Comprehensive control method for betula alnoides young forest stage canker

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of cultivation of betula alnoides timber forests, and particularly relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for betula alnoides young forest stage canker, which comprises the following steps: (1) regulating and blocking a small environment of a planting area, and constructing a forest stand small environment for reducing the occurrence of diseases through intermediate cutting to improve the disease prevention capability of the forest stand; the distance of the blocky intermediate cutting area is reasonably controlled, and the disease transmission path and the diffusion speed are blocked or reduced; and (2) climate change monitoring and disease early warning: analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and rainfall and temperature environmental factors to find out a disease occurrence rule and propose an early warning strategy. According to the method, the disease prevention capability of the forest stand is improved, the disease occurrence rule is found out, the appropriate chemical prevention time is selected, and the growth vigor of affected forest trees is promoted to be quickly recovered and the disease influence is reduced through combination and configuration of different agents, mastering of a chemical prevention method and reasonable additional application of leaf fertilizer; the method is an important technology for actively coping with climate change influence in the field of artificial forest cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cultivating birch timber forests, and in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control method for canker disease of birch young forests. Background Art

[0002] Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.Ex D.Don is the southernmost species of the Betulaceae family. It is tall, straight, and slightly tapered. It has a wide adaptability, grows quickly, and is easy to regenerate naturally. It is a pioneer species of secondary forests in evergreen broad-leaved forests. Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.Ex D.Don prefers a warm and cool climate. Its most suitable temperature is an annual average temperature of 16.5-19.5℃, an average temperature of 9.5-12.5℃ in January, and an average temperature of 21.5-24.0℃ in July; the lowest extreme temperature is above -4℃; the relative humidity is above 80%, and the rainfall is above 1000mm.

[0003] Southwest birch is fine and fine, the wood does not warp or crack, has a small shrinkage ratio, and is not easy to deform. Southwest birch is a diffuse-porous wood with a light red to reddish brown color and beautiful patterns and colors. In addition to being used for traditional furniture and construction, it is also commonly used as plywood, high-end furniture, wood floors and interior decoration materials. It has good resonance performance and is also an excellent material for musical instruments. Southwest birch with a large diameter of more than 30 cm is priced at 4,000-5,000 yuan per cubic meter.

[0004] 1. Symptoms of the disease

[0005] At the end of September 2019, the first occurrence of birch canker (Botryosphaeriadothidea) was discovered in the pure forest treatment of the experimental forest. The symptoms of the disease are brown spots that first appear at the base of the branches in the middle and lower parts of the crown, and then gradually spread to the trunk. After the lesions expand and turn dark brown and completely surround the trunk or side branches, the upper leaves will wilt and dry up. In severe cases, the main trunk and side branches will dry up and die. When the site of the disease is located in the lower part of the crown, it can cause the death of the entire plant. After dissecting the infected part of the trunk, it was found that the bark of the infected part was dark brown and dry, and the xylem was light brown. The xylem below the lesion was normal, and the upper part was dry. This is caused by the blocking of water upward transportation after the infected part died;

[0006] 2. Planting pattern and defense analysis

[0007] The forest survey before and after the prevention and control showed that as the forest reserve density decreased, the disease susceptibility and mortality rates showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Among them, the pure forest constructed by clear-cutting was the most serious, reaching 100%, that is, appropriate intercropping and mixed planting can reduce the spread and harm of the disease. Among them, the disease susceptibility rate of the treatment with 300 plants / hectare was the lowest, at 35%, and the mortality rate of the treatment with 225 plants / hectare was the lowest, at 33%.

[0008] The mortality rate of susceptible individuals in the unthinned and interplanted treatment was the highest, about 80%, because Betula alnoides is a positive tree species, and its growth potential declines when there is insufficient light (the canopy density of the unthinned stand is 0.9), which further reflects that the growth potential of trees has a significant relationship with disease resistance; the disease occurred again in mid-July 2020, September 2021, and August 2022, and the occurrence time was inconsistent. However, from the analysis of the changes in meteorological factors before and after the occurrence period, it was found that the disease occurred in the severe high temperature and drought period after the end of the rainy season, about 1 month after the end of concentrated precipitation.

