Reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging requirements

Abstract

The invention discloses a reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging demands, and the method comprises the steps: determining a scheduling target river reach based on the fish inhabiting and breeding habitat feature information and spawning site distribution information of a to-be-researched reservoir region; constructing a hydrodynamic model according to the dispatching target river reach; acquiring first hydrological demand information for scheduling the target fishes to lay eggs in the breeding season and second hydrological demand information for scheduling the target fishes to find food in the non-breeding season; on the basis of a hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, determining the ecological flow discharged by the reservoir; determining reservoir water level regulation and control information based on the water level change demand information for scheduling the target fishes to spawn in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season; and performing reservoir ecological scheduling according to the reservoir discharged ecological flow and the reservoir water level regulation and control information. According to the technical scheme, the adverse effect of reservoir dispatching operation on fish oviposition and foraging can be relieved, and fish resource recovery and biodiversity protection are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the ecological field, and particularly relates to a reservoir ecological dispatching method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs. Background Art

[0002] Fish are an important biological group in river ecosystems, playing a vital role in maintaining local biodiversity and improving the structure and function of ecosystems. The realization of fish life activities such as natural reproduction and foraging is closely related to specific water temperature and hydrological processes. However, changes in water temperature and hydrological conditions caused by the operation of cascade reservoirs will affect fish life activities such as reproduction and foraging, and thus affect fish diversity and its resources. In order to mitigate the impact of reservoir water storage on fish survival and reproduction, it is necessary to use reservoir ecological regulation to create suitable spawning and foraging habitats as much as possible for the protection of fish resources and diversity. Existing reservoir ecological regulation usually only considers spawning needs, and does not consider the foraging needs of fish in the non-breeding season.

[0003] However, there is currently no reservoir ecological scheduling method that comprehensively considers the spawning and foraging needs of fish. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs, the method comprising:

[0005] Based on the habitat characteristic information of fishes and the distribution information of spawning grounds in the reservoir area to be studied, the target river section for scheduling is determined; a hydrodynamic model is constructed according to the target river section for scheduling, and the hydrodynamic model is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section for scheduling; the first hydrological demand information of the scheduling target fishes for spawning in the breeding season and the second hydrological demand information for foraging in the non-breeding season are obtained; based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir is determined; based on the water level change demand information of the scheduling target fishes for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season, the water level regulation information of the reservoir is determined; and the ecological scheduling of the reservoir is carried out according to the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir and the water level regulation information of the reservoir.

[0006] In the reservoir ecological dispatching method integrating fish spawning and foraging needs as described above, optionally, determining the reservoir downstream ecological flow based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information includes:

[0007] According to the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rules for the scheduling target fish are established; a habitat adaptability analysis model is constructed according to the hydrodynamic model and the habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rules for the scheduling target fish; the habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow condition information required by the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season; and the reservoir downstream ecological flow is determined according to the flow condition information.

[0008] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging needs as described above, optionally, establishing the habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rule of the scheduling target fish based on the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information includes:

[0009] According to the first hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve based on a single factor for spawning of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season is established, and the first single factor has three types, namely: water temperature, water depth and flow rate; based on the second hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve based on a second single factor for foraging of the scheduling target fish in the non-breeding season is established, and the second single factor has two types, namely: water depth and flow rate; fuzzy rules for habitat suitability for spawning of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season and fuzzy rules for habitat suitability for foraging in the non-breeding season are established respectively.

[0010] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method for integrating fish spawning and foraging needs as described above, optionally, the habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow condition information required by the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season, including:

[0011] The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow information when the suitable habitat area of ​​the scheduling target river section meets the preset threshold conditions when each of the scheduling target fish species spawns in the breeding season and forages in the non-breeding season; the habitat suitability simulation analysis results of all the scheduling target fish species in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season are integrated, and the downstream ecological flow of the reservoir during the spawning season and foraging in the non-breeding season of the scheduling target fish species is determined by union solution and combination with historical flow information of different months.

[0012] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging needs as described above, optionally, the reservoir water level regulation information is determined based on the water level change demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season, including:

[0013] According to the daily water level and flow changes under the natural runoff conditions of the scheduling target river section and the water depth information of resource distribution, the water level change demand information for all scheduling target fish to spawn in the breeding season and forage in the non-breeding season is determined; based on the water level change demand information, the reservoir water level regulation information is determined.

