Environment-friendly and energy-saving power plant burner and purifying and energy-saving system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly and energy-saving power plant combustor and a purifying and energy-saving system thereof. A combustion bin of the combustor is used for fuel combustion, a sealing cover ensures that a flue gas channel is sealed, two feeding assemblies achieve accurate mixing and conveying of fuel and air, a dust collecting box collects dust, a dust filter plate preliminarily filters flue gas, an igniter ignites the fuel, and an auxiliary gas conveying pipe optimizes combustion. According to the purification energy-saving system, on the basis of a combustor, a subsequent purification treatment device adopts technologies such as wet desulphurization, denitration, bag dust removal and activated carbon adsorption to deeply purify flue gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to power plant burners, and in particular to an environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner and a purification and energy-saving system thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the energy production process of power plants, burners are one of the key equipment. Traditional power plant burners have many problems in fuel combustion and flue gas treatment. The feeding and air intake methods of traditional burners are relatively simple, which often leads to uneven mixing of fuel and air and low combustion efficiency. The incomplete combustion of fuel not only causes energy waste, but also increases the emission of incomplete combustion products, such as carbon monoxide, unburned carbon particles, etc., which pollutes the environment.

[0003] In terms of flue gas treatment, traditional technologies lack an effective integrated purification system and there is no perfect treatment method for harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in flue gas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner and a purification and energy-saving system thereof to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner, comprising: A combustion chamber, which is used to contain the fuel combustion process; A cover is installed at the upper end of the combustion chamber, the cover includes a bottom cover and a pressure cover, the bottom cover is evenly provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the pressure cover is sealed above the bottom cover to form an internal space between the bottom cover and the pressure cover, the internal space constitutes a smoke channel, and the exhaust holes are connected to the inside of the smoke channel, and the smoke channel is also connected to the side smoke outlet for exhausting smoke generated by combustion; Two groups of feeding components are fixed on the cover, and the feeding components include: a contraction feeding pipe for conveying fuel; an air conveying pipe for conveying gas, an air inlet is arranged on the side of the air conveying pipe, and the air conveying pipe is connected to the mixing disk through evenly arranged air distribution pipes; a plurality of inclined channels connected to the air distribution pipes are arranged inside the mixing disk, and the rear ends of the inclined channels are connected to the mixing chamber, and the contraction feeding pipe passes through the mixing disk and the diffusion pipe to form a connection, so that the fuel conveyed inside the contraction feeding pipe can enter the mixing chamber and mix with the rotating gas conveyed by the inclined channel; the diffusion pipe is used to discharge the mixed fuel and gas; A dust collecting box is installed at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and a guide plate with a funnel structure is provided at the connection above the dust collecting box to collect dust generated during the combustion process; The dust filter plate is fixed inside the combustion chamber at the upper end of the guide plate and is used to perform preliminary filtration on the flue gas generated by the combustion to prevent dust from entering the flue gas channel; Igniter, installed on the side of the combustion chamber, used to ignite the fuel; The auxiliary gas delivery pipe is installed on the side of the combustion chamber and is used to deliver auxiliary gas into the combustion chamber to promote the complete combustion of the fuel.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner wall of the contraction feeding tube is provided with a spiral protrusion; the design of the spiral protrusion is of great significance. During the fuel delivery process, the fuel flows along the spiral protrusion, thereby generating a rotational force; when the fuel enters the mixing chamber, it flows in a spiral shape, and this flow pattern greatly increases the contact area and contact time between the fuel and the gas; compared with the traditional linear delivery method, the spiral flow enables the fuel and gas to be more fully mixed, promotes the collision probability between the fuel molecules and the oxygen molecules, and thereby increases the rate of the combustion reaction.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner wall of the inclined channel of the mixing disk is coated with a high-temperature resistant and catalytic coating; the material selected for this coating has high-temperature resistant properties and can maintain stable performance in a high-temperature environment when the burner is working without decomposition or failure; its catalytic effect is reflected in many aspects. During the mixing process of fuel and gas, the coating can reduce the activation energy required for the fuel molecules to react with oxygen molecules.

[0008] Furthermore, an adjustable baffle is provided at the outlet of the diffuser; the adjustable baffle is capable of adjusting the angle and position through a mechanical structure or electric control; under different combustion conditions, the combustion requirements vary; when the combustion load is low, the baffle can be adjusted to a smaller opening angle to reduce the discharge speed of the mixed fuel and gas, so that the fuel has more sufficient time to react with the combustion in the combustion chamber, thereby improving the combustion efficiency; when the combustion load is high, the baffle opening angle is increased to speed up the discharge speed, thereby ensuring the stability of the combustion process and preventing unstable combustion due to the accumulation of fuel and gas; by adjusting the direction of the baffle, the discharge direction can be changed so that the fuel and gas can be better distributed in a specific area in the combustion chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, a gas distributor is provided at the connection between the auxiliary gas delivery pipe and the combustion chamber; the gas distributor adopts a porous plate structure with numerous tiny holes evenly distributed on the porous plate structure. When the auxiliary gas enters the combustion chamber through these holes, it can be evenly dispersed in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a uniform airflow distribution; the evenly dispersed auxiliary gas can fully contact the fuel in the combustion chamber to avoid the occurrence of local oxygen excess or deficiency.

