Carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment, printing method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment, a printing method and application. Through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guide assembly, the tensioning pulley is used for tensioning and expanding the carbon fiber bundle in the conveying process, the dipping surface between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry can be enlarged, the dipping time is prolonged, and the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry is greatly improved; meanwhile, due to the design of the composite material extrusion opening, when the carbon fiber bundles soaked with the ceramic slurry are discharged, the carbon fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry can be circumferentially extruded, the discharging speed of the carbon fiber bundles at the composite material extrusion opening can be reduced, and the flow speed of the ceramic slurry in the center of the bottom end of the printing head is reduced. Therefore, the friction force between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry is improved, the DIW forming efficiency and the mechanical property of the ceramic-based composite material are improved, and the service requirements of some aircrafts in the supernormal service environment can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive processing, and in particular to a novel carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, a printing method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hypersonic vehicles have complex lifting body shapes and are in an extraordinary service environment with high gas flow rates and strong particle scouring for a long time. For this extraordinary service environment, ceramic-based composite materials have become indispensable thermal protection structural materials in extraordinary environments due to their advantages such as light weight, excellent thermodynamic properties, and good anti-oxidation and ablation properties. In order to further meet the service needs of new hypersonic vehicles, it is crucial to develop and design ceramic materials with low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and long life structure-function integration characteristics.

[0003] Carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites have special application potential in the field of aerospace thermal structural materials due to their excellent thermodynamic properties. Carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites are currently generally extruded using the DIW (direct ink writing) process in 3D printing. The DIW process is based on short carbon fiber toughening, and the fracture toughness values ​​of the short carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites formed are generally low. Compared with short carbon fibers, although continuous carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites can overcome the problem of low fracture toughness values ​​caused by short carbon fibers to a certain extent, due to the uneven distribution of friction between the fiber bundles and the slurry during the DIW process, as well as insufficient impregnation between the continuous fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry, the prepared continuous carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites still have the problem of poor toughening effect.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention urgently needs to propose a 3D printing technology suitable for the molding of continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites to overcome the problem of poor toughening effect of the above-mentioned continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D printing device, printing method and application of a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material. The obtained continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material can achieve full impregnation of ceramic slurry into the interior of the continuous carbon fiber bundle, and can improve the friction between the fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, thereby improving the ceramic green embryo molding efficiency and the density and toughening mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite material, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device, comprising:

[0008] An impregnation assembly, comprising a slurry pool for holding ceramic slurry, wherein the slurry pool is provided with a fiber bundle inlet and a composite material extrusion outlet;

[0009] A fiber bundle conveying assembly, which is arranged outside the slurry pool and is used to continuously convey the carbon fiber bundle into the slurry pool through the fiber bundle inlet so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in the ceramic slurry;

[0010] A fiber bundle guiding assembly is arranged inside the slurry pool, and the fiber bundle guiding assembly includes a tensioning pulley, and the tensioning pulley is used to tension and convey the carbon fiber bundle to the composite material extrusion port;

[0011] The composite material printing assembly comprises a direct writing print head, which is connected with the composite material extrusion port and is used to receive the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded from the composite material extrusion port and print to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fiber bundle guiding assembly includes a plurality of tension pulleys arranged at intervals along a conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle, and any one of the tension pulleys is rotatably mounted in the slurry pool via a pulley mounting frame.

[0013] In some embodiments, the composite material extrusion ports and the fiber bundle delivery components are grouped in a one-to-one correspondence, and the slurry pool is provided with at least one group of the composite material extrusion ports and the fiber bundle delivery components;

[0014] A plurality of groups of fiber bundle guiding assemblies are arranged between each group of the composite material extrusion outlets and the fiber bundle conveying assemblies, and each group of the fiber bundle conveying assemblies can simultaneously convey a plurality of the carbon fiber bundles to the corresponding composite material extrusion outlets, and the carbon fiber bundles and the fiber bundle guiding assemblies are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and a plurality of the carbon fiber bundles are gathered to the composite material extrusion outlet through the fiber bundle guiding assemblies.

[0015] In some embodiments, any group of the fiber bundle delivery components includes:

[0016] A fiber bundle roller is rotatably mounted outside the slurry pool and is capable of delivering the carbon fiber bundles to the slurry pool individually; a plurality of the fiber bundle rollers are provided;

[0017] A traction device is arranged one-to-one with the fiber bundle rollers; the traction device includes a friction wheel 1, a friction wheel 2 and a rotary drive, the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 are both rotatably installed outside the slurry pool, the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 are arranged side by side, and a gap is left between the outer circumferential surfaces of the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 for a single fiber bundle roller to pass through, and the rotary drive is used to drive at least one of the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 to rotate, so as to traction and transport the carbon fiber bundle on the fiber bundle roller through rolling friction.

