Machine tool and method for machining special-shaped polyhedrons

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a processing machine tool and a processing method for a special-shaped polyhedron. The machining tool comprises a base, a stand column arranged on the base, a control device, a first adjusting mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a second adjusting mechanism, a laser mechanism and a linear scanning device, the first adjusting mechanism is arranged on the base and used for adjusting the position of a blank to be machined in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The rotating mechanism is in transmission connection with the first adjusting mechanism and used for driving the to-be-machined blank to rotate around the A axis and the C axis. The second adjusting mechanism is arranged on the stand column and used for adjusting the positions of a cutting head and a line scanning device included by the laser mechanism in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the line scanning device is used for obtaining point cloud data of the to-be-machined blank; according to the processing machine tool disclosed by the invention, the control device is matched with the linear scanning device, so that the cutting precision of the processing machine tool during processing of special-shaped polyhedrons can be improved, and the adaptability of the processing machine tool to complex shapes is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and in particular to a processing machine tool and a processing method for a special-shaped polyhedron. Background Art

[0002] A polyhedron is a three-dimensional shape with multiple irregular faces. In the gem processing industry, polyhedrons specifically refer to gems with complex geometric shapes formed by cutting and polishing, such as "round", "polyhedron", "emerald", "pear" or "princess". The faceting of these gems with complex shapes requires extremely high precision.

[0003] As a precision processing tool, the performance of laser machine tools is directly related to the quality of processed products. Laser machine tools play a vital role in industrial production, especially in areas that require high precision and fine processing. However, when faced with extremely complex geometric shapes such as irregular polyhedrons, it is difficult to accurately plan the laser processing path, and during the laser processing process, defocusing is prone to occur, that is, the laser beam fails to focus accurately on the workpiece surface. When the laser beam is defocused, it is easy to cause uneven heating of the blank material in the processing area, further causing uneven thermal stress inside the blank, which not only affects the final accuracy of the processed part, but may also form microcracks inside the material.

[0004] In addition, existing laser machine tools usually require operators to perform manual intervention and adjustments when processing special-shaped polyhedrons. This process not only increases the complexity of processing, but also introduces the influence of human factors; for example, the operator's technical level, experience and operating habits may have a significant impact on the processing results, resulting in unstable processing quality, thereby affecting the quality consistency of the final product.

[0005] It can be seen that the existing technology still needs to be improved and enhanced. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool for processing special-shaped polyhedrons, including a line scanning device for acquiring point cloud data, which can improve the cutting accuracy of the machine tool when processing special-shaped polyhedrons and enhance the adaptability of the machine tool to complex shapes.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron comprises a frame, a control device, and a first adjustment mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a second adjustment mechanism, a laser mechanism and a line scanning device electrically connected to the control device respectively; the frame comprises a base and a column arranged on the base; the first adjustment mechanism is arranged on the base, and is used to adjust the position of a blank to be processed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; the rotating mechanism is transmission-connected with the first adjustment mechanism, and is used to drive the blank to be processed to rotate around the A-axis and the C-axis, and the rotating mechanism comprises a fixture for mounting the blank to be processed; the laser mechanism is used to process the blank to be processed on the fixture, and the laser mechanism comprises a cutting head, and the second adjustment mechanism is arranged on the column, and is used to adjust the position of the cutting head and the line scanning device in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and the line scanning device is used to obtain point cloud data of the blank to be processed.

[0009] In the processing machine tool for the special-shaped polyhedron, the rotating mechanism includes a fixed seat, a driving member, a sunken swing arm, a carrier plate and a rotating member; the fixed seat is transmission-connected to the output end of the first adjustment mechanism, and the driving member is arranged on the fixed seat; the output end of the driving member is transmission-connected to the sunken swing arm, and is used to rotate the blank to be processed along the A axis; the carrier plate is arranged at the bottom of the sunken swing arm, and the rotating member is arranged on the carrier plate, and its output end is transmission-connected to the clamp, and is used to drive the blank to be processed to rotate along the C axis.

[0010] In the processing machine tool for the special-shaped polyhedron, stop rods are respectively arranged on both sides of the fixing seat, a stop block is arranged on the top of the sinking swing arm, and the stop rod cooperates with the stop block to realize the rotation limit of the sinking swing arm.

[0011] In the processing machine tool for special-shaped polyhedrons, the rotating mechanism also includes a water cooling component, which includes a cooling water jacket and a cooling channel arranged in the cooling water jacket; the cooling water jacket is arranged on the fixed seat and covers the driving member, and the cooling channel is arranged around the driving member; a water inlet and a water outlet are opened on the cooling water jacket, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively connected to the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the cooling channel; avoidance holes are respectively opened on both sides of the fixed seat, and the avoidance holes are used to avoid water pipes.

[0012] In the processing machine tool for the special-shaped polyhedron, the first adjustment mechanism includes a first linear module and a second linear module respectively electrically connected to the control device, the first linear module includes a first slider, and the second linear module includes a second slider; the second linear module is arranged on the first slider, and the first linear module is used to adjust the position of the second linear module in the Y direction; the fixed seat is arranged on the second slider, and the second linear module is used to adjust the position of the fixed seat in the X direction.

