Method and device for generating true random number by utilizing bacterial extracellular electron transfer
By using the method of generating true random numbers by using bacterial extracellular electron transfer, the problem of insufficient randomness and unpredictability in the prior art is solved, and high safety and high efficiency random number generation is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311156848.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing random number generators have shortcomings in terms of randomness and unpredictability, resulting in inaccurate simulations, biased statistical analysis, or jeopardizing the security of password applications.
Using the method of generating true random numbers by transferring extracellular electrons in bacteria, the information in bioelectrochemical activities is recognized through biosensors, the sampling circuit collects electrical signals, and the random numbers are generated in real time through the calculation circuit.
High security and high efficiency random number generation is realized, unpredictable random information is provided, and the problem of insufficient randomness in the prior art is solved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119597239A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of random number generation, and in particular to a method for generating true random numbers by utilizing bacterial extracellular electron transfer. Background Art
[0002] Random number generators (RNGs) have a wide range of applications in computing and mathematics, such as cryptography, simulation software, and statistics. As the demand for high-quality random numbers continues to grow, new requirements for generators such as cost, stability, and unpredictability have also emerged. Random number generators can be roughly divided into two categories: true random number generators (TRNGs) and pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs). TRNGs derive their randomness from inherently unpredictable physical processes, such as radioactive decay or thermal noise. On the other hand, PRNGs use deterministic algorithms to generate a series of values that exhibit similar random properties, starting from a seed initial value. Although TRNGs can produce truly random numbers, they are generally slower and more resource-intensive. In contrast, PRNGs are faster and more efficient, but may suffer from periodicity or correlation issues in their output. In the field of RNGs, a major concern currently is the randomness and unpredictability of the random numbers generated. This is because poor quality random numbers can lead to inaccurate simulations, biased statistical analysis, or compromise the security of cryptographic applications. Predictable RNG outputs can lead to low reliability of the underlying process in the simulation, or allow attackers to decrypt messages, forge signatures, or impersonate users. When evaluating RNGs, rigorous statistical tests of randomness such as NIST SP 800 and the Diehard test are generally used.
[0003] Extracellular electron transfer (EET) occurs in many microorganisms, especially in some microorganisms called exo-electron donors or exo-electron acceptors, such as some sulfur bacteria and iron bacteria. These microorganisms usually live in oxygen-scarce environments, so they obtain energy by transferring electrons to non-oxygen electron acceptors through the EET process. The EET process has important applications in environmental science, bioenergy, and biotechnology, including microbial fuel cells, biosensors, and bioremediation. The EET process is affected by the inherent randomness of biological activities and can be used in true random number generators. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method and device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer.
[0005] In one aspect of the present application, a method for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer is proposed, comprising the following steps:
[0006] The mobile terminal recognizes and converts the information in bioelectrochemical activities into electrical signals through biosensors;
[0007] The mobile terminal collects the electrical signal converted by the biosensor through a sampling circuit;
[0008] The mobile terminal generates random numbers in real time using the computing circuit from the electrical signals collected by the sampling circuit.
[0009] Preferably, the bioelectrochemical activity is biological extracellular electron transfer.
[0010] Preferably, the random number includes but is not limited to a number.
[0011] In another aspect of the present application, a device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer is provided, comprising:
[0012] A biosensor configured to convert random information in bioelectrochemical activity into an electrical signal;
[0013] a sampling module configured to provide a bias voltage and measure a voltage;
[0014] A calculation module, configured to extract the sample values collected by the sampling module into random numbers;
[0015] Output interface module, configured to communicate with the host computer.
[0016] Preferably, the biosensor comprises: a sensing chamber, an electrochemical cell, and a bio-electronic interface; the sensing chamber is provided with liquid culture medium and living bacteria, wherein the living bacteria include: electron transfer bacteria; the electrochemical cell adopts a 3-electrode form or a 2-electrode form, wherein the electrodes are inert metals.
[0017] Preferably, the sensing chamber is an airtight container and is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet to achieve the function of replacing the liquid culture liquid in the sensing chamber.
[0018] Preferably, the sampling module includes an electrochemical workstation circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit. The electrochemical workstation circuit implements voltage following through an operational amplifier circuit; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit can sample the analog voltage of the electrochemical workstation into a digital quantity.
[0019] Preferably, the bias voltage range is between ±1.1V.
[0020] Through the above technical solution, unpredictable biological activities are used to provide random information, so that the obtained random information has high security, high generation efficiency and strong scalability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate the embodiments and are used together with the description to explain the principles of the present application. It will be easy to recognize other embodiments and many expected advantages of the embodiments because they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale with each other. The same reference numerals refer to corresponding similar parts.