[0010] A purification and energy-saving system for an environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner, comprising: a combustion chamber as a core area for fuel combustion, providing a stable spatial environment for the combustion reaction; a cover tightly mounted on the upper end of the combustion chamber, and its unique structural design ensures the sealing of the flue gas channel to prevent flue gas leakage; a feeding assembly accurately controls the delivery and mixing ratio of fuel and air, and a retractable feeding pipe stably delivers the fuel to a mixing disk, and an air delivery pipe delivers air to an inclined channel in the mixing disk through an air distribution pipe, and the fuel and rotating gas are fully mixed in the mixing chamber and then discharged through a diffusion pipe, thereby ensuring efficient combustion of the fuel; a dust filter plate effectively intercepts most of the dust particles generated during the combustion process, preventing them from entering subsequent channels with the flue gas, thereby protecting system equipment and reducing environmental pollution; a dust collecting box, with the assistance of a guide plate, efficiently collects dust falling from the combustion chamber for easy centralized processing; an igniter reliably ignites the fuel and starts the combustion process, and an auxiliary gas delivery pipe delivers auxiliary gas in a timely manner according to combustion requirements to optimize the combustion effect; The subsequent purification treatment device is connected to the flue gas outlet and is used to deeply purify the flue gas discharged from the burner. The purification treatment device adopts a wet desulfurization process, using alkaline absorbent to react chemically with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to convert it into harmless sulfate substances to achieve the purpose of desulfurization; it is equipped with denitrification equipment to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides through catalytic reduction technology; it uses an efficient bag dust collector, and its fine filter bags can further capture tiny particles remaining in the flue gas to ensure that particulate emissions meet the standards; an activated carbon adsorption device can also be added to adsorb and remove volatile organic compounds and heavy metal harmful substances in the flue gas.

[0011] Furthermore, the alkaline absorbent in the wet flue gas desulfurization process is calcium hydroxide emulsion; the calcium hydroxide emulsion is used as the alkaline absorbent; during the desulfurization reaction, the calcium hydroxide emulsion is fully in contact with the flue gas through a circulating spray system; the circulating spray system transports the calcium hydroxide emulsion to the spray device through a high-pressure pump to form fine mist droplets, which are in full gas-liquid contact with the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas; the calcium hydroxide reacts chemically with the sulfur dioxide to generate calcium sulfite, which is further oxidized to calcium sulfate; this reaction process can efficiently convert the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas into harmless sulfate substances; at the same time, the calcium hydroxide emulsion has certain viscosity and adsorption properties, and can adsorb some other acidic gases and tiny particles in the flue gas.

[0012] Furthermore, the catalyst in the denitration equipment is a vanadium-titanium catalyst; the vanadium-titanium catalyst plays a key role in the denitration process; its main active ingredients, vanadium and titanium, form a structure with high catalytic activity under a specific ratio and preparation process; within a specific temperature range, usually between 300-450°C, the catalyst can effectively catalyze the reaction between nitrogen oxides and reducing agents; during the reaction, the active sites on the surface of the vanadium-titanium catalyst can adsorb nitrogen oxide molecules to activate them, and can also promote the adsorption and decomposition of reducing agent molecules.

[0013] Furthermore, the filter bag of the bag filter adopts polytetrafluoroethylene coated filter material; polytetrafluoroethylene coated filter material is a high-performance filter material; its base cloth adopts high-strength fiber material, and a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film is covered on the surface of the base cloth, and this film has an extremely fine microporous structure, and the pore size of the micropores can reach the submicron level; the microporous structure makes the filter material have a high-efficiency filtering accuracy, and can effectively capture tiny particles remaining in the flue gas.

[0014] Furthermore, the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption device is columnar activated carbon; the columnar activated carbon has a unique physical structure and adsorption performance; and its columnar shape provides a larger specific surface area.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The spiral protrusion on the inner wall of the contracted feeding tube in the feeding assembly allows the fuel to enter the mixing chamber in a spiral shape and be fully mixed with the rotating gas, thereby increasing the contact area and reaction opportunity between the fuel and oxygen, promoting the rapid progress of the combustion reaction, reducing the generation of incomplete combustion products, and improving fuel utilization.

[0016] The high temperature resistant catalytic coating on the inner wall of the inclined channel of the mixing disk starts the catalytic reaction during the fuel mixing stage, reducing the reaction activation energy, accelerating the combustion process, further improving the combustion efficiency and saving fuel consumption.

[0017] The adjustable baffle at the outlet of the diffuser can flexibly adjust the discharge direction and speed of fuel and gas according to the combustion conditions, adapt to different load requirements, ensure stable combustion, and improve the adaptability of the burner to different operating conditions.

[0018] The gas distributor at the connection of the auxiliary gas delivery pipe disperses the auxiliary gas evenly in the combustion chamber, ensuring that the fuel can fully contact oxygen in all areas, optimizing the combustion process and improving the combustion uniformity and stability.

[0019] Calcium hydroxide emulsion is used as the alkaline absorbent in the wet flue gas desulfurization process. It fully contacts the flue gas through the circulating spray system, efficiently removes sulfur dioxide, and absorbs some other acidic gases and particulate matter, reducing the risk of acid rain formation and protecting the atmospheric environment.

[0020] The polytetrafluoroethylene coated filter material of the bag filter has high-precision filtration and good cleaning performance. It can effectively capture tiny particles and prevent them from being discharged into the atmosphere, reduce the concentration of atmospheric particles, and improve air quality.

[0021] The columnar activated carbon adsorption device has a strong adsorption capacity for volatile organic compounds and heavy metal harmful substances, removes toxic and harmful components in flue gas, reduces harm to the ecosystem and human health, and achieves more comprehensive flue gas purification.

[0022] By improving combustion efficiency and reducing energy waste, and comprehensively purifying flue gas to reduce pollutant emissions, power plants can reduce operating costs and improve economic and social benefits under environmental protection requirements.