[0014] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs as described above, optionally, the first hydrological demand information includes: water temperature, water depth and flow rate.

[0015] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs as described above, optionally, the second hydrological demand information includes: water depth and flow rate.

[0016] The beneficial effects brought by this embodiment are as follows:

[0017] The target river section for scheduling is determined based on the habitat characteristics of fishes and the distribution of spawning grounds in the reservoir area to be studied; a hydrodynamic model is constructed based on the target river section for scheduling; the first hydrological demand information for spawning in the breeding season and the second hydrological demand information for foraging in the non-breeding season of the scheduling target fishes are obtained; the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir is determined based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information; the water level regulation information of the reservoir is determined based on the water level change demand information for the scheduling target fishes for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season; the ecological scheduling of the reservoir is carried out according to the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir and the water level regulation information of the reservoir, which can alleviate the adverse effects of reservoir scheduling on the natural reproduction and foraging of fishes and promote the recovery of fish resources and the protection of diversity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a reservoir ecological dispatching method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A habitat suitability curve of the water temperature required for spawning of thick-lipped naked mackerel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A habitat suitability curve for the water depth required for spawning of thick-lipped naked croaker provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A habitat suitability curve for the flow rate required for spawning of thick-lipped naked mackerel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 The suitable habitat area for spawning of Thick-lipped Naked Heavy-lipped under different flow scenarios provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6The hydraulic habitat index of the thick-lipped naked heavy lip during spawning under different flow scenarios provided by the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs, and the method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 101, based on the habitat characteristic information of fishes and the distribution information of spawning grounds in the reservoir area to be studied, determine the target river section for scheduling.

[0027] The implementation methods of this step include but are not limited to: analyzing river sections with high natural habitat integrity and sustainability through habitat characteristics. Analyzing river sections with important spawning grounds through early fish resource survey information and historical data information. Determining the distribution location of the scheduling target river section based on comprehensive habitat characteristics, distribution of important spawning grounds, etc.

[0028] Step 102, constructing a hydrodynamic model according to the scheduling target river section, the hydrodynamic model is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the scheduling target river section.

[0029] The implementation methods of this step include but are not limited to: constructing a hydrodynamic model suitable for simulating the water depth and flow rate of the scheduling target river section according to the scheduling target river section determined in 101, based on the water level and flow data of the upstream and downstream of the scheduling target river section, and integrating the topographic data of the scheduling target river channel (and the scheduling target river section); simulating and predicting the water depth and flow rate distribution information of the scheduling target river section under different inflow flow and water storage level conditions through the constructed hydrodynamic model.

[0030] Step 103, obtaining first hydrological demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and second hydrological demand information for foraging in the non-breeding season.

[0031] The implementation of this step includes but is not limited to: comprehensive data survey information, early resource survey information and hydrological situation information of the target river section under natural conditions, etc., to analyze the hydrological demand information of the target fish for spawning during the breeding season, including the distribution range of water temperature, water depth, flow rate and daily water level fluctuation in the spawning month. The implementation of this step includes but is not limited to: comprehensive fish feeding habits analysis and hydrological situation of the target river section under natural conditions, etc., to analyze the hydrological demand information that meets the foraging needs of the target fish in the non-breeding season, including: suitable water depth and daily water level fluctuation for foraging needs in the non-breeding season.

[0032] It should be noted that: first determine the number of the scheduling target fish species, and then execute this step for each scheduling target fish species.

[0033] Step 104, determining the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information.

[0034] The implementation method of this step includes but is not limited to: based on the information on fish spawning and foraging needs, establish habitat suitability index curves for single factors such as water temperature, water depth and flow rate required for spawning and foraging for each scheduling target fish; then, establish fuzzy rules for habitat suitability for scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season.

[0035] The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow conditions required by each scheduling target fish during the breeding and spawning season and foraging in the non-breeding season, and to determine the ecological flow of reservoir discharge.

[0036] Specifically: Based on the hydrodynamic model constructed above, the habitat suitability curve established above and the fuzzy rules for habitat suitability assessment, a habitat suitability analysis model is constructed to simulate and analyze the flow information of each scheduling target fish when the suitable habitat area of ​​the target river section meets the preset conditions during breeding and spawning and foraging in the non-breeding season. The preset condition may be when the suitable habitat area is at its maximum value.