[0009] Taking pure forest as an example for comparative analysis, the disease is most serious 1-2 years after afforestation, with a susceptibility rate of 100%, a mortality rate of 100% without prevention and control, and a cure rate of 50% after prevention and control. The susceptibility rate is 40% in the third year after afforestation, and drops to below 10% in the fourth year of afforestation. Timely prevention and control can control the mortality rate below 5%. From the analysis of mortality rate, the disease has the most serious impact on young forests in the year of afforestation and the following year, with a high mortality rate; it has a weaker impact on trees over 3 years old and with a breast diameter greater than 6 cm, with a low mortality rate, but it seriously affects the growth of trees. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a comprehensive prevention and control method for ulcer disease in young forests of Betula alnoides.

[0011] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] A comprehensive prevention and control method for ulcer disease in young birch forests, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Control and block the microenvironment of the planting area: through thinning, a microenvironment of the forest stand that reduces the occurrence of diseases is constructed to improve the disease prevention ability of the forest stand; the distance between block thinning areas is reasonably controlled to block or reduce the disease transmission path and diffusion speed;

[0014] S2. Climate change monitoring and disease early warning: By analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, we can understand the law of disease occurrence, propose early warning strategies, and provide guidance for timely chemical control;

[0015] S3. Chemical control and growth rejuvenation: Through the combination of different agents, master the optimal chemical control method. When using chemical control, reasonably increase the application of foliar fertilizers at the same time to promote the rapid recovery of the growth of damaged trees and reduce the impact of diseases.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, reasonable control of the distance between block thinning areas needs to take into account the forest stand structure, tree species composition, and forest growth conditions.

[0017] Preferably, in S3, the control method includes a method for preparing a chemical control agent, a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer, and a method for using the agent. The method for preparing the chemical control agent is as follows: 0.1 kg of difenoconazole and 0.1 kg of pyraclostrobin are added to 100 kg of water, and difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin are mixed for use.

[0018] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is prepared by adding 0.3 kg of trace element foliar fertilizer to 100 kg of water, the ingredients of which are complex amino acids ≥ 100 g / L, and copper + iron + manganese + zinc + boron ≥ 20 g / L. The trace element foliar fertilizer is added to promote the tree to recover its growth and improve its resistance.

[0019] Preferably, the method for using the agent is as follows: fully mix the prepared agent and spray it with a sprayer, starting from the crown of the tree and spraying downward to the entire plant until the liquid spreads 10-15 cm on the surface of the base of the trunk.

[0020] Preferably, in S1, the afforestation land selection conditions are: areas with an altitude of 400-1450m, an average annual temperature of 15.5-21°C, an average annual rainfall of 1000-1600mm, a frost-free period of more than 280d throughout the year, red soil, yellow-red soil and yellow soil types, a soil layer of more than 100cm, a topsoil layer of more than 10cm, a humus content of more than 20%, and an acidic soil with a pH value of 4.5-6.5.

[0021] Preferably, in S1, during afforestation, the row spacing of Betula alnoides is 2.0 m×4.0 m, and the afforestation season is selected from January to May.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, a control monitoring mechanism is established to monitor the growth of Betula alnoides after the chemical control method is implemented, and the monitoring images are retained.

[0023] Preferably, the monitoring images are analyzed to determine the control effect after the implementation of the chemical control method, determine the diseased area, and cut off the diseased branches and leaves.

[0024] Preferably, in S2, when ulcer disease occurs, precipitation and temperature are monitored, and the severity of the ulcer disease under different precipitation and temperature is recorded.

