Double-layer adsorption type high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a double-layer adsorption type high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system and method, relates to the technical field of gas storage tanks, and aims to solve the problem that the hydrogen storage capacity is difficult to meet the requirements due to the fact that an existing hydrogen storage system adopts a single-layer structure, a hydrogen storage tank is configured to adopt a double-layer tank structure, and different types of adsorption materials are filled between an inner tank and an outer tank and in the inner tank respectively. According to the hydrogen storage system, relatively independent temperature and pressure regulation and control can be realized, so that the hydrogen storage effect is synergistically optimized, the hydrogen storage density is improved, the operation pressure of the hydrogen storage tank can be reduced, and the safety and economical efficiency of the hydrogen storage system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas storage tanks, and in particular to a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system and method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen is one of the important clean energy sources. Due to its extremely low density at room temperature and pressure, achieving efficient, safe and economical hydrogen storage remains a key technical bottleneck restricting the widespread application of hydrogen energy. Current hydrogen storage technologies mainly include high-pressure hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. High-pressure hydrogen storage is achieved by compressing hydrogen to high pressure (usually 35–70 MPa), but its hydrogen storage density is limited and the cost and safety of high-pressure containers are challenging; liquid hydrogen storage requires cooling hydrogen to below -253°C to liquefy it, but the low-temperature storage process consumes a lot of energy and requires complex insulation technology to reduce volatilization losses; solid hydrogen storage includes metal hydride hydrogen storage, chemical hydride hydrogen storage and adsorption hydrogen storage.

[0003] Among them, adsorption hydrogen storage can achieve a higher hydrogen storage density at lower pressure and temperature, and has good reversibility and cyclic performance. Adsorption hydrogen storage technology usually uses porous materials (such as activated carbon, metal organic framework materials MOFs, zeolites, etc.) as adsorbents. These materials have a high specific surface area and a unique pore structure, and can achieve efficient storage of hydrogen by physical adsorption or chemical adsorption. A Chinese patent (Announcement No. CN 114754290 B, Publication Date 2022.07.15) provides a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank and a solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage system based on phase change heat storage. A three-layer distribution structure including a phase change material area, a hydrogen buffer area and a metal hydride hydrogen storage area is designed, and a hydrogen storage system design method combining it with a gaseous hydrogen storage device is proposed. The proposed method of combining metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage can not only achieve complementarity in hydrogen storage rate and hydrogen storage space, but also greatly improve the volume energy density of the hydrogen storage system. However, existing adsorption-type hydrogen storage devices are mostly single-layer structures. Their hydrogen storage capacity is limited by material properties and operating conditions (such as temperature and pressure), making it difficult to fully realize the hydrogen storage potential of the adsorption material. In addition, in actual hydrogen storage, the adsorption properties of the adsorption material vary significantly under different temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the single-layer structure suffers from insufficient efficiency and flexibility in hydrogen adsorption and desorption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects of the existing technology and provide a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system and method. The hydrogen storage tank is configured with a double-layer tank structure, and different types of adsorption materials are filled between the inner tank and the outer tank, and in the inner tank respectively, which can achieve relatively independent temperature and pressure control, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of the hydrogen storage effect, improving the hydrogen storage density, and reducing the operating pressure of the hydrogen storage tank, thereby improving the safety and economy of the hydrogen storage system.

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system, which adopts the following scheme:

[0006] Including hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen storage tank includes:

[0007] The inner tank has an inner storage cavity formed therein and is filled with a metal organic framework material. A refrigeration pipeline is arranged in the inner storage cavity and is connected to an external refrigerator;

[0008] The outer tank has an outer storage cavity formed inside, the inner tank is installed in the outer storage cavity, the outer tank wall is provided with a heat preservation layer, and the space between the inner tank wall and the outer tank wall is filled with porous nano-adsorption material.

[0009] Furthermore, a branch valve is installed on the hydrogen storage tank, which includes a hydrogen passage and a refrigerant passage. The refrigerant pipeline is connected to the external refrigerant through the refrigerant passage. The hydrogen passage is connected to the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity respectively to control the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the inner tank and the outer tank.

