Seismic data processing method, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a seismic data processing method, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a program product. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-stage seismic data and a preset grid area of a target area, wherein the seismic data comprises basic data and observation data; performing data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data; associating a seismic source and a receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs; establishing a surface element grid according to the range of the target region and a preset grid area; according to the position and the extraction proportion of the basic data pair, screening the observation data pair in each surface element to obtain a target data pair; and generating an observation file based on the basic data pairs and the target data pairs of all the surface elements. Through a data processing mode of surface element extraction, multi-period seismic data can be rapidly and effectively processed, it is ensured that the data used when the observation file is generated has high quality and consistency, and improvement of the precision and reliability of seismic imaging is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of petroleum seismic exploration, and in particular to a seismic data processing method, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product. Background Art

[0002] Petroleum seismic exploration is a method of using seismic waves to detect underground geological structures and rock properties. Seismic exploration generates seismic waves through artificial seismic sources. Seismic waves propagate in underground strata with different elasticity and density, and their propagation patterns are affected by the properties of the strata. By observing and analyzing the propagation of these seismic waves, the structure and morphology of the underground rock strata can be inferred;

[0003] Large oil and gas fields usually use non-repetitive time-lapse seismic for remaining oil and gas prediction and reservoir monitoring; however, due to the huge differences in non-repetitive time-lapse seismic acquisition observation systems, the resulting differences in illumination and imaging are much greater than the reservoir time-lapse response, and it is necessary to process the observation system data before imaging. Existing data processing methods such as pre-stack / post-stack data regularization, five-dimensional data interpolation, and correlation extraction methods have weak time-lapse responses and poor data accuracy for thin-bed lithologic reservoirs, resulting in large differences in seismic imaging and accuracy that is difficult to meet actual needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a seismic data processing method, an electronic device, a storage medium and a program product to solve the problem of low seismic imaging accuracy caused by poor data processing quality in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a seismic data processing method, comprising:

[0006] Acquire multiple periods of seismic data and a preset grid area of ​​a target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data;

[0007] Performing data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data;

[0008] Establishing a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area;

[0009] Associating the seismic source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs;

[0010] Filtering the observed data pairs in each bin to obtain target data pairs according to the positions of the basic data pairs and the extraction ratio;

[0011] Generate observation files based on the base data pairs and target data pairs of all facets.

[0012] In a possible implementation, performing data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data includes:

[0013] Obtaining a stacked section by stacking the data covered multiple times in the seismic data;

[0014] Performing noise analysis on the stacked profile to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio;

[0015] A ratio of the number of times the basic data and the observation data are covered when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent is obtained based on the stacked profile and the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0016] The ratio is used as the extraction ratio of the basic data to the observed data.

[0017] In a possible implementation manner, establishing a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area includes:

[0018] Determining boundary coordinates according to the range of the target area;

[0019] Divide the target area into grids according to the preset grid area to obtain a plurality of facets;

[0020] The four-corner coordinates and the center point position corresponding to each of the face elements are obtained based on the boundary coordinates.

[0021] In a possible implementation, selecting the target data pair from the observed data pairs in each bin according to the position of the basic data pair and the extraction ratio includes:

[0022] Within each grid range, the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range are selected according to the positions of the basic data pairs;

[0023] By performing error analysis on the screened observation data pairs and the basic data pairs, the error value of the observation data pairs in each grid is obtained;

[0024] A corresponding number of observation data pairs are selected as target data pairs from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the extraction ratio and the error value.

[0025] In a possible implementation, selecting, according to the extraction ratio and the error value, a number of observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range as target data pairs includes:

[0026] Sort the observation data pairs according to the error values ​​to obtain an error sequence;

[0027] From the end of the error sequence with a smaller error value, a number of observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio are selected as target data pairs corresponding to each grid.

[0028] In a possible implementation, it further includes:

[0029] Determining whether the data coverage rate of the observation file for the target area is less than a preset coverage threshold;

[0030] When the data coverage is less than a preset coverage threshold, the coordinates of the source and the receiving point are exchanged, and the step of associating the source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs is returned;

[0031] When the data coverage is greater than or equal to a preset coverage threshold, the basic data pairs and all extracted target data pairs are merged to generate an observation file.