[0018] In some embodiments, in each group of the composite material extrusion port and the fiber bundle delivery component, the fiber bundle guide components are symmetrically distributed around the periphery of the composite material extrusion port;

[0019] Any group of the fiber bundle guiding assemblies comprises at least three tension pulleys, wherein two of the tension pulleys are respectively close to the fiber bundle inlet and the composite material extrusion outlet, and the two tension pulleys are both located on the side of the axis of the corresponding carbon fiber bundle away from the composite material extrusion outlet, and the remaining tension pulleys are all arranged between the two tension pulleys.

[0020] In some embodiments, an ultrasonic vibration rod is disposed on the slurry pool, and the ultrasonic vibration rod is used to ultrasonically vibrate the ceramic slurry.

[0021] In some embodiments, a heating device 1 is provided near the printing nozzle of the direct writing print head, and the heating device 1 is used to preheat the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic-based composite filament.

[0022] In some embodiments, the composite material printing assembly also includes a printing platform disposed below the printing nozzle of the direct write print head, the printing platform is used to receive the carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite filaments printed by the direct write print head, and a heating device 2 is provided on the printing platform, the minimum heating temperature of the heating device 2 is not lower than the maximum heating temperature of the heating device 1, and the heating device 2 is used to thermally cure the carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite filaments deposited on the printing platform.

[0023] The present invention provides a 3D printing method for carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite materials, which is implemented by using any one of the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing devices, and is characterized by comprising:

[0024] Continuously conveying the carbon fiber bundle into the slurry pool through the fiber bundle conveying assembly so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in the ceramic slurry;

[0025] The carbon fiber bundle is tensioned and delivered to the composite material extrusion port of the slurry tank through the fiber bundle guiding assembly;

[0026] The carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded from the composite material extrusion port is received by the direct writing print head, and is printed to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments.

[0027] The present invention proposes a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material produced by any one of the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing equipment, which is used for the application of aircraft preparation materials.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0029] The carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite 3D printing device proposed in the present invention has a novel and reasonable structure. Through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guide component, the tensioning pulley is used to tension and expand the carbon fiber bundle during its transmission, which can expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry and increase the impregnation time, greatly improving the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, so that the ceramic slurry can be fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle; at the same time, the design of the composite material extrusion port can circumferentially extrude the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry when the carbon fiber bundle impregnated with the ceramic slurry is discharged. This design can slow down the discharge speed of the carbon fiber bundle at the composite material extrusion port, reduce the flow rate of the ceramic slurry at the bottom center of the print head, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, which is beneficial to improving the DIW molding efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic-based composite material.

[0030] In some technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, the fiber bundle transmission component can transmit multiple carbon fiber bundles at the same time, thereby forming a design in which multiple fiber bundles correspond to a single composite material extrusion port, so that after the multiple fiber bundles are gathered at the composite material extrusion port, they are circumferentially extruded together with the ceramic slurry by the composite material extrusion port. This design can effectively slow down the discharge speed of the multiple fiber bundles at the composite material extrusion port, so that the flow rate of the ceramic slurry at the bottom center of the print head decreases, thereby improving the friction between the multiple fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry, which is beneficial to improving the DIW molding efficiency and material mechanical properties of the multi-fiber ceramic-based composite material. The present invention provides effective technical support for the rapid prototyping of high-performance ceramic-based composite materials with complex structures, and expands the application of 3D printing technology in ceramic-based composite materials.

[0031] The carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite 3D printing method proposed in the present invention utilizes a tension pulley to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry and increase the impregnation time during the printing process, thereby greatly improving the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, so that the ceramic slurry is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle; at the same time, based on the design of the composite material extrusion port, the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry can be circumferentially extruded when the carbon fiber bundle impregnated with the ceramic slurry is discharged. This design can slow down the discharge speed of the carbon fiber bundle at the composite material extrusion port, and reduce the flow rate of the ceramic slurry at the bottom center of the print head, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, which is beneficial to improving the DIW molding efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite material.

[0032] The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments printed by the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing equipment greatly improve the wettability between the carbon fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry, while improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry, and improving the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments are used as preparation materials for supersonic aircraft and can meet the service requirements of hypersonic aircraft in extraordinary service environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic front view of a 3D printing device for carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite materials disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A side view schematic diagram of a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic top view of a 3D printing device for carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite materials disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a structural front view of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention after removing the roller frame and the printing platform;

[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 5 AA section view;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a fiber bundle guiding assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 A front view of the assembly structure of the fiber bundle guiding assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 9 A working principle diagram of a single carbon fiber bundle of a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the carbon fiber bundle impregnation mechanism of the carbon fiber bundle guide assembly at the second tension pulley;

[0044] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the printing state of the direct writing print head disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.12 for Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at D in the middle.