[0022] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to this embodiment;
[0023] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0024] Figure 3 : is a structural diagram of an electrochemical cell (using electrodes) of a device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the electrochemical cell structure of the device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to an embodiment of the present application (using an organic electrochemical transistor);
[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of bacterial extracellular electron transfer of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 from Oneida Lake used in an embodiment of the present application;
[0027] Figure 6 is a specific example diagram of a device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to a specific embodiment of the present application;
[0028] Figure 7a It is the sampling raw data of generating true random numbers by using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to a specific embodiment of the present application;
[0029] Figure 7b This is the NIST test result of generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to a specific embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description and are shown by illustrative specific embodiments in which the present application can be practiced. To this end, directional terms, such as "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "up", "down", etc., are used with reference to the orientation of the figures described. Because the components of the embodiments can be positioned in several different orientations, directional terms are used for the purpose of illustration and are by no means limiting. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be adopted in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.
[0031] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to this embodiment. This application proposes a method for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria, such as Figure 1 As shown, the steps are as follows:
[0032] The mobile terminal recognizes and converts the information in bioelectrochemical activities into electrical signals through biosensors;
[0033] The mobile terminal collects the electrical signal converted by the biosensor through a sampling circuit;
[0034] The mobile terminal generates a random number by using a computing circuit and an electrical signal collected by a sampling circuit.
[0035] In a specific embodiment, the bioelectrochemical activity is biological extracellular electron transfer.
[0036] In a specific embodiment, the random number includes but is not limited to a number.
[0037] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present application proposes a device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer, comprising:
[0038] A biosensor configured to convert random information in bioelectrochemical activity into an electrical signal;
[0039] A sampling module configured to provide a bias voltage and measure current, wherein the bias voltage range is between ±1.1 V in order to ensure biological activity, promote electron transfer and avoid background chemical reactions;
[0040] A calculation module, configured to extract the sample values collected by the sampling module into random numbers;
[0041] Output interface module, configured to communicate with the host computer.
[0042] Figure 3 : is a structural diagram of an electrochemical cell (using electrodes) of a device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the electrochemical cell in the form of three electrodes includes: a sensing chamber, a hydraulic pump, a waste liquid container, a culture liquid container, a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a working electrode and a bio-electronic interface; wherein the sensing chamber is provided with a liquid culture liquid and living bacteria, wherein the living bacteria include: electron transfer bacteria; and the sensing chamber is an airtight container, and the airtightness not only ensures an anaerobic environment for the bacteria, but also ensures that the electrical part is not affected by the electrolyte. If the airtightness is affected, trace amounts of oxygen may affect the extracellular electron transfer of the organism, and thus may affect the randomness of the data.
[0043] Furthermore, the sensing chamber is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet, the liquid outlet hydraulic pump and the waste liquid container are connected in sequence, and the liquid inlet, the liquid inlet hydraulic pump and the culture liquid container are connected in sequence; through the above-mentioned connection method, the culture liquid in the sensing chamber can be continuously updated and replenished, ensuring that the nutrients and metabolic products required by the bacteria can be replaced in time, thereby realizing the function of replaceable liquid, ensuring that the nutrients and metabolic products required by the bacteria can be replaced in time.
[0044] A timing device may also be installed at the hydraulic pump at the liquid inlet and the hydraulic pump at the liquid outlet, so that the device can regularly replace the culture solution and electrolyte in the sensing chamber without manual replacement, thereby further improving practicality.
[0045] like Figure 3 When there are three electrodes as shown in the figure, in order to simplify the device structure, a reference electrode can be made of silver chloride (Ag / AgCl) coating.
[0046] In addition, a two-electrode form can be used. In the two-electrode form, since there is no reference electrode, there is no need to consider variables such as reference electrode voltage drift and sample contamination, so its stability is better.
[0047] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the electrochemical cell structure of the device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to an embodiment of the present application (using organic electrochemical transistors), such as Figure 4 As shown, the electrochemical cell includes: a sensing chamber, a hydraulic pump, a waste liquid container, a culture liquid container, an organic electrochemical transistor and a bio-electronic interface; wherein the sensing chamber is configured with a liquid culture liquid and living bacteria, wherein the living bacteria include: electron transfer bacteria; at the same time, the sensing chamber is an airtight container, and the airtightness not only ensures an anaerobic environment for the bacteria, but also ensures that the electrical part is not affected by the electrolyte. Among them, the organic electrochemical transistor replaces the electrode in the traditional electrochemical cell. The electrochemical transistor has two information sources, channel current (drain to source) or gate current. The channel current is generated by the electrode bias voltage, which will be affected by biological activity and is much larger than the gate current.
[0048] Electrochemical transistors can be p-type or n-type. The p-type channel material can be poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS). The n-type channel material can be poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)(BBL). The main considerations for selecting channel materials are: no biotoxicity, high degree of commercialization, good material stability, compatibility with sensor manufacturing processes, etc. To avoid electrode corrosion interfering with signal acquisition, the electrodes are inert metals (such as gold, platinum, etc.) or carbon.
