Mine blasting construction lumpiness control method, system, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine blasting construction, in particular to a lumpiness control method, system and equipment for mine blasting construction and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining an initial blocking length based on early-stage trial explosion data, then forming an axial non-coupling structure by arranging a plurality of sections of PVC interval air columns with different lengths, loading explosive cartridges with different diameters to form a radial non-coupling structure, and finally, performing quantitative analysis and parameter optimization by utilizing lumpiness analysis software. Through the synergistic effect of the double uncoupled structures, quantitative analysis and parameter optimization, blasting energy distribution can be more effectively controlled, and an ideal lumpiness control effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine blasting construction, and in particular to a method, system, equipment and medium for controlling block size in mine blasting construction. Background Art

[0002] In modern mining, the control of the size of blasting construction directly affects the efficiency and cost of subsequent production links. Reasonable size can not only reduce the secondary breaking operation and improve the efficiency of excavation and loading, but also reduce the maintenance cost and failure rate of the crusher, which has an important impact on the economic benefits of the entire mining system.

[0003] At present, the mainstream methods of particle size control mainly rely on electronic detonator segmented detonation technology, intelligent charging vehicle precise charging system and computer-aided design software to optimize hole network parameters. These technologies achieve particle size control by adjusting the detonation sequence, optimizing the charging structure and changing the hole network parameters. However, the existing technology relies too much on reducing the hole network parameters and increasing the charge amount to control the particle size. This method not only greatly increases the blasting cost, but also easily causes safety hazards such as flying rocks and excessive vibration. This situation needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the existing problem of over-reliance on reducing mesh parameters and increasing charge amount to control block size, the present application provides a method, system, equipment and medium for controlling block size in mine blasting construction, which adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling the block size of a mine blasting construction, comprising the following steps: Determine the initial plugging length based on the hole network parameters constructed during the previous test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area; A plurality of PVC spacer air columns with different lengths are arranged in the blasthole, and the PVC spacer air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blasthole to form a charge axis uncoupled structure; At least two explosive rolls with different diameters are sequentially loaded into the blasthole at different positions along the axial direction to form a radially uncoupled charge structure; The fragmentation after blasting is quantitatively analyzed and a data model is established through fragmentation analysis software to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blockage length.

[0005] By adopting the above technical scheme, in order to solve the problems of uneven block size, high large block rate and excessive powder ore rate in mine blasting, the traditional blasting method only controls the block size by adjusting the hole network parameters and unit consumption, but this method often leads to increased blasting costs and unsatisfactory results; the application first determines the initial blockage length based on the previous test blasting data, and then forms an axially uncoupled structure by setting multiple sections of PVC spaced air columns of different lengths, and loads explosive rolls of different diameters to form a radially uncoupled structure, and finally uses block size analysis software for quantitative analysis and parameter optimization; through the synergistic effect of the dual uncoupled structure as well as quantitative analysis and parameter optimization, it is possible to more effectively control the blasting energy distribution and achieve an ideal block size control effect.

[0006] Optionally, the length of the PVC spacer air column is set according to rock characteristics and target block size requirements to adjust the axial transfer characteristics of the explosion energy, specifically including the following steps: According to rock characteristics and target block size requirements, determine the minimum air layer ratio threshold and maximum air layer ratio threshold of the air layer ratio, as well as the minimum length requirement of the bottom reinforcement column; According to the arrangement structure of the upper uncoupled charge column, the PVC spaced air column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforced charge column in the blast hole, the length of the PVC spaced air column is determined by using the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), wherein La is the air space length, and Le is the total charge length, which includes the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforced charge column; The ratio of the air layer to the total length of the charge is controlled to be between the minimum air layer ratio threshold and the maximum air layer ratio threshold, while ensuring that the position of the PVC spacer air column makes the length of the bottom reinforced charge column not less than the minimum length requirement.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present application establishes a quantitative relationship between the air gap length and the total length of the charge, and sets a reasonable ratio threshold range in combination with the rock characteristics; first, the upper and lower limit thresholds of the air layer ratio are determined according to the rock characteristics, and then according to the structural arrangement of "upper charge-air gap-lower charge-bottom reinforcement", the gap length is accurately calculated through the air layer ratio formula, while considering the bottom reinforcement requirements; through quantitative calculation, the matching of the air gap structure and the rock characteristics is ensured, and the accuracy of blasting energy regulation can be achieved.