[0023] The burner and the purification and energy-saving system components work closely together to form a complete process flow. From efficient combustion of fuel to deep purification of flue gas, all links work together to improve the reliability and stability of the entire system, reduce equipment failures and maintenance costs, and provide guarantees for the stable operation of the power plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cover structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a feeding assembly of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a mixing disk of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the purification treatment device of the structure of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. combustion chamber; 2. sealing cover; 21. bottom cover; 22. mounting groove; 23. exhaust hole; 24. pressure cover; 3. flue gas outlet; 4. feeding assembly; 41. contraction feeding pipe; 42. mixing disk; 421. inclined channel; 422. mixing chamber; 43. air distribution pipe; 44. air inlet; 45. diffusion pipe; 46. air delivery pipe; 5. flue gas channel; 6. igniter; 7. auxiliary gas delivery pipe; 8. dust filter plate; 9. dust collecting box; 10. guide plate; 11. purification treatment device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] See also Figure 1-5The present invention provides a technical solution: an environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner, which mainly includes a combustion chamber 1, a cover 2, a feeding assembly 4, a dust box 9, a dust filter plate 8, an igniter 6 and an auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7. As the core place for fuel combustion, the combustion chamber 1 provides a stable space environment for the combustion reaction. Its internal dimensions are designed according to the actual needs of the power plant to adapt to different scales of fuel combustion. The cover 2 is tightly installed on the upper end of the combustion chamber 1, and its unique structural design ensures the sealing of the flue gas channel 5 to prevent flue gas leakage. The feeding assembly 4 accurately controls the transportation and mixing ratio of fuel and air, and plays a key role in the efficient combustion process. The dust box 9 is located at the bottom of the combustion chamber 1. With the assistance of the guide plate 10, the dust falling from the combustion chamber 1 is efficiently collected for centralized treatment. The dust filter plate 8 is fixed inside the combustion chamber 1 at the upper end of the guide plate 10 to preliminarily filter the flue gas generated by the combustion to prevent dust from entering the flue gas channel 5. The igniter 6 is installed on the side of the combustion chamber 1 to reliably ignite the fuel and start the combustion process. The auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 delivers auxiliary gas in a timely manner according to the combustion requirements to optimize the combustion effect.

[0027] The cover 2 includes a bottom cover 21 and a pressure cover 24. The bottom cover 21 is made of a metal material that is resistant to high temperatures and has a certain strength, such as stainless steel. Multiple groups of exhaust holes 23 are evenly opened on the bottom cover 21, and the aperture and number of the exhaust holes 23 are designed according to the exhaust requirements of the burner. For example, for a burner with a higher power, the aperture of the exhaust hole 23 can be designed to be 5-10 mm, and the number is between 50-100 groups to ensure that the smoke generated by the combustion can be discharged in time. The pressure cover 24 is also made of a high-temperature resistant metal material, and is sealed on the top of the bottom cover 21 by bolts or welding, so that an internal space is formed between the bottom cover 21 and the pressure cover 24, and the internal space constitutes a smoke channel 5. The exhaust hole 23 is connected to the inside of the smoke channel 5, and the smoke channel 5 is also connected to the smoke outlet 3 on the side. In the smoke channel 5, some guide plates can be set to guide the smoke to flow smoothly to the smoke outlet 3, reduce the smoke flow resistance, and improve the exhaust efficiency.

[0028] In order to further improve the sealing performance of the smoke channel 5, a high temperature resistant sealing gasket can be installed between the bottom cover 21 and the gland 24. The sealing gasket can be made of graphite, which has good high temperature resistance and sealing performance, and can effectively prevent smoke from leaking from the connection between the bottom cover 21 and the gland 24. At the same time, a sealing groove is provided on the edge of the gland 24, and the sealing gasket is embedded in the sealing groove to ensure the reliability of the seal.

[0029] The feeding assembly 4 includes a contraction feeding pipe 41, an air delivery pipe 46, a mixing disk 42, an air distribution pipe 43, a diffusion pipe 45 and other parts. The contraction feeding pipe 41 is used to transport fuel, and is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, such as an alloy steel pipe. The inner wall of the contraction feeding pipe 41 is provided with a spiral protrusion, and the pitch and height of the spiral protrusion are designed according to the properties of the fuel and the transportation requirements. For fuels with good fluidity, the pitch can be appropriately increased and the height is moderate; for fuels with greater viscosity, the pitch is reduced and the height is increased to ensure that the fuel can generate sufficient rotational force during the transportation process. In actual operation, when the fuel flows in the contraction feeding pipe 41, it forms a spiral flow along the spiral protrusion. This flow mode increases the kinetic energy of the fuel, so that it can be better mixed with the gas when entering the mixing disk 42.

[0030] The air delivery pipe 46 is used to deliver gas, and an air inlet 44 is provided on its side. An air filter can be installed at the air inlet 44 to prevent impurities from entering the air delivery pipe 46. The air delivery pipe 46 is connected to the mixing disk 42 through uniformly arranged air distribution pipes 43. The diameter and number of the air distribution pipes 43 are determined according to the size of the mixing disk 42 and the mixing requirements. For example, for a mixing disk 42 with a larger diameter, the diameter of the air distribution pipes 43 can be selected to be 10-20 mm, and the number is between 8-16, so as to ensure that the air can be uniformly delivered to the mixing disk 42.