[0032] In a possible implementation, it further includes:

[0033] Performing consistency analysis on the offset and azimuth of the observation file to obtain consistency data;

[0034] comparing the consistency data with a preset accuracy range;

[0035] If the consistency data is not within the preset accuracy range, return to the step of screening the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the position of the basic data pairs, and adjust the preset error range.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a seismic data processing device, comprising:

[0037] An acquisition module, used to acquire multi-period seismic data and a preset grid area of ​​a target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data;

[0038] An analysis module, used for performing data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data;

[0039] An establishing module, used for establishing a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area;

[0040] An association module, used for associating the seismic source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs;

[0041] An extraction module, configured to select a target data pair from the observed data pairs in each bin according to the position of the basic data pair and the extraction ratio;

[0042] The generation module is used to generate observation files based on the basic data pairs and target data pairs of all face elements.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the analysis module is further used for:

[0044] Obtaining a stacked section by stacking the data covered multiple times in the seismic data;

[0045] Performing noise analysis on the stacked profile to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio;

[0046] A ratio of the number of times the basic data and the observation data are covered when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent is obtained based on the stacked profile and the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0047] The ratio is used as the extraction ratio of the basic data to the observed data.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the establishment module is further used for:

[0049] Determining boundary coordinates according to the range of the target area;

[0050] Divide the target area into grids according to the preset grid area to obtain a plurality of facets;

[0051] The four-corner coordinates and the center point position corresponding to each of the face elements are obtained based on the boundary coordinates.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the extraction module is further used to:

[0053] Within each grid range, the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range are selected according to the positions of the basic data pairs;

[0054] By performing error analysis on the screened observation data pairs and the basic data pairs, the error value of the observation data pairs in each grid is obtained;

[0055] A corresponding number of observation data pairs are selected as target data pairs from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the extraction ratio and the error value.

[0056] In a possible implementation, the extraction module is further used to:

[0057] Sort the observation data pairs according to the error values ​​to obtain an error sequence;

[0058] From the end of the error sequence with a smaller error value, a number of observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio are selected as target data pairs corresponding to each grid.

[0059] In a possible implementation, the generating module is further used for:

[0060] Determining whether the data coverage rate of the observation file for the target area is less than a preset coverage threshold;

[0061] When the data coverage is less than a preset coverage threshold, the coordinates of the source and the receiving point are exchanged, and the step of associating the source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs is returned;

[0062] When the data coverage is greater than or equal to a preset coverage threshold, the basic data pairs and all extracted target data pairs are merged to generate an observation file.

[0063] In a possible implementation, the generating module is further used for:

[0064] Performing consistency analysis on the offset and azimuth of the observation file to obtain consistency data;

[0065] comparing the consistency data with a preset accuracy range;

[0066] If the consistency data is not within the preset accuracy range, return to the step of screening the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the position of the basic data pairs, and adjust the preset error range.

[0067] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a seismic data processing device, including: a memory, a processor;

[0068] The memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0069] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor executes the above first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0070] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the first aspect above and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0071] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above first aspect and / or various possible implementation methods of the first aspect.

[0072] The seismic data processing method, electronic device, storage medium and program product provided by the embodiment of the present application obtain multi-period seismic data and preset grid area of ​​the target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data; data analysis is performed on the seismic data to obtain the extraction ratio of basic data and observation data; the source and receiving point in the seismic data are associated to obtain multiple basic data pairs and observation data pairs; a facet grid is established according to the scope of the target area and the preset grid area; the target data pairs are screened from the observation data pairs in each facet according to the position and extraction ratio of the basic data pairs; and observation files are generated based on the basic data pairs and target data pairs of all facets. Multi-period seismic data can be processed quickly and efficiently, ensuring that the data used in generating observation files is of high quality and consistency, which helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of seismic imaging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0074] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 1 ;

[0075] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 2 ;

[0076] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 3 ;

[0077] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 4 ;

[0078] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 5 ;

[0079] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of data extraction before and after the source-receiving point positions are swapped in the embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the number of coverages before and after the source-receiving point positions are swapped in the embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of determining the extraction ratio according to the signal-to-noise ratio in an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Fig. 9 This is a distribution diagram of the number of coverages after data processing in the embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Fig.10 This is the distribution diagram of offset and azimuth before and after data processing in the embodiment of this application;

[0084] Fig.11 The offset cross section (top) and the signal-to-noise ratio plane diagram (bottom) before and after data processing in the embodiment of the present application;

[0085] Fig.12 This is the NRMS monitoring diagram before and after the source-receiving point position is swapped in the embodiment of the present application;

[0086] Fig.13 It is a time-lapse seismic difference profile diagram before and after the source-receiving point positions are swapped in the embodiment of the present application;

[0087] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the seismic data processing device provided in this application;

[0088] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the structure of the seismic data processing equipment provided in this application.