[0008] Optionally, the explosive rolls of different diameters include two or three different diameter specifications, wherein large-diameter explosive rolls are used in the main crushing area, and small-diameter explosive rolls are used in the transition zone.

[0009] By adopting the above technical scheme, the problem that a single diameter explosive roll in traditional blasting cannot accurately control the energy for different crushing areas is solved. The conventional charging structure uses explosive rolls of uniform specifications, which may lead to insufficient energy in the main crushing area and excess energy in the transition zone. The present application realizes regional regulation of blasting energy by reasonably configuring two or three explosive rolls of different diameters in the same blasthole. Large-diameter explosive rolls are used in the main crushing area to provide sufficient crushing energy, and small-diameter explosive rolls are used in the transition zone to achieve flexible energy control, which not only ensures the crushing effect in the main crushing area, but also avoids excessive crushing in the transition zone.

[0010] Optionally, the fragmentation after blasting is quantitatively analyzed by fragmentation analysis software and a data model is established to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blocking length, which specifically includes the following steps: Photographing the surface of the explosive pile to obtain an image of the surface of the explosive pile; The surface image of the blast pile is processed using block size analysis software, and the distribution of large blocks is obtained based on the processing results; According to the distribution of the large pieces, the control variable method is used to test the effects of different axial uncoupling degrees, radial uncoupling degrees and blocking lengths on the size of the large pieces. Determine the optimal parameter combination based on the test results and preset control objectives.

[0011] By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present application firstly collects images of the blast pile surface through standardized photography, then uses professional software to analyze the fragmentation distribution, and then uses the control variable method to test the influence of three key parameters, namely axial uncoupling degree, radial uncoupling degree and blockage length, on the fragmentation. Finally, the optimal parameter combination is determined based on the preset goals to achieve accurate optimization and control of the blasting parameters.

[0012] Optionally, photographing the surface of the explosive pile to obtain an image of the explosive pile surface specifically includes the following steps: After the post-blasting inspection is completed and the blast pile is stable, multiple evenly distributed image acquisition points are arranged on the surface of the blast pile; Place two standard test balls with the same diameter at each image acquisition point, and adjust the distance between the two standard test balls to be larger than the preset distance; Clear a certain range of acquisition area around the standard test ball at each image acquisition point to ensure that the surface of the explosive pile in the acquisition area is completely exposed; Each acquisition area is photographed vertically to obtain an image of the surface of the blast pile containing the standard test balls.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application first arranges a plurality of evenly distributed collection points on the surface of the blast pile, then places two standard test balls with a fixed interval at each collection point as a scale reference, then cleans the collection area to ensure that the surface of the blast pile is fully exposed, and finally uses vertical shooting to obtain standardized images, thereby providing a reliable data basis for subsequent block size analysis.

[0014] Optionally, the preset control target includes: After controlled blasting, the average ore size is lower than the average size threshold, and the large block rate is lower than the large block rate threshold; Control the blasting block uniformity coefficient to be higher than the uniformity threshold, and the blasting powder ore rate to be lower than the powder ore rate threshold; While keeping the set explosive consumption unchanged, the particle size control is achieved by adjusting the charging structure.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present application simultaneously sets the control thresholds of the four key indicators of average lump size, large lump rate, uniformity coefficient and powder ore rate, and realizes the balanced control of multiple indicators by optimizing the charging structure while keeping the unit consumption of explosives unchanged; in specific implementation, the average lump size and large lump rate are controlled below the threshold, while ensuring that the lump size uniformity coefficient is higher than the threshold and the powder ore rate is lower than the threshold, and the coordinated optimization of various indicators is achieved by adjusting the charging structure rather than simply changing the amount of explosives.