[0046] In the figure, the reference numerals are:

[0047] 100. 3D printing equipment for carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites;

[0048] 1. Impregnation assembly; 11. Slurry tank; 12. Fiber bundle inlet; 13. Composite material extrusion outlet; 14. Ultrasonic vibration rod;

[0049] 2. Fiber bundle transmission assembly; 21. Fiber bundle roller; 22. Friction wheel 1; 23. Friction wheel 2; 24. Roller frame; 25. Traction device;

[0050] 3. Carbon fiber bundle;

[0051] 4. Ceramic slurry;

[0052] 5. Fiber bundle guide assembly; 51. Tension pulley 1; 52. Tension pulley 2; 53. Tension pulley 3; 54. Pulley mounting frame;

[0053] 6. Composite material printing assembly; 61. Direct writing print head; 62. Heating device 1; 63. Printing platform;

[0054] 7. Carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite;

[0055] 8. Carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a 3D printing device for carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite materials. The continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite materials produced by the 3D printing device can achieve full impregnation of ceramic slurry into the interior of the continuous carbon fiber bundle, and can improve the friction between the fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, thereby improving the ceramic green embryo molding efficiency and the density and toughening mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite material to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0058] Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing method implemented based on the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing equipment. The obtained continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material can achieve full impregnation of ceramic slurry into the interior of the continuous carbon fiber bundle, and can improve the friction between the fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, thereby improving the ceramic green embryo molding efficiency and the density and toughening mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite material to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0059] Another object of the present invention is to propose an application of a carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material produced by the above-mentioned carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing equipment as a material for preparing hypersonic aircraft.

[0060] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, this embodiment provides a carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, which mainly includes an impregnation component 1, a fiber bundle transmission component 2, a fiber bundle guiding component 5 and a composite material printing component 6. Among them, the impregnation component 1 includes a slurry pool 11 for holding ceramic slurry 4, and a fiber bundle inlet 12 and a composite material extrusion port 13 are provided on the slurry pool 11. Generally, the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion port 13 are distributed up and down; the fiber bundle transmission component 2 is arranged outside the slurry pool 11, and is mainly used to continuously transport the fiber bundle into the slurry pool 11 through the fiber bundle inlet 12. A carbon fiber bundle 3 is provided to immerse the carbon fiber bundle 3 in the ceramic slurry 4; a fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 is arranged inside the slurry pool 11, generally immersed in the ceramic slurry 4, and the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 includes a tensioning pulley, which is used to tension and convey the carbon fiber bundle 3 impregnated with the ceramic slurry 4 to the composite material extrusion port 13; the composite material printing assembly 6 includes a direct writing print head 61, which is connected to the composite material extrusion port 13, and is used to receive the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite 7 extruded from the composite material extrusion port 13, and print to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments 8. In the above scheme, through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5, the tensioning pulley is used to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increase the impregnation time, which greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, allowing the ceramic slurry 4 to be fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle 3; at the same time, the design of a single composite material extrusion port allows the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 to be circumferentially squeezed together by the composite material extrusion port. This design can reduce the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the bottom center of the print head, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, which is beneficial to improving the DIW molding efficiency and material mechanical properties of ceramic-based composite materials.

[0063] In some embodiments, Figure 6 to Figure 8As shown, the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 includes a plurality of tensioning pulleys arranged at intervals along the conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle 3, and any tensioning pulley is rotatably mounted in the slurry pool 11 through a pulley mounting frame 54, that is, the pulley mounting frame 54 is fixed in the slurry pool 11, and any tensioning pulley is rotatably mounted on the pulley mounting frame 54. In order to improve the tensioning effect of the carbon fiber bundle 3 and extend the conveying time and conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle 3 in the ceramic slurry 4, the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 is generally provided with at least three tensioning pulleys, wherein two tensioning pulleys are respectively close to the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion port 13, and the two tensioning pulleys are both located on the side of the axis of the corresponding carbon fiber bundle 3 away from the composite material extrusion port 13, and the remaining tensioning pulleys are all arranged between the above-mentioned two tensioning pulleys. After entering from the fiber bundle inlet 12, the carbon fiber bundle 3 passes through each tensioning pulley in turn and arrives at the composite material extrusion port 13, and is continuously conveyed to the direct writing print head 61 under the conveying action of the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 and the adsorption action of the direct writing print head 61 (the direct writing print head has its own functional attributes, and since the direct writing print head 61 is a mature product part, the specific printing principle will not be repeated here).