[0010] Furthermore, sensors are installed in the inner tank and the outer tank respectively, and the sensors are used to measure the state parameters of the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber and send them to the control system. The branch valve is provided with a sensor passage for the state parameters of the sensor to be transmitted through the lead.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner tank wall is a multi-layer structure, and the refrigerant pipeline is distributed in a spiral structure and arranged along the inner wall of the inner tank.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of supports are connected between the inner tank and the outer tank, so that the inner tank is fixed in the outer tank, and the inner tank wall is separated from the inner wall of the outer tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer tank wall includes a protective shell, an aerogel layer, a phase change material layer, a carbon fiber layer and an aluminum alloy layer distributed in sequence from the outside to the inside, wherein at least the aerogel layer and the phase change material layer serve as thermal insulation layers.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a refrigerator, a fuel cell and a control system. The refrigerator is connected to the refrigeration pipe, and the fuel cell is connected to the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber through a branch valve. The control system is used to obtain the status of the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber, and control the operating status of the refrigerator and the fuel cell.

[0015] Furthermore, the discharge end of the fuel cell is connected to a battery, and the battery supplies power to the refrigerator and the control system.

[0016] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system as described in the first object, comprising:

[0017] When storing gas, the refrigeration pipeline cools the inner storage cavity, and the inner storage cavity can cool the outer storage cavity, so that the inner and outer storage cavities are at the required working temperature;

[0018] Fill the inner and outer storage chambers with hydrogen respectively, so that the pressure of the inner storage chamber is greater than that of the outer storage chamber, and maintain the pressure difference to store hydrogen;

[0019] During deflation, the temperature of the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber is adjusted through the refrigeration pipeline so that the hydrogen in the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber is discharged.

[0020] Furthermore, when the hydrogen storage tank experiences temperature imbalance or pressure imbalance, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is released to the fuel cell to generate electricity, and is then stored and supplied to the system for use.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0022] In response to the problem that the current hydrogen storage system adopts a single-layer structure, which makes it difficult to meet the hydrogen storage capacity. The hydrogen storage tank is configured with a double-layer tank structure. Different types of adsorption materials are filled between the inner tank and the outer tank, and in the inner tank respectively. This can achieve relatively independent temperature and pressure control, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of the hydrogen storage effect, improving the hydrogen storage density, and reducing the operating pressure of the hydrogen storage tank, thereby improving the safety and economy of the hydrogen storage system.

[0023] The inner tank of the hydrogen storage tank has high pressure and low temperature, which can achieve a greater hydrogen storage density. The outer tank has a smaller hydrogen storage density than the inner tank. There is a pressure difference between the inner and outer tanks. The pressure of the outer tank provides a pressure buffer for the inner tank, which can effectively avoid inner layer pressure overload and provide a safer hydrogen storage environment for the inner tank, which greatly improves the safety of the hydrogen storage tank. In addition, the refrigerant pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank is arranged in the form of a spiral tube on the wall of the inner tank. The refrigerant first transfers cold energy to the inner tank and then gradually transfers it outward, resulting in an obvious temperature difference between the inner and outer tanks. The resulting stepped temperature difference makes it more difficult to transfer cold energy outward, reducing the cold loss of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0024] The hydrogen storage tank is equipped with a phase change material layer, which can melt and absorb heat first when the external ambient temperature is high, providing sufficient time for the hydrogen storage tank control system to mobilize the refrigerator to increase the power, thereby reducing the loss of hydrogen storage capacity caused by changes in the external environment; the status inside the hydrogen storage tank is monitored, and if there is a temperature imbalance or pressure imbalance, the high-pressure valve is controlled to release a certain amount of hydrogen into the fuel cell to generate electricity. The generated electricity is stored in the lithium battery to supply the power demand of the hydrogen storage tank control system, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the hydrogen storage tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Among them, 1. Hydrogen passage; 2. Sensor passage; 3. Refrigerant passage; 4. Hydrogen outlet of outer tank; 5. Sensor; 6. Valve; 7. Hydrogen outlet of inner tank; 8. Porous nano-adsorption material; 9. MOF adsorption material; 10. Refrigeration pipeline; 11. Phase change material layer; 12. Carbon fiber layer; 13. Aluminum alloy layer; 14. Inner tank; 15. Outer tank; 16. Pillar; 17. Aerogel layer; 18. Hydrogen storage tank; 19. Control system; 20. Refrigeration machine; 21. Fuel cell; 22. Battery; 23. Branch valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1