[0016] Optionally, the adjusting the charge structure comprises the following steps: While keeping the mesh parameters unchanged, adjust the initial blocking length; Adjust the length of the PVC spacer air column and its distribution position in the blast hole to optimize the uncoupled structure of the charge axis; Adjust the combination of explosive rolls of different diameters and their loading positions in the blasthole to optimize the radial uncoupled structure of the charge.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the existing technology often controls the blasting effect by adjusting the spacing or row spacing of blastholes. This method not only increases the difficulty of construction, but may also bring about chain problems such as step quality control. Under the premise of maintaining the stability of the hole network parameters, the present application first optimizes the initial blocking length, and then optimizes the axial energy distribution by adjusting the length and position of the PVC interval air column. Finally, according to the crushing needs of different areas, different diameters of explosive rolls are reasonably matched to achieve precise control of radial energy.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a mine blasting construction block control system, comprising: The initial blocking length determination module is used to determine the initial blocking length based on the hole network parameters constructed during the early test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area; A charge axis uncoupled structure determination module is used to set a plurality of PVC spaced air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, wherein the PVC spaced air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole to form a charge axis uncoupled structure; A charge radial uncoupled structure determination module is used to sequentially load at least two explosive rolls with different diameters at different positions along the axial direction in the blasthole to form a charge radial uncoupled structure; The module for determining the best combination parameters is used to quantitatively analyze the fragmentation after blasting through fragmentation analysis software and establish a data model, so as to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blocking length.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for controlling the block size of mining blasting construction when executing the computer program.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for controlling the block size of mining blasting construction are implemented.

[0021] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present application first determines the initial blocking length based on the previous test explosion data, then forms an axial uncoupled structure by setting multiple sections of PVC spacer air columns of different lengths, and loads explosive rolls of different diameters to form a radial uncoupled structure, and finally uses the block size analysis software for quantitative analysis and parameter optimization; through the synergistic effect of the double uncoupled structure, quantitative analysis and parameter optimization, the blasting energy distribution can be more effectively controlled to achieve an ideal block size control effect; 2. This application establishes a quantitative relationship between the air gap length and the total length of the charge, and sets a reasonable ratio threshold range in combination with rock characteristics; first, the upper and lower limit thresholds of the air layer ratio are determined according to the rock characteristics, and then the interval length is accurately calculated through the air layer ratio formula according to the structural arrangement of "upper charge-air gap-lower charge-bottom reinforcement", while considering the bottom reinforcement requirements; through quantitative calculation, the matching of the air gap structure and the rock characteristics is ensured, and the accuracy of blasting energy regulation can be achieved; 3. This application first conducts standardized photography to collect images of the blast pile surface, then uses professional software to analyze the fragmentation distribution, and then uses the control variable method to test the effects of three key parameters, namely axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blockage length, on the fragmentation. Finally, the optimal parameter combination is determined based on the preset goals to achieve accurate optimization and control of the blasting parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for controlling block size in mine blasting construction according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a process of setting a PVC spacer air column in a method for controlling block size in a mine blasting construction according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a segmented interval charging structure in a method for controlling the block size of a mine blasting construction according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a flowchart of step S140 in a method for controlling block size of mine blasting construction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a diagram of software analysis of a blast pile surface image in a method for controlling block size in mine blasting construction according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a diagram of the distribution of blast pile blockiness of a blast pile surface image in a method for controlling blockiness of mine blasting construction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a flowchart of step S430 in a method for controlling block size of mine blasting construction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a flowchart of step S440 in a method for controlling block size of mine blasting construction in an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 It is a flow chart of step S443 in a method for controlling block size of mine blasting construction in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.10 This is a module schematic diagram of a mine blasting construction block control system according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig.11 It is a diagram of the internal structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be used as limitations to the present application. As used in the specification and appended claims of the present application, the singular expressions "one", "a kind of", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include plural expressions, unless there is a clear indication to the contrary in the context. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present application refers to any or all possible combinations comprising one or more listed items.