[0013] In the machine tool for processing special-shaped polyhedrons, the laser mechanism also includes an optical path component and a probe. The optical path component is arranged on the top of the column, and the optical path component is used to provide a laser beam for the cutting head; the probe is transmission-connected to the second adjustment mechanism, and the probe is used to confirm the actual working distance of the cutting head.

[0014] In the processing machine tool for the special-shaped polyhedron, the second adjustment mechanism is a third linear module, and the third linear module includes a third slider; the laser mechanism also includes a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat; the cutting head is connected to the third slider through the first connecting seat, and the probe and the line scanning device are connected to the third slider through the second connecting seat; the third linear module is electrically connected to the control device, and is used to adjust the position of the cutting head, the probe and the line scanning device in the Z direction.

[0015] The machine tool for processing special-shaped polyhedrons also includes a dust collection mechanism, which is connected to the third slider. The dust collection mechanism includes a dust collection pipe, which is arranged on the other side of the cutting head and is used to collect dust during laser processing.

[0016] The present application also provides a processing method for a special-shaped polyhedron, which is implemented by a processing machine as described above; the processing method includes the steps of: obtaining the volume parameters of the blank to be processed, and obtaining the point cloud data fed back by the line scanning device based on the volume parameters of the blank to be processed; obtaining the reference line information on the blank to be processed, and realizing the alignment between the point cloud data and the blank to be processed based on the reference line information to obtain the alignment data; obtaining the finished product effect drawing and the finished product related parameters, and confirming the point cloud data to be cut for each facet based on the finished product related parameters and the alignment data; confirming the cutting surface corresponding to the facet according to the point cloud data to be cut for each facet and the finished product effect drawing, and generating a cutting path corresponding to the cutting surface; selecting any facet from the finished product effect drawing as the initial processing facet, and processing the initial processing facet according to the cutting path corresponding to the initial processing facet; after completing the processing of the initial processing facet, processing adjacent facets one by one along the preset direction based on the cutting path corresponding to the facet.

[0017] In the processing method of the irregular polyhedron, the volume parameters of the blank to be processed are obtained, and the point cloud data fed back by the line scanning device is obtained based on the volume parameters of the blank to be processed, which specifically includes: obtaining the volume parameters of the blank to be processed, and comparing the volume parameters with a preset volume threshold; when the volume parameter is less than the preset volume threshold, obtaining the point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed fed back by the line scanning device; when the volume parameter is greater than or equal to the preset volume threshold, obtaining multiple point cloud data blocks obtained based on a preset rotation angle fed back by the line scanning device, and splicing the multiple point cloud data blocks according to the preset rotation angle to obtain the point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention provides a processing machine tool for special-shaped polyhedrons, including a line scanning device for acquiring point cloud data, which can significantly improve the cutting accuracy of the processing machine tool when processing special-shaped polyhedrons; the actual surface shape of the blank to be processed is line scanned by a precise linear device to capture the tiny details of the surface of the blank to be processed, thereby achieving more precise and accurate cutting; further, the setting of the line scanning device enhances the adaptability of the processing machine tool to complex shapes, so that the machine tool can more flexibly cope with various irregular shapes of the blank to be processed. For contour cutting with high complexity, it can ensure that the planned processing path is consistent with the running trajectory of the laser focus, thereby ensuring the processing quality and improving the yield rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a processing machine tool provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating mechanism and the water cooling assembly provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the results of the third linear module, cutting head, probe and line scanning device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 The present invention provides a logical flow chart of the processing method.

[0024] Explanation of the main component symbols: 11-base, 12-column, 21-first linear module, 211-first slider, 22-second linear module, 221-second slider, 3-rotation mechanism, 31-fixed seat, 311-avoidance hole, 32-driving member, 33-sunken swing arm, 331-stop block, 34-carrier plate, 35-rotation member, 36-clamp, 41-third linear module, 411-third slider, 5-laser mechanism, 51-cutting head, 52-optical path assembly, 53-probe, 54-first connecting seat, 55-second connecting seat, 6-line scanning device, 7-water cooling assembly, 81-dust collection pipe, 82-dust collection box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a machine tool and a method for processing a special-shaped polyhedron. To make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the term "top" etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention; in addition, the terms "installation", "connection" etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and for ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 3 The present invention provides a processing machine tool for a special-shaped polyhedron, comprising a frame, a control device, and a first adjustment mechanism, a rotating mechanism 3, a second adjustment mechanism, a laser mechanism 5 and a line scanning device 6 electrically connected to the control device respectively; the frame comprises a base 11 and a column 12 arranged on the base 11; the first adjustment mechanism is arranged on the base 11, and is used to adjust the position of the blank to be processed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; the rotating mechanism 3 is transmission-connected with the first adjustment mechanism, and is used to drive the blank to be processed to rotate around the A-axis and the C-axis, and the rotating mechanism 3 includes a fixture 36 for mounting the blank to be processed; the laser mechanism 5 is used to process the blank to be processed on the fixture 36, and the laser mechanism 5 includes a cutting head 51, and the second adjustment mechanism is arranged on the column 12, and is used to adjust the position of the cutting head 51 and the line scanning device 6 in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and the line scanning device 6 is used to obtain point cloud data of the blank to be processed.

