Process method for preparing hot-rolled functional plate and roller through micro-beam plasma deposition

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hot rolling, in particular to a process method for preparing a hot rolling functional plate and roller through micro-beam plasma deposition, according to the process method, an infrared thermal imager is used for monitoring temperature distribution of the surface in the deposition process in real time, and according to real-time temperature data, a self-adaptive path planning algorithm is adopted for dynamically adjusting the deposition path and speed; after each layer is deposited, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to temperature feedback, uniform temperature distribution of each layer is kept, and local overheating is avoided; high-hardness and high-melting-point nano-particles are adopted as a reinforcing phase, and the nano-particles are uniformly dispersed in a deposition material through ion spraying, so that particle aggregation is prevented; nano-particle reinforced composite material powder is adopted, so that nano-particles are uniformly distributed in a matrix material; the problems of heat accumulation, stress concentration, coarse structure, poor wear resistance and the like in the process of preparing the hot rolling functional plate and roller through traditional micro-beam plasma deposition are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hot rolling technology, and in particular to a process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-beam plasma cladding. Background Art

[0002] Pulse micro plasma arc welding MPAW has great advantages in "butt" welding of ultra-thin plates with a thickness of 100μm and below due to its extremely fine arc morphology, extremely small heat input range and melting type welding characteristics. During the MPAW welding process, the oscillation behavior of the molten pool (including the shape of the welding molten pool, the flow state of the liquid metal in the molten pool, etc.) is directly related to the forming quality of the weldment.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN114540811A discloses a process for preparing various functional plates and rollers in contact with steel in a steel hot rolling (plate, profile, tube) production line by micro-beam plasma cladding, which relates to the field of composite manufacturing technology; the invention comprises the following steps: Step 1: preparing a cladding material, wherein the components of the cladding material are calculated by mass percentage as follows: Ni: 3%-7%, Cr: 2%-4%, Mo: 2%-4%, Ti: 30%-50%, W: 3%-8%, Co: 20%-35%, and the rest is Fe; the cladding material is a spherical powder with a particle size of 200 meshes to 350 mesh; Step 2: Use high-quality carbon structural steel to make the substrate of the functional plate and roller; The present invention greatly improves the high temperature resistance and wear resistance of the functional plate and roller by cladding the high temperature resistant and wear resistant alloy material in the contact position between the functional plate and roller and the steel, increases the service life, avoids the situation that the functional plate and roller have nodules and stick to the steel and have poor wear resistance, the functional plate and roller manufactured by micro-beam plasma cladding partition composite can increase the service life by more than 10 times compared with the current single material, and the service life of the functional plate and roller manufactured by other composite methods is also greatly improved, and the functional plate and roller substrates can be reused.

[0004] Combining the above schemes, it can be seen that when microbeam plasma cladding MPAW is used to prepare hot-rolled functional plates and rollers, a single-layer cladding path is prone to heat accumulation and stress concentration, which causes coarse grains in the cladding layer, affects the mechanical properties of the material, and may cause cracks, reducing the service life of the product; currently, linear or spiral paths are usually used for single-layer cladding to address such problems, and the size of the heat-affected zone is reduced by controlling the cladding speed and current and voltage parameters, or the cladding layer is divided into multiple layers and stacked layer by layer, and a cooling time is set between each layer to reduce heat accumulation. However, these methods have the problems of inaccurate temperature control and simple path planning, and fail to fully solve the problems of heat accumulation and stress concentration; therefore, a process method for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by microbeam plasma cladding is urgently needed to solve such problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a process method for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by microbeam plasma cladding, which is used to overcome the problems of inaccurate temperature control and simple path planning in the prior art of using linear or spiral paths for single-layer cladding, reducing the size of the heat-affected zone by controlling the cladding speed and current and voltage parameters, or dividing the cladding layer into multiple layers and stacking them layer by layer.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-beam plasma cladding, comprising:

[0007] Step S1, temperature feedback control, real-time temperature monitoring, and dynamically adjusting the deposition path and speed using a variable step-length spiral path planning algorithm; after each layer of deposition, adjusting the interlayer cooling time according to temperature feedback;