[0024] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as suggesting or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0025] The embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification.

[0026] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling the block size of a mine blasting construction, referring to Figure 1 , including the following steps: S110. Determine the initial plugging length based on the hole network parameters constructed during the previous test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area.

[0027] Among them, in this embodiment, for granite blasting construction, the initial plugging length refers to the distance from the blasthole mouth to the top surface of the first section of charge, which directly affects the utilization efficiency of blasting energy and the effect of flying rock control. The selection of the initial plugging length needs to comprehensively consider factors such as rock properties, blasthole diameter and charge structure, and the reasonable range is usually determined by multiples of the blasthole diameter.

[0028] S120. Multiple sections of PVC spacer air columns with different lengths are arranged in the blasthole. The PVC spacer air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blasthole to form an uncoupled structure of the charge axis.

[0029] Among them, the essence of the charge interval charging technology is to change the contact relationship between the charge column and the blast hole to reduce the initial pressure of the compression stress wave and the detonation gas product acting on the blast hole; the PVC interval air column is an important structure for adjusting the charge density and blasting energy distribution. By setting air intervals of different lengths between the charge columns, an axial energy gradient can be formed to improve the efficiency of blasting energy utilization. The axis uncoupled structure refers to the characteristic of the charge column being discontinuously distributed in the axial direction.

[0030] S130, at least two kinds of explosive rolls with different diameters are sequentially loaded into the blast hole at different positions along the axial direction to form a radially uncoupled charge structure.

[0031] The radial uncoupled structure refers to a charging method that forms radial gaps and energy gradients by using explosive rolls of different diameters in the same blasthole. This structure can adjust the distribution of blasting energy in the radial direction and help improve the fragmentation effect.

[0032] S140. Use the fragmentation analysis software to quantitatively analyze the fragmentation after blasting and establish a data model to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blocking length.

[0033] Among them, fragmentation analysis is an important means to evaluate blasting effects. By processing and analyzing the blasting pile images, the fragmentation distribution characteristics and the influence of various parameters can be obtained.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, Split-Desktop software is used to analyze the surface image of the blast pile to obtain key indicators such as average block size and large block rate. Through multiple blasting tests, the block size distribution under different parameter combinations is tested respectively.

[0035] In this embodiment, through continuous experiments and data analysis, the following blasting parameter combination is adopted according to the characteristics of the Yinkeng mining area: step height 15m, super depth 1.5m, blasthole depth 16.5m, borehole diameter 115mm, charge structure adopts 90,70 charge column ratio, borehole inclination 90 degrees, chassis resistance line 3.5m, hole spacing 6m. Its characteristic parameters are: row spacing 3.0m, single hole charge 88kg (adjustable), explosive density 0.31-0.33 kg / m³, and filling length 3.2m. At the same time, a three-stage air interval charge structure is adopted, with a 2.5m PVC spacer column. The positions of the three air intervals are respectively located at 6.5m, 8.5m and 7.5m from the bottom of the hole and can be adjusted according to actual conditions. This combination fully considers the lithological characteristics and actual mining needs of the Yinkeng mining area. For the Taoyuan mining area, after Split-Desktop software analysis and multiple blasting tests, the optimal blasting parameter combination was finally determined: while keeping the basic parameters such as step height 15m, super depth 1.5m, blasthole depth 16.5m, borehole diameter 115mm, charge structure 90,70 charge column ratio, borehole inclination 90 degrees, chassis resistance line 3.5m, and hole spacing 6m unchanged, its characteristic parameters are: row spacing 3.0-3.2m, single hole charge 82-84kg (adjustable), explosive density 0.29-0.31 kg / m³, and filling length 3.0m. The same three-stage air interval charge structure is used, with a 2.5m PVC spacer column. The three-stage air interval positions are 6.5m, 8.5m and 7.5m from the bottom of the hole and are adjustable. This set of parameter combinations fully adapts to the actual geological conditions and mining requirements of the Taoyuan mining area.