[0025] In the present invention, the comprehensive prevention and treatment method for ulcer disease in young Betula alnoides forests has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] Observe every day after prevention and treatment. After 5-7 days, the number of infected plants stops increasing, that is, the scope of infection is under control, and infected plants begin to sprout new leaves. After about 10 days, the new leaves develop normally into full leaves, and the plants resume normal growth. The upper branches and leaves of some individuals with lesions completely surrounding the main trunk also resume growth;

[0027] The end of the rainy season in 2020 was earlier than that in 2019, and the high temperature and drought period began in mid-June. Based on the experience of the previous year, observations were immediately strengthened, and the disease occurred in July. It can be inferred that: (1) the occurrence of birch disease is closely related to changes in extreme climate, and it can be predicted and forecasted through drastic changes in precipitation, thus buying time for timely prevention and control;

[0028] (2) Control measures are only effective for the current year. If control measures are taken at the early stage of the disease, the mortality rate can be reduced to less than 5%, and the mortality rate is mainly in the weaker individuals.

[0029] The present invention blocks or reduces the disease transmission pathway and diffusion speed by optimizing the afforestation pattern, thereby improving the disease prevention ability of the forest stand. By analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, the law of disease occurrence is understood, and the appropriate time for chemical control is selected. By configuring different combinations of agents, chemical control methods are mastered, and foliar fertilizers are reasonably applied to promote the rapid recovery of the growth of affected trees and reduce the impact of diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a comprehensive prevention and control method for birch canker in young forests proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the effect of the stand retention density on the susceptibility of Betula alnoides in a comprehensive prevention and control method for canker in young Betula alnoides forests proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a picture of the affected area and symptoms;

[0033] Figure 4 This is the characteristic diagram of xylem in the diseased part;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a picture of diseased and dead plants of Betula alnoides planted under the forest canopy;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a picture of Betula alnoides planted under the canopy and recovering after being infected with the disease;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a picture of the recovery growth of branches and leaves below the lesions of infected plants in a pure forest;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a picture of the recovery growth of branches and leaves above the lesions of diseased plants in a pure forest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] Reference Figure 1-8 , a comprehensive prevention and control method for ulcer disease in young birch forests, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. Control and block the microenvironment of the planting area: through thinning, a microenvironment of the forest stand that reduces the occurrence of diseases is constructed to improve the disease prevention ability of the forest stand; the distance between block thinning areas is reasonably controlled to block or reduce the disease transmission path and diffusion speed;

[0042] S2. Climate change monitoring and disease early warning: By analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, we can understand the law of disease occurrence, propose early warning strategies, and provide guidance for timely chemical control;

[0043] S3. Chemical control and growth rejuvenation: Through the combination of different agents, master the optimal chemical control method. When using chemical control, reasonably increase the application of foliar fertilizers at the same time to promote the rapid recovery of the growth of damaged trees and reduce the impact of diseases.

[0044] Chemical control and plant recovery are implemented in steps, that is, chemical control is carried out first, and foliar fertilization is carried out the next day.

[0045] In this embodiment, in S3, the control method includes a method for preparing a chemical control agent, a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer, and a method for using the agent. The method for preparing a chemical control agent is as follows: 0.1 kg of difenoconazole and 0.1 kg of pyraclostrobin are added to 100 kg of water, and difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin are mixed for use.

[0046] In this embodiment, the foliar fertilizer preparation method is as follows: 0.3 kg of trace element foliar fertilizer is added to 100 kg of water, and the ingredients are complex amino acids ≥ 100 g / L, copper + iron + manganese + zinc + boron ≥ 20 g / L. The trace element foliar fertilizer is added to promote the recovery of tree growth and improve resistance.

[0047] In this embodiment, the method of using the agent is as follows: the prepared agent is fully mixed and sprayed with a sprayer, starting from the crown of the tree and spraying downward to the entire plant until the liquid spreads within a range of 10-15 cm on the surface of the base of the trunk.