[0028] The present application discloses a processing machine tool for special-shaped polyhedrons, including a line scanning device 6 for acquiring point cloud data, which can significantly improve the cutting accuracy of the processing machine tool when processing special-shaped polyhedrons; the actual surface shape of the blank to be processed is scanned by a precise linear device to capture the tiny details of the surface of the blank to be processed, thereby achieving more precise and accurate cutting; further, the setting of the line scanning device 6 enhances the adaptability of the processing machine tool to complex shapes, so that the machine tool can more flexibly cope with various irregular shapes of blanks to be processed, and for contour cutting with high complexity, it can ensure that the planned processing path is consistent with the running trajectory of the laser focus, thereby ensuring the processing quality and improving the yield rate; further, through the coordinated work of the control device and the linear scanning device, the cutting path of the cutting head 51 can be automatically optimized and adjusted, reducing the human intervention process, and effectively reducing the errors caused by factors such as the operator's technical level, experience differences or fatigue, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the cutting operation and ensuring the quality stability of the cut product and the consistency of the cutting effect.

[0029] In this embodiment, the control device may include a plurality of control chips, and the control chip may be a control chip of the STM32 series; the line scanning device 6 may be a CCD camera or a laser scanner.

[0030] In this embodiment, the A-axis direction mentioned refers to the axis around which the blank to be processed needs to swing, and needs to be set according to the actual processing requirements of the blank to be processed; the A-axis of this embodiment is Figure 1 Taking an example for illustration, the orientation of the driving member 32 is consistent with the orientation of the second linear module 22, so that the A-axis and the X-axis form parallel lines. Of course, this is only one of the settings. In other embodiments, the projections of the A-axis and the Y-axis can also be set to cross. It is not limited to the parallel setting of this embodiment. These equivalent deformations or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the technical solution created by the present invention.

[0031] In this embodiment, the C-axis direction refers to the axis around which the blank to be processed needs to rotate, and needs to be set according to the actual processing requirements of the blank to be processed; the C-axis of this embodiment is Figure 1 Taking an example for illustration, the orientation of the rotating member 35 is consistent with the orientation of the third linear module 41, so that the C-axis and the Z-axis form parallel lines. Of course, this is only one of the settings. In other embodiments, the C-axis and the Z-axis can also be set to be non-parallel. It is not limited to the parallel setting of this embodiment. These equivalent deformations or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the technical solution created by the present invention.

[0032] For further information, see Figure 1 and Figure 2The rotating mechanism 3 includes a fixed seat 31, a driving member 32, a sinking swing arm 33, a carrier plate 34 and a rotating member 35; the fixed seat 31 is transmission-connected with the output end of the first adjusting mechanism, and the driving member 32 is arranged on the fixed seat 31; the output end of the driving member 32 is transmission-connected with the sinking swing arm 33, and is used to rotate the blank to be processed along the A axis; the carrier plate 34 is arranged at the bottom of the sinking swing arm 33, and the rotating member 35 is arranged on the carrier plate 34, and its output end is transmission-connected with the clamp 36, and is used to drive the blank to be processed to rotate along the C axis.

[0033] In this embodiment, the driving member 32 is a motor, and the driving member 32 is bolted to the fixing seat 31 ; the rotating member 35 can be an existing turntable, and the carrier plate 34 is bolted to the sinking swing arm 33 .

[0034] In this embodiment, a sunken swing arm 33 is provided, and the connecting arm on the side of the swing arm is tilted downward, so that there is a gap between the upper surface of the carrier plate 34 and the rotation axis of the driving member 32, thereby avoiding interference problems when the blank to be processed moves, and improving the stability and reliability of the processing of the blank to be processed.

[0035] For further information, see Figure 2 Stop rods are respectively provided on both sides of the fixing seat 31, and a stop block 331 is provided on the top of the sinking swing arm 33. The stop rod cooperates with the stop block 331 to achieve rotation limiting of the sinking swing arm 33.

[0036] In this embodiment, connecting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the fixing seat 31, and the stop rod is bolted to the connecting holes; the stop block 331 is integrally formed with the sunken swing arm 33; by arranging the stop rod in conjunction with the stop block 331, the rotation limit of the sunken swing arm 33 is realized, so that the rotation range of the sunken swing arm 33 around the A axis is limited within ±120°, which can avoid interference problems in the processing machine tool during the cutting process of the blank to be processed, thereby improving the processing precision and accuracy of the processing machine tool for the blank to be processed.

[0037] For further information, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The rotating mechanism 3 also includes a water cooling component 7, which includes a cooling water jacket and a cooling channel arranged in the cooling water jacket; the cooling water jacket is arranged on the fixed seat 31 and covers the driving member 32, and the cooling channel is arranged around the driving member 32; a water inlet and a water outlet are opened on the cooling water jacket, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively connected to the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the cooling channel; avoidance holes 311 are respectively opened on both sides of the fixed seat 31, and the avoidance holes 311 are used to avoid water pipes.

[0038] In this embodiment, the water cooling component 7 is composed of a cooling water jacket and a cooling channel. The cooling water jacket is coated on the outer side of the driving member 32 to form a protective layer, which effectively isolates the influence of the external environment on the driving member 32, and also provides convenience for the arrangement of the cooling channel. The cooling channel is arranged around the driving member 32, and the cooling water circulation inside it can quickly take away the heat generated by the driving member 32 during operation, thereby keeping the driving member 32 working within an ideal temperature range and extending the service life of the driving member 32. The setting of the avoidance hole 311 not only provides space for the installation and layout of the water pipe, avoiding the conflict between the water pipe and the fixing seat 31, but also reduces the complexity of the installation process, making the installation and maintenance of the entire water cooling component 7 easier and faster.

