Astragalus mongholicus nutrient solution extraction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of astragalus membranaceus nutrient solution extraction. The invention relates to an extraction method of an astragalus membranaceus nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps: by taking dried astragalus membranaceus roots as a raw material, sequentially cleaning, drying and crushing the raw material, sequentially carrying out sealed soaking with an ethanol solution in different temperature point ranges from low to high, and respectively carrying out evaporation concentration on corresponding soaking solutions obtained in each temperature point range, so as to obtain the astragalus membranaceus nutrient solution. The extract corresponding to each temperature point range is obtained, the extract corresponding to each temperature point range is subjected to corresponding extraction with ethyl alcohol, and different types of astragalus membranaceus extracts are obtained through separation. According to the method, firstly, radix astragali is extracted with an ethanol solution in different temperature point ranges, and then the ethanol solution is used again for layered extraction of liquid medicine in each temperature point range. Further, different types of astragalus membranaceus extracts are classified and separated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of astragalus nutrient solution extraction. Background Art

[0002] Astragalus is a Qi-tonifying medicine, which is the dried root of Mongolian Astragalus or Membranaceus Astragalus. Astragalus has the effects of replenishing Qi and raising Yang, consolidating the exterior and stopping sweating, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, promoting fluid and nourishing blood, removing stagnation and relieving arthritis, expelling toxins and draining pus, and healing sores and promoting muscle regeneration. Extraction process: Dry the Astragalus root raw material, wash, dry, crush, add 10 times the amount of water, heat and boil to extract three times, each time for 2 hours, combine the three extracts, concentrate and evaporate the water to an extract with a specific gravity of d=1.20, let it stand and cool, add ethanol to the extract and stir, let it stand and settle, centrifuge the precipitate, continue to add ethanol to the precipitate and stir, let it stand and centrifuge, get the crude Astragalus polysaccharide, remove protein and mucus components with a mixed solvent, and get the pure Astragalus polysaccharide. Pharmacological effects: It has the effects of enhancing immunity, enhancing energy, resisting fatigue, resisting mutation, protecting the liver, and inhibiting osteoclasts. Astragaloside has the effect of lowering blood lipids, that is, lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and raising high-density lipoprotein; it can prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and hyperlipidemia. Astragaloside IV has the effect of significantly lowering blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin and urine protein, and can reduce AGEs in the renal cortex and serum, indicating that astragaloside IV has an antioxidant effect, inhibits aldose reductase, and inhibits mesangial cell proliferation and reduces kidney hypertrophy. Adding appropriate excipients to astragaloside IV can make an oral preparation, which is used to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy.

[0003] Astragalus nutrient solution has many chemical components, mainly containing saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides and amino acids. Saponins have been isolated from Astragalus and its close relatives, with a total of more than 40 triterpenoid saponins, which are tetracyclic triterpenoids and pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides. The sugars of the glycosides are mostly glucose, galactose, and rhamnose, mostly connected to the 3rd and 6th positions of the aglycone. Some hydroxyl groups of some glycosides are acetylated, and astragaloside I and astragaloside II were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus. There are acetylastragaloside I, astragaloside I-VIII, isoastragaloside I-II, astragaloside B, cycloastragenol and soybean saponin in Astragalus membranaceus; Astragaloside I, I, W and soybean saponin 1 in Mongolian Astragalus membranaceus. Four polysaccharides were isolated from Inner Mongolian Astragalus, two of which are glucans AG-1 and AG-2, and the other two are heteropolysaccharides AH-1 and AH-2, of which AG-1 and AH-1 have immune-promoting effects. Flavonoids: The flavonoids contained in Astragalus membranaceus are mainly flavonoids. Isoflavones and dihydroflavonoids mainly include kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, rhamnosin, ursin, safflower, calycosin, 2', 4'-dihydroxy-5, 6-dimethoxy-flavanone L-3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpone and its glycosides. The sugars of its glycosides are mostly glucose and rhamnose. Rhamnosin 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-glucoside are separated from the stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus. Amino acids: 21 kinds of free amino acids were detected in the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, including asparagine, canavanine, proline, arginine, aspartic acid, 1-aminobutyric acid, etc.

[0004] There are many chemical components in Astragalus nutrient solution, but the functions of different components are not exactly the same, and some are even opposite. Therefore, it is necessary to classify the chemical components of Astragalus nutrient solution as low as possible. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to classify, extract and separate the chemical components in the astragalus nutrient solution.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: an astragalus nutrient solution extraction method, which uses dried astragalus root as raw material, washes, dries and crushes the raw material in sequence, and then uses ethanol solution to seal and soak it in different temperature ranges from low to high, evaporates and concentrates the corresponding soaking liquid obtained in each temperature range to obtain the extract corresponding to each temperature range, and uses ethanol to extract and separate the extract corresponding to each temperature range to obtain different types of astragalus extracts.

