Linear shaft of numerical control machine tool and numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control machine tool linear shaft and a numerical control machine tool, and relates to the field of numerical control machine tools, the numerical control machine tool linear shaft comprises two guide rails and a moving plate, the two guide rails are transversely arranged and symmetrically distributed front and back, two open grooves are formed in the lower side of the moving plate, and the moving plate is slidably connected with the two guide rails through the two open grooves; a sliding block is arranged in each groove in a sliding mode, a first elastic mechanism for applying elastic force to the sliding block is arranged in each groove, sliding grooves allowing the sliding blocks to slide are formed in the front side and the rear side of each guide rail, each sliding groove is transversely formed, and telescopic grooves are formed in the upper side and the lower side of each sliding block; the two telescopic grooves are both located in the groove, and a top block is slidably installed in each telescopic groove through a second elastic mechanism. After the guide rail and the sliding block are mutually abraded, compensation can be automatically carried out, so that the movable plate is kept stable when moving on the guide rail, and people can use the device conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of numerically controlled machine tools, and in particular to a linear axis of a numerically controlled machine tool and a numerically controlled machine tool. Background Art

[0002] CNC machine tools are machine tools with a CNC system. They are highly automated mechatronic processing equipment and play a very important role in the manufacturing industry. Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have the characteristics of high processing accuracy, high efficiency and wide adaptability.

[0003] During the use of CNC machine tools, it is necessary to move the tool through a linear axis to adjust the processing position. In the prior art, when the tool is moved by a linear axis, in order to improve the movement stability, it is generally guided by a guide rail. However, after long-term use, the guide rail will wear, which will cause the tool to shake easily when moving, thereby affecting the processing stability and affecting the use. Therefore, a CNC machine tool linear axis and a CNC machine tool are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the linear axis of the existing CNC machine tools, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a linear axis of a CNC machine tool and a CNC machine tool, which solves the problem that when a tool is moved by a linear axis, in order to improve the movement stability, it is generally guided by a guide rail, but after long-term use, the guide rail will wear, which will cause the tool to shake easily when moving, thereby affecting the processing stability and affecting the use.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A linear axis of a numerically controlled machine tool comprises two guide rails and a movable plate, wherein the two guide rails are both arranged transversely and symmetrically distributed front and back, the lower side of the movable plate is provided with two open grooves and is slidably connected with the two guide rails through the two open grooves, the front and rear sides of the open grooves are provided with grooves, a slider is slidably arranged inside each of the grooves, and a first elastic mechanism for applying elastic force to the slider is arranged inside each of the grooves, a slide groove for sliding the slider is provided on the front and rear sides of each of the guide rails, each of the slide grooves is arranged transversely, a telescopic groove is provided on the upper and lower sides of each of the sliders, the two telescopic grooves are located inside the grooves, a top block is slidably installed in each of the telescopic grooves through a second elastic mechanism, first ratchet bars are fixedly arranged at opposite ends of the two top blocks, a movable groove for sliding the top block is provided on the upper and lower sides of each of the grooves, a second ratchet bar is fixedly arranged at the bottom of each of the movable grooves, the first ratchet bar can mesh with the second ratchet bar, and a mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the upper side of the movable plate.

[0008] Preferably, the first elastic mechanism comprises a first spring, the first spring is transversely arranged in the groove, and two ends of the first spring are respectively fixedly connected to the groove bottom of the groove and the sliding block.

[0009] Preferably, the second elastic mechanism includes two second springs, and the two second springs are vertically arranged in the telescopic slot, and the two ends of each second spring are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic slot and the top block.

[0010] Preferably, each of the telescopic slots is provided with two vertically arranged telescopic rods, the two telescopic rods are movably sleeved with two second springs respectively, and the two ends of each telescopic rod are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom and top block of the telescopic slot.

[0011] Preferably, each slider has a plurality of evenly distributed hemispherical grooves at one end located in the slide groove, and a ball is rolled in each hemispherical groove. The ball is located on one side of the hemispherical groove and is against the bottom of the slide groove and is rolled.