[0048] In this embodiment, in S1, the afforestation land selection conditions are: an altitude of 400m, an average annual temperature of 15.5℃, an average annual rainfall of 1000mm, an area with a frost-free period of more than 280d throughout the year, red soil, yellow-red soil and yellow soil types, a soil layer of more than 100cm, a topsoil layer of more than 10cm, a humus content of more than 20%, and an acidic soil with a pH value of 4.5.

[0049] In this embodiment, in S1, during afforestation, the row spacing of Betula alnoides is 2.0 m×4.0 m, and the afforestation season is selected in January.

[0050] In this embodiment, in S3, a control monitoring mechanism is established, and after the chemical control method is implemented, the growth of Betula alnoides is monitored and the monitoring images are retained.

[0051] In this embodiment, the monitoring screen is analyzed to determine the control effect after the implementation of the chemical control method, determine the diseased area, and cut off the diseased branches and leaves.

[0052] In this embodiment, in S2, when ulcer disease occurs, precipitation and temperature are monitored, and the severity of the ulcer disease under different precipitation and temperature is recorded.

[0053] Embodiment 2

[0054] A comprehensive prevention and control method for ulcer disease in young birch forests, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1. Control and block the microenvironment of the planting area: through thinning, a microenvironment of the forest stand that reduces the occurrence of diseases is constructed to improve the disease prevention ability of the forest stand; the distance between block thinning areas is reasonably controlled to block or reduce the disease transmission path and diffusion speed;

[0056] S2. Climate change monitoring and disease early warning: By analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, we can understand the law of disease occurrence, propose early warning strategies, and provide guidance for timely chemical control;

[0057] S3. Chemical control and growth rejuvenation: Through the combination of different agents, master the optimal chemical control method. When using chemical control, reasonably increase the application of foliar fertilizers at the same time to promote the rapid recovery of the growth of damaged trees and reduce the impact of diseases.

[0058] Chemical control and plant recovery are implemented in steps, that is, chemical control is carried out first, and foliar fertilization is carried out the next day.

[0059] In this embodiment, in S3, the control method includes a method for preparing a chemical control agent, a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer, and a method for using the agent. The method for preparing a chemical control agent is as follows: 0.1 kg of difenoconazole and 0.1 kg of pyraclostrobin are added to 100 kg of water, and difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin are mixed for use.

[0060] In this embodiment, the foliar fertilizer preparation method is as follows: 0.3 kg of trace element foliar fertilizer is added to 100 kg of water, and the ingredients are complex amino acids ≥ 100 g / L, copper + iron + manganese + zinc + boron ≥ 20 g / L. The trace element foliar fertilizer is added to promote the recovery of tree growth and improve resistance.

[0061] In this embodiment, the method of using the agent is as follows: the prepared agent is fully mixed and sprayed with a sprayer, starting from the crown of the tree and spraying downward to the entire plant until the liquid spreads within a range of 10-15 cm on the surface of the base of the trunk.

[0062] In this embodiment, in S1, the afforestation land selection conditions are: an altitude of 800m, an average annual temperature of 18°C, an average annual rainfall of 1300mm, an area with a frost-free period of more than 280d throughout the year, red soil, yellow-red soil and yellow soil types, a soil layer of more than 100cm, a topsoil layer of more than 10cm, a humus content of more than 20%, and an acidic soil with a pH value of 6.

[0063] In this embodiment, in S1, during afforestation, the row spacing of Betula alnoides is 2.0 m×4.0 m, and the afforestation season is selected in March.

[0064] In this embodiment, in S3, a control monitoring mechanism is established, and after the chemical control method is implemented, the growth of Betula alnoides is monitored and the monitoring images are retained.

[0065] In this embodiment, the monitoring screen is analyzed to determine the control effect after the implementation of the chemical control method, determine the diseased area, and cut off the diseased branches and leaves.