[0008] Step S2, preparing nanoparticle-reinforced welded material;

[0009] Step S3, adjusting the deposition parameters, optimizing the plasma arc parameters and the wire feeding speed according to the characteristics of the deposition material prepared in step 2, so as to evenly distribute the nanoparticles during the deposition process;

[0010] Step S4, stress and deformation simulation prediction, based on the output data of step S1, step S2 and step S3, establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the hot-rolled functional plate and roller, perform thermal-mechanical coupling simulation, and predict the stress and deformation distribution during the deposition process.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the temperature feedback control method includes:

[0012] Use infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution of the surface in real time during the deposition process;

[0013] According to the real-time temperature data, the variable step length spiral path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the deposition path and speed to make the heat evenly distributed and reduce heat accumulation;

[0014] After each layer is deposited, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to the temperature feedback to make the temperature distribution of each layer uniform and avoid local overheating. By accurately controlling the cooling time, the interlayer temperature can be prevented from being too high, ensuring the uniformity and stability of each layer.

[0015] During the process of path planning and temperature feedback control, the generated temperature data and path adjustment parameters provide a basis for subsequent steps to maintain uniform heat distribution during the deposition process.

[0016] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment method of the deposition path and speed in step S1 includes:

[0017] Initialization parameters, including initial step size d0, spiral radius R, initial angle θ0, angular velocity ω, initial deposition velocity v0;

[0018] Assume that the temperature feedback adjustment coefficient is α (sensitivity coefficient of step size adjustment), the temperature feedback adjustment coefficient is β (sensitivity coefficient of speed adjustment), and the target temperature is T setpoint , the maximum step length is d max , the minimum step length is d min ;

[0019] Use an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature of the weld surface in real time and obtain real-time temperature data T(x,y,t);

[0020] Calculate the current point (x t ,y t ) temperature deviation ΔT, ΔT=T(x t ,y t ,t)-T setpoint ;

[0021] According to the temperature deviation ΔT, the step length d(t) is dynamically adjusted. The step length adjustment formula is: Where d(t) is the current step size, t represents the current time step, and d max is the maximum allowed step size, d min is the minimum allowed step size.

[0022] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment method of the deposition path and speed in step S1 also includes:

[0023] Update the spiral path and update the angle θ(t): θ(t) = θ0 + ω·t, where θ(t) is the current angle and t is the time;

[0024] Update the spiral path coordinates (x t ,y t ): where x t and t is the current path coordinate, R is the spiral radius;

[0025] Adjust the deposition speed v(t) according to the step length d(t), adjust the dynamic speed, and the speed adjustment formula is: Where v(t) is the current deposition speed, v0 is the initial deposition speed, and β is the sensitivity coefficient of speed adjustment;

[0026] Perform real-time path planning. At time t, the path coordinates (x t ,y t ) and speed v(t) are updated in real time;

[0027] The variable step-size spiral path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the deposition path and speed, so that the heat distribution during the deposition process is uniform and heat accumulation is reduced.

[0028] Furthermore, in order to ensure uniform temperature distribution of each layer after deposition and avoid local overheating, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to temperature feedback. In step S1, the interlayer cooling control method includes:

[0029] Initialization cooling time t cool,0 , maximum cooling time t cool,max , minimum cooling time t cool,min , temperature feedback adjustment coefficient γ and target temperature T setpoint ;

[0030] Based on real-time temperature data T layer (x, y, t) and the temperature distribution after interlayer cooling T cool (x,y) calculates the temperature deviation of the current layer after cooling;

[0031] The temperature deviation calculation formula is: The area integral dA represents the area element, which is equivalent to dx·dy and is used to gradually accumulate the temperature deviation over the entire area in the integral;

[0032] dA = dx·dy, where ΔT cool is the temperature deviation after cooling, T cool (x, y) is the temperature distribution of the surface after cooling, T setpoint is the preset target temperature, A is the total area of ​​the cladding layer;