[0089] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0091] First, the terms involved in this application are explained:

[0092] Shot detector pair: In seismic exploration, "shot" refers to the source point of artificially excited seismic waves, while "detector" refers to the detector (or seismic receiver) that receives seismic waves. Shot detector pair usually refers to the combination relationship between a shot point and multiple detectors.

[0093] Offset: Offset refers to the distance between the shot point and the detector. It is an important parameter in seismic exploration and is used to describe the distance that seismic waves propagate. The size of the offset will affect the quality and resolution of seismic data, so it is necessary to set the offset reasonably when collecting seismic data.

[0094] Azimuth: Azimuth refers to the horizontal angle difference from the north direction line of a certain point to the target direction in a clockwise direction. In seismic exploration, azimuth is usually used to describe the relative position relationship between the shot point and the detector.

[0095] Signal-to-Noise Ratio: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) refers to the ratio of the useful signal power to the noise power, usually expressed in decibels (dB). In seismic exploration, the signal-to-noise ratio is an important indicator used to measure the quality and reliability of seismic data. A high signal-to-noise ratio means that the useful signal in the seismic data is stronger and the noise is weaker.

[0096] Shot checkpoints: Shot checkpoints refer to the specific locations where shot points and geophones are arranged in seismic exploration. These locations are usually determined based on a comprehensive consideration of geological conditions, exploration objectives, and the performance of acquisition equipment.

[0097] Basic data usually refers to various background information and parameters used to support and correct observation data in seismic exploration, usually including geological models, velocity models, geographic information, and historical data. Observation data refers to seismic signal data directly collected by seismic exploration equipment, such as seismic records, multiple coverage data, signal-to-noise ratio, etc., which is the basis of seismic imaging and analysis.

[0098] In the existing technology, through methods such as pre-stack / post-stack data regularization, five-dimensional data interpolation, and correlation extraction, for thin reservoir lithologic oil reservoirs, the time-shift response is weak, the data accuracy is poor, there are large differences in seismic imaging, and the accuracy is difficult to meet actual needs. Technical problems.

[0099] The seismic data processing method provided in the present application effectively reduces the technical problem of seismic imaging differences caused by non-repetitive acquisition observation systems by means of technical means of surface element extraction of multi-period seismic data.

[0100] The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0101] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0102] S101. Acquire multi-period seismic data and a preset grid area of ​​a target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data.

[0103] Specifically, basic data refers to the data information collected by basic seismic data. Basic seismic data uses fixed receiving points, and the positions of the receiving points are pre-set to provide comprehensive coverage of underground structures. Basic seismic receiving points are used for long-term monitoring and observation of changes in underground structures. Observation data refers to seismic data collected directly during seismic exploration. By using mobile receiving points, the positions of the receiving points will be dynamically arranged according to exploration needs. The grid size will be pre-set in each period of data acquisition according to the accuracy standards required for data processing and imaging in each period. The preset grid area is the grid area corresponding to the largest grid in multiple periods of seismic data.

[0104] S102. Analyze the seismic data to obtain the extraction ratio of basic data to observation data.

[0105] Specifically, basic data and observation data are integrated to ensure that the data used in data processing and imaging are of high quality and consistency, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of seismic imaging.

[0106] S103: Establish a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area.

[0107] Specifically, the facet grid is divided according to the scope of the target area and the preset grid area to ensure the accuracy and reliability of seismic data acquisition and processing.

[0108] S104, associating the seismic source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs.

[0109] Specifically, the basic data is obtained through a source-receiving point combination of fixed receiving points; and the observation data is obtained through a source-receiving point combination of mobile receiving points.

[0110] S105. Filter the observed data pairs in each bin to obtain target data pairs according to the positions and extraction ratios of the basic data pairs.

[0111] Specifically, by effectively screening and optimizing observation data pairs within each grid, high-quality target data pairs are generated to ensure that they can effectively cover the target area and meet accuracy requirements.

[0112] S106: Generate observation files based on the basic data pairs and target data pairs of all facets.

[0113] Specifically, the basic data pairs and the target data pairs are merged to ensure that the basic data pairs and the target data pairs of each facet are included, and the observation file corresponding to the target area is obtained.