[0064] In some embodiments, the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 may be provided with three tensioning pulleys, which can not only meet the purpose of tensioning and improving the impregnation effect, but also simplify the structure compared with providing more than four tensioning pulleys. Figure 6 to Figure 8 As shown, the three tension pulleys of the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 are tension pulley 1 51, tension pulley 2 52 and tension pulley 3 53, respectively. Tension pulley 1 51, tension pulley 2 52 and tension pulley 3 53 are all rotatably mounted on the pulley mounting frame 54 through pulley pins, and tension pulley 1 51, tension pulley 2 52 and tension pulley 3 53 are sequentially arranged along the conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle 3. Among them, tension pulley 1 51 and tension pulley 3 53 are arranged close to the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion outlet 13, respectively. In order to avoid interference with the fiber bundle inlet and outlet, it is preferred that tension pulley 1 51 and tension pulley 3 53 are respectively located at the peripheral positions of the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion outlet 13. In order to extend the impregnation path and duration of the carbon fiber bundle 3, the tensioning pulley 2 52 is laterally staggered with the tensioning pulley 1 51 and the tensioning pulley 3 53, so that the carbon fiber bundle 3 entering the slurry pool 11 is tensioned in a "V" shape.

[0065] In some embodiments, based on the three-point arrangement of the tension pulley 1 51, the tension pulley 2 52 and the tension pulley 3 53, the pulley mounting frame 54 is preferably set as a tripod structure, and the tension pulley 1 51, the tension pulley 2 52 and the tension pulley 3 53 are rotatably mounted at three fixed positions of the tripod structure respectively. The shape of the tripod structure is not limited to a regular isosceles triangle or a right triangle, and a triangle structure with any side length can be used. Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the pulley mounting frame 54 adopting an isosceles triangle frame structure, the bottom side of which is arranged vertically, and the tensioning pulley 1 51 and the tensioning pulley 3 53 are respectively installed at the two corners corresponding to the bottom side, and the pulley mounting frame 54 is respectively fixed to the top and the bottom of the slurry pool 11 through the two ends of its bottom side. The fixing method of the pulley mounting frame 54 and the slurry pool 11 is preferably a detachable fixed connection method, such as a bolt connection.

[0066] In some embodiments, the composite material extrusion port 13 and the fiber bundle delivery assembly 2 are generally grouped in a one-to-one correspondence, that is, the composite material extrusion port 13 is configured with a fiber bundle delivery assembly 2 specifically for supplying the carbon fiber bundle 3. On the same slurry pool 11, at least one group of the above-mentioned composite material extrusion port 13 and fiber bundle delivery assembly 2 can be configured. In particular, when more than two groups of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle delivery assemblies 2 are provided, the printing process of multiple carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite filaments 8 can be realized, which is beneficial to improve production capacity. It should be noted that the composite material extrusion port 13 and the fiber bundle delivery assembly 2 are grouped in a one-to-one correspondence, which means that on the slurry pool 11, the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion port 13 are also one-to-one corresponding from top to bottom. As Figures 1 to 9 The figures are schematic diagrams of the structure of the slurry pool 11 configured with a single set of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle delivery components 2. In practical applications, the number of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle delivery components 2 configured on the slurry pool 11 can be flexibly adjusted according to processing requirements. When the number of groups increases, it is only necessary to increase the volume of the slurry pool 11 and configure a corresponding number of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle delivery components 2 therein. The following is an example of a single set of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle delivery components 2:

[0067] like Figures 5 to 9 As shown, multiple groups of the aforementioned fiber bundle guiding components 5 are arranged between each group of composite material extrusion outlets 13 and the fiber bundle conveying components 2, and each group of fiber bundle conveying components 2 can simultaneously convey multiple carbon fiber bundles 3 to the corresponding composite material extrusion outlets 13, and the carbon fiber bundles 3 and the fiber bundle guiding components 5 are arranged one by one, and multiple carbon fiber bundles 3 are collected to the composite material extrusion outlet 13 through the fiber bundle guiding components 5. The composite material extrusion outlet 13 generally adopts a closing structure, which is conducive to the effective extrusion of the carbon fiber bundles 3 introduced by each fiber bundle guiding component 5.