[0066] In this embodiment, in S2, when ulcer disease occurs, precipitation and temperature are monitored, and the severity of the ulcer disease under different precipitation and temperature is recorded.

[0067] Embodiment 3

[0068] A comprehensive prevention and control method for ulcer disease in young birch forests, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1. Control and block the microenvironment of the planting area: through thinning, a microenvironment of the forest stand that reduces the occurrence of diseases is constructed to improve the disease prevention ability of the forest stand; the distance between block thinning areas is reasonably controlled to block or reduce the disease transmission path and diffusion speed;

[0070] S2. Climate change monitoring and disease early warning: By analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, we can understand the law of disease occurrence, propose early warning strategies, and provide guidance for timely chemical control;

[0071] S3. Chemical control and growth rejuvenation: Through the combination of different agents, master the optimal chemical control method. When using chemical control, reasonably increase the application of foliar fertilizers at the same time to promote the rapid recovery of the growth of damaged trees and reduce the impact of diseases.

[0072] The method of implementing chemical control and plant recovery simultaneously means carrying out chemical control and foliar fertilization simultaneously, that is, adding the agent and foliar fertilizer to the solution at the same time.

[0073] In this embodiment, in S3, the control method includes a method for preparing a chemical control agent, a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer, and a method for using the agent. The method for preparing a chemical control agent is as follows: 0.1 kg of difenoconazole and 0.1 kg of pyraclostrobin are added to 100 kg of water, and difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin are mixed for use.

[0074] In this embodiment, the foliar fertilizer preparation method is as follows: 0.3 kg of trace element foliar fertilizer is added to 100 kg of water, and the ingredients are complex amino acids ≥ 100 g / L, copper + iron + manganese + zinc + boron ≥ 20 g / L. The trace element foliar fertilizer is added to promote the recovery of tree growth and improve resistance.

[0075] In this embodiment, the method of using the agent is as follows: the prepared agent is fully mixed and sprayed with a sprayer, starting from the crown of the tree and spraying downward to the entire plant until the liquid spreads within a range of 10-15 cm on the surface of the base of the trunk.

[0076] In this embodiment, in S1, the afforestation land selection conditions are: areas with an altitude of 1450m, an average annual temperature of 21°C, an average annual rainfall of 1600mm, a frost-free period of more than 280d throughout the year, red soil, yellow-red soil and yellow soil types, soil layer of more than 100cm, topsoil layer of more than 10cm, humus content of more than 20%, and acidic soil with a pH value of 6.5.

[0077] In this embodiment, in S1, during afforestation, the row spacing of Betula alnoides is 2.0 m×4.0 m, and the afforestation season is selected in May.

[0078] In this embodiment, in S3, a control monitoring mechanism is established, and after the chemical control method is implemented, the growth of Betula alnoides is monitored and the monitoring images are retained.

[0079] In this embodiment, the monitoring screen is analyzed to determine the control effect after the implementation of the chemical control method, determine the diseased area, and cut off the diseased branches and leaves.

[0080] In this embodiment, in S2, when ulcer disease occurs, precipitation and temperature are monitored, and the severity of the ulcer disease under different precipitation and temperature is recorded.

[0082] 1. Symptoms of the disease

[0083] At the end of September 2019, the first occurrence of birch canker (Botryosphaer iadothidea) was discovered in the pure forest treatment of the experimental forest. The symptoms of the disease are brown spots that first appear at the base of the branches in the middle and lower parts of the crown, and then gradually spread to the trunk. After the spots expand and turn black-brown and completely surround the trunk or side branches, the upper leaves will wilt and dry up. In severe cases, the main trunk and side branches will dry up and die. When the site of the disease is located in the lower part of the crown, it can cause the death of the entire plant ( Figure 3 ). After dissecting the infected part of the tree trunk, it was found that the bark of the infected part was dark brown and dry, and the wood was light brown. The wood below the lesion was normal, and the upper part was dry ( Figure 4 ) is caused by the death of the infected parts, which blocks the upward transport of water.