[0114] The seismic data processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can quickly and effectively process multi-period seismic data through the data processing method of facet extraction, ensure that the data used when generating observation files are of high quality and consistency, and help improve the accuracy and reliability of seismic imaging.

[0115] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment Figure 1 Based on the embodiment, a method for processing seismic data is described in detail, and the method includes:

[0116] S201, obtaining a stacked section by stacking data covered multiple times in the seismic data.

[0117] Specifically, in seismic exploration, the signal-to-noise ratio of data can be improved by covering the same area multiple times. The stacking process generates a stacked profile by stacking these multiple covered data. The stacking process adds the data collected multiple times, which can effectively suppress random noise while enhancing the signal.

[0118] S202, performing noise analysis on the stacked profile to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio.

[0119] Specifically, the signal-to-noise ratio in the stacked profile is identified and extracted through signal-to-noise ratio analysis. The specific analysis process includes basic preprocessing of the stacked profile, such as removing DC offset and applying preliminary frequency filtering; distinguishing the noise according to the preset interval range, identifying the distinguished noise through spectrum analysis and time domain analysis, extracting the identified noise to obtain noise data, and calculating the signal-to-noise ratio based on the noise data.

[0120] S203. Based on the stacked profile and the signal-to-noise ratio, obtain a ratio of the number of times the basic data and the number of times the observation data are covered when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent.

[0121] Specifically, generate signal-to-noise ratio curves of basic data and observed data at different coverage times. Determine the coverage times of basic data and observed data when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent. Calculate the coverage times ratio of basic data and observed data based on the coverage times, that is, the ratio of the coverage times required for the two when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent.

[0122] S204. Use the ratio as the extraction ratio of basic data to observed data.

[0123] Specifically, a reasonable extraction ratio can reduce the amount of computational effort in data processing and improve processing efficiency.

[0124] The seismic data processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the coverage ratio obtained by signal-to-noise ratio analysis as the extraction ratio of basic data to observation data. This helps to effectively improve data quality and processing efficiency in the seismic data processing and imaging process when resources are limited or the amount of data is huge.

[0125] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 3 ,like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment Figure 1 Based on the embodiment, a method for processing seismic data is described in detail, and the method includes:

[0126] S301. Determine boundary coordinates according to the range of the target area.

[0127] Specifically, the boundary of the target area can be determined by using a geographic information system or other geographic tools, and then the coordinates of the four corner points of the boundary can be obtained based on the boundary information.

[0128] S302: Divide the target area into grids according to a preset grid area to obtain a plurality of facets.

[0129] Specifically, the target area is gridded by presetting the grid area, and the boundary coordinates of the target area are divided into multiple regular rectangular or square face elements during the division process; at the same time, the number of face elements that can be accommodated in the target area is calculated to ensure that the entire area can be covered.

[0130] S303: Obtain the four-corner coordinates and the center point position corresponding to each face element based on the boundary coordinates.

[0131] The seismic data processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can establish an effective facet grid according to the scope of the target area and the preset grid area through facet grid division, thereby ensuring that the entire area can be covered and improving the accuracy and reliability of seismic data acquisition and processing.

[0132] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 4 ,like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment Figure 1 Based on the embodiment, a method for processing seismic data is described in detail, and the method includes:

[0133] S401. Within each grid range, select observation data pairs that meet a preset error range according to the positions of basic data pairs.

[0134] Specifically, the preset error range is used to filter out observation data pairs that meet the requirements to improve data quality; the error can be based on location, time difference or other relevant parameters. In each grid, the screening process filters out observation data pairs that meet the preset error range based on the location of the basic data pairs.

[0135] S402: Perform error analysis on the screened observation data pairs and the basic data pairs to obtain error values ​​of the observation data pairs in each grid.

[0136] Specifically, for each observation data pair that meets the preset error range, the error value between it and the basic data pair is calculated. The error value can be a position deviation, an arrival time difference or other related indicators.

[0137] S403: Select a corresponding number of observation data pairs as target data pairs from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the extraction ratio and the error value.

[0138] The specific selection process is as follows: sort the observation data pairs according to the error value to obtain the error sequence; select the observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio from the end with the smaller error value in the error sequence as the target data pairs corresponding to each grid.

[0139] Specifically, when there is no observation data pair with a zero error value, the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range are sorted according to the error value to generate an error sequence, which is arranged in order from small to large error values. According to the predetermined extraction ratio, a corresponding number of observation data pairs are selected from the end with a small error value to ensure that the selected observation data pairs have the smallest error.