[0033] Dynamic cooling time adjustment is performed according to the temperature deviation ΔT cool , dynamically adjust the cooling time t cool (n), cooling time adjustment formula: where t cool (n) is the cooling time of the nth layer, t cool,max is the maximum allowed cooling time, t cool,min is the minimum cooling time allowed, t cool,0 is the initial cooling time, γ is the sensitivity coefficient of cooling time adjustment,

[0034] ΔT cool is the temperature deviation after cooling, T setpoint is the preset target temperature;

[0035] Use heat conduction equations to simulate the cooling process and predict and verify the cooling effect;

[0036] Heat conduction equation: Where ρ is the material density, c p is the specific heat capacity of the material, T is the temperature, t is the time, k is the thermal conductivity of the material, ▽ 2 is the Laplace operator, is the temperature change, is the change in time;

[0037] Adjust the cooling time t in real time cool (n) and verify the cooling effect through the temperature monitoring system;

[0038] Through interlayer cooling control, real-time temperature monitoring and feedback are used to adjust the cooling time to ensure uniform temperature distribution of each layer after deposition and avoid local overheating.

[0039] Furthermore, in step S2, titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC nanoparticles are used, the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the welded material by a plasma spraying method, and a nanoparticle-reinforced composite material powder is prepared by a powder metallurgy method.

[0040] Furthermore, in step S2, the nanoparticle-reinforced welded material is prepared by:

[0041] Titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC particles with a particle size range of 50-85nm are selected;

[0042] Dispersing nanoparticles in a matrix material using plasma spraying:

[0043] The substrate material is iron-based alloy and nickel-based alloy, the plasma spraying power is set at 20-40kW; the nozzle diameter is 6-12mm; the plasma gas flow rate is between 20-40L / min; the spraying distance is between 100-200mm;

[0044] Preparation of composite powders by powder metallurgy:

[0045] Mixing: Mix the plasma sprayed matrix material and nanoparticles evenly;

[0046] Pressing: Use hot isostatic pressing to press the mixed powder into a compact for 30-120 minutes, with the pressure set between 100-200 MPa and the temperature set between 800-1200°C;

[0047] Sintering: Sintering is performed in argon for 5-13 hours, and the sintering temperature is set between 1000-1500°C;

[0048] Nanoparticle-reinforced composite powders were prepared.

[0049] Furthermore, multi-layer cladding is performed in step S3: combining the path planning and temperature feedback control in step 1, and the nanoparticle reinforcement material in step 2, the cladding layers are stacked layer by layer to ensure the cladding quality and uniformity of each layer.

[0050] Furthermore, the welding parameter adjustment and multi-layer welding method in step S3 are:

[0051] Assume that the plasma arc current is, the plasma arc voltage is V, and the wire feeding speed is v s Determine the deposition rate of the deposited material, the nozzle diameter is d, the scanning speed is v, the step size is Δx I, and the interlayer cooling time is t cool ;

[0052] Plasma arc power calculation: P = V·I, where P is the plasma arc power;

[0053] Wire feeding speed optimization: Where Q m is the mass flow rate of deposited material, ρ m is the density of the deposited material, A m is the cross-sectional area of ​​the deposited material, m represents the mass of the deposited material, and s represents the time;

[0054] Scanning speed optimization: v = f(P,ρ m ,ΔT), where f represents a function related to the plasma arc power, the density of the deposited material, and the temperature change;

[0055] Use infrared thermal imagers and laser displacement sensors to monitor temperature distribution and melting depth during the cladding process;

[0056] According to the monitoring data, the plasma arc current I, voltage V and wire feeding speed v are adjusted in real time. s ;

[0057]

[0058] Where I(t), V(t), v s (t) are the plasma arc current, voltage and wire feeding speed adjusted in real time, I0, V0, v s0 is the initial setting value, α, β, γ are the adjustment sensitivity coefficients, ΔT is the real-time temperature deviation, T setpoint is the preset target temperature;

[0059] Combine the path planning and temperature feedback control in step 1, and use a variable step length spiral path or a segmented straight path;

[0060] According to the nanoparticle reinforced material prepared in step 2, stacking cladding layers layer by layer;

[0061] This optimizes the plasma arc parameters and wire feeding speed to achieve uniform distribution of nanoparticles during multi-layer cladding, and combines path planning and temperature feedback control to ensure the quality and uniformity of the cladding layer.

