospinning technology, and solidifying them in a calcium chloride solution and then freeze-drying them again to obtain freeze-dried microspheres; Step S7, mixing the freeze-dried microspheres with commercial aquatic feed evenly so that the content of the selenium nanoparticle microspheres is 1 mg / kg; Step S6, using a small feed pellet making machine to make pellet feed; Step S7: Dry in a cool place and store at -20°C.
[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the prepared selenium nanoparticles in this example were photographed by scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis was performed, which proved that selenium element was indeed present in the product and the particle size range was 20-50nm.
[0028] Example 2 The same as Example 1, except that the content of selenium nanoparticle microspheres in step S5 of this embodiment is 5 mg / kg.
[0029] Example 3 Tilapia feeding experiment The Nile Tilapia used in the experiment was taken from the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. 270 Nile Tilapia with consistent specifications (initial average weight 102.27±2.38 g) and strong physique were selected and evenly distributed and placed in 9 indoor temperature-controlled circulating water aquaculture barrels (diameter 85 cm, water storage capacity 450L). The experiment was divided into three groups: ordinary commercial aquatic feed as one group, and aquatic feeds containing different contents of selenium nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 as one group, each experimental group had 3 replicates, and each replicate had 30 fish.
[0030] The experimental breeding cycle was 9 weeks. During the breeding period, the fish were fed 3 times a day (8:00, 12:30, and 17:00) at a full feeding rate of 3-5% of their body weight (adjusted according to their feeding situation). During the experiment, the water temperature was maintained at 25±1℃, pH 7.6-7.8, dissolved oxygen in the water was >6mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen in the water was <0.01 mg / L.
[0031] In the fifth week of the experiment, the rats were fasted for 24 h before sample collection. Nine rats were randomly selected from each group (three rats were randomly selected from each replicate). Blood was collected from the tail vein after rapid anesthesia with MS-222, and body weight, body length, visceral weight, and liver weight were recorded. The brain, liver, intestine, muscle and other tissues were dissected on ice, quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C for subsequent testing.
[0032] Example 4 Fish body weight record Example 5
[0033] This embodiment provides a method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres, which specifically includes the following steps: Step S1, weigh carboxymethyl chitosan powder and chitosan powder in a mass ratio of 1:4, and dissolve them at room temperature with stirring to a concentration of 1.25% (w / v); Step S2, adding 0.04M sodium selenite to the dissolved solution; Step S3, adding 0.1 M anthocyanin to the solution in step S2; Step S4, dialyzing the solution of step S3 and freeze-drying it to obtain dry selenium nanoparticles; Step S5, weighing 200 mg of selenium nanoparticles and adding them to 10% (w / v) methacryloyl gelatin; Step S6, preparing microspheres from the solution of step S5 by microfluidic technology, and freeze-drying the microspheres again after UV curing to obtain freeze-dried microspheres; Step S7, mixing the freeze-dried microspheres with commercial aquatic feed evenly so that the content of the selenium nanoparticle microspheres is 1 mg / kg; Step S8, using a small feed pellet making machine to make pellet feed; Step S9: Dry in a cool place and store at -20°C.
[0034] Example 6 The preparation of the aquatic feed is the same as in Example 5, except that in step S1 of this example, hyaluronic acid is weighed and dissolved by stirring at room temperature to a concentration of 1% (w / v).
[0035] Example 7 The preparation of the aquatic feed is the same as in Example 5, except that 4 M dopamine is added in step S3 of this example.
[0036] Example 8 The preparation of aquatic feed is the same as that in Example 5, except that 0.45 M tea polyphenols is added in step S3 of this example.
[0037] The results show that after feeding tilapia with the selenium-containing nanoparticle aquatic feed prepared in Example 1-2 for 5 weeks, it was found that the weight gain effect of the fish was significantly better than that of ordinary commercial aquatic feed, and the feed efficiency of the fish fed with the feed was also significantly higher, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown; and the quality of fish has been greatly improved, the quality improvement is mainly reflected in the high hardness, good elasticity and good chewiness of fish meat, such as Figure 5-Figure 7 shown.
[0038] like Figure 8 As shown, the selenium-containing nanoparticle aquatic feed prepared in Examples 5-8 was fed to fish for 5 weeks. Compared with the feeding effect of aquatic fish feed, it was found that the selenium nanoparticle microspheres prepared from different raw materials, after being mixed with ordinary aquatic feed, had a significant weight-increasing effect on the fish.