[0140] The seismic data processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application generates high-quality target data pairs by effectively screening and optimizing observation data pairs in each grid, thereby ensuring that they can effectively cover the target area and meet accuracy requirements.

[0141] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided in this application Figure 5 ,like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment Figure 1 Based on the embodiment, a method for processing seismic data is described in detail, and the method includes:

[0142] S501: Determine whether the data coverage of the observation file for the target area is less than a preset coverage threshold.

[0143] Specifically, the distribution of the observation data pairs in the target area is determined, and the coverage rate is calculated. The coverage rate is the ratio of the observation data pairs in the target area to be effectively covered.

[0144] S502. When the data coverage is less than a preset coverage threshold, the coordinates of the source and the receiving point are exchanged, and the step of associating the source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs is returned.

[0145] Specifically, if the data coverage is less than the preset coverage threshold, it means that the current data pair has insufficient coverage. The geometric configuration of data acquisition is changed by exchanging the coordinates of the source and the receiving point, providing a new perspective and coverage range, and re-screening the target data pairs to supplement the data volume and improve the data coverage.

[0146] S503: When the data coverage is greater than or equal to a preset coverage threshold, the basic data pairs and all extracted target data pairs are merged to generate an observation file.

[0147] Specifically, until the data coverage meets the coverage requirement.

[0148] S504: Perform consistency analysis on the offset and azimuth of the observation file to obtain consistent data.

[0149] Specifically, the offset and azimuth consistency analysis is performed on the merged observation files to analyze the spatial consistency of the data pairs and ensure that the geometric distribution of the data is reasonable.

[0150] S505: Compare the consistency data with the preset accuracy range.

[0151] Specifically, the consistency data obtained by analysis is compared with the preset accuracy range to ensure that the consistency of the data is within the allowable accuracy range.

[0152] S506: If the consistency data is not within the preset accuracy range, return to the step of selecting observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the position of the basic data pairs, and adjust the preset error range.

[0153] Specifically, the preset error range is adjusted to improve the consistency of data.

[0154] The following is an example with reference to specific embodiments:

[0155] Based on the seismic data collected in multiple periods in the target area, different coverage ratios are extracted to perform stack profile signal-to-noise ratio analysis. Figure 8 As shown, the extraction ratio of basic data to observation data (1:5) is determined under the premise of consistent signal-to-noise ratio.

[0156] The relative relationship between the source and the receiving point is established, and the information of the bin grid is input. The allowable error range of the repeated data extraction is given, and its expression is as follows:

[0157] ΔS+ΔR <D0 +offset*0.01

[0158] Among them, ΔS is the distance between the base earthquake and the observed earthquake shot point (source); ΔR is the distance between the base earthquake and the observed earthquake detection point (receiving point), D 0 is the initial preset error range, which usually ranges from 25m to 50m and can be defined and adjusted according to the differences in multiple seismic observation systems; offset is the offset distance, which is uniformly set to 5000m when offset>5000m, so that the total error is less than 100m.

[0159] In each bin grid, for each basic data pair, the corresponding observation data pair (such as Figure 6 (as shown in part a):

[0160] Within the preset error range, the observation data pairs are screened and sorted from small to large according to the sum of the errors between the source and the receiving point (ΔS+ΔR). According to the extraction ratio (1:5) determined in the above steps, the first 5 observation data pairs with the smallest errors are selected, and the basic data pairs are output at the same time. If no observation data pairs that meet the conditions are found, they are skipped and the next basic data pair is searched until all basic data pairs in the current bin are searched. This step is repeated for the basic data in the next bin until all bins are screened.

[0161] Summarize all output basic data pairs and observation data pairs to generate observation files:

[0162] All data pairs extracted from basic earthquakes and observation earthquakes are summarized and sorted out respectively, and the observation system file is generated and output in a standard format. The observation system file is analyzed to see whether the coverage times, distribution uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio can meet the requirements of migration imaging. If the preset requirements are met, the consistency extraction of the observation system is terminated and completed.

[0163] When the output result cannot meet the requirements, according to the reversibility principle of ray path, the gun-check point coordinates are exchanged and a second round of data extraction is performed (such as Figure 6 (shown in part b).

[0164] Combine the results of the first and second rounds of extraction, output a new observation system file and evaluate it. If the requirements are met, terminate and complete the observation system consistency extraction work (such as Figure 7 shown).