[0030] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system is given.

[0031] Most existing adsorption hydrogen storage devices are single-layer structures, and their hydrogen storage capacity is limited by material properties and operating conditions (such as temperature and pressure), making it difficult to fully tap the hydrogen storage potential of the adsorption material. Based on this, the present embodiment provides a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system, which adopts a double-layer tank structure. By filling different types of adsorption materials between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15 and in the inner tank 14, the limitations of the single-layer structure in material application and condition dependence are broken, and the advantages of different adsorption materials can be more fully utilized to improve the hydrogen storage capacity. In addition, in the actual hydrogen storage process, since the adsorption properties of the adsorption material vary significantly under different temperature and pressure conditions, the single-layer structure has the problem of insufficient efficiency and flexibility in hydrogen adsorption and desorption. In this regard, the double-layer structure of the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system provided in this embodiment can achieve relatively independent temperature and pressure control, and flexibly adjust the temperature and pressure conditions according to the needs of different adsorption materials, thereby optimizing the adsorption and desorption process of hydrogen and improving the efficiency and flexibility of adsorption and desorption.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system includes a hydrogen storage tank 18, which has a double-layer tank structure, namely an outer tank 15 and an inner tank 14 arranged inside the outer tank 15, which can realize multiple functions and optimize the hydrogen storage effect.

[0033] Specifically, the inner tank 14 forms an inner storage cavity, which serves as the first space for hydrogen storage in the hydrogen storage tank 18 and provides a place for the hydrogen to be stored. The inner storage cavity is filled with a metal-organic framework material 9 (MOF). MOF has a high specific surface area and a unique pore structure, making it very sensitive to temperature. The lower the temperature, the higher the hydrogen storage capacity. Due to its location within the hydrogen storage tank 18, it can maintain a relatively low temperature, thereby utilizing its temperature-sensitive properties to enhance hydrogen storage capacity. MOF can efficiently store hydrogen through physical or chemical adsorption, playing a significant role in increasing the hydrogen storage density of the entire device.

[0034] To lower the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 18, in this embodiment, a refrigeration line 10 is arranged within the internal storage chamber and connected to an external refrigerator 20. The external refrigerator 20 provides cooling, which can regulate the temperature within the internal storage chamber. Based on the effect of temperature on the adsorption properties of the adsorption material, the hydrogen storage tank 18 is kept at a low temperature to enhance the adsorption of hydrogen by the adsorption material, thereby increasing the hydrogen storage capacity.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, an outer storage cavity is formed inside the outer tank 15, and the inner tank 14 is installed in the outer storage cavity. The space between the outer tank 15 and the inner tank 14 is the second space for the hydrogen storage tank 18 to store hydrogen. The outer tank 15 provides outer layer protection and additional functional space for the overall structure.

[0036] The outer tank 15 wall is provided with an insulation layer, whose function is to reduce the transfer of heat, maintain the relative stability of the internal temperature of the entire hydrogen storage tank 18, and avoid the external environment temperature changes from causing significant interference to the temperature environment between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15, and inside the inner tank 14, which is conducive to maintaining the adsorption material under suitable adsorption temperature conditions.

[0037] The porous nano-adsorption material 8 is filled between the wall of the inner tank 14 and the wall of the outer tank 15. It has a certain ability to adsorb hydrogen. By virtue of its own high specific surface area and other characteristics, it provides adsorption sites for hydrogen, increases the storage capacity of hydrogen, and works together with the MOF material in the inner tank 14 to adsorb and store hydrogen from different spaces.