[0062] Furthermore, in step S4, based on the simulation results, the deposition parameters are optimized, including interlayer cooling time and deposition sequence, to reduce stress concentration and deformation. The stress distribution and deformation conditions are predicted in advance through the simulation results.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0064] The present invention uses an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution of the surface during the cladding process in real time. According to the real-time temperature data, an adaptive path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the cladding path and speed to ensure uniform heat distribution and reduce heat accumulation. After each layer of cladding, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to temperature feedback to maintain uniform temperature distribution of each layer and avoid local overheating.

[0065] The present invention adopts high-hardness, high-melting-point nanoparticles as the reinforcing phase, and evenly disperses the nanoparticles in the cladding material by ion spraying to prevent particle agglomeration; and adopts nanoparticle-reinforced composite material powder to evenly distribute the nanoparticles in the matrix material.

[0066] The present invention optimizes the plasma arc and wire feeding speed according to the characteristics of the cladding material, so that the nanoparticles are evenly distributed during the cladding process. Combined with optimized path planning and nanoparticle reinforced materials, the cladding layers are stacked layer by layer, so that the cladding quality and uniformity of each layer are guaranteed.

[0067] The present invention adopts a three-dimensional finite element model of a hot-rolled functional plate and a roller to perform thermal-mechanical coupling simulation, predict the stress and deformation distribution during the cladding process, and optimize the cladding parameters (interlayer cooling time, cladding sequence) according to the simulation results to reduce stress concentration and deformation.

[0068] It solves the problems of heat accumulation, stress concentration, coarse structure and poor wear resistance in the process of preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by traditional micro-beam plasma cladding, improves the uniformity of the cladding layer and material properties, and extends the service life of the hot-rolled functional plates and rollers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the process of preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by microbeam plasma deposition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0072] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0073] Example 1

[0074] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-beam plasma cladding, comprising:

[0075] Step S1, temperature feedback control, real-time temperature monitoring, and dynamically adjusting the deposition path and speed using a variable step-length spiral path planning algorithm; after each layer of deposition, adjusting the interlayer cooling time according to temperature feedback;

[0076] In step S1, the temperature feedback control method includes:

[0077] Use infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution of the surface in real time during the deposition process;

[0078] According to the real-time temperature data, the variable step length spiral path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the deposition path and speed to make the heat evenly distributed and reduce heat accumulation;

[0079] After each layer is deposited, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to the temperature feedback to make the temperature distribution of each layer uniform and avoid local overheating. By accurately controlling the cooling time, the interlayer temperature can be prevented from being too high, ensuring the uniformity and stability of each layer.

[0080] During the process of path planning and temperature feedback control, the generated temperature data and path adjustment parameters provide a basis for subsequent steps to maintain uniform heat distribution during the deposition process;

[0081] Specifically, the infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature in real time, and the variable step-length spiral path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the deposition path and speed to achieve uniform heat distribution during the deposition process; effectively reduce heat accumulation and avoid local overheating; especially the temperature feedback control after each layer of deposition, which makes the temperature between layers uniform and stable, greatly improving the uniformity and consistency of deposition quality;

[0082] The dynamic adjustment method of the deposition path and speed in step S1 includes:

[0083] Initialization parameters, including initial step size d0, spiral radius R, initial angle θ0, angular velocity ω, initial deposition velocity v0;

[0084] Assume that the temperature feedback adjustment coefficient is α (sensitivity coefficient of step size adjustment), the temperature feedback adjustment coefficient is β (sensitivity coefficient of speed adjustment), and the target temperature is T setpoint , the maximum step length is d max , the minimum step length is d min ;