[0031] A plurality of inclined channels 421 connected to the gas distribution pipe 43 are arranged inside the mixing disk 42, and the rear end of the inclined channels 421 is connected to the mixing chamber 422. The inclination angle and length of the inclined channel 421 have an important influence on the rotation effect and mixing effect of the gas. Generally speaking, the inclination angle can be set between 30°-60°, and the length is determined according to the thickness of the mixing disk 42 to ensure that the gas can form a stable rotating airflow in the inclined channel 421. The volume of the mixing chamber 422 is designed according to the mixing ratio requirements of the fuel and the gas to ensure that there is enough space for the fuel and the gas to be fully mixed. The contraction feed pipe 41 passes through the mixing disk 42 and the diffuser 45 to form a connection. When the fuel enters the mixing chamber 422, it is fully mixed with the rotating gas transported by the inclined channel 421. The mixed fuel and gas are further mixed and accelerated in the diffuser 45, and then discharged into the combustion chamber 1 for combustion. The outlet shape and size of the diffuser 45 are designed according to the structure of the combustion chamber 1 and the combustion requirements. For example, a bell-mouth shape may be adopted to enlarge the outlet area and reduce the outlet velocity so that the fuel and gas can be evenly distributed in the combustion chamber 1.

[0032] The dust box 9 is welded with steel plates, and its internal capacity is determined according to the operating time of the burner and the amount of dust generated. In general, the capacity of the dust box 9 can be designed to be 0.5-2 cubic meters to meet the dust collection needs within a certain period of time. The funnel structure guide plate 10 is arranged at the upper connection of the dust box 9, and its inclination angle is between 45°-60°, so that the dust can slide smoothly into the dust box 9 under the action of gravity. The surface of the guide plate 10 can be smoothed, such as by applying a layer of wear-resistant and smooth coating to reduce the adhesion of dust on its surface. An ash discharge port can be arranged at the bottom of the dust box 9, and a valve can be installed at the ash discharge port. The valve is opened regularly to discharge the collected dust, which is convenient for cleaning and processing of dust.

[0033] The dust filter plate 8 is fixed inside the combustion chamber 1 at the upper end of the guide plate 10 and is made of a material that is resistant to high temperature and corrosion and has good filtering performance, such as ceramic fiber filter paper or glass fiber filter paper. The filtering accuracy of the dust filter plate 8 is determined according to the distribution of dust particle sizes generated by combustion, and generally can filter out dust particles with a particle size greater than 10 microns. In order to improve the filtering effect and service life of the dust filter plate 8, a pre-filter, such as a wire mesh filter, can be set in front of the dust filter plate 8 to first intercept a portion of larger dust particles and reduce the filtering burden of the dust filter plate 8. At the same time, the dust filter plate 8 is cleaned or replaced regularly to ensure that its filtering performance is always in good condition.

[0034] The igniter 6 uses a high-performance electric spark igniter or a gas igniter, and is installed on the side of the combustion chamber 1 near the outlet of the feeding assembly 4. The ignition energy and ignition frequency of the igniter 6 are adjusted according to the properties of the fuel and the combustion requirements. For fuels that are easy to ignite, the ignition energy can be appropriately reduced and the ignition frequency is moderate; for fuels that are difficult to ignite, such as some low-volatile fuels, it is necessary to increase the ignition energy and ignition frequency. A high-temperature resistant protective cover can be installed on the electrode head of the igniter 6 to prevent the electrode from being damaged in a high-temperature environment and to extend the service life of the igniter 6. The igniter 6 is connected to the control system, and automatic ignition and monitoring of the ignition process are achieved through the control system.

[0035] The auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 is installed on the side of the combustion chamber 1, and the auxiliary gas it delivers can be oxygen, air or other gases that help combustion. A flow regulating valve and a pressure sensor are installed on the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7, and the flow and pressure of the auxiliary gas are adjusted in real time according to the combustion conditions in the combustion chamber 1 through the control system. In the combustion startup stage, the flow and pressure of the auxiliary gas are appropriately increased to promote the rapid ignition of the fuel; in the combustion stabilization stage, the supply of the auxiliary gas is optimized according to the combustion efficiency and pollutant emissions. The gas distributor set at the connection between the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 and the combustion chamber 1 adopts a porous plate structure. The aperture on the porous plate can be designed to be 1-5 mm, and the hole spacing is evenly distributed to ensure that the auxiliary gas is evenly and dispersedly delivered to the combustion chamber 1. When a nozzle array structure is adopted, the angle of the nozzle can be adjusted between 30°-60°, and the spacing is determined according to the size of the combustion chamber 1, so that the auxiliary gas can form a uniform airflow distribution in the combustion chamber 1, fully mixed with the fuel, and improve the combustion effect.

[0036] The subsequent purification treatment device 11 is connected to the flue gas outlet 3 to deeply purify the flue gas discharged from the burner. In the wet desulfurization process, the concentration of the calcium hydroxide emulsion is controlled between 10% and 20%, and the calcium hydroxide emulsion is transported to the spray device at the top of the spray tower by the high-pressure pump of the circulating spray system. The spray device adopts an atomizing nozzle, and the aperture of the nozzle is between 0.5-1.5 mm, which can atomize the calcium hydroxide emulsion into fine droplets to increase the contact area with the flue gas. Multiple layers of spray layers are set in the spray tower. The number and distribution of nozzles in each spray layer are determined according to the diameter and height of the spray tower to ensure that the flue gas can fully contact with the calcium hydroxide emulsion in the tower. A sedimentation tank is set at the bottom of the spray tower to collect the products after the reaction. After precipitation, filtration and other treatments, part of the calcium hydroxide and the generated calcium sulfate and other substances can be recovered to reduce the operating cost.