[0038] By filling the inner tank 14 with metal organic framework material 9 and filling the porous nano-adsorption material 8 between the wall of the inner tank 14 and the wall of the outer tank 15, the two different adsorption materials work together from different spatial positions, each using its high specific surface area and other characteristics to adsorb hydrogen. Compared with the single-layer adsorption hydrogen storage device, it can store more hydrogen, thereby improving the hydrogen storage density.

[0039] With the help of the double-layer structure and the reasonable configuration of different adsorption materials, relatively independent temperature and pressure control are achieved, and the hydrogen storage process is optimized. When the same or higher hydrogen storage capacity is achieved, the operating pressure required by the hydrogen storage tank 18 can be reduced, the requirements for the pressure resistance of the hydrogen storage tank 18 are reduced, and the safety and economy of the entire hydrogen storage system are improved, reducing costs and potential safety risks.

[0040] By lowering the operating pressure, the potential safety hazards associated with high pressure are reduced, ensuring the safety of the hydrogen storage system during operation. Furthermore, the reduced operating pressure allows for more relaxed requirements on the materials and other aspects of the hydrogen storage tank 18 and other related equipment, reducing equipment costs. Furthermore, improved hydrogen storage efficiency also contributes to the economic benefits of the entire hydrogen storage system, making the entire system more economically viable.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a shunt valve 23 is installed on the hydrogen storage tank 18. The shunt valve 23 is provided with a hydrogen passage 1 and a refrigerant passage 3. The hydrogen passage 1 connects the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity respectively, which can accurately control the inflow and outflow of hydrogen in the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15. This facilitates targeted control in different usage scenarios, such as inflating, deflating, or adjusting the hydrogen distribution between the inner and outer tanks 15, to achieve orderly management of hydrogen flow. The hydrogen passage 1 is a bidirectional channel, and a valve 6 is installed on the hydrogen passage 1. The hydrogen passage 1 connects to the outer storage cavity of the outer tank 15 through the outer tank hydrogen outlet 4 and to the inner storage cavity of the inner tank 14 through the inner tank hydrogen outlet 7. The inflation and deflation of hydrogen use the same channel and are controlled by valve 6.

[0042] The refrigerant pipeline is connected to the external refrigerant through the refrigerant passage 3, ensuring that the refrigerant can smoothly enter the hydrogen storage tank 18 and pass through the refrigeration pipeline 10, exchange cold energy with the inner tank 14, create conditions for regulating the temperature inside the tank, and thus affect the hydrogen storage performance of the adsorption material.

[0043] By separately controlling the hydrogen and refrigerant flow paths through the shunt valve 23, the flexibility and controllability of the entire hydrogen storage system are enhanced. This allows for more precise adjustment of the hydrogen volume and temperature environment of the inner and outer tanks 14, 15, helping to better leverage the hydrogen storage advantages of the different adsorbent materials in the inner and outer tanks 15. This also helps maintain the stability of the entire hydrogen storage tank 18, ensuring safe and efficient system operation.

[0044] Sensors 5 are installed in the inner tank 14 and outer tank 15, respectively, to measure the state parameters of the inner and outer storage chambers. These state parameters include key information such as temperature and pressure. These parameters can be acquired using temperature sensors 5, pressure sensors 5, or integrated temperature and pressure sensors 5. The sensors 5 transmit the acquired state parameters to the control system 19 via wires. In this embodiment, to facilitate wire routing, sensor passages 2 are provided on the branch valve 23 for the wires of the sensors 5 to pass through.

[0045] The control system 19 can fully understand the working status of the hydrogen storage tank 18 based on the real-time data obtained by the sensor 5. The control system 19 can determine whether to start the refrigerator 20 for temperature adjustment based on the temperature data, and evaluate whether there are any abnormal pressure conditions based on the pressure data, and then make corresponding control decisions.