[0037] The simulation analysis results of habitat suitability of all ecological scheduling target fish in the breeding season and non-breeding season are integrated, solved through union, and combined with the historical flow data information analysis of different months to determine the downstream ecological flow of the reservoir in the fish breeding and non-breeding seasons.

[0038] Step 105, determining reservoir water level regulation information based on the water level change demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season.

[0039] Step 106, performing reservoir ecological dispatching according to the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir and the reservoir water level control information.

[0040] Through such a design, the adverse effects of reservoir operation on the natural reproduction and foraging of fish can be alleviated, and the recovery of fish resources and the protection of diversity can be promoted. In addition, in the implementation of reservoir ecological operation, it is very important to comprehensively consider the spawning and foraging needs of fish for more scientific and effective reservoir ecological operation.

[0041] The following uses Banduo Reservoir as an implementation area to explain in detail the process of using this method to determine the reservoir ecological dispatching plan that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs:

[0042] Step 1) Determine the target river section for scheduling.

[0043] The river section from Maqu County to the tail of Longyangxia Reservoir is dominated by alpine canyon landforms, with narrow river channels and turbulent water. Important fish habitats are mainly concentrated in local wide valley sections, including: Lajia Town River Section, Banduo to Tangnaihai River Section and Longyangxia Reservoir Tail River Section.

[0044] Through on-site investigation and collection of historical survey information, the distribution information of fish spawning grounds was obtained, that is, the main fish spawning grounds in the main stream of the Ciha to Yangqu River section are: the spawning ground in the Lajia Town section of the Yellow River, the spawning ground in the Tuanjie Village-Qushi'an Town section downstream of the Bando Dam site, the spawning ground in the river section upstream of the Kaligang Bridge, the spawning ground in the river section of Shangluquan Village, the spawning ground in the river section of Tangnaihai Township and the spawning ground in the river section of Yehuxia, etc.

[0045] In summary, the target river section for regulation is determined to be the section from Banduo to Tangnaihai, that is, the section from Banduo to Tangnaihai is determined to be the distribution location of the target river section for regulation. The method of determination can be that the target river section for regulation is both an important habitat for fish and a fish spawning ground.

[0046] Step 2) construct a hydrodynamic model, which is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section for scheduling.

[0047] After the scheduling target river section is determined, a hydrodynamic model suitable for simulating the water depth and flow rate of the scheduling target river section is constructed based on the water level and flow data of the upstream and downstream of the scheduling target river section and integrating the topographic data of the scheduling target river channel (corresponding to the scheduling target river section). The hydrodynamic model can be a one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model. This embodiment does not specifically limit the method for constructing the hydrodynamic model.

[0048] Through the constructed hydrodynamic model, the ecological limit water level of Yangqu Reservoir is simulated and predicted to be 2710m, the planned design maximum operating water level is 2715m, and the Banduo Reservoir has different outflows, such as 50-3000m 3 , the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section for scheduling.

[0049] Step 3) Obtain the first hydrological demand information of the target fish for spawning during the breeding season.

[0050] According to the data survey, early resource survey and hydrological situation information such as water temperature, flow, water level, flow rate, etc. of the relevant hydrological stations of the scheduling target river section under natural conditions, the first hydrological demand information required for spawning in the breeding season of the scheduling target fish is analyzed, and the first hydrological demand information includes: water temperature, water depth and flow rate. Specifically, the appropriate water temperature, water depth, flow rate, etc. are mainly determined based on the results of early resource surveys. If the on-site survey data is not obtained, it is necessary to rely on relevant data surveys or obtain the appropriate range of water temperature, water depth, flow rate, etc. according to the water temperature and flow measured by the hydrological station of the fish in the scheduling target river section during the breeding season under natural conditions. It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the method for determining the scheduling target fish, which can be a prior art. There are 8 types of scheduling target fish determined in this embodiment, including: thick-lipped naked heavy lip fish, Yellow River plateau loach, Yellow River naked split tail fish, pseudo catfish plateau loach, spotted naked carp, thorny goby, bone-lipped Yellow River fish and polar flat pharyngeal tooth fish.