[0085] Use an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature of the weld surface in real time and obtain real-time temperature data T(x,y,t);

[0086] Calculate the current point (x t ,y t ) temperature deviation ΔT, ΔT=T(x t ,y t ,t)-T setpoint ;

[0087] According to the temperature deviation ΔT, the step length d(t) is dynamically adjusted. The step length adjustment formula is: Where d(t) is the current step size, t represents the current time step, and d max is the maximum allowed step size, d min is the minimum allowed step size;

[0088] Update the spiral path and update the angle θ(t): θ(t) = θ0 + ω·t, where θ(t) is the current angle and t is the time;

[0089] Update the spiral path coordinates (x t ,y t ): where x t and t is the current path coordinate, R is the spiral radius;

[0090] Adjust the deposition speed v(t) according to the step length d(t), adjust the dynamic speed, and the speed adjustment formula is: Where v(t) is the current deposition speed, v0 is the initial deposition speed, and β is the sensitivity coefficient of speed adjustment;

[0091] Perform real-time path planning. At time t, the path coordinates (x t ,y t ) and speed v(t) are updated in real time;

[0092] The variable step-length spiral path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the deposition path and speed, so that the heat distribution during the deposition process is uniform and heat accumulation is reduced;

[0093] In order to ensure uniform temperature distribution of each layer after deposition and avoid local overheating, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to temperature feedback. The interlayer cooling control methods include: initialization cooling time t cool,0 , maximum cooling time t cool,max , minimum cooling time t cool,min , temperature feedback adjustment coefficient γ and target temperature T setpoint ;

[0094] Based on real-time temperature data T layer (x, y, t) and the temperature distribution after interlayer cooling T cool (x,y) calculates the temperature deviation of the current layer after cooling;

[0095] The temperature deviation calculation formula is: The area integral dA represents the area element, which is equivalent to dx·dy and is used to gradually accumulate the temperature deviation over the entire area in the integral;

[0096] dA = dx·dy, where ΔT cool is the temperature deviation after cooling, T cool (x, y) is the temperature distribution of the surface after cooling, T setpoint is the preset target temperature, A is the total area of ​​the cladding layer;

[0097] Dynamic cooling time adjustment is performed according to the temperature deviation ΔT cool , dynamically adjust the cooling time t cool (n), cooling time adjustment formula: where t cool (n) is the cooling time of the nth layer, t cool,max is the maximum allowed cooling time, t cool,min is the minimum cooling time allowed, t cool,0 is the initial cooling time, γ is the sensitivity coefficient of cooling time adjustment,

[0098] ΔT cool is the temperature deviation after cooling, T setpoint is the preset target temperature;

[0099] Use heat conduction equations to simulate the cooling process and predict and verify the cooling effect;

[0100] Heat conduction equation: Where ρ is the material density, c p is the specific heat capacity of the material, T is the temperature, t is the time, k is the thermal conductivity of the material, ▽ 2is the Laplace operator, is the temperature change, is the change in time;

[0101] Adjust the cooling time t in real time cool (n) and verify the cooling effect through the temperature monitoring system;

[0102] Through interlayer cooling control, real-time temperature monitoring and feedback are used to adjust the cooling time to ensure uniform temperature distribution of each layer after deposition and avoid local overheating;

[0103] In addition, the deposited material is prone to coarse structure and poor wear resistance at high temperature, which affects the service life and performance of hot-rolled functional plates and rollers. At present, alloy elements (such as chromium, molybdenum, etc.) are usually added to the deposited material and composite materials are used (hard particles such as tungsten carbide and titanium carbide are added to the matrix material) to address this problem. Although these methods improve material properties, there are still problems such as uneven particle distribution and agglomeration of nanoparticles, resulting in inconsistent local performance and failure to fully exert the enhancement effect.