[0046] The placement of sensor 5 enables real-time monitoring of the internal conditions of hydrogen storage tank 18, forming the foundation for intelligent control of the entire hydrogen storage system. Because adsorption-type hydrogen storage is sensitive to conditions such as temperature and pressure, accurately capturing these state parameters and promptly feeding them back to control system 19 effectively prevents issues such as decreased hydrogen storage efficiency and potential safety hazards caused by conditions like excessive temperature or abnormal pressure, ensuring a consistently safe and efficient hydrogen storage process.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the inner tank 14 wall adopts a multi-layer structure, and the refrigerant pipeline is arranged in a spiral structure and arranged along the inner wall of the inner tank 14. The multi-layer tank wall structure itself can ensure the strength and thermal insulation performance of the inner tank 14 from various aspects. The spiral winding distribution of the refrigerant pipeline can increase its contact area with the inner tank 14 wall, allowing the refrigerant to transfer cold energy to the inner tank 14 more evenly and efficiently during the circulation process, ensuring that the overall temperature of the inner tank 14 can be well regulated to meet the low temperature requirements of the MOF adsorption material in the inner tank 14, thereby maintaining its good hydrogen storage capacity.

[0048] By arranging the refrigerant pipeline, it helps to improve the accuracy and uniformity of the temperature regulation of the inner tank 14, so that the interior of the inner tank 14 can maintain a relatively stable and suitable low-temperature environment, which helps to increase the hydrogen storage density of the MOF adsorption material. Compared with a simple pipeline layout or a non-multi-layer tank wall structure, it can give full play to the advantages of the adsorption material, while ensuring the safety of hydrogen storage, and enhancing the hydrogen storage effect of the entire hydrogen storage tank 18. In this embodiment, the tank wall of the inner tank 14 is divided into three layers, the innermost and outermost layers are aluminum alloy, and the middle layer is carbon fiber. In other optional embodiments, the tube wall of the inner tank 14 can also adopt other numbers of layers and select other materials to form the tank wall.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, multiple struts 16 are connected between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15, allowing the inner tank 14 to be fixed within the outer tank 15 and maintaining the inner wall of the inner tank 14 separated from the inner wall of the outer tank 15. In this embodiment, the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15 are connected by nine alloy struts 16, one of which is located between the bottom of the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15, and the remaining eight are distributed between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15. The main function of the struts 16 is to provide structural support and ensure the stability of the double-layer tank structure. In particular, they prevent the inner tank 14 from shifting or colliding with the outer tank 15 under the internal hydrogen pressure and thermal stress caused by temperature changes, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the entire hydrogen storage tank 18.

[0050] The working pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 18 is 0-20MP, the pressure difference between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15 is 5MP, and the working temperature is -50℃ to 0℃. The inner tank 14 of the hydrogen storage tank 18 has a high pressure and a low temperature, which can achieve a higher hydrogen storage density. The outer tank 15 has a smaller hydrogen storage density than the inner tank 14. There is a pressure difference between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15. The pressure of the outer tank 15 provides a pressure buffer for the inner tank 14, which can effectively avoid the inner layer pressure overload, provide a safer hydrogen storage environment for the inner tank 14, and greatly improve the safety of the hydrogen storage tank 18. In addition, the refrigerant pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 18 is arranged in the form of a spiral tube at the wall of the inner tank 14. The refrigerant first transfers cold energy to the inner tank 14 and then gradually transfers it outward, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the inner and outer tanks 15. The resulting stepped temperature difference makes it more difficult to transfer cold energy outward, reducing the cold energy loss of the hydrogen storage tank 18.

[0051] The presence of the pillars 16 avoids a series of problems caused by structural instability, such as hydrogen leakage, tank wall damage and other safety hazards. At the same time, it also ensures that the adsorption material filled between the inner tank 14 and the outer tank 15 and the various functional layers (such as the phase change material layer 11, etc.) can function normally, which helps the entire hydrogen storage system to achieve long-term and stable hydrogen storage and related functions.