[0007] The method of using ethanol solution for closed immersion in different temperature ranges from low to high, and evaporating and concentrating the corresponding immersion liquid obtained in each temperature range, to obtain the extract corresponding to each temperature range means that the crushed astragalus is placed in a immersion tank containing 70-90% ethanol solution, and high-temperature water vapor is intermittently introduced into the immersion tank under stirring, so that the mixture in the immersion tank is constantly maintained in a temperature range within a time range, and then the stirring is stopped and the mixture is kept warm and allowed to stand within the temperature range, and then the supernatant is extracted and concentrated to obtain the extract corresponding to the temperature range, and the extract corresponding to each different temperature range is obtained in the same way.

[0008] The extracts corresponding to each temperature point range are extracted and separated using ethanol to obtain different types of astragalus extracts. The extracts corresponding to each temperature point range are placed in an extraction tank, and then a 70-90% ethanol solution is added to the extraction tank. After standing, the supernatant is taken out in layers, and then the supernatant is concentrated to obtain different types of astragalus extracts.

[0009] The said layered removal of the supernatant means that the supernatant in different level ranges is taken out and placed in different concentration tanks respectively.

[0010] The evaporation concentration refers to volatilizing the ethanol in the supernatant to obtain an extract or different types of astragalus polysaccharides.

[0011] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention firstly extracts the astragalus with an ethanol solution at different temperature ranges, and then uses the ethanol solution again to extract the medicinal solution at each temperature range in layers, thereby classifying and separating different types of astragalus extracts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] Astragalus extract has the effects of enhancing immunity, increasing energy, resisting fatigue, resisting mutation, protecting liver, and inhibiting osteoclasts. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Astragalus has the effects of replenishing qi and raising yang, strengthening the exterior and stopping sweating, expelling toxins and pus, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, and healing sores and promoting tissue regeneration. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Astragalus has the effects of enhancing the body's immune function, strengthening the heart and lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, diuresis, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, anti-virus, sedation, and analgesia.

[0013] Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) can significantly enhance the percentage and index of phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells in mice. Further separation of Astragalus polysaccharide obtained three monomeric polysaccharides: 123, and experiments were carried out separately. The results showed that polysaccharide 1 could increase spleen weight and cell number, but inhibit the immune response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells. 2 was similar to 1 but weaker, and polysaccharide 3 had no effect. Astragalus saponins can promote the proliferation and differentiation of lymph node B cells and the formation of plasma cell antibodies. Astragalus can promote the formation of immune-specific rosettes of mouse lymphocytes to sheep blood cells. Astragalus polysaccharide significantly enhanced the luminescence intensity of macrophage phagocytosis and inhibited the release of PGE2, but further promoted the release of TNF. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen significantly inhibited the release of PGE2 and TNF, and had no significant effect on phagocytic function. Therefore, it can be suggested that the combination of immune activators and cyclooxygenase inhibitors is expected to become a new drug treatment for traumatic infections.

[0014] Astragalus has a significant promoting effect on the antibody production function of the normal body. Astragalus exhibits multiple physiological activities in humoral immunity, enhancing the phagocytic activity of mononuclear macrophages, releasing immune active substances on somatic cells and natural killer cells, inducing interferon and interleukin, etc. One of its antiviral principles may be to improve the ability of patients' leukocytes to induce interferon. IgE3 of normal people increased significantly after taking Astragalus whole herb extract tablets. Astragalus can promote the phagocytic function of macrophages, promote the proliferation of B cells and inhibit the activity of total complement. It has an inducing effect on the production of interleukins, promotes the immune-specific rosette formation of mouse lymphocytes on sheep blood cells, and has a significant protective effect on the immune dysfunction caused by immunosuppressants. It is an immunomodulator with a bidirectional effect. Astragalus polysaccharide is a kind of substance with strong immunological activity in Astragalus. It can enhance the phagocytic function of macrophages. From the determination of spleen and thymus weight, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, total number of spleen cells and plaque-forming cells, it can be seen that Astragalus polysaccharide and Astragalus polysaccharide can completely or partially antagonize the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide or prednisolone.