[0165] If the coverage of the extracted results is high but the consistency of the two seismic data is poor, reduce the preset error range (reduce the D 0 ), re-screen the data until it meets the requirements of subsequent processing and completes the data processing of seismic data (such as Fig. 9 shown).

[0166] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The coverage times, offset distances and azimuth distributions of multiple seismic data before and after data processing eliminate the huge differences in non-repetitive acquisition observation systems and ensure the consistency of illumination and migration imaging of multiple seismic data observations in time-lapse seismic research, such as Fig.11 As shown, the differences in multi-period seismic data caused by non-reservoir changes are effectively reduced.

[0167] like Fig.12 As shown in Figure 2, the consistency of multi-period seismic data has been effectively improved. The time-shift difference profiles before and after processing are shown in Figure 2. Fig.13 As shown in the figure, Ed, Es31 and Es1 are difference points. Data processing reduces the seismic difference in non-reservoir areas while better retaining the time-shift difference response caused by reservoir changes.

[0168] The seismic data processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application performs data coverage and consistency checks, supplements data and adjusts the error range for detection files that do not meet the conditions, optimizes the coverage and consistency of data in observation files, ensures that the generated observation files meet the accuracy and quality requirements of exploration, and helps to improve the reliability and accuracy of seismic imaging.

[0169] Fig.14 The structural diagram of the seismic data processing device provided in this application is as follows: Fig.14 As shown, the seismic data processing device 140 provided in this embodiment includes:

[0170] An acquisition module 1401 is used to acquire multiple-period seismic data and a preset grid area of ​​a target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data;

[0171] An analysis module 1402 is used to perform data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data;

[0172] Establishing module 1403, used to establish a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area;

[0173] An association module 1404 is used to associate the seismic source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs;

[0174] An extraction module 1405 is used to select a target data pair from the observed data pairs in each bin according to the position and extraction ratio of the basic data pair;

[0175] The generating module 1406 is used to generate an observation file based on the basic data pairs and target data pairs of all facets.

[0176] In a possible implementation, the analysis module 1402 is further configured to:

[0177] The stacked section is obtained by stacking the data covered multiple times in the seismic data;

[0178] The signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by performing noise analysis on the stacked profiles;

[0179] Based on the stacked profile and signal-to-noise ratio, the ratio of the number of times the basic data and the observation data are covered is obtained when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent;

[0180] The ratio is taken as the extraction ratio of basic data to observed data.

[0181] In a possible implementation, the establishment module 1403 is further used to:

[0182] Determine boundary coordinates according to the scope of the target area;

[0183] Divide the target area into grids according to the preset grid area to obtain multiple face elements;

[0184] Based on the boundary coordinates, the four corner coordinates and center point position of each face element are obtained.

[0185] In a possible implementation, the extraction module 1405 is further configured to:

[0186] Within each grid range, the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range are selected according to the positions of the basic data pairs;

[0187] By performing error analysis on the screened observation data pairs and the basic data pairs, the error value of the observation data pairs in each grid is obtained;

[0188] According to the extraction ratio and the error value, a corresponding number of observation data pairs are selected from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range as target data pairs.

[0189] In a possible implementation, the extraction module 1405 is further configured to:

[0190] Sort the observation data pairs according to the error values ​​to obtain the error sequence;

[0191] From the end of the error sequence with a smaller error value, a number of observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio are selected as the target data pairs corresponding to each grid.

[0192] In a possible implementation, the generating module 1406 is further configured to:

[0193] Determine whether the data coverage of the observation file for the target area is less than a preset coverage threshold;

[0194] When the data coverage is less than a preset coverage threshold, the coordinates of the source and the receiving point are exchanged, and the step of associating the source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs is returned;

[0195] When the data coverage is greater than or equal to the preset coverage threshold, the basic data pairs and all extracted target data pairs are merged to generate an observation file.

[0196] In a possible implementation, the generating module 1406 is further configured to:

[0197] Conduct consistency analysis on the offset and azimuth of the observation files to obtain consistent data;

[0198] Compare the consistency data with the preset accuracy range;

[0199] If the consistency data is not within the preset accuracy range, return to the step of selecting observation data pairs that meet the preset error range based on the position of the basic data pair, and adjust the preset error range.