[0036] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 The length of the PVC spacer air column is set according to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements to adjust the axial transmission characteristics of the explosion energy, which specifically includes the following steps: S210. According to rock characteristics and target block size requirements, determine the minimum air layer ratio threshold and the maximum air layer ratio threshold of the air layer ratio, as well as the minimum length requirement of the bottom reinforcement column.

[0037] Among them, the air layer ratio refers to the ratio of the total length of the PVC interval air column to the total length of the charge, which directly determines the axial distribution characteristics of the blasting energy. The threshold setting of the air layer ratio needs to comprehensively consider the compressive strength of the rock, the degree of joint development, and the target block size distribution requirements. The bottom reinforcement column is a continuous charge section set to ensure the bottom hole crushing effect.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, taking a granite mining area as an example, the rock compressive strength is 140MPa, and the degree of joint development is medium. Through experimental analysis, it is determined that the minimum threshold of the air layer ratio is 15%, the maximum threshold is 25%, and the minimum length requirement of the bottom reinforcement column is 1.2m. When the air layer ratio is lower than 15%, the blasting energy concentration is too high, and it is easy to produce over-fragmentation; when it is higher than 25%, the energy transfer is insufficient, and it is easy to produce large pieces.

[0039] S220. Determine the length of the PVC spacer air column in the borehole according to the arrangement of the upper uncoupled charge column, the PVC spacer air column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforcement column.

[0040] Among them, the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le) is used to determine the length of the PVC interval air column, where La is the air interval length and Le is the total charge length. The total charge length includes the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforcement column.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, in combination with technical feasibility and economic benefits, a segmented interval charging structure is adopted, and the charge is divided into two sections, upper and lower, to improve the center of gravity of the charge in the blasthole. During operation, first, 90mm emulsion explosive is used to implement reinforced charging within 2.0m of the bottom of the hole, and the explosive roll is split and hoisted into the bottom of the hole with a sling to achieve coupled charging; then the detonator package is placed at the bottom 1.0m, and the detonator energy-gathering hole faces the hole mouth to achieve reverse detonation; the rest of the lower charging section adopts the whole charge roll direct hoisting method to achieve uncoupled charging; a PVC air spacer column is set between the upper and lower charging sections; the upper section of the charge also adopts the uncoupled charging method, and the charge roll is hoisted into the blasthole with a sling. The length of the PVC interval air column is calculated and determined by the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), where the total charge length Le is the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforced column. To ensure the reliability of detonation, at least two digital electronic detonators are used in each blast hole, and a network connection method is adopted for hole-by-hole detonation. This charge structure not only ensures the bottom crushing effect, but also realizes the reasonable distribution of energy through air intervals.

[0042] Specifically, the proportion of the air layer to the total charge length is controlled to be between the minimum air layer ratio threshold and the maximum air layer ratio threshold, and at the same time, the position of the PVC interval air column is ensured so that the length of the bottom reinforcement column is not less than the minimum length requirement. Taking the actual application of a mine as an example, the diameter of the blasthole is 115mm, the step height is 15m, the chassis resistance line is 3.8m, the over-depth is 1.5m, and the single-hole charge is about 92kg. According to the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), the proportion of the air layer to the total charge length is controlled to be between 15%-33%, that is, the length of the PVC interval section should be in the range of 1.95m-4.29m. Considering the convenience of production and transportation, the length of the PVC interval section is selected as 2.5-3.0m. In order to ensure the bottom crushing effect, it is calculated that the length of the lower charge should not be less than 6.1m (calculated by 3 / 33%=9.1m), that is, the top of the PVC interval pipe is 9.1m away from the bottom of the hole. In the actual charging process, finished machine-made sand is used for filling, and the filling height is controlled at 3.0m, which not only ensures the upper charge but also increases the charge center of gravity. The detonation network adopts a hole-by-hole detonation method, with the front row of blast holes detonating before the back row, with a delay of 17ms between holes and 42ms between rows, and detonation from the best side of the air surface to the other side in sequence. This combination of charge structure and detonation method not only meets the safety and reliability requirements, but also achieves an ideal crushing effect.