[0039] For further information, see Figure 1 The first adjustment mechanism includes a first linear module 21 and a second linear module 22 electrically connected to the control device respectively, the first linear module 21 includes a first slider 211, and the second linear module 22 includes a second slider 221; the second linear module 22 is arranged on the first slider 211, and the first linear module 21 is used to adjust the position of the second linear module 22 in the Y direction; the fixed seat 31 is arranged on the second slider 221, and the second linear module 22 is used to adjust the position of the fixed seat 31 in the X direction.

[0040] In this embodiment, the linear module is the prior art; the linear module, also known as a linear module or a linear drive, is a precision mechanical device that can efficiently convert the rotational motion of a motor into linear motion; the linear module is usually composed of several parts: a guide rail, which provides a stable linear motion path for the module; a slider, which moves along the guide rail and carries the load; and a drive system, which usually includes a motor and components such as a ball screw or a belt, which is responsible for converting the rotational motion of the motor into the linear motion of the slider.

[0041] For further information, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The laser mechanism 5 also includes an optical path component 52 and a probe 53. The optical path component 52 is arranged on the top of the column 12, and the optical path component 52 is used to provide a laser beam for the cutting head 51; the probe 53 is transmission-connected to the second adjustment mechanism, and the probe 53 is used to confirm the actual working distance of the cutting head 51.

[0042] For further information, see Figure 1The second adjustment mechanism is a third linear module 41, and the third linear module 41 includes a third slider 411; the laser mechanism 5 also includes a first connecting seat 54 and a second connecting seat 55; the cutting head 51 is connected to the third slider 411 through the first connecting seat 54, and the probe 53 and the line scanning device 6 are connected to the third slider 411 through the second connecting seat 55; the third linear module 41 is electrically connected to the control device, and is used to adjust the positions of the cutting head 51, the probe 53 and the line scanning device 6 in the Z direction.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first connecting seat 54 and the second connecting seat 55 are respectively connected to the third sliding block 411 by bolts.

[0044] For further information, see Figure 1 The processing machine tool also includes a dust collecting mechanism, which is connected to the third slider 411. The dust collecting mechanism includes a dust collecting pipe 81, which is arranged on the other side of the cutting head 51 and is used to collect dust during laser processing.

[0045] In this embodiment, the dust collecting mechanism also includes a dust collecting box and a protective plate. The protective plate is arranged on the outer side of the third linear module 41. A negative pressure port is opened at one end of the protective plate. The negative pressure port is connected to the dust collecting pipe 81 through the dust collecting box. The dust collecting box is arranged on the front side of the protective plate, and a plurality of filtering devices are arranged in the dust collecting box.

[0046] In this embodiment, the dust collecting pipe 81 is arranged on one side of the cutting head 51, which can efficiently capture and collect dust and debris generated during the laser processing, help to keep the working area clean, and reduce potential hazards to the health of operators. The existence of the dust collecting pipe 81 can also promote the air flow in the surrounding environment during laser processing, effectively reduce the temperature during laser cutting, thereby reducing the heat affected zone and improving the cutting effect of the cutting head 51 on the workpiece to be processed; further, the negative pressure port at one end of the protective plate is connected to the dust collecting pipe 81 through the dust collecting box, which can improve the dust collection efficiency and ensure that the dust is smoothly sucked into the dust collecting box; a filtering device is installed inside the dust collecting box to effectively filter dust, reduce the possibility of dust entering the negative pressure device, and improve the stability and safety of the negative pressure device when it is working; further, the dust collecting box is detachably connected to the protective plate. After running for a period of time, the dust collecting box can be replaced separately to ensure the filtering effect of the dust collecting box on the air, reducing the maintenance difficulty and maintenance cost.

[0047] See also Figure 4 The present application also provides a method for processing a special-shaped polyhedron, which is implemented by any of the above-mentioned processing machines; the processing method comprises the steps of:

[0048] 100. Obtaining volume parameters of the blank to be processed, and obtaining point cloud data fed back by the line scanning device 6 based on the volume parameters of the blank to be processed;

[0049] Specifically, the steps include:

[0050] 101. Obtaining volume parameters of the blank to be processed, and comparing the volume parameters with a preset volume threshold;

[0051] 102. When the volume parameter is less than a preset volume threshold, obtaining point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed fed back by the line scanning device 6;

[0052] 103. When the volume parameter is greater than or equal to a preset volume threshold, multiple point cloud data blocks obtained based on a preset rotation angle and fed back by the line scanning device 6 are obtained, and the multiple point cloud data blocks are spliced ​​according to the preset rotation angle to obtain point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the volume parameter is less than a preset volume threshold, the position of the line scanning device 6 can directly obtain complete point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed, so no additional processing steps are required; when the volume parameter is greater than or equal to the preset volume threshold, the mounting table for fixing the fixture rod is rotated according to a preset rotation angle to adjust the relative surface between the blank to be processed and the line scanning device 6, thereby collecting multiple point cloud data blocks based on specific rotation angles, ensuring the comprehensiveness of the point cloud data and multi-angle coverage.