[0012] A numerically controlled machine tool comprises a linear axis and a bed, wherein the linear axis is mounted on the bed, two guide rails are transversely fixedly arranged on the upper side of the bed, and a driving mechanism capable of driving a movable plate to move transversely is arranged on the upper side of the bed.

[0013] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a shell, a servo motor, a worm, a worm wheel and a lead screw, the lead screw is laterally arranged between the two guide rails, the side wall of the movable plate is provided with a threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the lead screw, two support plates are fixedly arranged on the upper side of the bed, the two support plates are respectively located on the left and right sides of the guide rails, the left and right ends of the lead screw are rotatably connected to the two support plates through a first bearing, the shell is fixedly arranged on the right side of the upper end of the bed, the right end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the left side wall of the shell through a second bearing and extends into the shell, and the right end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the worm wheel, the servo motor is fixedly arranged in the shell, the output shaft of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the worm, and the worm is meshingly connected to the worm wheel.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0015] When the two ends of the slider are in the sliding groove, the two ends of the slider are in the sliding groove, and the two ends of the slider are in the sliding groove. When the two ends of the slider are in the sliding groove, the slider moves to the inner side of the sliding groove, and the two ends of the slider drive the two first ratchet bars to move to the inner side of the sliding groove. When the movement is completed, the second spring will apply elastic force to the top block, so that the top block drives the first ratchet bar to move to the inner side of the moving groove, so that the first ratchet bar and the second ratchet bar are meshed and engaged with each other, and the first ratchet bar cannot move to the side away from the sliding groove under the restriction of the second ratchet bar, and then the slider can be kept in close contact with the groove bottom of the sliding groove and can slide. Through the above device, after the guide rail and the slider are worn against each other, compensation can be automatically performed, so that the moving plate can remain stable when moving on the guide rail, which is convenient for people to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the movable plate and two guide rails of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the slider of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the shell of the present invention.

[0023] Description of reference numerals:

[0024] 1. Guide rail; 2. Moving plate; 3. Sliding block; 4. Top block; 5. First ratchet bar; 6. Second ratchet bar; 7. First spring; 8. Second spring; 9. Telescopic rod; 10. Ball bearing; 11. Bed; 12. Housing; 13. Servo motor; 14. Worm; 15. Worm wheel; 16. Lead screw; 17. Support plate; 18. Mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The present invention provides Figure 1-6 A linear axis of a numerically controlled machine tool shown in the figure comprises two guide rails 1 and a movable plate 2. The two guide rails 1 are both arranged transversely and symmetrically distributed front and back. Two open grooves are provided on the lower side of the movable plate 2 and are slidably connected to the two guide rails 1 through the two open grooves. Grooves are provided on the front and rear sides of the open grooves. A slider 3 is slidably provided inside each groove, and a first elastic mechanism for applying elastic force to the slider 3 is provided inside each groove. A slide groove for sliding the slider 3 is provided on the front and rear sides of each guide rail 1. Each slide groove is arranged transversely. Telescopic grooves are provided on the upper and lower sides of each slider 3. The two telescopic grooves are located inside the grooves. A top block 4 is slidably installed in each telescopic groove through a second elastic mechanism. First ratchet bars 5 are fixedly provided at opposite ends of the two top blocks 4. A movable groove for sliding the top block 4 is provided on the upper and lower sides of each groove. A second ratchet bar 6 is fixedly provided at the bottom of each movable groove. The first ratchet bar 5 can mesh with the second ratchet bar 6. A mounting plate 18 is fixedly provided on the upper side of the movable plate 2, and the tool of the numerically controlled lathe is mounted on the mounting plate 18.

[0027] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first elastic mechanism includes a first spring 7, which is transversely arranged in the groove, and the two ends of the first spring 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the groove and the slider 3. After long-term use, the slider 3 and the slide groove are worn due to mutual friction. At this time, the slider 3 is exerted with elastic force by the first spring 7, so that the slider 3 moves toward the inside of the slide groove, so that the end of the slider 3 located inside the slide groove is also against the bottom of the slide groove.