[0015] Astragalus can promote somatic cellular immune function. Its effect of enhancing the immune function of human blood lymphocytes may be due to the partial reduction of inhibitory T cell activity. Astragalus polysaccharides can increase the gene transcription expression of IL-2mRNA and IL-2RmRNA in activated T lymphocytes after trauma by regulating the content and promoting phosphatidylinositol metabolism, which may be one of the mechanisms of astragalus polysaccharides in correcting post-traumatic cellular immune dysfunction. The regulatory effect of astragalus on T cells and the cytokines they secrete may be related to its regulation of the production of IgG subclasses.

[0016] Astragalus can protect target cells from T cell activity, but its degree is not as strong as its effect on promoting T cell activity. Its effect of increasing NK cell activity is by inducing lymphocytes to produce type II interferon mediators. Therefore, it is believed that NK cells may be the precursor cells of T cells, and the effect of Astragalus on NK cells is consistent with its activation effect on T cells.

[0017] Astragalus has a significant stimulating effect on the interferon system, including self-induction, promotion of induction and activity. Astragalus itself has a certain anti-tumor effect. Astragalus polysaccharide (5 mg / kg) has a similar anti-tumor effect to IL-2 / LAK, and has a significant enhancement effect on the anti-tumor effect of IL-2 / LAK.

[0018] The effect of Astragalus on cell metabolism was observed in human fetal kidney cells, human fetal lung diploid cells and mouse kidney cells grown in a nutrient solution containing Astragalus. It was found that Astragalus can enhance the physiological metabolism of cells. The plasma CAMp content of mice decoction and normal people taking Astragalus dry extract tablets were significantly increased. Mouse SC Astragalus injection can significantly increase the total number of white blood cells and the number of multinuclear white blood cells. Astragalus can also promote the generation, development and maturation of various blood cells and promote the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. For in vitro cultured hepatocytes, Astragalus can promote RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that it can prolong cell life, enhance cell metabolism and delay aging.

[0019] The degree of inhibition of free RN-ase activity by astragalus polysaccharide (ASP) is: kidney < liver < lung < spleen. This result should be explained by the relative increase rate of equilibrium reaction. The effect of APS is significant in low RI tissues. Astragalus has an inhibitory effect on RNA metabolism of human lung diploid cells. Astragalus decoction can significantly promote the synthesis of DNA in bone marrow hematopoietic cells and accelerate the division process of nucleated cells. Astragalus saponins can significantly increase the DNA content of regenerated liver, and astragalus polysaccharide has no significant effect on DNA metabolism.

[0020] Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the content of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and Cgmp) in mouse plasma and tissues, and its effects on different organs are different: administration increases cAMP and decreases cGMP; the opposite is true for the liver; and both increase in the spleen. Further experiments show that the effect of Astragalus on cAMP is caused by its inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE).

[0021] Astragalus has the effect of dilating blood vessels and coronary arteries. Therefore, it is believed that its antihypertensive effect is the result of direct dilation of peripheral blood vessels, and has no dependence on the heart, nor is it related to the release of histamine or the action of adrenergic receptors. This shows that the effect of Astragalus on blood pressure is related to central neuropeptides, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the carnosine releasing enzyme-carnosine system, and hydroxyproline. The antihypertensive component of Astragalus was once considered to be an alkaline substance, but later it was discovered that the roots of Astragalus plants contain aminobutyric acid, and its content is almost completely parallel to the strength of the antihypertensive effect, so it is considered to be an effective antihypertensive ingredient. In terms of vascular effects, aminobutyric acid cannot fully represent Astragalus. Astragalus can promote the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells to varying degrees, which is beneficial to promote the angiogenesis process. Saponins such as astragalosides II, III and IV and isoflavone compounds such as formononetin and calycosin in Astragalus membranaceus have a significant improvement on the deformability of hatched erythrocytes, which may be an important mechanism for Astragalus membranaceus to improve blood rheology indicators. An important part of the effect of Astragalus on human erythrocyte membrane may be to protect the human erythrocyte membrane from the attack of free radicals.

[0022] Intraperitoneal injection of 250mg / kg and 500mg / kg of Astragalus polysaccharide significantly prolonged the normal temperature swimming time of normal mice and mice with "yang deficiency" caused by hydrocortisone, and increased the adrenal weight of mice under stress. Astragalus extract significantly increased the plasma cortisol content, adrenal weight and lipid vacuoles in adrenal cortical cells of rats under swimming stress. It has a significant antagonistic effect on brain hypoxia caused by ligation of the bilateral carotid arteries and can significantly prolong the survival time of mice.