[0054] In this embodiment, in the process of realizing the splicing of multiple point cloud data blocks, each point cloud data block is firstly accurately transformed in coordinates according to a preset rotation angle to convert the multiple point cloud data blocks into a pre-constructed coordinate system, thereby ensuring that the relative positions of the multiple point cloud data blocks in space are accurate; and then based on the algorithm of rotation matrix and translation transformation, the preset angle sequential rotation of the point cloud data blocks is realized. Specifically, the corresponding rotation matrix is ​​applied to each point cloud data block to realize the preset rotation angle, and then the rotated point cloud data block is moved to the appropriate position using translation transformation to complete the splicing of multiple point cloud data blocks.

[0055] 200. Acquire reference line information on the blank to be processed, and align the point cloud data with the blank to be processed based on the reference line information to obtain alignment data;

[0056] Specifically, the steps include:

[0057] 201. Acquire reference line information on a blank to be processed, and generate a reference line point cloud based on the acquired reference line information;

[0058] In this embodiment, the reference line information is confirmed based on the real-time position image of the top fed back by the camera device, and the reference line information includes the starting point, focus and direction of the reference line. The distribution density of the point cloud is determined based on the reference line information, and point clouds are generated at equal distances on both sides of the reference line. The generated point clouds are filtered and smoothed to obtain the reference line point cloud.

[0059] 202. Perform denoising, filtering and sampling processing on the point cloud data in sequence to obtain pre-processed point cloud data;

[0060] In this embodiment, when processing point cloud data, denoising is first required to identify and remove abnormal and outlier points to ensure the quality and accuracy of the point cloud data; then, the denoised point cloud data is filtered using a Gaussian filter to smooth the point cloud data while retaining the main features of the point cloud data to further improve the quality of the denoised point cloud data; finally, a random sampling method is used to sample the filtered point cloud data to effectively reduce the number of data points while ensuring data representativeness, making the sampled point cloud data more suitable for storage and calculation.

[0061] 203. Use k-means algorithm and kd-tree search to confirm the overlapping area between the reference line point cloud and the pre-processed point cloud data, and use the centroid of the overlapping area as the initial point;

[0062] In this embodiment, by using the k-means algorithm and kd-tree search, the overlapping area between the reference line point cloud and the preprocessed point cloud data can be efficiently identified, which has the advantages of high matching accuracy and low calculation amount; specifically, the k-means algorithm can effectively divide the preprocessed point cloud data set into multiple clusters, and the kd-tree search can quickly locate the overlapping area, thereby achieving accurate matching.

[0063] 204. Find the point closest to the initial point from the pre-processed point cloud data to form a preliminary point pair, and calculate the transformation matrix corresponding to the preliminary point pair;

[0064] In this embodiment, the centroid of the overlapping area is used as the initial point, and the corresponding preliminary point pair and transformation matrix are generated, which helps to reduce the error accumulation in the alignment process and improve the accuracy of the final alignment result.

[0065] 205. Based on a preset number of iterations and a preset convergence threshold, apply the transformation matrix to iteratively align the pre-processed point cloud data to obtain aligned data;

[0066] In this embodiment, during the iterative alignment process, the maximum number of iterations and the convergence threshold are pre-set; the maximum number of iterations is to prevent the algorithm from falling into an infinite loop, and the convergence threshold is used to determine whether the alignment process has achieved the expected accuracy; in each iteration, the transformation matrix will be applied to the current point cloud data, and through calculation and comparison, it is evaluated whether the alignment accuracy meets the threshold requirement; if the alignment accuracy does not reach the convergence threshold, the next round of iterations will continue until the convergence conditions are met, and the convergence conditions include reaching the maximum number of iterations or meeting the convergence threshold; each round of iteration may fine-tune the transformation matrix to ensure that the final alignment data is both accurate and stable.

[0067] 300. Obtain finished product effect drawings and related parameters of the finished product, and confirm the point cloud data to be cut for each facet based on the related parameters of the finished product and the alignment data;

[0068] Specifically, the steps include:

[0069] 301. Obtaining a finished product effect drawing and finished product related parameters, wherein the finished product effect drawing is a finished product three-dimensional model, and the finished product related parameters include blank characteristics, girdle diameter, pavilion angle, crown angle, pavilion height, girdle height, and crown height;

[0070] In this embodiment, the finished product related parameters also include the C-axis rotation speed, which determines the speed of the diamond rotation during the laser cutting process; a higher rotation speed can improve production efficiency, but may also lead to a decrease in cutting quality because the laser beam spends less time on the material; conversely, a lower rotation speed can ensure better cutting quality but will reduce production efficiency.