[0051] Usually, each type of scheduling target fish has its own first hydrological demand information for spawning during the breeding season. Based on the habitat survey in the Cihaxia-Yangqu River section, combined with the calculation results of the birth dates of fry and juveniles, the water temperature distribution range, water depth distribution range and flow velocity distribution range of various scheduling target fish during spawning during the breeding season were obtained, and then the daily average water temperature distribution range of 8 types of scheduling target fish was obtained, for example, 10.2-17.6℃, with an average of 13.4℃; the water depth distribution range was 0.18-1.9m, with an average of 0.60m; the flow velocity distribution range was 0.05-1.6m / s, with an average of 0.57m / s.

[0052] Step 4) obtaining the second hydrological demand information of the scheduling target fish for foraging in the non-breeding season.

[0053] Based on the comprehensive analysis of fish feeding habits and the hydrological information such as flow, water level, flow velocity, etc. of relevant hydrological stations in the target river section under natural conditions, the second hydrological demand information required to meet the foraging needs of the target fish in the non-breeding season is analyzed. The second hydrological demand information includes: water depth and flow velocity.

[0054] Usually, each type of scheduling target fish has its own second hydrological demand information for foraging in the non-breeding season. The eight types of scheduling target fish determined above are all fish species that mainly feed on attached algae and / or benthic invertebrates. Since attached algae and benthic invertebrates are usually distributed in shallow water and gravel habitats, during the non-breeding season of the scheduling target fish, a larger area of ​​shallow water and gravel habitats at the banks of the scheduling target river sections and the river islands should be maintained as much as possible. Considering that the light compensation point depth of frozen rivers in the north is usually about 1.5m, in the non-breeding season, there are more habitats with a gravel bottom and a water depth of 1.5m, which is more beneficial for the foraging of the scheduling target fish. In this embodiment, the second hydrological demand information for foraging in the non-breeding season for each type of scheduling target fish is the same.

[0055] Based on the hydrological data of the Tangnaihai hydrological station section, the daily water level fluctuations in the non-breeding season (such as September to March of the following year) were statistically analyzed. The results showed that during the period from 2002 to 2022, the daily water level fluctuations of more than 99% of the dates at the Tangnaihai hydrological station were between -0.50m and 0.50m. According to the daily fluctuations, in order to ensure that the algae required for fish foraging can survive and be submerged in water, that is, they cannot remain in the air, the minimum required water depth is 0.5m. Based on the measured relationship between water depth and flow velocity, it is determined that the suitable flow velocity range for the growth and survival of algae required for fish foraging is 0.5-0.8m / s.

[0056] Step 5), based on the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, establish a habitat suitability curve for the scheduling target fish and a fuzzy rule for habitat suitability assessment.

[0057] The process of establishing the habitat suitability curve for the target fish species is as follows:

[0058] Based on the spawning needs of fish (or the first hydrological demand information), habitat suitability index curves (or habitat suitability curves) of single factors such as water temperature, water depth and flow velocity required for spawning in the breeding season were established for the eight target fish species. That is, each target fish species has its own corresponding habitat suitability curve for spawning in the breeding season.

[0059] Based on the foraging needs of fish (or the second hydrological demand information), the habitat suitability index curves (or habitat suitability curves) of the single factors such as water depth and flow rate required by the eight scheduling target fish for foraging in the non-breeding season are established, that is, each scheduling target fish has its own corresponding habitat suitability curve for foraging in the non-breeding season. Since the eight scheduling target fish are all fish species that mainly feed on algae and / or benthic invertebrates, the suitability index curve established is only one, which is applicable to these eight scheduling target fish.

[0060] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 Taking the breeding period of thick-lipped naked bream as an example, water temperature less than 6.0℃ or flow rate less than 0.3m / s or water depth less than 0.6m is considered very low / very low (VL); water temperature between 5-8℃ or flow rate between 0.1-0.4m / s or water depth between 0.3-1.2m is considered low (L); water temperature between 6-16℃ or water depth between 0.9-3.0m or flow rate between 0.2-1.0m / s is considered medium / medium (M); water temperature between 13-17℃ or water depth between 2.1-3.9m or flow rate between 0.8-1.3m / s is considered high (H); water temperature above 15℃ or water depth greater than 3.0m or flow rate greater than 1.1m / s is considered very high / very high (VH). VL, L, M, H, VH represent different levels.