[0028] like Figure 3-Figure 5As shown, the second elastic mechanism includes two second springs 8, and the two second springs 8 are vertically arranged in the telescopic groove. The two ends of each second spring 8 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic groove and the top block 4 respectively. The slider 3 will drive the two top blocks 4 to move to one side of the slide groove, and the two top blocks 4 will drive the two first ratchet bars 5 to move to one side of the slide groove. When the movement is completed, the second spring 8 will apply elastic force to the top block 4, so that the top block 4 drives the first ratchet bar 5 to move toward the inside of the moving groove, so that the first ratchet bar 5 and the second ratchet bar 6 are meshed and engaged with each other, and the first ratchet bar 5 cannot move to the side away from the slide groove under the restriction of the second ratchet bar 6, so that the slider 3 can be kept in close contact with the bottom of the slide groove and can slide.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, each telescopic slot is provided with two vertically arranged telescopic rods 9, and the two telescopic rods 9 are movably mounted with two second springs 8 respectively. The two ends of each telescopic rod 9 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic slot and the top block 4, which can guide the vertical movement of the top block 4, so that the top block 4 is more stable when moving in the telescopic slot.

[0030] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of evenly distributed hemispherical grooves are opened at one end of each slider 3 located in the slide groove, and a ball 10 is rolled in each hemispherical groove. The ball 10 is located on one side of the hemispherical groove and is against and rolled against the bottom of the slide groove, which can reduce the friction between the slider 3 and the bottom of the slide groove.

[0031] A CNC machine tool includes a linear axis and a bed 11. The linear axis is mounted on the bed 11. Two guide rails 1 are both transversely fixed on the upper side of the bed 11. A driving mechanism that can drive a movable plate 2 to move transversely is arranged on the upper side of the bed 11.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the driving mechanism includes a housing 12, a servo motor 13, a worm 14, a worm wheel 15 and a screw 16. The screw 16 is transversely arranged between the two guide rails 1. The side wall of the movable plate 2 is provided with a threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the screw 16. Two support plates 17 are fixedly arranged on the upper side of the bed 11. The two support plates 17 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the guide rail 1. The left and right ends of the screw 16 are respectively rotatably connected to the two support plates 17 through the first bearing. The housing 12 is fixedly arranged on the right side of the upper end of the bed 11. The right end of the screw 16 is rotatably connected to the left wall of the housing 12 through the second bearing. The servo motor 13 is fixedly arranged in the housing 12, and the output shaft of the servo motor 13 is fixedly connected to the worm 14, and the worm 14 is meshingly connected with the worm wheel 15. The servo motor 13 can drive the worm 14 to rotate, and the worm 14 drives the worm wheel 15 to rotate, and the worm wheel 15 drives the screw 16 to rotate. The rotation of the screw 16 can drive the movable plate 2 to move laterally, and the transmission drive is performed through the worm 14 and the worm wheel 15, which can reduce the driving torque of the servo motor 14 and improve the driving stability.

[0033] When the present invention is in use, when the moving plate 2 moves left and right under the action of the driving mechanism, the two guide rails 1 can assist the moving plate 2 to move horizontally more stably. After long-term use, the mutual friction between the slider 3 and the slide groove is worn. At this time, the slider 3 is exerted with elastic force by the first spring 7, so that the slider 3 moves toward the inside of the slide groove, so that the end of the slider 3 located inside the slide groove is also against the bottom of the slide groove. At the same time, the slider 3 drives the two top blocks 4 to move toward one side of the slide groove, and the two top blocks 4 drive the two first ratchet bars 5 to move toward one side of the slide groove. After the movement is completed, the second spring 8 will apply elastic force to the top block 4, so that the top block 4 drives the first ratchet bar 5 to move toward the inside of the moving groove, so that the first ratchet bar 5 and the second ratchet bar 6 are meshed and engaged with each other, and the first ratchet bar 5 cannot move to the side away from the slide groove under the restriction of the second ratchet bar 6, so that the slider 3 can be kept in close contact with the bottom of the slide groove and can slide. Through the upper device, after the guide rail 1 and the slider 3 wear each other, they can automatically compensate, so that the moving plate 2 can remain stable when moving on the guide rail 1, which is convenient for people to use.