[0037] The vanadium-titanium catalyst in the denitration equipment is loaded in the reactor, and the structural design of the reactor ensures that the flue gas can pass through the catalyst bed evenly. The mass ratio of vanadium and titanium, the active components of the catalyst, is between 1:5-1:10. The catalyst carrier is made of porous ceramic material with a specific surface area of ​​50-100 square meters / gram, which can provide sufficient active sites. During operation, the catalytic activity of the vanadium-titanium catalyst is guaranteed by controlling the temperature of the reactor between 300-450°C. At the same time, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is monitored, and the injection amount of the reducing agent is adjusted according to the concentration change to ensure that the denitration efficiency meets the design requirements.

[0038] The filter bags of the bag filter are made of polytetrafluoroethylene coated filter material, and the size of the filter bags is determined according to the specifications of the dust collector. The length of the filter bag can be between 2-6 meters and the diameter can be between 120-160 mm. In the dust collector, the filter bag is supported by a skeleton made of stainless steel with sufficient strength and corrosion resistance. The pulse cleaning system cleans the filter bags regularly. The injection pressure of the pulse valve is between 0.3-0.6 MPa, and the injection time interval is adjusted according to the dust content of the flue gas and the resistance change of the filter bag. Through reasonable cleaning control, it is ensured that the filter bag always maintains good filtering performance, effectively captures the tiny particles remaining in the flue gas, and ensures that the particle emission meets the standard.

[0039] The columnar activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption device is filled in the adsorption tower. The structural design of the adsorption tower is conducive to the flue gas passing through the activated carbon bed evenly. The diameter of the columnar activated carbon is between 3-5 mm, the length is between 5-10 mm, and the specific surface area is between 800-1500 square meters / gram. During the adsorption process, the flow rate of the flue gas is controlled between 0.5-1.5 m / s to ensure that the flue gas and the activated carbon have sufficient contact time. The activated carbon is regenerated or replaced regularly. The regeneration method can be hot air regeneration or steam regeneration, etc., to increase the service life of the activated carbon, reduce operating costs, and ensure the effective adsorption and removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metal harmful substances in the flue gas.

[0040] Before starting the burner, first check whether the connections of each component are tight to ensure the sealing of the system. Debug the feed assembly 4, check whether the spiral protrusion of the shrink feed pipe 41 is normal, whether the air inlet 44 of the air delivery pipe 46 is unobstructed, and whether the air distribution pipe 43, the mixing disk 42 and the diffusion pipe 45 are clean and unblocked. At the same time, check the working status of the igniter 6 to ensure that the ignition energy and frequency are normal, and the flow control valve and pressure sensor of the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 are accurately calibrated.

[0041] When starting, first open the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7, adjust the flow and pressure of the auxiliary gas to appropriate values, and then start the igniter 6 to ignite the fuel. During the combustion process, the temperature, pressure, oxygen concentration and other parameters in the combustion chamber 1 are monitored in real time through the control system, and the fuel delivery and air delivery of the feeding component 4 and the supply of auxiliary gas are adjusted according to these parameters to ensure a stable and efficient combustion process. At the same time, the pollutant emission concentration at the flue gas outlet 3, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, etc., is monitored. When the emission concentration exceeds the set standard, the operating parameters of the purification treatment device 11 are adjusted in time.

[0042] Regularly perform maintenance on the burner and purification and energy-saving system. For the combustion chamber 1, check whether there is carbon deposit, corrosion, etc. inside, and clean and repair it in time if necessary. Check the exhaust hole 23, flue gas channel 5 and flue gas outlet 3 of the cover 2, remove possible dust accumulation and blockages, and ensure smooth flue gas discharge. Clean the shrink feed pipe 41, air distribution pipe 43 and diffusion pipe 45 in the feed assembly 4 regularly to prevent fuel residue and impurity accumulation from affecting the conveying and mixing effects. Check the inclined channel 421 and mixing chamber 422 of the mixing disk 42 for wear and corrosion, and repair or replace them if necessary.

[0043] The dust box 9 is cleaned regularly, the guide plate 10 is checked to see if it is normal, and the dust filter plate 8 is cleaned or replaced regularly. The calcium hydroxide emulsion circulating spray system in the purification device 11 checks the operation of the pump and whether the nozzle is blocked, and replenishes the calcium hydroxide emulsion in time and adjusts the concentration. The activity of the catalyst in the denitrification equipment is tested regularly, and it is regenerated or replaced according to the decrease in activity. The filter bags of the bag filter are checked for damage or blockage, and the pulse cleaning system checks the working condition of the pulse valve and the spraying effect. The activated carbon adsorption device regularly tests the adsorption performance of the activated carbon, and regenerates or replaces the activated carbon as needed to ensure the long-term stable operation of the entire system and achieve the goal of environmental protection and energy saving.

[0044] Under low-load conditions, the fuel and air requirements of the burner are reduced. At this time, the control system of the feed assembly 4 reduces the fuel delivery amount of the contraction feed pipe 41, and the air supply of the air delivery pipe 46 is reduced accordingly, but the reasonable mixing ratio of fuel and air must be maintained. The adjustable baffle at the outlet of the adjustable diffuser 45 can reduce the opening angle and reduce the discharge speed of the fuel and gas, so that the fuel has more time to react with the combustion in the combustion chamber 1, thereby improving the combustion efficiency. The flow rate of the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 can be appropriately reduced, but a certain auxiliary gas supply must still be guaranteed to maintain the stability of combustion. In terms of the purification treatment device 11, according to the reduction in the amount of flue gas, the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide emulsion circulation spraying system is appropriately adjusted, the operating frequency of the pump is reduced, and the injection amount of the reducing agent in the denitrification equipment is reduced, but it is necessary to ensure that the pollutant emissions meet the standards. The bag filter and the activated carbon adsorption device can adjust the operating parameters according to the actual situation, such as reducing the pulse cleaning frequency, adjusting the wind speed of the activated carbon adsorption bed, etc., to meet the flue gas treatment requirements under low-load conditions.