[0023] Astragalus polysaccharide 250mg / kg, 500mg / kg, intraperitoneal injection can significantly enhance the cold tolerance of normal mice, hungry mice and mice treated with hydrocortisone, and significantly increase the survival time; but there is no obvious high temperature tolerance. 5.4.3 Anti-radiation effect Astragalus total flavonoids have a certain protective effect on the damage of the immune system caused by this radiation. Its mechanism of action may be related to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of Astragalus total flavonoids, which prevent immune cells from damage by lipid peroxidation. At the same time, Astragalus total flavonoids may also have the function of changing the energy metabolism of immune cells and promoting lymphocyte division.

[0024] Astragalus can prevent senile arteriosclerosis and improve aging lung function. In vitro cultured human embryonic lung diploid fibroblasts survived to 52 generations, while cells cultured with 0.2% Astragalus extract survived to 77 generations. The changes in organelles during aging in the treated group were basically the same as those in the control group, but the degree of change was mild and the rate of change was relatively slow. In particular, the Golgi complex of the treated group was particularly developed, and although the cells were senescent, they were not very senescent. Studies have shown that Astragalus has a good effect on prolonging life, and it deserves great attention and development as an anti-aging and longevity drug.

[0025] Intravenous injection of Astragalus injection can significantly increase serum albumin and significantly reduce serum cholesterol in rats with minimal change nephropathy, increase blood flow in glomerular capillaries, and significantly reduce scrotal edema and ascites. The diet and mental state of the animals in the drug-treated group are also better than those in the control group. Astragalus can significantly reduce the amount of protein in urine. Pathological observation also proves that the lesions in the Astragalus group are alleviated. This inhibitory effect on nephritis may be related to Astragalus enhancing metabolism and improving systemic nutritional status. Astragalus can reduce kidney lesions in spontaneous lupus mice through immunomodulatory effects.

[0026] Astragalus has the function of protecting the liver and preventing the reduction of liver glycogen. Two astragaloside glycosides, ASI and SK, can counteract liver damage caused by D-galactosamine and acetaminophen. Astragaloside is the effective component of Astragalus to resist liver toxicity. In addition to anti-biological oxidation, its mechanism is also related to metabolic regulation. Other studies have shown that Astragalus has a certain effect on preventing liver fibrosis.

[0027] As can be seen from the above, astragalus extract can play a variety of roles, and these roles are played by different types of drug components. In the prior art, astragalus extract is used as a comprehensive compound, so the effect is often weak. This is mainly because the content of active ingredients is low and the medicinal properties of some ingredients conflict. Therefore, if the astragalus extract is not classified and separated, not only is the efficacy weak, but it may also produce some side effects.

[0028] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting astragalus nutrient solution in order to improve the therapeutic effect of astragalus extract and reduce side effects. The astragalus extract can be classified and separated by the method, and different types of astragalus extracts can be used for different diseases.

[0029] A method for extracting nutrient solution of Astragalus membranaceus, using dried Astragalus membranaceus root as raw material, washing, drying and crushing the raw material in sequence, and then using ethanol solution to soak in different temperature ranges from low to high, and evaporating and concentrating the corresponding soaking solution obtained in each temperature range, to obtain the extract corresponding to each temperature range. Said method of using ethanol solution to soak in different temperature ranges from low to high, and evaporating and concentrating the corresponding soaking solution obtained in each temperature range, to obtain the extract corresponding to each temperature range, means that the crushed Astragalus membranaceus is placed in a soaking tank containing 70-90% ethanol solution, and high-temperature water vapor is intermittently introduced into the soaking tank under stirring, so that the mixture in the soaking tank is kept constant in a temperature range within a time range, and then the stirring is stopped and kept warm and static within the temperature range, and then the supernatant is extracted and concentrated to obtain the extract corresponding to the temperature range, and the extract corresponding to each different temperature range is obtained in the same way. The extract corresponding to each temperature range is extracted and separated with ethanol to obtain different types of Astragalus membranaceus extracts. The extract corresponding to each temperature point range is extracted and separated with ethanol to obtain different types of astragalus extracts, which means that the extract corresponding to each temperature point range is placed in an extraction tank, and then a 70-90% ethanol solution is added to the extraction tank. After standing, the supernatant is taken out in layers, and then the supernatant is concentrated to obtain different types of astragalus extracts. The supernatant is taken out in layers, and the supernatant of different horizontal height ranges is taken out and placed in different concentration tanks. The evaporation concentration means that the ethanol in the supernatant is volatilized to obtain the extract or different types of astragalus polysaccharides.