[0068] In some embodiments, Figures 1 to 8 As shown, any group of fiber bundle conveying components 2 includes a fiber bundle roller 21 and a traction device 25. A plurality of fiber bundle rollers 21 are provided. Any fiber bundle roller 21 is rotatably installed outside the slurry pool 11 and can convey a single carbon fiber bundle 3 to the slurry pool 11. Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a roller frame 24 is provided on the top of the slurry pool 11, and each fiber bundle roller 21 of the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is rotatably mounted on the roller frame 24. Generally, it is preferred that each fiber bundle roller 21 in the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is arranged one-to-one with the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5. In terms of installation orientation, it is preferred that the fiber bundle roller 21 and the corresponding fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 are arranged up and down. The aforementioned traction device 25 is also arranged one-to-one with the fiber bundle roller 21 to ensure the independent controllability of the conveying of each carbon fiber bundle 3. Specifically, as Fig. 9 As shown, the traction device 25 includes a friction wheel 1 22, a friction wheel 23 and a rotary drive. The friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 23 are both rotatably installed outside the slurry pool 11. The friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 23 are arranged side by side, and a gap is left between the outer circumferential surfaces of the friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 23 for a single fiber bundle roller 21 to pass through. The rotary drive is used to drive at least one of the friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 23 to rotate, so as to pull the carbon fiber bundle 3 on the fiber bundle roller 21 through rolling friction.

[0069] In some embodiments, Figure 1-2 As shown, the traction device 25 is also equipped with a shell, which is fixed to the top of the slurry pool 11. The friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 2 23 are both rotatably installed inside the shell. The rotation drive is preferably a motor. The friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 2 23 are respectively connected to a motor. The two motors cooperate to drive the friction wheel 1 22 and the friction wheel 2 23 according to Fig. 9 The traction device 25 rotates synchronously in the direction shown to achieve the traction and transmission of the carbon fiber bundle 3. The shell of the traction device 25 mainly plays the role of dust prevention and providing installation support.

[0070] In some embodiments, in each group of composite material extrusion outlet 13 and fiber bundle delivery assembly 2, the fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 are symmetrically distributed on the periphery of the composite material extrusion outlet 13. Taking the above-mentioned fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 as an example, three groups of fiber bundle rollers 21 in the fiber bundle delivery assembly 2 are also correspondingly provided, and the fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 and the three groups of fiber bundle rollers 21 are centered on the central axis of the composite material extrusion outlet 13 and are evenly distributed along the periphery of the composite material extrusion outlet 13, that is, the angle between each adjacent fiber bundle roller 21 and each adjacent fiber bundle guide assembly 5 is 120°.

[0071] In some embodiments, the installation heights of the fiber bundle rollers 21 are consistent, and the carbon fiber bundles 3 wound on the fiber bundle rollers 21 are mainly used for toughening the material. The specific usable material of the carbon fiber bundles 3 is at least one of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers T300-1K, T300-3K, and T800HB-6K (Toray, Japan).

[0072] It should be noted that a necessary condition for printing continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites is that the ceramic slurry 4 must exhibit shear-thinning rheological properties. The ceramic slurry 4 is required to have performance characteristics such as high solid content and low viscosity to achieve the laying of continuous fiber composite filaments and maintain the initial model shape. Specifically: the ceramic slurry 4 can be at least one of silicon carbide (SiC) and ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC, including carbide UHTC and boride UHTC). Among them, carbide UHTC is boron carbide (B 4 C), zirconium carbide (ZrC), hafnium carbide (HfC), tantalum carbide (TaC); the boride UHTC is zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ), Hafnium diboride (HfB 2 ), Tantalum diboride (TaB 2 ) at least one of.

[0073] In some embodiments, the slurry pool 11 is preferably a vertically arranged cylindrical slurry pool, and the aforementioned fiber bundle inlet 12 and composite material extrusion port 13 are respectively opened at the axial ends of the cylindrical slurry pool. At the same time, it is preferred that the fiber bundle inlet 12, the composite material extrusion port 13 and the cylindrical slurry pool are all coaxially arranged.

[0074] In some embodiments, the slurry pool 11 is further provided with an ultrasonic vibrator 14, which is used to ultrasonically vibrate the ceramic slurry 4. The ultrasonic vibrator 14 can be a torpedo-type ultrasonic vibrator. Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, six ultrasonic vibrating rods 14 can be provided, and the six ultrasonic vibrating rods 14 are arranged in groups of two, and three groups of ultrasonic vibrating rods 14 are evenly arranged along the outer circumference of the cylindrical slurry pool, and the three groups of ultrasonic vibrating rods 14 correspond to the three groups of fiber bundle guide components 5 one by one. Fig. 9 As shown, in the fiber bundle guide assembly 5, the diameter of the middle tension pulley 2 52 is larger than that of the tension pulley 1 51 and the tension pulley 3 53. The tension pulley 1 51 and the tension pulley 3 53 have the same diameter. The diameter of the tension pulley 2 52 is generally preferably more than twice the diameter of the tension pulley 1 51. The two ultrasonic vibration rods 14 in each group of ultrasonic vibration rods 14 are symmetrically distributed above and below the tension pulley 2 52. Each ultrasonic vibration rod 14 penetrates the side wall of the slurry pool 11, and the emission end faces the corresponding tension pulley 2 52. Fig. 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the fiber bundle roller 21 corresponds to a group of fiber bundle guiding components 5 and two symmetrically arranged ultrasonic vibrating rods 14, and the three are in the same plane (longitude). Correspondingly, each group of traction devices 25 and the corresponding fiber bundle roller 21 are also in the same plane (longitude).