[0200] The seismic data processing device provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0201] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seismic data processing equipment provided in this application. Fig.15 As shown, the seismic data processing device 150 provided in this embodiment includes: at least one processor 1501 and a memory 1502. Optionally, the device 150 also includes a communication component 1503. The processor 1501, the memory 1502 and the communication component 1503 are connected via a bus 1504.

[0202] In a specific implementation process, at least one processor 1501 executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 1502, so that at least one processor 1501 executes the above method.

[0203] The specific implementation process of the processor 1501 can be found in the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so this embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0204] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the invention may be directly implemented as being executed by a hardware processor, or may be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0205] The memory may include a high-speed memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory (Non-volatile Memory, NVM), such as at least one disk memory.

[0206] The bus may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, the bus in the drawings of the present application is not limited to only one bus or one type of bus.

[0207] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0208] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the above method is implemented.

[0209] The above-mentioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer.

[0210] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the readable storage medium and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can be located in an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, referred to as: ASIC). Of course, the processor and the readable storage medium can also exist in the device as discrete components.

[0211] The division of units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0212] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0213] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0214] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0215] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above-mentioned method embodiments can be completed by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments are executed; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM, RAM, disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0216] Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention, which follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the art not disclosed by the present invention, are not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the drawings, and may be modified and changed in various ways without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for processing seismic data, characterized in that: include: Acquire multiple periods of seismic data and a preset grid area of ​​a target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data; Performing data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data; Establishing a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area; Associating the seismic source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs; Filtering the observed data pairs in each bin to obtain target data pairs according to the positions of the basic data pairs and the extraction ratio; Generate observation files based on the base data pairs and target data pairs of all facets.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seismic data is analyzed to obtain the extraction ratio of basic data to observation data, including: Obtaining a stacked section by stacking the data covered multiple times in the seismic data; Performing noise analysis on the stacked profile to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio; A ratio of the number of times the basic data and the observation data are covered when the signal-to-noise ratio is consistent is obtained based on the stacked profile and the signal-to-noise ratio; The ratio is used as the extraction ratio of the basic data to the observed data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Establishing a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area includes: Determining boundary coordinates according to the range of the target area; Divide the target area into grids according to the preset grid area to obtain a plurality of facets; The four-corner coordinates and the center point position corresponding to each of the face elements are obtained based on the boundary coordinates.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target data pair is obtained by screening the observed data pairs in each bin according to the position of the basic data pair and the extraction ratio, including: Within each grid range, the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range are selected according to the positions of the basic data pairs; By performing error analysis on the screened observation data pairs and the basic data pairs, the error value of the observation data pairs in each grid is obtained; A corresponding number of observation data pairs are selected as target data pairs from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the extraction ratio and the error value.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that According to the extraction ratio and the error value, a number of observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio are selected from the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range as target data pairs, including: Sort the observation data pairs according to the error values ​​to obtain an error sequence; From the end of the error sequence with a smaller error value, a number of observation data pairs corresponding to the extraction ratio are selected as target data pairs corresponding to each grid.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Also includes: Determining whether the data coverage rate of the observation file for the target area is less than a preset coverage threshold; When the data coverage is less than a preset coverage threshold, the coordinates of the source and the receiving point are exchanged, and the step of associating the source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs is returned; When the data coverage is greater than or equal to a preset coverage threshold, the basic data pairs and all extracted target data pairs are merged to generate an observation file.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Also includes: Performing consistency analysis on the offset and azimuth of the observation file to obtain consistency data; comparing the consistency data with a preset accuracy range; If the consistency data is not within the preset accuracy range, return to the step of screening the observation data pairs that meet the preset error range according to the position of the basic data pairs, and adjust the preset error range.

8. A seismic data processing device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to acquire multi-period seismic data and a preset grid area of ​​a target area, wherein the seismic data includes basic data and observation data; An analysis module, used for performing data analysis on the seismic data to obtain an extraction ratio of basic data to observation data; An establishing module, used for establishing a bin grid according to the range of the target area and the preset grid area; An association module, used for associating the seismic source and the receiving point in the seismic data to obtain a plurality of basic data pairs and observation data pairs; An extraction module, configured to select a target data pair from the observed data pairs in each bin according to the position of the basic data pair and the extraction ratio; The generation module is used to generate observation files based on the basic data pairs and target data pairs of all facets.

9. A seismic data processing device, characterized in that: include: Memory, processor; The memory stores computer-executable instructions; The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which are used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed by a processor.

11. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises a computer program, which implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when being executed by a processor.

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