[0030] In one embodiment, the selected root of Astragalus is cleaned to remove mud and other impurities. After drying, it is sliced ​​or crushed. The treated Astragalus raw material is placed in an extraction tank, an ethanol solution is added for airtight soaking, and the dissolution of the effective ingredient is promoted by heating or ultrasonic methods. In this embodiment, an ethanol solution is used for airtight soaking in different temperature ranges from low to high, and the selected different temperature ranges are: 30-40°C, 40-50°C, 50-60°C, 60-70°C, 70-80°C, 80-90°C, and above 90°C. The following is explained with a temperature range of 30-40°C.

[0031] In the extraction tank containing sliced ​​or crushed astragalus root, ethanol with a mass percentage concentration of about 75% is placed, and water vapor is intermittently introduced into the extraction tank to keep the internal temperature at 30-40°C. The soaking process can promote the dissolution of the effective ingredients by ultrasonic and other methods. After soaking for 24 hours (the soaking time can be appropriately reduced when ultrasonic and other methods are used at the same time), the supernatant in the extraction tank is extracted and placed in a concentration tank for concentration (most of the solvent is removed to obtain an astragalus concentrate. The concentrate is purified, and commonly used methods include activated carbon adsorption, resin adsorption, etc., to remove excess pigments, proteins and other impurities), and the extract corresponding to the temperature point of 30-40°C is obtained.

[0032] The extract corresponding to the temperature point of 30-40°C is placed in an extraction tank, and then a 70-90% ethanol solution is added to the extraction tank, stirred for one hour, and after standing for one hour, the supernatant is taken out in layers, and then the supernatant is concentrated to obtain different types of astragalus extracts. The layered removal of the supernatant refers to taking out the supernatant of different horizontal height ranges and placing them in different concentration tanks. In one embodiment, a water pump is used to extract the supernatant from top to bottom, first extracting the supernatant of the upper 2cm height in the extraction tank and placing it in a storage tank, and then continuing to extract the supernatant of the upper 3cm height and extracting it and placing it in a storage tank, and then continuing to extract the supernatant of the upper 3cm height and extracting it and placing it in a storage tank, and then continuing to extract the supernatant of the upper 2cm height and extracting it and placing it in a storage tank, and finally extracting the remaining supernatant and placing it in a storage tank. The mass percentage concentration of the astragalus extract in the extract corresponding to the temperature point of 30-40°C is obtained by the tube, which can be obtained by experiment, in order to make the composition of the astragalus extract in each storage tank as single as possible.

[0033] The same method is used to obtain the astragalus extracts corresponding to the temperature points of 40-50°C, 50-60°C, 60-70°C, 70-80°C, 80-90°C and above 90°C.

[0034] The invention firstly extracts the astragalus with ethanol solution at different temperature ranges, and then uses ethanol solution to extract the medicinal solution at each temperature range in layers, thereby classifying and separating different types of astragalus extracts.

Claims

1. A method for extracting astragalus nutrient solution, characterized in that: The dried astragalus root is used as raw material, and the raw material is sequentially washed, dried and crushed, and then immersed in an ethanol solution at different temperature ranges from low to high, and the corresponding immersion solution obtained in each temperature range is evaporated and concentrated to obtain the extract corresponding to each temperature range, and the extract corresponding to each temperature range is extracted and separated with ethanol to obtain different types of astragalus extracts.

2. The method for extracting an astragalus nutrient solution according to claim 1, wherein: The method of using ethanol solution for closed immersion in different temperature ranges from low to high, and evaporating and concentrating the corresponding immersion liquid obtained in each temperature range, to obtain the extract corresponding to each temperature range means that the crushed astragalus is placed in a immersion tank containing 70-90% ethanol solution, and high-temperature water vapor is intermittently introduced into the immersion tank under stirring, so that the mixture in the immersion tank is constantly maintained in a temperature range within a time range, and then the stirring is stopped and the mixture is kept warm and allowed to stand within the temperature range, and then the supernatant is extracted and concentrated to obtain the extract corresponding to the temperature range, and the extract corresponding to each different temperature range is obtained in the same way.

3. The method for extracting astragalus nutrient solution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extracts corresponding to each temperature point range are extracted and separated using ethanol to obtain different types of astragalus extracts. The extracts corresponding to each temperature point range are placed in an extraction tank, and then a 70-90% ethanol solution is added to the extraction tank. After standing, the supernatant is taken out in layers, and then the supernatant is concentrated to obtain different types of astragalus extracts.

4. A method for extracting astragalus nutrient solution according to claim 3, characterized in that: The said layered removal of the supernatant means that the supernatant in different level ranges is taken out and placed in different concentration tanks respectively.

5. The method for extracting astragalus nutrient solution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation concentration refers to volatilizing the ethanol in the supernatant to obtain an extract or different types of astragalus extracts.