[0104] Step S2, preparing nanoparticle-reinforced welded material;

[0105] Titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC nanoparticles are used, the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the welded material by plasma spraying, and the nanoparticle-reinforced composite material powder is prepared by powder metallurgy;

[0106] Specifically, nanoparticle-reinforced composite powder is prepared by plasma spraying and powder metallurgy of titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC nanoparticles; the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the matrix material, significantly improving the hardness, wear resistance and high-temperature stability of the deposited material, solving the problems of coarse structure and poor wear resistance in traditional materials, and extending the service life of hot-rolled functional plates and rollers;

[0107] The preparation method of the nanoparticle reinforced cladding material in step S2 is:

[0108] Titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC particles with a particle size range of 50-85nm are selected;

[0109] Dispersing nanoparticles in a matrix material using plasma spraying:

[0110] The substrate material is iron-based alloy and nickel-based alloy, the plasma spraying power is set at 20-40kW; the nozzle diameter is 6-12mm; the plasma gas flow rate is between 20-40L / min; the spraying distance is between 100-200mm;

[0111] Preparation of composite powders by powder metallurgy:

[0112] Mixing: Mix the plasma sprayed matrix material and nanoparticles evenly;

[0113] Pressing: Use hot isostatic pressing to press the mixed powder into a compact for 30-120 minutes, with the pressure set between 100-200 MPa and the temperature set between 800-1200°C;

[0114] Sintering: Sintering is performed in argon for 5-13 hours, and the sintering temperature is set between 1000-1500°C;

[0115] Prepare nanoparticle-reinforced composite powders;

[0116] Step S3, adjusting the deposition parameters, optimizing the plasma arc parameters and the wire feeding speed according to the characteristics of the deposition material prepared in step 2, so as to evenly distribute the nanoparticles during the deposition process;

[0117] In step S3, multi-layer cladding is performed:

[0118] Combined with the path planning and temperature feedback control in step 1 and the nanoparticle reinforcement material in step 2, the cladding layers are stacked layer by layer to ensure the cladding quality and uniformity of each layer;

[0119] Specifically, uniform distribution of nanoparticles during multilayer cladding was achieved by optimizing plasma arc parameters (current, voltage, wire feeding speed, etc.) and adopting variable step-length spiral path planning;

[0120] The welding parameter adjustment and multi-layer welding method in step S3 are:

[0121] Assume that the plasma arc current is, the plasma arc voltage is V, and the wire feeding speed is v s Determine the deposition rate of the deposited material, the nozzle diameter is d, the scanning speed is v, the step size is Δx I, and the interlayer cooling time is t cool ;

[0122] Plasma arc power calculation: P = V·I, where P is the plasma arc power;

[0123] Wire feeding speed optimization: Where Q m is the mass flow rate of deposited material, ρ m is the density of the deposited material, A m is the cross-sectional area of ​​the deposited material, m represents the mass of the deposited material, and s represents the time;

[0124] Scanning speed optimization: v = f(P,ρ m ,ΔT), where f represents a function related to the plasma arc power, the density of the deposited material, and the temperature change;

[0125] Use infrared thermal imagers and laser displacement sensors to monitor temperature distribution and melting depth during the cladding process;

[0126] According to the monitoring data, the plasma arc current I, voltage V and wire feeding speed v are adjusted in real time. s ;

[0127]

[0128] Where I(t), V(t), v s (t) are the plasma arc current, voltage and wire feeding speed adjusted in real time, I0, V0, v s0 is the initial setting value, α, β, γ are the adjustment sensitivity coefficients, ΔT is the real-time temperature deviation, T setpoint is the preset target temperature;

[0129] Combine the path planning and temperature feedback control in step 1, and use a variable step length spiral path or a segmented straight path;

[0130] According to the nanoparticle reinforced material prepared in step 2, stacking cladding layers layer by layer;

[0131] Specifically, the dynamic adjustment of wire feeding speed and cladding path significantly improves the quality and uniformity of each cladding layer; the multi-layer cladding method ensures the bonding strength and structural integrity of each layer, avoiding interlayer separation and stress concentration problems;

[0132] Step S4, stress and deformation simulation prediction, based on the output data of step S1, step S2 and step S3, a three-dimensional finite element model of the hot-rolled functional plate and the roller is established, and a thermal-mechanical coupling simulation is performed to predict the stress and deformation distribution during the deposition process;

[0133] Specifically, a thermal-mechanical coupling simulation was performed through a three-dimensional finite element model of the hot-rolled functional plate and roller to predict the stress and deformation distribution during the deposition process. Based on the simulation results, the deposition parameters were optimized, including the interlayer cooling time and deposition sequence, effectively reducing stress concentration and deformation.