[0034] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A linear axis of a numerically controlled machine tool, comprising two guide rails (1) and a movable plate (2), characterized in that: The two guide rails (1) are both arranged transversely and symmetrically distributed front and back; the lower side of the movable plate (2) is provided with two open grooves and is slidably connected to the two guide rails (1) through the two open grooves; the front and rear sides of the open grooves are provided with grooves; a slider (3) is slidably arranged inside each of the grooves; and a first elastic mechanism is arranged inside each of the grooves to apply elastic force to the slider (3); the front and rear sides of each of the guide rails (1) are provided with a slide groove for the slider (3) to slide; each of the slide grooves is arranged transversely; and the upper and lower sides of each of the sliders (3) are provided with a first elastic mechanism for applying elastic force to the slider (3). Both sides are provided with telescopic grooves, the two telescopic grooves are both located inside the grooves, a top block (4) is slidably mounted in each of the telescopic grooves via a second elastic mechanism, first ratchet bars (5) are fixedly mounted at opposite ends of the two top blocks (4), a movable groove for sliding the top block (4) is provided on the upper and lower sides of each of the grooves, a second ratchet bar (6) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of each of the movable grooves, the first ratchet bar (5) can mesh with the second ratchet bar (6), and a mounting plate (18) is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the movable plate (2).

2. A linear axis for a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first elastic mechanism comprises a first spring (7), the first spring (7) is arranged transversely in the groove, and the two ends of the first spring (7) are respectively fixedly connected to the groove bottom of the groove and the slider (3).

3. A linear axis for a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second elastic mechanism comprises two second springs (8), the two second springs (8) are vertically arranged in the telescopic slot, and the two ends of each second spring (8) are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic slot and the top block (4).

4. A linear axis for a CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two vertically arranged telescopic rods (9) are arranged in each telescopic slot. The two telescopic rods (9) are movably sleeved with two second springs (8) respectively. The two ends of each telescopic rod (9) are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic slot and the top block (4).

5. A linear axis for a CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of evenly distributed hemispherical grooves are formed at one end of each of the sliders (3) located in the slide groove, and a ball (10) is rolled in each of the hemispherical grooves. The ball (10) is located on one side of the hemispherical groove and abuts against the bottom of the slide groove and is rolled therein.

6. A numerically controlled machine tool, characterized in that: It comprises the linear axis as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and also comprises a bed (11), wherein the linear axis is mounted on the bed (11), and the two guide rails (1) are both laterally fixedly arranged on the upper side of the bed (11), and the upper side of the bed (11) is provided with a driving mechanism that can drive the movable plate (2) to move laterally.

7. A CNC machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a housing (12), a servo motor (13), a worm (14), a worm wheel (15) and a screw (16); the screw (16) is transversely arranged between the two guide rails (1); a threaded hole is provided on the side wall of the movable plate (2) and is threadedly connected to the screw (16); two support plates (17) are fixedly arranged on the upper side of the bed (11); the two support plates (17) are respectively located on the left and right sides of the guide rail (1); the left and right ends of the screw (16) are respectively connected to the guide rail (1) by a first bearing. The housing (12) is rotatably connected to the two support plates (17), the housing (12) is fixedly arranged on the right side of the upper end of the bed (11), the right end of the screw rod (16) is rotatably plugged into the left side wall of the housing (12) through a second bearing and extends into the housing (12), and the right end of the screw rod (16) is fixedly connected to the worm gear (15), the servo motor (13) is fixedly arranged in the housing (12), the output shaft of the servo motor (13) is fixedly connected to the worm gear (14), and the worm gear (14) is meshingly connected to the worm gear (15).

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