[0075] It should be noted that if Fig. 9 and Fig.10As shown, in each group of fiber bundle guiding assemblies 5, the diameter size ratio and relative position relationship of tensioning pulley 2 52, tensioning pulley 1 51 and tensioning pulley 3 53 should ensure that the wetting angle θ between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 on tensioning pulley 2 52 should be less than 90°, which is beneficial to the transportation of fiber filaments and the good infiltration between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4.

[0076] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the direct writing print head 61 is enlarged by a certain ratio compared to the inner diameter of the print head toughened with a single fiber bundle, so as to ensure smooth extrusion of the multi-fiber bundle composite filament.

[0077] In some embodiments, a heating device 62 is provided near the printing nozzle of the direct writing print head 61, and the heating device 62 is used to preheat the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite filament 8. The heating device 62 uses a common finished product such as a heating rod, and generally heats when powered on. The basic principle is resistance wire heating, and the heating temperature is relatively low. It mainly plays the role of preheating the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite filament 8, so that the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite filament 8 can be extruded from the nozzle of the direct writing print head 61 and adhered to the printing platform 63, or to the material printed on the previous layer. The heating device 62 is generally embedded in the tube wall of the direct writing print head 61.

[0078] In some embodiments, the composite material printing assembly 6 also includes a printing platform 63 disposed below the printing nozzle of the direct writing print head 61, the printing platform 63 is used to receive the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 printed by the direct writing print head 61, and a heating device 2 is disposed on the printing platform 63, the minimum heating temperature of the heating device 2 is not lower than the maximum heating temperature of the heating device 1 62, and the heating device 2 is used to perform thermal curing molding on the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 deposited on the printing platform 63 to prevent the printed material from warping. The heating device 2 can use a common finished product such as a heating rod, which is generally heated by powering on, and the basic principle is resistance wire heating, and the heating temperature is higher than that of the heating device 1 62.

[0079] In some embodiments, a printing control system can also be configured in the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device 100, and the traction device 25, ultrasonic vibrator 14, direct writing print head 61, heating device 1 62 and heating device 2 of the aforementioned fiber bundle transmission component 2 are all connected to the printing control system in communication, and the printing control system can automatically control the operating status of the above components, thereby realizing the intelligent printing of the entire printing device. Specifically: the above printing control system can be composed of three parts: the slice printing software adapted thereto, the hardware main control board circuit and the controlled mechanical motion platform. The slice printing software and the hardware main control board circuit are connected by a USB cable for serial communication; the hardware main control board circuit converts the command sent by the slice printing software into a specific control signal, and then converts the digital signal into a corresponding electrical signal to control the motor drive, heating resistor and other modules to complete the fiber transmission control, the print head and the printing platform heating control and the entire printing process.

[0080] The printing process and printing principle of the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device 100 are as follows:

[0081] The traction device 25 pulls the carbon fiber bundle 3, and the multiple carbon fiber bundles 3 are sent into the slurry pool 11, and are guided by the corresponding fiber bundle guide components 5 respectively. Finally, the multiple carbon fiber bundles 3 are gathered to the composite material extrusion port 13 with a certain diameter and pulled out by the direct writing print head 61. The composite material extrusion port 13 has a peripheral extrusion effect on the multiple carbon fiber bundles 3. When the carbon fiber bundle 3 interacts with each tension pulley in the fiber bundle guide component 5, the fiber-ceramic impregnation process occurs. At the same time, the high-frequency oscillation generated by the ultrasonic vibration rod 14 emitting ultrasonic waves can accelerate the flow of the ceramic slurry 4, reduce its surface tension, and stretch the monofilaments contained in the carbon fiber bundle 3 as much as possible, so that the diffused flowing ceramic slurry 4 can be fully impregnated into the interior of the carbon fiber bundle 3. The fiber bundle guide component 5 with a specific structure expands the contact surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increases the contact time, which greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4. The multi-fiber bundle carbon fiber filaments (i.e., carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite 7) impregnated with ceramic slurry 4 are laid on the heated printing platform 63 through the direct writing print head 61. The heating device 62 at the printing nozzle of the direct writing print head 61 preheats it first. When the printed carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments 8 contact the heated printing platform 63, they will be quickly solidified under the heating action of the heating device 2. After the first layer of the printing platform 63 is printed, the direct writing print head 61 can rise to the thickness of one layer under the action of the relevant lifting device (the conventional design of 3D printing technology, such as a lifting slide, a robotic arm, etc.), and continue to lay the next layer according to the printing instructions of the printing control system until the program code ends and the ceramic matrix composite embryo is printed.