[0052] like Figure 1As shown, the outer tank 15 comprises, from the outside inward, a protective outer shell, an aerogel layer 17, a phase change material layer 11, a carbon fiber layer 12, and an aluminum alloy layer 13. The protective outer shell protects the outer tank 15 from physical damage, such as impact. The aerogel layer 17 and the phase change material layer 11 act as insulation. Aerogel itself has extremely low thermal conductivity, effectively reducing heat transfer. The phase change material layer 11 absorbs or releases heat through a phase change process as the temperature changes. The phase change material layer 11 can be filled with a n-decanol phase change material, which has a phase change temperature of 6°C.

[0053] Aerogel layer 17 and phase change material layer 11 act as insulation, working together to maintain a relatively stable temperature environment inside outer tank 15, reducing the impact of external temperature fluctuations on the interior of hydrogen storage tank 18. Carbon fiber layer 12 and aluminum alloy layer 13 not only ensure the structural strength of outer tank 15, but also provide some insulation and other functions.

[0054] The multi-layer structure design of the outer tank 15 wall ensures the performance of the outer tank 15 from multiple dimensions. The thermal insulation function is conducive to maintaining suitable temperature conditions between the inner and outer tanks 15 and inside the inner tank 14. The structural strength-related layers ensure that the outer tank 15 can withstand internal pressure and external forces. Overall, it provides a stable, safe and temperature-suitable external environment for the inner tank 14, which helps to improve the safety and hydrogen storage efficiency of the entire hydrogen storage tank 18.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the refrigerator 20 is connected to the refrigeration pipe, and the cold capacity can be transported to the inner tank 14 and other parts through the circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigeration pipe 10 and the refrigerator 20, so as to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 18. The refrigerant can be R404A or R290. The lowest temperature of the refrigerant during operation can reach minus 45°C to minus 50°C, which meets the hydrogen storage temperature requirements of the adsorption material.

[0056] Fuel cell 21 connects the inner and outer storage chambers via a shunt valve 23, allowing it to generate electricity using the hydrogen in hydrogen tank 18 as fuel. Control system 19 plays a key coordination role. After acquiring the status parameters of the inner and outer storage chambers, it uses this real-time information to control the cooling power of refrigerator 20 and the operating status of fuel cell 21. For example, it controls refrigerator 20 to increase power when the temperature is too high, or controls fuel cell 21 to generate power when additional power is needed. These components work in tandem to ensure the normal operation of the hydrogen storage system.

[0057] The temperature regulation, power generation and control management of the hydrogen storage tank 18 are integrated. By rationally adjusting the working status of the refrigerator 20 and the fuel cell 21, a good hydrogen storage environment inside the hydrogen storage tank 18 can be maintained, and rational energy utilization and power self-sufficiency can be achieved to a certain extent, thereby improving the stability, economy and response ability of the entire hydrogen storage system to changes in internal conditions.

[0058] The discharge end of the fuel cell 21 is connected to a battery 22, which powers the refrigerator 20 and control system 19. When the fuel cell 21 generates electricity, the energy is stored in the battery 22, which then provides stable power support for the refrigerator 20 and control system 19. When the hydrogen storage tank 18 control system 19 needs to continuously acquire sensor 5 data, analyze the data, and make control decisions, and when the refrigerator 20 needs to operate continuously to maintain the temperature inside the tank, the battery 22 ensures a stable power supply, preventing system functions from being limited or even shut down due to power shortages.

[0059] The battery 22 serves as the power reserve and supply link of the entire system, ensuring the power demand of key parts such as the refrigerator 20 and the control system 19, enhancing the reliability and continuity of the operation of the entire hydrogen storage system, enabling the system to work normally under different working conditions, and maintaining the safety, stability and efficient hydrogen storage function of the hydrogen storage tank 18.