[0071] 302. Confirm the point cloud data to be cut of each facet according to the relevant parameters of the finished product and the alignment data, and generate the facet parameters according to the relevant parameters of the finished product and the point cloud data to be cut, wherein the facet parameters include pavilion facet parameter data and crown facet parameter data; the pavilion facet parameter data include pavilion cutting sequence, pavilion cutting speed, pavilion angle, pavilion Z-direction layer height and the amount to be cut of each facet of the pavilion; the crown facet parameter data include crown cutting sequence, crown cutting speed, crown angle, crown Z-direction layer height and the amount to be cut of each facet of the crown;

[0072] In this embodiment, the cutting operation speed refers to the moving speed of the laser beam during the cutting process. A faster cutting speed can improve production efficiency, but may also lead to a decrease in cutting quality, because the heating and cooling process of the laser beam on the material may not be sufficient. A slower cutting speed can ensure better cutting quality, but will reduce production efficiency. The pavilion cutting speed is generated according to the material of the blank, the power of the laser and the surface quality requirements of the finished product. The pavilion angle corresponds to the pavilion angle in the parameters related to the finished product. The Z-direction layer height of the pavilion is related to the pavilion height and the cutting accuracy requirements. The Z-direction layer height refers to the distance that the laser beam moves each time along the Z-axis direction during the cutting process. A smaller layer height can improve cutting accuracy, but will increase the total cutting time. Although a larger layer height can reduce the cutting time, it may reduce the cutting quality. Furthermore, the amount to be cut of each facet of the pavilion is determined according to the shape and size of the blank to be processed, that is, according to the point cloud data to be cut of each facet, and the shape, size and weight of the finished product in the parameters related to the finished product.

[0073] In this embodiment, the crown cutting speed is generated according to the material of the blank, the power of the laser and the surface quality requirements of the finished product; the crown angle corresponds to the crown angle in the finished product related parameters; the crown Z-axis layering height is related to the crown height and the cutting accuracy requirements; further, the amount of cutting of each facet of the crown is determined according to the shape and size of the blank to be processed, that is, according to the point cloud data of each facet to be cut, as well as the shape, size and weight of the finished product in the finished product related parameters.

[0074] Furthermore, when the rough material to be processed is a diamond rough material, the finished product related parameters also include waist diameter and waist height. After the pavilion processing of the rough material to be processed is completed, the waist of the rough material to be processed is processed based on the waist diameter and waist height.

[0075] 400. Confirm the cutting surface corresponding to the facet according to the cut point cloud data of each facet and the finished product effect drawing, and generate a cutting path corresponding to the cutting surface; select any facet from the finished product effect drawing as an initial processing facet, and process the initial processing facet according to the cutting path corresponding to the initial processing facet;

[0076] Specifically, the steps include:

[0077] 401. Confirm the cutting surface corresponding to the facet according to the point cloud data to be cut of each facet and the finished product effect drawing;

[0078] In this embodiment, the finished product effect drawing depicts the appearance and size of the final product, including the specific shape and position of each facet. According to the specific shape and position of each facet, the initial cutting surface can be confirmed, and then the cutting boundary of the initial cutting surface is adjusted according to the point cloud data to be cut to obtain the cutting surface corresponding to the facet. By limiting the cutting boundary of the cutting surface by the point cloud data to be cut, the cutting loss can be reduced and the production cost can be optimized.

[0079] 402. Select any facet from the finished product effect drawing as an initial processing facet;

[0080] 403. When the selected initial processing facet is located at the pavilion, in the cutting surface corresponding to the initial processing facet, a first initial path is generated along the direction from the pavilion to the crown, any end point of the first initial path is used as the initial processing point of the pavilion, the other end point of the first initial path is connected, a first residual path is generated in an arc-shaped manner, and the first initial path and the first residual path are integrated to obtain a cutting path corresponding to the cutting surface;

[0081] 404. When the selected initial processing facet is located at the crown, in the cutting surface corresponding to the initial processing facet, a second initial path is generated along the direction from the crown to the pavilion, any end point of the second initial path is used as the initial processing point of the crown, the other end point of the second initial path is connected, a second residual path is generated in an arc-shaped manner, and the second initial path and the second residual path are integrated to obtain a cutting path corresponding to the cutting surface;

[0082] In this embodiment, after the cutting of the initial processing facet of the pavilion or the cutting of the initial processing facet of the crown is completed, the cutting path of the next facet is generated. The next facet is a facet adjacent to the initial processing facet, and the generation method of its cutting path is consistent with the generation method of the cutting path of the initial processing facet.

[0083] In this embodiment, processing software can be used to draw a first initial path and a second initial path, wherein the first initial path and the second initial path are straight lines, and then a first residual path and a second residual path are generated along the bow-shaped path, and the integrated cutting path is in the shape of a bow as a whole; finally, the cutting path is further optimized through an optimization tool to reduce empty strokes, avoid sharp turns or repeated processing, and achieve the purpose of reducing processing time and improving processing efficiency.

[0084] 600. After the initial processing of the facets is completed, adjacent facets are processed one by one along a preset direction based on a cutting path corresponding to the facets.

[0085] In this embodiment, the preset direction can be in a clockwise direction or in a counterclockwise direction; the generated cutting path starts cutting from the side of the facet, which can further avoid laser interference problems between the processed surface and the surface to be processed, thereby improving the surface quality of the finished product.

[0086] Furthermore, before obtaining the volume parameters of the blank to be processed, that is, before step 100, the following steps are also included:

[0087] 001. Based on the preset moving speed and moving path of the probe 53, the probe 53 is controlled to move to the top of the fixture bar, where the fixture bar is used to install the blank to be processed;

[0088] In this embodiment, the probe 53 can be moved precisely in the Z-axis direction, and its position can be accurately read by the control system.

[0089] 002. Based on the preset descending speed of the probe 53, the probe 53 is controlled to move downward to contact the fixture rod. When the probe 53 feeds back a contact signal, the position of the probe 53 is recorded and recorded as the Z-axis reference point;

[0090] In this embodiment, the probe 53 descends relatively slowly to ensure that the position it contacts is the highest point on the surface of the fixture rod.