[0045] Under high-load conditions, the burner requires more fuel and air supply. The feed assembly 4 increases the fuel delivery rate of the contraction feed pipe 41, and proportionally increases the air supply rate of the air delivery pipe 46 to ensure that the fuel can be fully burned. The adjustable baffle at the outlet of the diffuser 45 increases the opening angle, speeds up the discharge rate of fuel and gas, and meets the needs of high-load combustion. The flow rate and pressure of the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 are correspondingly increased to promote the rapid combustion of the fuel. For the purification treatment device 11, the calcium hydroxide emulsion circulation spray system increases the spray volume and increases the operating frequency of the pump to ensure the effective removal of sulfur dioxide in a large amount of flue gas. The injection amount of the reducing agent is increased in the denitrification equipment to ensure that the emission of nitrogen oxides under high-load conditions meets the standards. Bag filter and activated carbon adsorption device appropriately increase the operating parameters according to the increase in flue gas volume and pollutant concentration, such as increasing the pulse cleaning intensity, accelerating the wind speed of the activated carbon adsorption bed, etc., to ensure efficient treatment of pollutants in the flue gas.

[0046] The feeding and air intake methods of traditional burners are relatively extensive. The fuel and air only begin to mix in the combustion chamber, and the mixing process is short and uneven. For example, common traditional burners rely only on simple pipelines to transport fuel and air. The fuel enters the combustion zone in a straight line, and the contact with the air mainly relies on natural diffusion, which makes it difficult to form a fully mixed state. This results in a large number of fuel particles being unable to contact with sufficient oxygen in time during the combustion process, and can only be incompletely burned, producing harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and unburned carbon particles, which not only causes a huge waste of energy, but also aggravates environmental pollution.

[0047] The feeding assembly 4 of the present invention is completely different. The spiral protrusions on the inner wall of the contraction feeding tube 41 are carefully designed according to the characteristics of the fuel. For example, for solid fuels such as coal, its pitch and height can ensure that the fuel obtains the best rotational force during the transportation process. When the fuel enters the mixing disk 42, it meets the rotating gas from the air delivery pipe 46 distributed to the inclined channel 421 through the air distribution pipe 43. The inclination angle of the inclined channel 421 in the mixing disk 42 is precisely adjusted between 30°-60°, so that the gas forms a stable and strong rotating airflow, just like a high-speed agitator, which fully mixes the fuel and gas. The volume of the mixing chamber 422 is accurately calculated to ensure that the fuel and gas have enough time and space to be fully mixed, so that each fuel molecule can be surrounded by oxygen molecules, creating ideal conditions for complete combustion. After actual operation comparison, the combustion efficiency of the burner of the present invention can be improved by 20%-30% compared with the traditional burner. Under the same fuel supply, traditional burners may require more fuel to achieve the same heat output, while the burner of the present invention not only reduces fuel consumption and operating costs, but also reduces pollutant emissions due to full combustion, such as carbon monoxide emissions can be reduced by 30%-50%, and unburned carbon particle emissions can be reduced by 40%-60%.

[0048] Traditional flue gas purification technology has many limitations. Some power plants only use a single dust removal equipment, such as a simple cyclone dust collector, which can only remove larger particles of dust, and have almost no removal capacity for smaller particles and harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals. Even if some power plants use desulfurization or denitrification technology, they are often applied separately, lacking system integration and unable to achieve comprehensive purification of multiple pollutants. For example, the traditional wet desulfurization process may have a limited sulfur dioxide removal rate of only 70%-80% due to improper absorbent selection or unreasonable process design, and is prone to secondary pollution.

[0049] The purification and energy-saving system of the present invention is a highly integrated and optimized whole. In the wet desulfurization process, the concentration of calcium hydroxide emulsion is strictly controlled between 10% and 20%, and is transported to the atomizing nozzle at the top of the spray tower through the high-pressure pump of the circulating spray system. The nozzle aperture is between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, and the emulsion is atomized into fine droplets that are fully in contact with the flue gas. The multi-layer spray layers in the spray tower are reasonably arranged according to the tower structure and flue gas flow rate to ensure that the flue gas undergoes multiple washings in the tower, so that sulfur dioxide and calcium hydroxide react fully, and the removal rate can reach more than 95%. At the same time, it can also adsorb some other acidic gases and tiny particles, effectively reducing the acidity and particulate matter content of the flue gas. In the denitrification equipment, the mass ratio of vanadium and titanium, the active ingredients of the vanadium-titanium catalyst, is between 1:5-1:10, and the carrier adopts a porous ceramic material with a specific surface area of ​​50-100 square meters / gram. Under the precise temperature control of 300-450℃, it has high catalytic activity for nitrogen oxides, reacts with the reducing agent, and increases the removal rate of nitrogen oxides to more than 80%. The filter bag of the bag filter uses polytetrafluoroethylene coated filter material. Its submicron-level microporous structure can effectively capture particles with smaller particle sizes. The filter bag is 2-6 meters long and 120-160 mm in diameter. It is cleaned regularly by the pulse cleaning system. The pulse valve spray pressure is precisely controlled between 0.3-0.6 MPa to ensure that the filter bag always maintains good filtering performance and keeps the particle emission concentration stable below 5 mg / m3. The columnar activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption device has a diameter of 3-5 mm and a length of 5-10 mm. The specific surface area is as high as 800-1500 square meters / gram. It is filled in the structurally optimized adsorption tower and controls the flue gas flow rate at 0.5-1.5 m / s to ensure that the flue gas has sufficient contact time with the activated carbon, effectively adsorbing and removing volatile organic compounds and heavy metal harmful substances, further improving the flue gas purification effect and comprehensively protecting the ecological environment and human health.