[0082] In summary, the above-mentioned carbon fiber reinforced ceramic-based composite material 3D printing device 100 is essentially a 3D printing device for multi-fiber bundle continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite materials based on ink direct writing molding. Through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guide component 5, the tensioning pulley is used to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increase the impregnation time, which greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, so that the ceramic slurry 4 is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle 3; at the same time, the design of multiple fiber bundles corresponding to a single composite material extrusion port can make the multiple fiber bundles converge at the composite material extrusion port and be circumferentially squeezed by the composite material extrusion port together with the ceramic slurry 4. This design can reduce the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the bottom center of the print head, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, which is beneficial to improving the DIW molding efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic-based composite material. The above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite 3D printing device 100 has a reasonable structural design and can realize continuous high-precision printing of multi-carbon fiber bundle toughened ceramic-based composites, providing effective technical support for the rapid prototyping of complex structure high-performance ceramic-based composites, and expanding the application of 3D printing technology in ceramic-based composites.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment proposes a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing method, which is implemented by using the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 of embodiment 1, including: continuously conveying carbon fiber bundles 3 into the slurry pool 11 through the fiber bundle conveying component 2, so that the carbon fiber bundles 3 are immersed in the ceramic slurry 4; tensioning and conveying the carbon fiber bundles 3 to the composite material extrusion port 13 of the slurry pool 11 through the fiber bundle guiding component 5; receiving the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite 7 extruded from the composite material extrusion port through the direct writing print head 61, and printing to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments 8. The specific control process of the direct writing print head 61 is as follows:

[0085] 1) Draw a three-dimensional solid model and save it in STL format, use slicing software matched with the direct writing print head 61 to slice the three-dimensional model in STL format, set printing parameters, and save the acquired position information and material information data in the form of G code;

[0086] 2) The printer system connected to the direct writing print head 61 controls the X, Y, and Z moving axes to move the direct writing print head 61 to a designated position by identifying the data code containing the material information;

[0087] 3) The printer system inputs printing instructions according to the slicing information and printing parameter information of the three-dimensional model, and the direct writing print head 61 can print the multi-fiber bundle continuous fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material.

[0088] like Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 formed by printing is a multi-fiber ceramic matrix composite material. Fig.12 The dot structure in the figure is the ceramic matrix 4. Fig.12 From this enlarged structural diagram, it can be seen that in the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 printed by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device 100, the carbon fiber bundle 3 has good wettability with the ceramic slurry 4, and the ceramic slurry 4 is evenly distributed in the carbon fiber bundle 3.

[0089] It should be noted that a necessary condition for printing continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites is that the ceramic slurry 4 must exhibit shear-thinning rheological properties. The ceramic slurry 4 is required to have performance characteristics such as high solid content and low viscosity to achieve the laying of continuous fiber composite filaments and maintain the initial model shape. Specifically: the ceramic slurry 4 can be at least one of silicon carbide (SiC) and ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC, including carbide UHTC and boride UHTC). Among them, carbide UHTC is boron carbide (B 4 C), zirconium carbide (ZrC), hafnium carbide (HfC); the boride UHTC is zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ), Hafnium diboride (HfB 2 ), Tantalum diboride (TaB 2 ) at least one of.

[0090] In the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite 3D printing method, during the printing process, a tensioning pulley is used to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increase the impregnation time, which greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, so that the ceramic slurry 4 is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle 3; at the same time, based on the design of multiple fiber bundles corresponding to a single composite material extrusion port in the carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite 3D printing device 100, the multiple fiber bundles can be gathered at the composite material extrusion port and then circumferentially squeezed together with the ceramic slurry 4 by the composite material extrusion port. This design can reduce the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the bottom center of the print head, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, which is beneficial to improving the DIW molding efficiency and material mechanical properties of ceramic-based composite materials, and provides effective technical support for the rapid prototyping of high-performance ceramic-based composite materials with complex structures, and expands the application of 3D printing technology in ceramic-based composite materials.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This embodiment proposes the use of a carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite material produced by the carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite material 3D printing device 100 of Embodiment 1, namely, a carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite filament 8, as a material for preparing an aircraft. The aircraft is generally a new generation of aircraft, such as a hypersonic aircraft.