[0061] The process of establishing fuzzy rules for habitat suitability assessment is as follows:

[0062] Specifically, the fuzzy rules of habitat suitability for spawning of the target fish in the breeding season and the fuzzy rules of habitat suitability for foraging in the non-breeding season are established respectively. The fuzzy rules of habitat suitability for spawning of the target fish in the breeding season are shown in Table 1, and the fuzzy rules of habitat suitability for foraging of the target fish in the non-breeding season are shown in Table 2. It should be noted that the fuzzy rules of habitat suitability for spawning of various target fish in the breeding season are shown in Table 1, and the fuzzy rules of habitat suitability for foraging of various target fish in the non-breeding season are shown in Table 2.

[0063] In the table, when any variable is "very low" (VL) or "very high" (VH), its suitability is "very low" (VL); when all variables are "medium" (M), a very high suitability (VH) will appear; when two variables are "medium" (M) and the other variable is not "very low" (VL) or "very high" (VH), the habitat composed of the three variables is also highly suitable (M or H) for the spawning of the parent fish of the scheduling target fish. However, for example: when the water temperature is at level "M" and the water depth or flow rate is at level "H" or "L", the corresponding suitability is "M", indicating that there is a compensatory effect between the variables. However, for some cases, the compensatory effect will disappear, for example, when the water temperature is too low, even if the other two habitat conditions are very good, it is likely to be unfavorable for the spawning and reproduction of fish parent fish. WHE (whatever), that is, when the water temperature is very low, no matter what the water depth and flow rate are, the suitability is low. HSI (Habitat Suitability Index, Habitat Suitability Index / Habitat Suitability Index).

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Step 6) Use the habitat suitability analysis model to simulate and analyze the flow information required for the target fish to spawn in the breeding season and forage in the non-breeding season, and determine the ecological flow of the reservoir.

[0070] Based on the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 2) and the habitat suitability curve and fuzzy rules for habitat suitability assessment established in step 5), a habitat suitability analysis model is constructed to simulate and analyze the flow information when the suitable habitat area of ​​the target river section meets the preset threshold conditions when each scheduling target fish spawns in the breeding season and forages in the non-breeding season. The preset threshold condition may be when the suitable habitat area is the largest. The method used in the construction may be CASiMiR (Computer Aided Simulation Model for Instream Flow Regulations) and other methods. This embodiment does not specifically limit the method used in constructing the model, and it may be an existing method. When constructing the habitat adaptability analysis model, it may be based on the hydrodynamic model, the habitat suitability curves of 8 types of scheduling target fish, and the fuzzy rules for habitat suitability assessment, wherein the habitat suitability curves of the 8 types of scheduling target fish include: the habitat suitability curves of 8 types of scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and the habitat suitability curves of 8 types of scheduling target fish for foraging in the non-breeding season. The fuzzy rules for habitat suitability assessment include: fuzzy rules for scheduling target fish to spawn in the breeding season, and fuzzy rules for scheduling target fish to forage in the non-breeding season.

[0071] When applied, the constructed habitat suitability analysis model takes the flow and water level information of each scheduling target fish species during spawning in the breeding season or foraging in the non-breeding season as input, and the suitable habitat area WUA and HHS under different flow and water level conditions can be obtained. Taking the thick-lipped naked fish as an example, by constructing a habitat suitability analysis model, the relationship between the suitable habitat area (weighted usable area, WUA) during natural reproduction and the change of flow and water level can be found in Figure 5 As shown, in Figure 5 Middle: Under the condition of 2710m water level, when the flow is 150m 3 / s, WUA is maximum; under the condition of 2715m water level, when the flow is 170m 3 / s, WUA is the largest. The relationship between the hydraulic habitat suitability index (HHS) and flow and water level during the natural reproduction of thick-lipped naked bream can be found in Figure 6 As shown, in Figure 6 Medium: Under the condition of 2710m water level, when the flow rate is 80-170m 3 / s, the HHS value is the largest, which is 0.23; at the water level of 2715m, the HHS value is the largest, which is 0.23; at the water level of 140-200m 3 / s, the HHS value is the largest, which is 0.14. The method to determine the ecological flow can be to find the intersection. For example, under the above-mentioned water level condition of 2710m, when the flow is between 80-170m 3 / s, the HHS value is the largest; when the flow rate is between 150m 3 / s, WUA is the largest, so the final ecological flow is 150-170m 3 / s.