[0060] It should be noted that the refrigerator 20, fuel cell 21, battery 22, and control system 19 together constitute an energy management system. Control system 19 monitors real-time temperature and pressure data within the tank. If a temperature or pressure imbalance occurs, it controls the hydrogen passage 1 of shunt valve 23 to release a certain amount of hydrogen into fuel cell 21 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is then stored in battery 22 to supply the power needs of control system 19. Furthermore, if overheating occurs (but not to the point of temperature imbalance), refrigerator 20 is controlled to increase power to cool hydrogen tank 18. If the temperature and pressure within hydrogen tank 18 are within a safe range with a certain margin, refrigerator 20 is controlled to reduce power to maintain the temperature within hydrogen tank 18.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a working method of a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system is provided, using the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system as in Example 1.

[0063] A method for operating a double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system, comprising:

[0064] When storing gas, the refrigeration pipeline 10 cools the inner storage cavity, and the inner storage cavity can cool the outer storage cavity, so that the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity are at the required working temperature;

[0065] Fill the inner and outer storage chambers with hydrogen respectively, so that the pressure of the inner storage chamber is greater than that of the outer storage chamber, and maintain the pressure difference to store hydrogen;

[0066] During deflation, the temperature of the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber is adjusted through the refrigeration pipeline 10 so that the hydrogen in the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber is discharged.

[0067] When the hydrogen storage tank 18 experiences temperature imbalance or pressure imbalance, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 18 is released to the fuel cell 21 for power generation, and is then stored and supplied to the system for use.

[0068] Specifically, the working method of the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system is described in detail.

[0069] Gas storage process:

[0070] During the gas storage stage, the refrigeration line 10 first cools the inner storage chamber. Since the MOF adsorption material filled in the inner tank 14 is extremely sensitive to temperature, the lower the temperature, the higher its hydrogen storage capacity, so lowering the temperature of the inner storage chamber by the refrigeration line 10 can significantly improve the hydrogen storage efficiency of the inner tank 14. At the same time, there is heat transfer between the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber. The reduction in the temperature of the inner storage chamber will drive the temperature of the outer storage chamber to drop, and then the entire hydrogen storage tank 18 gradually reaches the required operating temperature range (-50°C to 0°C). Through the temperature conduction method from the inner tank 14 to the outer tank 15, the cold capacity of the inner tank 14 during the refrigeration process is fully utilized, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and under the double-layer tank structure, the temperature environment of the inner and outer tanks 15 can be relatively accurately regulated to meet the temperature requirements of different adsorption materials (MOF material in the inner tank 14 and porous nano-adsorption material 8 in the outer tank 15), which is conducive to achieving efficient hydrogen storage.

[0071] When hydrogen is respectively filled into the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity, the air pressure of the inner storage cavity is deliberately made greater than the air pressure of the outer storage cavity and the pressure difference hydrogen storage is maintained. The inner tank 14 has a higher pressure, and combined with its low temperature environment, it can further increase the hydrogen storage density of the inner tank 14 and give full play to the hydrogen storage potential of the MOF adsorption material in the inner tank 14. The relatively low pressure of the outer tank 15, on the one hand, provides a pressure buffer space for the inner tank 14, effectively avoiding the overload of the inner layer pressure. On the other hand, the outer tank 15 itself can also use the porous nano-adsorption material 8 filled with it to store a certain amount of hydrogen at a lower pressure, thereby increasing the hydrogen storage capacity of the entire hydrogen storage tank 18. The pressure difference design of the inner and outer tanks 155MP is the result of optimization after comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as hydrogen storage efficiency and structural safety. Compared with single-tank isobaric hydrogen storage or hydrogen storage systems with no pressure difference design, this pressure difference hydrogen storage method has obvious advantages in hydrogen storage capacity and safety.

[0072] Deflation process

[0073] During degassing, the temperature of the inner and outer storage chambers is adjusted through the refrigeration pipe 10. In adsorption-type hydrogen storage, temperature and pressure have a key influence on the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen. Changing the temperature can change the adsorption capacity of the adsorption material for hydrogen. By appropriately increasing the temperature (within a safe range), hydrogen can be desorbed from the surface of the adsorption material, thereby smoothly discharging the hydrogen in the inner and outer storage chambers. The use of the refrigeration pipe 10 can not only reduce the temperature during gas storage, but also accurately control the temperature change during degassing by adjusting the cold supply or reverse heating, thereby achieving orderly release of hydrogen and improving the controllability and efficiency of the degassing process.