[0043] In one embodiment, the explosive rolls of different diameters include two or three different diameter specifications, wherein the large diameter explosive rolls are used in the main crushing area, and the small diameter explosive rolls are used in the transition zone.

[0044] Specifically, this embodiment uses a combination of explosive rolls of different diameters. A 90mm diameter emulsion explosive is used as a reinforced charging section within 2m of the bottom of the hole to achieve coupled charging, and the upper part uses 90mm and 70mm diameter explosive rolls respectively loaded through a sling to achieve radial uncoupled charging. This charging structure increases the uncoupling coefficient and makes full use of the advantages of radial uncoupled charging. At the same time, combined with the air-interval charging theory, it can effectively reduce the pressure peak at the moment of blasting and reduce the range of the crushing area. Among them, the large-diameter explosive rolls are arranged in the main crushing area, and the small-diameter explosive rolls are arranged in the transition zone. This arrangement not only reduces the powder ore rate, but also improves the uniformity of the blasting block size in the upper filling area, and effectively controls the large block rate. Practice has proved that this charging structure combining radial uncoupling and axial uncoupling can achieve a more ideal blasting effect.

[0045] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 In step S140, the fragmentation after blasting is quantitatively analyzed by fragmentation analysis software and a data model is established to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial uncoupling degree, radial uncoupling degree and blocking length, which specifically includes the following steps: S410, photographing the surface of the explosive pile to obtain an image of the surface of the explosive pile.

[0046] Among them, after the post-blasting inspection is completed and the blast pile is stable, a plurality of evenly distributed image acquisition points are arranged on the surface of the blast pile; two standard test balls with the same diameter are placed at each image acquisition point, and the distance between the two standard test balls is adjusted to be larger than the preset distance; a certain range of acquisition area is cleared around the standard test ball at each image acquisition point to ensure that the surface of the blast pile in the acquisition area is completely exposed; each acquisition area is photographed vertically to obtain an image of the blast pile surface including the standard test balls.

[0047] Specifically, this embodiment carries out the block size analysis after the post-blasting inspection is completed and the blast pile is stable. First, multiple representative image acquisition points are selected on the surface of the blast pile, and the acquisition points are evenly distributed to ensure the representativeness of the sample. Two standard test balls of the same diameter are placed at each acquisition point as size references, and the distance between the two balls is kept at more than 1.5 meters to reduce the viewing angle error. After the standard balls are laid out, the acquisition area is properly cleaned to remove loose rocks on the surface so that the surface of the blast pile in the acquisition area is fully exposed.

[0048] S420, using block size analysis software to process the surface image of the blast pile, and analyzing the distribution of large blocks based on the processing results.

[0049] In one embodiment, the surface image of the explosion pile is processed using the blockiness analysis software to obtain the software analysis situation diagram and the explosion pile blockiness distribution situation diagram as shown in the figure. Figure 5 and Figure 6 , so as to visually analyze the explosion situation.

[0050] S430. According to the distribution of large pieces, the control variable method is used to test the effects of different axial uncoupling degrees, radial uncoupling degrees and blocking lengths on the size of the pieces.

[0051] S440: Determine the best parameter combination according to the test results and the preset control objectives.

[0052] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 7 In step S430, according to the distribution of large pieces, the control variable method is used to test the influence of different axial uncoupling degrees, radial uncoupling degrees and blocking lengths on the block size, which specifically includes the following steps: S431. Select a reference blasthole as a control group, and use the existing axial uncoupling degree, radial uncoupling degree and blockage length of the reference blasthole as benchmark parameters.

[0053] S432. Under the condition of keeping the radial uncoupling degree and the blocking length unchanged, conduct a progressive change test on the axial uncoupling degree.

[0054] In this embodiment, the initial change interval is 0.15 times the diameter of the blasthole, which is reduced to 0.08 times when the blockiness change trend is obvious, and refined to 0.05 times in the critical area, and the blockiness distribution data under the uncoupled degree of each axis is recorded; S433. Under the condition of keeping the axial uncoupling degree and the blocking length unchanged, a progressive change test of the radial uncoupling degree is performed.