[0134] In step S4, based on the simulation results, the deposition parameters are optimized, including interlayer cooling time and deposition sequence, to reduce stress concentration and deformation. The stress distribution and deformation are predicted in advance through the simulation results.

[0135] Specifically, by predicting stress distribution and deformation in advance, the performance and stability of the product in actual use can be guaranteed, and the overall production reliability and quality control level can be improved.

[0136] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-beam plasma deposition, characterized in that: include: Step S1, temperature feedback control, real-time temperature monitoring, and dynamically adjusting the deposition path and speed using a variable step-length spiral path planning algorithm; after each layer of deposition, adjusting the interlayer cooling time according to temperature feedback; Step S2, preparing nanoparticle-reinforced welded material; Step S3, adjusting the deposition parameters, optimizing the plasma arc parameters and the wire feeding speed according to the characteristics of the deposition material prepared in step 2, so as to evenly distribute the nanoparticles during the deposition process; Step S4, stress and deformation simulation prediction, based on the output data of step S1, step S2 and step S3, establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the hot-rolled functional plate and roller, perform thermal-mechanical coupling simulation, and predict the stress and deformation distribution during the deposition process.

2. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the temperature feedback control method includes: Use infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution of the surface in real time during the deposition process; According to the real-time temperature data, the variable step length spiral path planning algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the deposition path and speed; After each layer is deposited, the interlayer cooling time is adjusted according to temperature feedback.

3. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dynamic adjustment method of the deposition path and speed in step S1 includes: Initialization parameters, including initial step size d0, spiral radius R, initial angle θ0, angular velocity ω, initial deposition velocity v0; Assume that the temperature feedback adjustment coefficient is α (sensitivity coefficient of step size adjustment), the temperature feedback adjustment coefficient is β (sensitivity coefficient of speed adjustment), and the target temperature is T setpoint , the maximum step length is d max , the minimum step length is d min ; Use an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature of the weld surface in real time and obtain real-time temperature data T(x,y,t); Calculate the current point (x t ,y t ) temperature deviation ΔT, ΔT=T(x t ,y t ,t) -T setpoint ; According to the temperature deviation ΔT, the step length d(t) is dynamically adjusted. The step length adjustment formula is: Where d(t) is the current step size, t represents the current time step, and d max is the maximum allowed step length, d min is the minimum allowed step size.

4. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The dynamic adjustment method of the deposition path and speed in step S1 also includes: Update the spiral path and update the angle θ(t): θ(t) = θ0 + ω·t, where θ(t) is the current angle and t is the time; Update the spiral path coordinates (x t ,y t ): where x t and t is the current path coordinate, R is the spiral radius; Adjust the deposition speed v(t) according to the step length d(t), adjust the dynamic speed, and the speed adjustment formula is: Where v(t) is the current deposition speed, v0 is the initial deposition speed, and β is the sensitivity coefficient of speed adjustment; Perform real-time path planning. At time t, the path coordinates (x t ,y t ) and velocity v(t) are updated in real time.

5. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the interlayer cooling control method includes: Initialization cooling time t cool,0 , maximum cooling time t cool,max , minimum cooling time t cool,min , temperature feedback adjustment coefficient γ and target temperature T setpoint ; Based on real-time temperature data T layer (x, y, t) and the temperature distribution after interlayer cooling T cool (x,y) calculates the temperature deviation of the current layer after cooling; The temperature deviation calculation formula is: The area integral dA represents the area element, which is equivalent to dx·dy and is used to gradually accumulate the temperature deviation over the entire area in the integral; dA = dx·dy, where ΔT cool is the temperature deviation after cooling, T cool (x, y) is the temperature distribution of the surface after cooling, T setpoint is the preset target temperature, A is the total area of ​​the cladding layer; Dynamic cooling time adjustment is performed according to the temperature deviation ΔT cool , dynamically adjust the cooling time t cool (n), cooling time adjustment formula: where t cool (n) is the cooling time of the nth layer, t cool,max is the maximum allowed cooling time, t cool,min is the minimum cooling time allowed, t cool,0 is the initial cooling time, γ is the sensitivity coefficient of cooling time adjustment, ΔT cool is the temperature deviation after cooling, T setpoint is the preset target temperature; Use heat conduction equations to simulate the cooling process and predict and verify the cooling effect; Heat conduction equation: Where ρ is the material density, c p is the specific heat capacity of the material, T is the temperature, t is the time, k is the thermal conductivity of the material, is the Laplace operator, θT is the change in temperature, and θt is the change in time; Adjust the cooling time t in real time cool (n) And verify the cooling effect through the temperature monitoring system.

6. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC nanoparticles are used, and the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the welded material by a plasma spraying method, and a nanoparticle-reinforced composite material powder is prepared by a powder metallurgy method.

7. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nanoparticle reinforced cladding material in step S2 is: Titanium carbide TiC and silicon carbide SiC particles with a particle size range of 50-85nm are selected; Dispersing nanoparticles in a matrix material using plasma spraying: The substrate material is iron-based alloy and nickel-based alloy, the plasma spraying power is set at 20-40kW; the nozzle diameter is 6-12mm; the plasma gas flow rate is between 20-40L / min; the spraying distance is between 100-200mm; Preparation of composite powders by powder metallurgy: Mixing: Mix the plasma sprayed matrix material and nanoparticles evenly; Pressing: Use hot isostatic pressing to press the mixed powder into a compact for 30-120 minutes, with the pressure set between 100-200 MPa and the temperature set between 800-1200°C; Sintering: Sintering is performed in argon for 5-13 hours, and the sintering temperature is set between 1000-1500°C.

8. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, multi-layer cladding is performed: combining the path planning and temperature feedback control in step 1 and the nanoparticle reinforcement material in step 2, the cladding layers are stacked layer by layer.

9. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 8, characterized in that: The welding parameter adjustment and multi-layer welding method in step S3 are as follows: Assume that the plasma arc current is, the plasma arc voltage is V, and the wire feeding speed is v s Determine the deposition rate of the deposited material, the nozzle diameter is d, the scanning speed is v, the step size is Δx I, and the interlayer cooling time is t cool ; Plasma arc power calculation: P = V·I, where P is the plasma arc power; Wire feeding speed optimization: Where Q m is the mass flow rate of deposited material, ρ m is the density of the deposited material, A m is the cross-sectional area of ​​the deposited material, m represents the mass of the deposited material, and s represents the time; Scanning speed optimization: v = f(P,ρ m ,ΔT), where f represents a function related to the plasma arc power, the density of the deposited material, and the temperature change; Use infrared thermal imagers and laser displacement sensors to monitor temperature distribution and melting depth during the cladding process; According to the monitoring data, the plasma arc current I, voltage V and wire feeding speed v are adjusted in real time. s ; Where I(t), V(t), v s (t) are the plasma arc current, voltage and wire feeding speed adjusted in real time, I0, V0, v s0 is the initial setting value, α, β, γ are the adjustment sensitivity coefficients, ΔT is the real-time temperature deviation, T setpoint is the preset target temperature; Combine the path planning and temperature feedback control in step 1, and use a variable step length spiral path or a segmented straight path; According to the nanoparticle reinforced material prepared in step 2, the cladding layers are stacked layer by layer.

10. The process for preparing hot-rolled functional plates and rollers by micro-plasma deposition according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, the deposition parameters are optimized according to the simulation results, including interlayer cooling time and deposition sequence.

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