[0049] contrast Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that Figure 4 As a more preferred embodiment, since the electrochemical cell has a simple structure, but the current of the biological signal is small, a more accurate electrochemical workstation is required. The electrochemical transistor has a more complex structure, has two signal sources (the channel current is the amplified gate current), and has a lower accuracy requirement for the electrochemical workstation.
[0050] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of bacterial extracellular electron transfer of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 from Oneida Lake used in an embodiment of the present application.
[0051] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a specific example diagram of a device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to a specific embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the device includes: a sensing chamber, an electrochemical workstation and a host computer (PC); the sensing chamber is provided with liquid culture medium and living bacteria, wherein the living bacteria include: electron transfer bacteria; the sensing chamber is an airtight container, and nitrogen is filled outside the sensing chamber to further isolate oxygen.
[0052] The electrochemical workstation is connected to the electrodes in the sensing chamber, converts the electrical signal in the sensing chamber into an analog electrical signal, further converts it into a digital quantity, and transmits the digital quantity to a host computer (PC).
[0053] Figure 7a According to a specific embodiment of the present application, the sampled raw data of true random numbers generated by bacterial extracellular electron transfer, Figure 7b is a NIST test result of generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to a specific embodiment of the present application; Figure 7a and 7b As shown, the sampling conditions are:
[0054] The material of the working electrode is: gold (Au), area 6.12mm 2 ;
[0055] The materials used for the reference electrode are: Ag / AgCl (3M NaCl);
[0056] The materials used for the counter electrode are: platinum (Pt);
[0057] The working electrode bias voltage was selected as +0.2 V;
[0058] Use a nitrogen glove box to provide an oxygen-free environment for bacteria;
[0059] The bacterial species selected were: Shewanella oneidensis MR-1;
[0060] Bacterial source: American-Type Culture Collection, ATCC700550;
[0061] The electrolyte selected is: Shewanella Basic Medium (SBM).
[0062] Random number extraction method:
[0063] Increase the sample value by 10 8 Round up after doubling;
[0064] Convert the rounded integer value into binary format and extract the lowest 8 bits as the random number extraction result output.
[0065] NIST Test Conditions:
[0066] We use the NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to evaluate the randomness of experimental data. This open source test suite is widely used in academia and industry and can help us compare random results horizontally. The test suite will perform hypothesis tests on the data to determine whether the data meets the randomness requirement. The p-value is an indicator used to measure whether the data is random. The p-value limit is usually set to 0.01. When p>0.01, the data can be considered random with a 99% confidence interval.
[0067] Number of data templates: 10. The random number is divided into 10 segments of equal length, each with 100,540 bits.
[0068] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. In this way, if these modifications and changes are within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to cover these modifications and changes. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps not listed in the claims. The simple fact that certain measures are recorded in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that the combination of these measures cannot be used to profit. Any figure mark in the claims should not be considered to limit the scope.
Claims
1. A method for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria, characterized in that: include: The mobile terminal recognizes and converts the information in bioelectrochemical activities into electrical signals through biosensors; The mobile terminal collects the electrical signal converted by the biosensor through a sampling circuit; The mobile terminal generates random numbers in real time from the electrical signals collected by the sampling circuit through a computing circuit.
2. The method for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bioelectrochemical activity is biological extracellular electron transfer.
3. The method for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The random number includes but is not limited to a number.
4. A device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria, characterized in that: include: A biosensor configured to convert random information in bioelectrochemical activity into an electrical signal; a sampling module configured to provide a bias voltage and measure a current; A calculation module, configured to extract the sample values collected by the sampling module into random numbers in real time; Output interface module, configured to communicate with the host computer.
5. The device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The biosensor comprises: a sensing chamber, an electrochemical cell, and a biological-electronic interface; the sensing chamber is provided with liquid culture fluid and living bacteria, wherein the Living bacteria include: electroactive microorganisms; the electrochemical cell includes a 3-electrode form and a 2-electrode form The method comprises the step of: forming a nanostructured carbon nanotube film in which the electrodes are inert metals.
6. The device for generating true random numbers using bacterial extracellular electron transfer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensing chamber is an airtight container and is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet to realize the functions of automatic replacement of the liquid culture liquid in the sensing chamber and long-term operation of the sensor.
7. The device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sampling module includes an electrochemical workstation circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit. The electrochemical workstation circuit implements voltage following through an operational amplifier circuit; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit samples the analog voltage of the electrochemical workstation into a digital quantity.
8. The device for generating true random numbers using extracellular electron transfer of bacteria according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bias voltage range is between ±1.1V.