[0055] In this embodiment, the initial change interval is 0.15 times the diameter of the blasthole, which is reduced to 0.08 times when the block size change trend is obvious, and refined to 0.05 times in the critical area, and the block size distribution data at each radial uncoupling degree is recorded; S434. Under the condition of keeping the axial uncoupling degree and radial uncoupling degree unchanged, conduct a progressive change test on the blocking length.

[0056] In this embodiment, the initial change interval is 0.8 times the diameter of the blasthole, which is reduced to 0.4 times when the block size change trend is obvious, and refined to 0.2 times in the critical area, and the block size distribution data at each blockage length is recorded.

[0057] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 8 In step S440, the preset control targets include: S441. After blasting, the average ore size is controlled to be lower than the average size threshold, and the large block rate is lower than the large block rate threshold.

[0058] Among them, the average block size and large block rate are key indicators for measuring blasting effects. Reasonable control thresholds need to be determined based on mining process requirements and the processing capacity of subsequent crushing equipment. If the average block size is too large, the workload of secondary crushing will increase, while if it is too small, it will cause resource waste and increase the powder ore rate.

[0059] Specifically, this embodiment is aimed at a certain open-pit iron ore mining operation, and sets the average block size of the ore after blasting to be controlled below 500 mm, and the large block rate (the proportion of ore larger than 1000 mm) to be controlled within 8%.

[0060] S442. Control the blasting block uniformity coefficient to be higher than the uniformity threshold, and the blasting powder ore rate to be lower than the powder ore rate threshold.

[0061] Among them, the uniformity coefficient reflects the distribution of ores of different particle sizes in the blast pile. Too low uniformity will increase the difficulty of subsequent mineral processing. The powder ore rate is directly related to the recovery rate and economic benefits of the ore, and needs to be strictly controlled within a reasonable range.

[0062] S443. While maintaining the set explosive consumption unchanged, the particle size control is achieved by adjusting the charge structure.

[0063] In one embodiment, referring to Fig. 9 In step S443, adjusting the charge structure includes the following steps: S4431. Adjust the initial blocking length while keeping the mesh parameters unchanged.

[0064] S4432. Adjust the length of the PVC spacer air column and its distribution position in the borehole to optimize the uncoupled structure of the charge axis.

[0065] S4433. Adjust the combination of explosive rolls of different diameters and their loading positions in the blast hole to optimize the radial uncoupled structure of the charge.

[0066] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0067] In the second aspect, the present application provides a mine blasting construction block control system. The mine blasting construction block control system of the present application is described below in combination with the above-mentioned mine blasting construction block control method.

[0068] Reference Fig.10 , a mine blasting construction block control system, comprising: The initial blocking length determination module is used to determine the initial blocking length based on the hole network parameters constructed during the early test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area; The charge axis uncoupled structure determination module is used to set multiple sections of PVC spaced air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, and the PVC spaced air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole to form a charge axis uncoupled structure; A charge radial uncoupled structure determination module is used to sequentially load at least two explosive rolls with different diameters at different positions along the axial direction in the blast hole to form a charge radial uncoupled structure; The module for determining the best combination parameters is used to quantitatively analyze the fragmentation after blasting through fragmentation analysis software and establish a data model, so as to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blocking length.

[0069] In one embodiment, the present application provides an electronic device, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Fig.11As shown. The electronic device includes a processor, a memory and a network interface connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor of the electronic device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the electronic device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the electronic device is used to store data. The network interface of the electronic device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction is implemented.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that Fig.11 The structure shown in the figure is merely a block diagram of a partial structure related to the scheme of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device to which the scheme of the present application is applied. The specific electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0071] In one embodiment, an electronic device is further provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0072] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the above-mentioned computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), tape, floppy disk, flash memory or optical memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0073] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction, characterized in that: The steps include: Determine the initial plugging length based on the hole network parameters constructed during the previous test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area; A plurality of PVC spacer air columns with different lengths are arranged in the blasthole, and the PVC spacer air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blasthole to form a charge axis uncoupled structure; At least two explosive rolls with different diameters are sequentially loaded into the blasthole at different positions along the axial direction to form a radially uncoupled charge structure; The fragmentation after blasting is quantitatively analyzed and a data model is established through fragmentation analysis software to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blockage length.