[0091] 003. Obtain the position information and processing requirements of the laser cutting head 51, and confirm the actual working distance of the laser cutting head 51 according to the Z-axis reference point, the position information and processing requirements of the laser cutting head 51.

[0092] In this embodiment, the position information of the laser cutting head 51 is the relative position of the cutting head 51 in the machine coordinate system; the actual working distance is the distance between the cutting head 51 and the surface of the blank, and the actual working distance = required processing depth + safety distance, wherein the required processing depth is the depth that the laser beam needs to penetrate the material, and the safety distance is an additional distance set to ensure that the laser beam does not directly contact the cutting head 51 or other parts of the machine. The required processing depth and safety distance are confirmed by the processing requirements.

[0093] In this embodiment, a processing machine tool is used to implement polyhedron cutting. The processing machine tool includes a jig rod, and the blank to be processed is clamped on the jig rod; before processing the blank to be processed, the jig rod is first placed on the fixture 36 of the machine tool spindle, and the probe 53 is controlled to first detect the highest point of the jig rod, and after obtaining the z-axis data, the jig rod is removed; when multiple blanks to be processed are processed multiple times in the subsequent processing, there is no need to repeatedly use the probe 53 to detect the z-axis data, that is, there is no need to repeat steps 001 to 003, because there is a positioning block on the jig rod, and each time it is installed, the installation height can be ensured to be consistent, that is, the Z-axis data can be ensured to remain unchanged; the actual working distance of the laser cutting head 51 is adjusted according to the Z-axis data of the jig rod to ensure that the cutting head 51 has the cutting ability, that is, to ensure the normal progress of the cutting task.

[0094] For the blank to be processed, in the processing process of one embodiment, it can be fixed on the jig rod in accordance with the principle of the pavilion facing upward and the crown facing downward, that is, the pre-processed horizontal surface on the crown is used as the bonding surface; since the bonding position is located at the crown, any part of the pavilion or the waist can be processed first, and then the crown can be further processed to ensure that during the cutting process, the blank to be processed is effectively fixed on the jig rod to avoid displacement of the blank to be processed and affect the cutting effect of the blank to be processed; specifically, the blank to be processed is first pre-bonded to the jig rod, and the pre-bonded blank is basically perpendicular to the horizontal ground; then the real-time position image of the blank to be processed is obtained, and the blank is adjusted to a horizontal and coaxial state according to the real-time position image, and then glue is used to reinforce the bonding position between the blank to be processed and the jig rod, that is, the preset position requirement is perpendicular and coaxial to the horizontal ground.

[0095] 004. Acquire a real-time position image of the top fed back by a camera located directly above the blank to be processed, and acquire a real-time position image of the side fed back by a camera located on the side of the blank to be processed;

[0096] In this embodiment, reference lines are pre-engraved on the blank to be processed, and the image captured by the camera device needs to ensure that the reference lines on the blank to be processed are clearly visible.

[0097] 005. According to the real-time position image of the top, analyze whether the reference line on the blank to be processed is horizontal. If it is not horizontal, calculate the angle and direction of inclination and generate a horizontal adjustment plan;

[0098] In this embodiment, when the reference line is not horizontal, that is, when the reference line is tilted relative to the image boundary, the angle of the tilt is calculated using trigonometric functions, and the direction of the tilt is determined using a direction indicator. Based on the measured tilt angle and direction, a horizontal adjustment instruction is generated. The horizontal adjustment instruction is used to adjust the tilt device of the machine tool or adjust the angle of the fixture 36 to rotate the blank or translate the blank to be processed.

[0099] 203. Analyze whether the reference line on the blank to be processed is aligned with the central axis of the blank to be processed according to the real-time position image of the side. If not, calculate the offset and generate a coaxial adjustment plan.

[0100] In this embodiment, when the reference line is not aligned with the center axis of the blank to be processed, that is, when the reference line is not coaxial with the center axis of the blank to be processed, a laser measuring instrument is used to calculate the offset and the offset direction. When there are offsets in multiple directions, the total offset is calculated based on vector operations, and a coaxial adjustment instruction is generated according to the calculated offset. The coaxial adjustment instruction is used to adjust the machine tool worktable or adjust the working state of the mobile fixture 36 to achieve the purpose of correcting the offset.

[0101] 006. According to the generated horizontal adjustment plan and coaxial adjustment plan, the workpiece to be processed is positioned and fixed.

[0102] The present application discloses a processing method for a special-shaped polyhedron, which is used to realize laser processing of the special-shaped polyhedron. Since the shape of the special-shaped polyhedron is irregular, it is difficult to directly obtain its three-dimensional shape information by traditional methods. The point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed is obtained by a line scanning device 6. The point cloud data can provide multi-angle and high-density surface information, which can improve the accuracy and reliability of the subsequently generated cutting path, so as to improve the processing accuracy of the special-shaped polyhedron; further, by generating the point cloud data to be cut, and generating the cutting surface and the corresponding cutting path based on the point cloud data to be cut, the precise processing of the facets can be realized, the cutting efficiency can be reduced, and the loss in the cutting process can be reduced, thereby optimizing the cost-effectiveness; further, starting from the initial processing facet, the adjacent facets are processed one by one along the preset direction. By adopting this processing method, the problem of laser interference between the processed surface and the surface to be processed can be effectively avoided, and the laser beam can be ensured to act on the surface to be processed in a stable and predictable manner, thereby improving the processing accuracy, and reducing errors such as spot drift and shape distortion, so that the processing result is closer to the expected value.