[0050] The burner and its purification and energy-saving system of the present invention have excellent flexibility and adaptability. Under low-load conditions, the control system of the feed assembly 4 can accurately reduce the fuel delivery amount of the contraction feed pipe 41, and adjust the air supply amount of the air delivery pipe 46 accordingly, while maintaining a reasonable fuel-air mixing ratio. The adjustable baffle at the outlet of the diffuser 45 can reduce the opening angle, reduce the fuel and gas discharge speed, so that the fuel has more sufficient time to react with the combustion in the combustion chamber 1, and ensure that the combustion efficiency is not reduced. The flow rate of the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 can be appropriately reduced, but a certain auxiliary gas supply is still maintained to ensure the stability of combustion. The purification treatment device 11 automatically adjusts the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide emulsion circulation spraying system, the injection amount of the reducing agent in the denitrification equipment, and the operating parameters of the bag filter and the activated carbon adsorption device according to the reduction of the flue gas volume, such as reducing the pulse cleaning frequency, adjusting the wind speed of the activated carbon adsorption bed, etc., and realizes energy-saving operation under the premise of ensuring that the pollutants are discharged in compliance with the standards. Under high-load conditions, all components of the system work together, the feeding assembly 4 increases the fuel and air supply, the auxiliary gas delivery pipe 7 increases the flow and pressure, and the purification treatment device 11 comprehensively improves the processing capacity, ensuring that the system operates stably under high load, meeting the needs of different operating conditions of the power plant, improving the reliability and economy of the system, and being suitable for power plants of various sizes and types.

[0051] The burner and its purification and energy-saving system of the present invention are a highly integrated and optimized whole. The designs of combustion-related components such as the combustion chamber 1, the cover 2, and the feeding assembly 4 are closely matched to ensure efficient combustion of the fuel and stability of the combustion process. The unique structure of the cover 2 not only ensures the sealing of the flue gas channel 5, but also maintains a stable combustion pressure environment together with the combustion chamber 1. The connection between the feeding assembly 4 and the combustion chamber 1 is precise, so that the fuel and air can accurately enter the combustion area. Flue gas treatment components such as the dust box 9, the dust filter plate 8, and the purification treatment device 11 work in coordination with the burner to achieve efficient treatment of the entire process from flue gas generation to emission. The connection between the components has been optimized to reduce energy loss and failure points. The connection between the purification treatment device 11 and the burner adopts a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant pipeline, and is equipped with a reasonable pressure regulation and flow control device to ensure that the flue gas smoothly enters the subsequent treatment process.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner, characterized in that: include: A combustion chamber (1) for accommodating a fuel combustion process; A cover (2) is mounted on the upper end of the combustion chamber (1), the cover (2) comprising a bottom cover (21) and a pressure cover (24), the bottom cover (21) being evenly provided with a plurality of exhaust holes (23), the pressure cover (24) being sealed above the bottom cover (21) so that an internal space is formed between the bottom cover (21) and the pressure cover (24), the internal space constituting a smoke passage (5), the exhaust holes (23) being connected to the inside of the smoke passage (5), and the smoke passage (5) being further connected to a smoke outlet (3) on the side for exhausting smoke generated by combustion; Two groups of feeding assemblies (4) are fixed on the cover (2), and the feeding assemblies (4) include: a contraction feeding pipe (41) for conveying fuel; an air conveying pipe (46) for conveying gas, the side of which is provided with an air inlet (44), and the air conveying pipe (46) is connected to the mixing disk (42) through uniformly arranged air distribution pipes (43); a plurality of groups of inclined channels (421) connected to the air distribution pipes (43) are arranged inside the mixing disk (42), and the rear ends of the inclined channels (421) are connected to the mixing chamber (422); the contraction feeding pipe (41) passes through the mixing disk (42) and the diffuser (45) to form a connection, so that the fuel conveyed inside the contraction feeding pipe (41) can enter the mixing chamber (422) and be mixed with the rotating gas conveyed by the inclined channel (421); the diffuser (45) is used to discharge the mixed fuel and gas; A dust collecting box (9) is installed at the bottom of the combustion chamber (1), and a guide plate (10) with a funnel structure is provided at the connection above the dust collecting box (9) for collecting dust generated during the combustion process; A dust filter plate (8) is fixed inside the combustion chamber (1) at the upper end of the guide plate (10) and is used to perform preliminary filtering on the smoke generated by the combustion to prevent dust from entering the smoke passage (5); An igniter (6) mounted on the side of the combustion chamber (1) and used to ignite the fuel; The auxiliary gas delivery pipe (7) is installed on the side of the combustion chamber (1) and is used to deliver auxiliary gas into the combustion chamber (1) to promote the complete combustion of the fuel.

2. The environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner wall of the contraction feeding tube (41) is provided with a spiral protrusion; the design of the spiral protrusion is of great significance; during the fuel delivery process, the fuel flows along the spiral protrusion, thereby generating a rotational force; when the fuel enters the mixing chamber (422), it flows in a spiral shape, and this flow mode greatly increases the contact area and contact time between the fuel and the gas; compared with the traditional linear delivery mode, the spiral flow enables the fuel and the gas to be mixed more fully, promotes the collision probability between the fuel molecules and the oxygen molecules, and thus increases the rate of the combustion reaction.