2. The method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the PVC spacer air column is set according to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements, and is used to adjust the axial transmission characteristics of the explosion energy, which specifically includes the following steps: According to rock characteristics and target block size requirements, determine the minimum air layer ratio threshold and maximum air layer ratio threshold of the air layer ratio, as well as the minimum length requirement of the bottom reinforcement column; According to the arrangement structure of the upper uncoupled charge column, the PVC spaced air column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforced charge column in the blast hole, the length of the PVC spaced air column is determined by using the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), wherein La is the air space length, and Le is the total charge length, which includes the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforced charge column; The ratio of the air layer to the total length of the charge is controlled to be between the minimum air layer ratio threshold and the maximum air layer ratio threshold, while ensuring that the position of the PVC spacer air column makes the length of the bottom reinforced charge column not less than the minimum length requirement.

3. The method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive rolls of different diameters include two or three different diameter specifications, wherein the large-diameter explosive rolls are used in the main crushing area, and the small-diameter explosive rolls are used in the transition zone.

4. The method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fragmentation after blasting is quantitatively analyzed by fragmentation analysis software and a data model is established to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blocking length, which specifically includes the following steps: Photographing the surface of the explosive pile to obtain an image of the surface of the explosive pile; The surface image of the blast pile is processed using block size analysis software, and the distribution of large blocks is obtained based on the processing results; According to the distribution of the large pieces, the control variable method is used to test the effects of different axial uncoupling degrees, radial uncoupling degrees and blocking lengths on the size of the large pieces. Determine the optimal parameter combination based on the test results and preset control objectives.

5. The method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: Photographing the surface of the explosive pile to obtain an image of the explosive pile surface specifically includes the following steps: After the post-blasting inspection is completed and the blast pile is stable, multiple evenly distributed image acquisition points are arranged on the surface of the blast pile; Place two standard test balls with the same diameter at each image acquisition point, and adjust the distance between the two standard test balls to be larger than the preset distance; Clear a certain range of acquisition area around the standard test ball at each image acquisition point to ensure that the surface of the explosive pile in the acquisition area is completely exposed; Each acquisition area is photographed vertically to obtain an image of the surface of the blast pile containing the standard test balls.

6. The method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset control objectives include: After controlled blasting, the average ore size is lower than the average size threshold, and the large block rate is lower than the large block rate threshold; Control the blasting block uniformity coefficient to be higher than the uniformity threshold, and the blasting powder ore rate to be lower than the powder ore rate threshold; While keeping the set explosive consumption unchanged, the particle size control is achieved by adjusting the charging structure.

7. The method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The described adjustment of charge structure comprises the following steps: While keeping the mesh parameters unchanged, adjust the initial blocking length; Adjust the length of the PVC spacer air column and its distribution position in the blast hole to optimize the uncoupled structure of the charge axis; Adjust the combination of explosive rolls of different diameters and their loading positions in the blasthole to optimize the radial uncoupled structure of the charge.

8. A mine blasting construction block control system, characterized in that: include: The initial blocking length determination module is used to determine the initial blocking length based on the hole network parameters constructed during the early test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area; A charge axis uncoupled structure determination module is used to set a plurality of PVC spaced air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, wherein the PVC spaced air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole to form a charge axis uncoupled structure; A charge radial uncoupled structure determination module is used to sequentially load at least two explosive rolls with different diameters at different positions along the axial direction in the blasthole to form a charge radial uncoupled structure; The module for determining the best combination parameters is used to quantitatively analyze the fragmentation after blasting through fragmentation analysis software and establish a data model, so as to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of axial uncoupling, radial uncoupling and blocking length.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for controlling the block size of mining blasting construction described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for controlling the block size of mine blasting construction described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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