[0103] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool for processing special-shaped polyhedrons, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a control device, and a first adjustment mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a second adjustment mechanism, a laser mechanism and a line scanning device electrically connected to the control device respectively; the frame includes a base and a column arranged on the base; the first adjustment mechanism is arranged on the base, and is used to adjust the position of the blank to be processed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; the rotating mechanism is transmission-connected with the first adjustment mechanism, and is used to drive the blank to be processed to rotate around the A-axis and the C-axis, and the rotating mechanism includes a fixture for mounting the blank to be processed; the laser mechanism is used to process the blank to be processed on the fixture, and the laser mechanism includes a cutting head, and the second adjustment mechanism is arranged on the column, and is used to adjust the position of the cutting head and the line scanning device in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and the line scanning device is used to obtain point cloud data of the blank to be processed.

2. The machine tool for processing special-shaped polyhedrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism includes a fixed seat, a driving member, a sunken swing arm, a carrier plate and a rotating member; the fixed seat is transmission connected to the output end of the first adjustment mechanism, and the driving member is arranged on the fixed seat; the output end of the driving member is transmission connected to the sunken swing arm, and is used to rotate the blank to be processed along the A axis; the carrier plate is arranged at the bottom of the sunken swing arm, and the rotating member is arranged on the carrier plate, and its output end is transmission connected to the clamp, and is used to drive the blank to be processed to rotate along the C axis.

3. The machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 2, characterized in that: Stop rods are respectively arranged on both sides of the fixing seat, and a stop block is arranged on the top of the sinking swing arm. The stop rod cooperates with the stop block to realize the rotation limit of the sinking swing arm.

4. The machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism also includes a water cooling component, which includes a cooling water jacket and a cooling channel arranged in the cooling water jacket; the cooling water jacket is arranged on the fixed seat and covers the driving member, and the cooling channel is arranged around the driving member; a water inlet and a water outlet are opened on the cooling water jacket, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively connected to the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the cooling channel; avoidance holes are respectively opened on both sides of the fixed seat, and the avoidance holes are used to avoid water pipes.

5. The machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first adjustment mechanism includes a first linear module and a second linear module electrically connected to the control device respectively, the first linear module includes a first slider, and the second linear module includes a second slider; the second linear module is arranged on the first slider, and the first linear module is used to adjust the position of the second linear module in the Y direction; the fixed seat is arranged on the second slider, and the second linear module is used to adjust the position of the fixed seat in the X direction.

6. The machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser mechanism also includes an optical path component and a probe. The optical path component is arranged on the top of the column and is used to provide a laser beam for the cutting head. The probe is transmission-connected to the second adjustment mechanism and is used to confirm the actual working distance of the cutting head.

7. The machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second adjustment mechanism is a third linear module, which includes a third slider; the laser mechanism also includes a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat; the cutting head is connected to the third slider via the first connecting seat, and the probe and the line scanning device are connected to the third slider via the second connecting seat; the third linear module is electrically connected to the control device, and is used to adjust the position of the cutting head, the probe and the line scanning device in the Z direction.

8. The machine tool for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a dust collecting mechanism, which is connected to the third slider. The dust collecting mechanism includes a dust collecting pipe, which is arranged on the other side of the cutting head and is used to collect dust during the laser processing.

9. A method for processing a special-shaped polyhedron, characterized in that: The processing method is implemented by a processing machine tool as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the processing method comprises the steps of: Acquire volume parameters of the blank to be processed, and acquire point cloud data fed back by the line scanning device based on the volume parameters of the blank to be processed; Acquire reference line information on the blank to be processed, and based on the reference line information, realize alignment between the point cloud data and the blank to be processed to obtain alignment data; Obtain finished product effect drawings and related parameters of the finished product, and confirm the point cloud data to be cut for each facet based on the related parameters of the finished product and alignment data; According to the cut point cloud data of each facet and the finished product effect drawing, the cutting surface corresponding to the facet is confirmed, and the cutting path corresponding to the cutting surface is generated; from the finished product effect drawing, any facet is selected as the initial processing facet, and the initial processing facet is processed according to the cutting path corresponding to the initial processing facet; After the initial processing of the facets is completed, adjacent facets are processed one by one along a preset direction based on a cutting path corresponding to the facets.

10. A method for processing a special-shaped polyhedron according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the volume parameters of the blank to be processed and obtaining the point cloud data fed back by the line scanning device based on the volume parameters of the blank to be processed specifically includes: Obtaining volume parameters of the blank to be processed, and comparing the volume parameters with a preset volume threshold; When the volume parameter is less than a preset volume threshold, point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed and fed back by the line scanning device is obtained; When the volume parameter is greater than or equal to a preset volume threshold, multiple point cloud data blocks obtained based on a preset rotation angle and fed back by the line scanning device are obtained, and the multiple point cloud data blocks are spliced ​​according to the preset rotation angle to obtain point cloud data corresponding to the blank to be processed.

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