3. The environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner wall of the inclined channel (421) of the mixing disk (42) is coated with a high temperature resistant and catalytic coating; the material selected for the coating has high temperature resistance and can maintain stable performance in a high temperature environment when the burner is working without decomposition or failure; Its catalytic effect is reflected in many aspects. During the mixing process of fuel and gas, the coating can reduce the activation energy required for the fuel molecules to react with oxygen molecules.

4. The environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An adjustable baffle is provided at the outlet of the diffusion tube (45); the adjustable baffle is capable of adjusting the angle and position through a mechanical structure or an electric control method; under different combustion conditions, the combustion requirements vary; when the combustion load is low, the baffle can be adjusted to a smaller opening angle to reduce the discharge speed of the mixed fuel and gas, so that the fuel has more time to undergo a combustion reaction in the combustion chamber (1), thereby improving the combustion efficiency; when the combustion load is high, the baffle opening angle is increased to speed up the discharge speed, thereby ensuring the stability of the combustion process and preventing unstable combustion caused by the accumulation of fuel and gas; by adjusting the direction of the baffle, the discharge direction can be changed, so that the fuel and gas can be better distributed in a specific area in the combustion chamber (1).

5. The environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A gas distributor is provided at the connection between the auxiliary gas delivery pipe (7) and the combustion chamber (1); the gas distributor adopts a porous plate structure, and a plurality of tiny holes are evenly distributed on the porous plate structure. When the auxiliary gas enters the combustion chamber (1) through these holes, it can be evenly dispersed in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a uniform airflow distribution; the evenly dispersed auxiliary gas can fully contact the fuel in the combustion chamber (1), thereby avoiding the occurrence of local oxygen excess or deficiency.

6. A purification and energy-saving system for an environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner, using the environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plant burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: The combustion chamber (1) serves as the core area of ​​fuel combustion and provides a stable spatial environment for the combustion reaction. The cover (2) is tightly mounted on the upper end of the combustion chamber (1). Its unique structural design ensures the sealing of the smoke passage (5) and prevents smoke leakage. The feed assembly (4) accurately controls the delivery and mixing ratio of fuel and air. The retractable feed pipe (41) stably delivers the fuel to the mixing disk (42). The air delivery pipe (46) delivers air to the inclined channel (421) in the mixing disk (42) through the air distribution pipe (43). The combustion reaction takes place in the mixing chamber (422). The fuel is fully mixed with the rotating gas and then discharged through the diffusion pipe (45), thereby ensuring efficient combustion of the fuel; the dust filter plate (8) effectively intercepts most of the dust particles generated during the combustion process, preventing them from entering the subsequent channels with the flue gas, thereby protecting the system equipment and reducing environmental pollution; the dust collecting box (9) is assisted by the guide plate (10) to efficiently collect the dust falling from the combustion chamber (1) for easy centralized processing; the igniter (6) reliably ignites the fuel and starts the combustion process, and the auxiliary gas delivery pipe (7) delivers auxiliary gas in a timely manner according to the combustion demand to optimize the combustion effect; The subsequent purification treatment device (11) is connected to the flue gas outlet (3) and is used to deeply purify the flue gas discharged from the burner. The purification treatment device (11) adopts a wet desulfurization process, using an alkaline absorbent to react chemically with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to convert it into harmless sulfate substances to achieve the purpose of desulfurization; it is equipped with denitrification equipment to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides through catalytic reduction technology; it uses an efficient bag filter, whose fine filter bags can further capture the tiny particles remaining in the flue gas to ensure that the particle emission meets the standard; and it can also be equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device to adsorb and remove volatile organic compounds and heavy metal harmful substances in the flue gas.

7. The purification and energy-saving system for burners of environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plants according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The alkaline absorbent in the wet flue gas desulfurization process is calcium hydroxide emulsion; the calcium hydroxide emulsion is used as the alkaline absorbent; during the desulfurization reaction, the calcium hydroxide emulsion is fully in contact with the flue gas through a circulating spray system; the circulating spray system transports the calcium hydroxide emulsion to the spray device through a high-pressure pump to form fine mist droplets, which are in full gas-liquid contact with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas; calcium hydroxide reacts chemically with sulfur dioxide to generate calcium sulfite, which is further oxidized to calcium sulfate; this reaction process can efficiently convert sulfur dioxide in the flue gas into harmless sulfate substances; at the same time, the calcium hydroxide emulsion has certain viscosity and adsorption properties, and can adsorb some other acidic gases and tiny particles in the flue gas.

8. The purification and energy-saving system for burners of environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plants according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The catalyst in the denitration equipment is a vanadium-titanium catalyst; the vanadium-titanium catalyst plays a key role in the denitration process; its main active ingredients, vanadium and titanium, form a structure with high catalytic activity under a specific ratio and preparation process; within a specific temperature range, usually between 300-450°C, the catalyst can effectively catalyze the reaction between nitrogen oxides and reducing agents; during the reaction, the active sites on the surface of the vanadium-titanium catalyst can adsorb nitrogen oxide molecules to activate them, and can also promote the adsorption and decomposition of reducing agent molecules.

9. The purification and energy-saving system for burners of environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plants according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The filter bag of the bag filter adopts polytetrafluoroethylene film filter material; polytetrafluoroethylene film filter material is a high-performance filter material; The base fabric is made of high-strength fiber material and is covered with a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface. This film has an extremely fine microporous structure with a pore size of submicron level. The microporous structure enables the filter material to have a high filtering accuracy and can effectively capture tiny particles remaining in the flue gas.

10. The purification and energy-saving system for burners of environmentally friendly and energy-saving power plants according to claim 6, characterized in that: The activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption device is columnar activated carbon; columnar activated carbon has a unique physical structure and adsorption performance; Its columnar morphology provides a large specific surface area.

Images