[0072] The simulation analysis results of the habitat suitability of 8 different scheduling target fish species for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season were integrated, and the results were solved by union. Combined with the historical flow data analysis of different months, it was determined that the suitable discharge flow range of Bando Reservoir in the main breeding period / season (April-June) or the secondary breeding period (July-August) was 130-510m 3 / s, and the appropriate minimum discharge flow is 130m 3 / s; in the non-breeding period / season (September to March of the following year), the suitable discharge flow range of Bando is 56-510m 3 / s, the appropriate minimum discharge flow is 56m 3 / s.

[0073] Step 7) based on the demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season for daily water level changes, determine the water level control information required for the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season.

[0074] According to the results of daily water level and flow changes under natural or quasi-natural runoff conditions in the target river section under Banduo Dam, as well as the water depth of early resource distribution, the demand for daily water level changes during the reproduction and foraging in the non-breeding season of 8 main target fish species was analyzed. The water level regulation information of Banduo Reservoir was proposed as follows: during the main breeding period (April-June), the daily and small-time fluctuations of the water level at the end of Yangquku and the upstream river section under Banduo Dam should be less than 0.7m, and the daily and small-time fluctuations of the flow should be less than 463m 3 / s; During the secondary breeding season (July-August), the daily and hourly fluctuations of the water level at the end of Yangquku and upstream of Bando Dam should be less than 1.30m, and the daily and hourly fluctuations of the flow should be less than 650m 3 / s; in the non-breeding season (September to March of the following year), the daily and hourly average fluctuations of the water level at the end of Yangquku and the upstream section of Bando Dam are less than 0.50m, and the daily and hourly average fluctuations of the flow are less than 311m 3 / s.

[0075] Step 8) Comprehensively dispatch the reservoir outflow and water level control information during the spawning and foraging period of target fish to carry out reservoir ecological dispatch.

[0076] According to the analysis results of steps 6) and 7), the ecological regulation parameters of Banduo Reservoir for comprehensive fish spawning and foraging needs were obtained, as shown in Table 3. Based on the ecological regulation parameters, the ecological regulation of the reservoir was carried out.

[0077] Table 3

[0078]

[0079] It is known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be implemented by other embodiments that do not deviate from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are only illustrative in all respects and are not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A reservoir ecological dispatching method that integrates fish spawning and foraging needs, characterized in that: The method includes: Determine the target river section for dispatching based on the fish habitat characteristics and spawning ground distribution information of the reservoir area to be studied; Constructing a hydrodynamic model according to the scheduling target river section, wherein the hydrodynamic model is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the scheduling target river section; Obtain the first hydrological demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and the second hydrological demand information for foraging in the non-breeding season; Determining the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information; Determining reservoir water level regulation information based on the water level change demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season; Reservoir ecological dispatch is carried out according to the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir and the water level control information of the reservoir.

2. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the ecological flow discharged from the reservoir based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information, and the second hydrological demand information includes: Establishing a habitat suitability curve and a habitat suitability fuzzy rule for the scheduling target fish according to the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information; Constructing a habitat adaptability analysis model according to the hydrodynamic model and the habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rule of the scheduling target fish; The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow condition information required by the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and for foraging in the non-breeding season; The ecological flow rate discharged from the reservoir is determined according to the flow condition information.

3. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of establishing the habitat suitability curve and the habitat suitability fuzzy rule of the scheduling target fish based on the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information includes: According to the first hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve based on a single factor for spawning of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season is established, and the first single factor has three types, namely: water temperature, water depth and flow rate; Based on the second hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve based on a second single factor for the scheduling target fish to forage in the non-breeding season is established, and the second single factor has two types, namely: water depth and flow velocity; Fuzzy rules for the suitability of the habitat for spawning in the breeding season and for foraging in the non-breeding season of the scheduling target fish are established respectively.

4. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow condition information required by the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season, including: The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow information of the scheduling target river section when the area of ​​the suitable habitat of each of the scheduling target fish species meets the preset threshold conditions when spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season; Integrate the habitat suitability simulation analysis results of all the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season, and determine the downstream ecological flow of the reservoir for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season by solving the union and combining the historical flow information of different months.

5. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the reservoir water level regulation information based on the water level change demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season includes: Determine the water level change demand information for all the scheduling target fish species for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season based on the daily water level and flow changes under the natural runoff conditions of the scheduling target river section and the resource distribution water depth information; Based on the water level change demand information, the reservoir water level control information is determined.

6. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hydrological demand information: water temperature, water depth and flow rate.

7. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second hydrological demand information includes: water depth and flow velocity.

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