[0093] The carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite filament 8 printed by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4. At the same time, due to the circumferential extrusion of the composite material extrusion port, the flow velocity of the ceramic slurry 4 at the bottom center of the print head decreases, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, and improving the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8, which can meet the service requirements of hypersonic aircraft in extraordinary service environments.

[0094] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. drawn in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0095] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, characterized in that: include: An impregnation assembly, comprising a slurry pool for holding ceramic slurry, wherein the slurry pool is provided with a fiber bundle inlet and a composite material extrusion outlet; A fiber bundle conveying assembly, which is arranged outside the slurry pool and is used to continuously convey the carbon fiber bundle into the slurry pool through the fiber bundle inlet so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in the ceramic slurry; A fiber bundle guiding assembly is arranged inside the slurry pool, and the fiber bundle guiding assembly includes a tensioning pulley, and the tensioning pulley is used to tension and convey the carbon fiber bundle to the composite material extrusion port; The composite material printing assembly comprises a direct writing print head, which is connected with the composite material extrusion port and is used to receive the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded from the composite material extrusion port and print to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments.

2. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber bundle guiding assembly comprises a plurality of tension pulleys arranged at intervals along the conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle, and any one of the tension pulleys is rotatably mounted in the slurry pool via a pulley mounting frame.

3. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite material extrusion ports and the fiber bundle delivery components are grouped in a one-to-one correspondence, and the slurry pool is provided with at least one group of the composite material extrusion ports and the fiber bundle delivery components; A plurality of groups of fiber bundle guiding assemblies are arranged between each group of the composite material extrusion outlets and the fiber bundle conveying assemblies, and each group of the fiber bundle conveying assemblies can simultaneously convey a plurality of the carbon fiber bundles to the corresponding composite material extrusion outlets, and the carbon fiber bundles and the fiber bundle guiding assemblies are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and a plurality of the carbon fiber bundles are gathered to the composite material extrusion outlet through the fiber bundle guiding assemblies.

4. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Any group of the fiber bundle delivery components comprises: A fiber bundle roller is rotatably mounted outside the slurry pool and is capable of delivering the carbon fiber bundles to the slurry pool individually; a plurality of the fiber bundle rollers are provided; A traction device is arranged one-to-one with the fiber bundle rollers; the traction device includes a friction wheel 1, a friction wheel 2 and a rotary drive, the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 are both rotatably installed outside the slurry pool, the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 are arranged side by side, and a gap is left between the outer circumferential surfaces of the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 for a single fiber bundle roller to pass through, and the rotary drive is used to drive at least one of the friction wheel 1 and the friction wheel 2 to rotate, so as to traction and transport the carbon fiber bundle on the fiber bundle roller through rolling friction.

5. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: In each group of the composite material extrusion port and the fiber bundle conveying component, the fiber bundle guiding components are symmetrically distributed on the periphery of the composite material extrusion port; Any group of the fiber bundle guiding assemblies comprises at least three tension pulleys, wherein two of the tension pulleys are respectively close to the fiber bundle inlet and the composite material extrusion outlet, and the two tension pulleys are both located on the side of the axis of the corresponding carbon fiber bundle away from the composite material extrusion outlet, and the remaining tension pulleys are all arranged between the two tension pulleys.

6. The carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The slurry pool is provided with an ultrasonic vibration rod, and the ultrasonic vibration rod is used for ultrasonically vibrating the ceramic slurry.

7. The carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A heating device 1 is arranged near the printing nozzle of the direct writing print head, and the heating device 1 is used for preheating the carbon fiber toughened ceramic-based composite filament.

8. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The composite material printing assembly also includes a printing platform arranged below the printing nozzle of the direct writing print head, the printing platform is used to receive the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite filaments printed by the direct writing print head, and a heating device 2 is arranged on the printing platform, the minimum heating temperature of the heating device 2 is not lower than the maximum heating temperature of the heating device 1, and the heating device 2 is used to thermally cure the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite filaments deposited on the printing platform.

9. A method for 3D printing of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite materials, implemented by using the carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composite material 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Continuously conveying the carbon fiber bundle into the slurry pool through the fiber bundle conveying assembly so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in the ceramic slurry; The carbon fiber bundle is tensioned and delivered to the composite material extrusion port of the slurry tank through the fiber bundle guiding assembly; The carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded from the composite material extrusion port is received by the direct writing print head, and is printed to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments.

10. A carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material produced by the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material 3D printing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and used in the preparation of aircraft materials.

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