[0074] In addition, when the hydrogen storage tank 18 experiences temperature imbalance or pressure imbalance, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 18 is released to the fuel cell 21 for power generation, and is stored and then supplied to the system for use. Utilizing the intelligent and energy recovery mechanism of the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 18 system, once an abnormal situation occurs, the system can take proactive measures to convert dangerous hydrogen into electrical energy, thereby avoiding safety accidents caused by imbalance (such as hydrogen leakage, excessive pressure leading to tank rupture, etc.) and providing additional power support for the operation of the system itself. During normal operation, if the temperature and pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 18 are within a safe range and have a certain margin, the refrigerator 20 can also be controlled to reduce power to maintain the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank 18, further reflecting the system's rational allocation and efficient use of energy, reducing unnecessary energy consumption, and improving the stability, safety, and economy of the entire hydrogen storage system.

[0075] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system, characterized in that: Including hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen storage tank includes: The inner tank has an inner storage cavity formed therein and is filled with a metal organic framework material. A refrigeration pipeline is arranged in the inner storage cavity and is connected to an external refrigerator; The outer tank has an outer storage cavity formed inside, the inner tank is installed in the outer storage cavity, the outer tank wall is provided with a heat preservation layer, and the space between the inner tank wall and the outer tank wall is filled with porous nano-adsorption material.

2. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage tank is provided with a branch valve, which includes a hydrogen passage and a refrigerant passage. The refrigerant pipeline is connected to the external refrigerant through the refrigerant passage. The hydrogen passage is connected to the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity respectively to control the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the inner tank and the outer tank.

3. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Sensors are installed in the inner tank and the outer tank respectively. The sensors are used to measure the state parameters of the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity and send them to the control system. The branch valve is provided with a sensor passage for the state parameters of the sensor to be transmitted through the lead.

4. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner tank wall is a multi-layer structure, and the refrigerant pipeline is coiled and distributed in a spiral structure and arranged along the inner wall of the inner tank.

5. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: A plurality of pillars are connected between the inner tank and the outer tank, so that the inner tank is fixed in the outer tank, and the inner tank wall is separated from the inner wall of the outer tank.

6. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer tank wall includes a protective shell, an aerogel layer, a phase change material layer, a carbon fiber layer and an aluminum alloy layer which are sequentially distributed from the outside to the inside, wherein at least the aerogel layer and the phase change material layer serve as thermal insulation layers.

7. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a refrigerator, a fuel cell and a control system. The refrigerator is connected to a refrigeration pipe, and the fuel cell is connected to an inner storage chamber and an outer storage chamber through a branch valve. The control system is used to obtain the status of the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber, and control the operating status of the refrigerator and the fuel cell.

8. The double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The discharge end of the fuel cell is connected to a battery, and the battery supplies power to the refrigerator and the control system.

9. A method for operating a double-layer adsorption type high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system, using the double-layer adsorption type high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: When storing gas, the refrigeration pipeline cools down the inner storage cavity, and the inner storage cavity can cool down the outer storage cavity, so that the inner storage cavity and the outer storage cavity are at the required working temperature; Filling hydrogen into the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber respectively, so that the gas pressure of the inner storage chamber is greater than the gas pressure of the outer storage chamber, and maintaining the pressure difference to store hydrogen; When releasing the gas, the temperature of the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber is adjusted through the refrigeration pipeline to discharge the hydrogen in the inner storage chamber and the outer storage chamber.

10. The working method of the double-layer adsorption high-pressure hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the hydrogen storage tank experiences temperature imbalance or pressure imbalance, the hydrogen in the tank is released to the fuel cell to generate electricity, and then stored and supplied to the system for use.

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