[0039] It is easy to understand that those skilled in the art can combine, split, reorganize, etc. the embodiments of the present application to obtain other embodiments based on one or several embodiments provided in the present application, and these embodiments do not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
[0040] In conclusion, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step S1, preparation of selenium nanoparticles; Step S2, dissolving the selenium nanoparticles to prepare freeze-dried selenium nanoparticle microspheres; Step S3, adding the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticle microspheres into aquatic feed to prepare aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres.
2. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: Step S11, dissolving gelatin, dextran, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, modified chitosan or sodium alginate to obtain a corresponding solution A; Step S12, adding sodium selenite to solution A to obtain solution B; Step S13, adding polyphenol compounds to solution B to obtain solution C; Step S14, dialyzing the solution C and then freeze-drying it to obtain freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles.
3. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: Step S21, dissolving the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles to obtain a dissolved selenium nanoparticle solution; Step S22, blending the selenium nanoparticles dissolved in step S21 with methacrylated gelatin or methacrylated hyaluronic acid or sodium alginate, preparing the mixed solution into microspheres through microfluidics technology or electrospinning technology, and finally freeze-drying again to obtain dry selenium nanoparticle microspheres.
4. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: Step S31, mixing the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticle microspheres and the aquatic feed evenly; Step S32: using a small feed pelletizing machine to make selenium-containing nanoparticle microspheres for aquatic feed.
5. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S11, the gelatin is dissolved in phosphate buffer or deionized water as a solvent at a temperature of 37-60° C., and the concentration of the obtained gelatin solution is 0.5-5% (w / v); The chitosan or modified chitosan (such as carboxymethyl chitosan, quaternary ammonium salt chitosan, etc.) is dissolved in a phosphate buffer containing acetic acid or hydrochloric acid or deionized water as a solvent at room temperature overnight, and the concentration of the obtained chitosan solution or modified chitosan solution is 0.05-1.25% (w / v); The dissolution method of dextran, hyaluronic acid or sodium alginate is to use phosphate buffer or deionized water at room temperature to dissolve the dextran solution at a concentration of 0.1-2%, the hyaluronic acid solution at a concentration of 0.2-5% (w / v), and the sodium alginate solution at a concentration of 0.1-5% (w / v).
6. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of sodium selenite in step S12 is 0.02-0.05M.
7. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S13, the polyphenol compound includes any one of dopamine with a concentration of 0.1-4M, anthocyanin with a concentration of 0.05-0.2M, quercetin with a concentration of 0.5-4M, and tea polyphenol with a concentration of 0.45-1.2M.
8. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific method of preparing selenium nanoparticle microspheres after mixing the dissolved selenium nanoparticles with sodium alginate and freeze-drying in step S21 is: After the dissolved selenium nanoparticles are mixed with sodium alginate, sodium alginate microspheres rich in selenium nanoparticles are prepared by electrospinning technology, and the sodium alginate microspheres are washed, recovered, and freeze-dried to obtain dry selenium nanoparticle microspheres; wherein the mass ratio of selenium nanoparticles to sodium alginate is 1:100-1:50; The specific method of preparing selenium nanoparticle microspheres after blending the dissolved selenium nanoparticles with methacryloyl gelatin or methacryloyl hyaluronic acid and freeze-drying is as follows: After mixing selenium nanoparticles with methacryloyl gelatin or methacryloyl hyaluronic acid, selenium nanoparticle microspheres are prepared by microfluidic technology, and the selenium nanoparticle microspheres are freeze-dried to obtain dry selenium nanoparticle microspheres; wherein the mass ratio of selenium nanoparticles to methacryloyl gelatin is 1:500-1:250, and the mass ratio of selenium nanoparticles to methacryloyl hyaluronic acid is 1:200-1:
50.
9. The method for preparing aquatic feed containing selenium nanoparticle microspheres according to claim 3, characterized in that: Dissolving the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles in step S21 refers to dissolving the freeze-dried selenium nanoparticles with deionized water in a water bath at a temperature of 37-50° C. to obtain a selenium nanoparticle solution with a concentration of 2-8% (w / v).
10. A selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed, characterized in that: The selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed is prepared by the method for preparing the selenium-containing nanoparticle microsphere aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1 to 9.