[0084] 2. Planting pattern and defense analysis

[0085] The forest survey before and after the prevention and control showed that as the forest reserve density decreased, the disease susceptibility and mortality rates showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The pure forest constructed by clear-cutting was the most serious, reaching 100%. That is, appropriate intercropping and mixed planting can reduce the spread and harm of the disease. Among them, the disease susceptibility rate of the treatment with 300 plants / hectare was the lowest, at 35%, and the mortality rate of the treatment with 225 plants / hectare was the lowest, at 33% ( Figure 2 ).

[0086] The mortality rate of susceptible individuals in the unthinned and interplanted treatment was the highest, about 80%, because Betula alnoides is a positive tree species, and its growth potential decreases when light is insufficient (the canopy density of the unthinned stand is 0.9) Figure 5 ), further reflecting that there is a significant relationship between tree growth potential and disease resistance.

[0087] 3. Annual occurrence pattern

[0088] The disease occurred again in mid-July 2020, September 2021, and August 2022, with different occurrence times. However, analysis of changes in meteorological factors before and after the occurrence period showed that the disease occurred in the severe high temperature and drought period after the end of the rainy season, about one month after the end of concentrated precipitation.

[0089] Taking pure forest as an example for comparative analysis, the disease is most serious 1-2 years after afforestation, with a susceptibility rate of 100%, a mortality rate of 100% without prevention and control, and a cure rate of 50% after prevention and control. The susceptibility rate is 40% in the third year after afforestation, and drops to below 10% in the fourth year of afforestation. Timely prevention and control can control the mortality rate below 5%. From the analysis of mortality rate, the disease has the most serious impact on young forests in the year of afforestation and the following year, with a high mortality rate; it has a weaker impact on trees over 3 years old and with a breast diameter greater than 6 cm, with a low mortality rate, but it seriously affects the growth of trees.

[0090] 5. Time of occurrence and prevention

[0091] The rainy season ended in late August 2019, and the area entered a severe high temperature and drought period in September. At the end of September, it was found that the leaves of some plants had wilted, and some had dried up and died. Investigations revealed that this was caused by canker disease on the trunks and some twigs. Disease prevention and control measures were taken in early October, and a simultaneous survey on the disease susceptibility of different planting patterns was conducted.

[0092] VI. Prevention and control methods

[0093] 1. Chemical control agent configuration method:

[0094] Add 0.1 kg of difenoconazole (40% suspension) and 0.1 kg of pyraclostrobin (25% suspension) to 100 kg of water, and mix difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin.

[0095] 2. Foliar fertilizer configuration method

[0096] Add 0.3kg of trace element foliar fertilizer to 100kg of water. The ingredients are complex amino acids ≥100g / L, copper + iron + manganese + zinc + boron ≥20g / L. Adding trace element foliar fertilizer is to promote the tree's growth recovery and improve resistance.

[0097] 3. Usage

[0098] Mix the prepared medicine thoroughly and evenly, and spray it with a sprayer, starting from the crown of the tree and spraying downward to the entire plant, until the liquid spreads within a range of 10-15cm on the surface of the base of the trunk.

[0099] 4. Prevention and control methods

[0100] Method 1: Chemical control and plant recovery are implemented step by step, that is, chemical control is carried out first, and then foliar fertilization is carried out the next day.

[0101] Method 2: Simultaneous implementation of chemical control and plant recovery, that is, chemical control and foliar fertilization are carried out simultaneously, that is, the agent and foliar fertilizer are added to the solution at the same time.

[0102] VII. Control Effect

[0103] Observe every day after prevention and treatment. After 5-7 days, the number of infected plants stops increasing, that is, the scope of infection is under control, and the infected plants begin to sprout new leaves. After about 10 days, the new leaves develop normally into full leaves ( Figure 6 , Figure 7 ), the plant resumed normal growth. The upper branches and leaves of some individuals with lesions completely surrounding the main trunk also resumed growth ( Figure 8 ).

[0104] The end of the rainy season in 2020 was earlier than that in 2019, and the high temperature and drought period began in mid-June. Based on the experience of the previous year, observation was immediately strengthened, and the disease occurred in July. It can be inferred that (1) the occurrence of birch disease is closely related to the change of extreme climate, and it can be predicted and forecasted through the drastic changes in precipitation, buying time for timely prevention and control. (2) The prevention and control measures are only effective for controlling the disease in the current year. Taking measures to prevent and control the disease in the early stage of the disease can reduce the mortality rate to less than 5%, and it is mainly weaker individuals.

[0105] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive control method for ulcer disease in young Betula alnoides forests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Control and block the microenvironment of the planting area: through thinning, a microenvironment of the forest stand that reduces the occurrence of diseases is constructed to improve the disease prevention ability of the forest stand; the distance between block thinning areas is reasonably controlled to block or reduce the disease transmission path and diffusion speed; S2. Climate change monitoring and disease early warning: By analyzing the relationship between disease occurrence and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, we can understand the law of disease occurrence, propose early warning strategies, and provide guidance for timely chemical control; S3. Chemical control and growth rejuvenation: Through the combination of different agents, master the optimal chemical control method. When using chemical control, reasonably increase the application of foliar fertilizers at the same time to promote the rapid recovery of the growth of damaged trees and reduce the impact of diseases.

2. The comprehensive control method for ulcer disease of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, reasonable control of the distance between block thinning areas requires consideration of the forest stand structure, tree species composition, and forest growth conditions.

3. The comprehensive control method for ulcer disease of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, chemical control includes a method for preparing a chemical control agent, a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer, and a method for using the agent. The method for preparing a chemical control agent is as follows: 0.1 kg of difenoconazole and 0.1 kg of pyraclostrobin are added to 100 kg of water, and difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin are mixed for use.

4. The comprehensive control method for ulcer disease of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 3, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer preparation method is as follows: 0.3 kg of trace element foliar fertilizer is added to 100 kg of water, the ingredients of which are complex amino acids ≥ 100 g / L, and copper + iron + manganese + zinc + boron ≥ 20 g / L. The trace element foliar fertilizer is added to promote the tree to recover its growth and improve its resistance.

5. The comprehensive control method for canker of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method of using the agent is as follows: fully mix the prepared agent and spray it with a sprayer, starting from the crown of the tree and spraying downward to the entire plant until the liquid spreads within a range of 10-15 cm on the surface of the base of the trunk.

6. The comprehensive control method for canker of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S1, the afforestation land selection conditions are: areas with an altitude of 400-1450m, an average annual temperature of 15.5-21°C, an average annual rainfall of 1000-1600mm, a frost-free period of more than 280d throughout the year, red soil, yellow-red soil and yellow soil types, a soil layer of more than 100cm, a topsoil layer of more than 10cm, a humus content of more than 20%, and an acidic soil with a pH value of 4.5-6.

5.

7. The comprehensive control method for canker of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S1, during afforestation, the row spacing of Betula alnoides was 2.0 m×4.0 m, and the afforestation season was selected from January to May.

8. The comprehensive control method for canker of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S3, a control monitoring mechanism is established to monitor the growth of Betula alnoides after the implementation of the chemical control method, and the monitoring images are retained.

9. The comprehensive control method for canker of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 8, characterized in that: Analyze the monitoring images, determine the control effect after the implementation of chemical control methods, determine the diseased areas, and cut off diseased branches and leaves.

10. The comprehensive control method for canker of Betula alnoides in young forests according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S2, when ulcer disease occurs, precipitation and temperature are monitored, and the severity of the ulcer disease under different precipitation and temperature is recorded.

Images