A multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydraulic buffering technology, and discloses a multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffering device and method, including a buffer base, a liquid chamber bellows, an air chamber bellows, a buffer piston, and a pressure-bearing outer cylinder; the buffer base, liquid chamber bellows, and buffer piston form a secondary buffering chamber; the buffer piston and pressure-bearing outer cylinder form a primary buffering chamber; the buffer base, air chamber bellows, and buffer piston form a tertiary buffering chamber; and the buffer base and air chamber bellows form a buffer air chamber; the buffer piston is provided with multiple variable cross-section grooves and throttling orifices. This invention utilizes variable cross-section grooves and buffer air chambers to effectively reduce the pressure pulse generated by the medium when the buffering device enters the buffering stage, improving the overall lifespan of the device; and utilizes variable cross-section grooves, throttling orifices, and buffer air chambers to effectively achieve redundant buffering, improving the reliability of the buffering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic buffering technology, specifically, to a multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffering device and method. Background Technology

[0002] As an actuator that performs linear reciprocating motion, hydraulic cylinders are prone to violent impacts between the piston and the bottom of the cylinder when moving at high speed to the end. This not only causes abnormal noise and vibration but also damages other components of the hydraulic system, significantly affecting its lifespan and safety. Therefore, the development of hydraulic end-effector buffer devices has attracted much attention. These devices primarily convert the mechanical energy of moving parts into liquid heat energy for release, thereby extending the lifespan of the hydraulic device and improving its safety.

[0003] Currently, traditional hydraulic buffer devices mainly fall into the following categories: hydraulic buffers, rubber buffers, spring buffers, and pneumatic buffers. These buffer devices offer only a single buffering method, have poor buffering effect, generate large instantaneous pressure pulses, and, due to internal space limitations, often result in numerous mechanical structures. Furthermore, in practical applications, the buffering effect is sometimes insufficient, requiring disassembly, repair, assembly, and debugging, leading to complex operation, low efficiency, and difficult maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device and method, which solves the problems of existing buffer devices having a single buffering method and large instantaneous pressure pulses that damage components during buffering.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device, comprising a buffer base, a liquid-cavity bellows, an air-cavity bellows, a buffer piston, and a pressure-bearing outer cylinder; the liquid-cavity bellows, air-cavity bellows, and buffer piston are all mounted on the buffer base, the pressure-bearing outer cylinder is mounted on the liquid-cavity bellows, and the buffer piston is slidably connected to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder; the buffer base, liquid-cavity bellows, and buffer piston form a secondary buffer chamber, the buffer piston and pressure-bearing outer cylinder form a primary buffer chamber, the buffer base, air-cavity bellows, and buffer piston form a tertiary buffer chamber, and the buffer base and air-cavity bellows form a buffer air chamber.

[0006] The buffer base is equipped with a buffer chamber check valve and a buffer gas chamber check valve. The buffer chamber check valve is located on the tertiary buffer chamber, and the buffer gas chamber check valve is located on the buffer gas chamber. The buffer piston is provided with multiple variable cross-section grooves and throttling orifices. The secondary buffer chamber and the tertiary buffer chamber are connected through the throttling orifices, and the secondary buffer chamber and the primary buffer chamber are connected through the variable cross-section grooves. The cross-sectional area of ​​the variable cross-section groove at the end closer to the primary buffer chamber is larger than the cross-sectional area at the end farther from the primary buffer chamber.

[0007] To better realize the present invention, the variable cross-section grooves are further distributed in an equidistant circular array on the circumferential wall surface of the buffer piston.

[0008] To better realize the present invention, the liquid cavity bellows, the gas cavity bellows, the buffer piston, and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder are further arranged coaxially.

[0009] To better realize the present invention, a fourth sealing group is further provided between the liquid cavity bellows and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder, a first sealing group is provided between the buffer base and the liquid cavity bellows, a sealing smooth surface is provided on the buffer piston, a second sealing group is provided between the buffer base and the buffer piston, the second sealing group is located on the sealing smooth surface, and a third sealing group is provided between the buffer base and the air cavity bellows.

[0010] To better realize the present invention, the liquid cavity bellows is further connected to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder by a third thread, the buffer piston is provided with a connecting thread, the buffer base is connected to the connecting thread by a first thread, the buffer base is connected to the air cavity bellows by a second thread, and the buffer base and the liquid cavity bellows are connected by flange bolts and flange nuts.

[0011] To better realize the present invention, the buffer chamber check valve and the buffer gas chamber check valve have the same structure, both consisting of a retaining ring, a locking nut, a fifth sealing group, a movable slider, a driving spring, a fixed slider, and an oil inlet passage; the movable slider and the fixed slider are slidably connected to the buffer base, the retaining ring is installed on the buffer base and limits the fixed slider, the locking nut is threadedly connected to the buffer base and limits the movable slider, the oil inlet passage is set on the fixed slider, the driving spring is set between the movable slider and the fixed slider, and a fifth sealing group is set between the movable slider and the locking nut.

[0012] A multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer method includes the following steps:

[0013] A. Nitrogen gas is injected into the buffer gas chamber through the one-way valve of the buffer gas chamber, so that the buffer gas chamber has the required pressure; oil is injected into the third-stage buffer chamber through the one-way valve of the buffer chamber, so that the third-stage buffer chamber, the second-stage buffer chamber, and the first-stage buffer chamber are filled with oil in sequence. At this time, the pressure-bearing outer cylinder is in a state away from the buffer piston.

[0014] B. When an external pressure impact is applied to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder, the outer cylinder moves closer to the buffer base, causing the volume of the primary buffer chamber to decrease. Oil in the primary buffer chamber begins to enter the secondary buffer chamber from the variable cross-section groove, achieving primary buffering. Because the pressure-bearing outer cylinder drives the liquid chamber bellows, the bellows begins to deform, reducing the volume of the secondary buffer chamber. Oil in the secondary buffer chamber enters the tertiary buffer chamber through the throttling orifice, achieving secondary buffering. Due to the entry of oil into the tertiary buffer chamber, its volume increases, causing the gas chamber bellows to deform. The volume of the buffer gas chamber begins to decrease accordingly, compressing the nitrogen in the buffer gas chamber, achieving tertiary buffering.

[0015] C. When the external pressure impact is removed, the buffer air chamber begins to expand under the action of air pressure, and the oil returns along the original path. At this time, the third-stage buffer chamber begins to decrease, while the second-stage and first-stage buffer chambers begin to increase, and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder resets.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention utilizes a variable cross-section groove and a buffer air chamber to effectively reduce the pressure pulse generated by the medium when the buffer device enters the buffer stage, thereby improving the overall lifespan of the device.

[0018] (2) The present invention utilizes a variable cross-section groove, a throttling orifice, and a buffer air chamber to effectively achieve redundant buffering and improve the reliability of buffering;

[0019] (3) The primary buffer chamber, secondary buffer chamber, tertiary buffer chamber and buffer gas chamber of the present invention are all closed chambers to prevent excess material caused by the alternation of internal and external media, and realize media maintenance without replacement;

[0020] (4) This device can be used as an external buffer to achieve end buffering for different hydraulic telescopic devices. It is easy to install and operate. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a buffer piston structure.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the buffer chamber check valve and the buffer gas chamber check valve.

[0024] Wherein: 10-Flange bolt; 11-Buffer base; 12-Flange nut; 13-First sealing group; 14-Buffer chamber check valve; 15-Second sealing group; 16-First threaded fit; 17-Third sealing group; 18-Buffer gas chamber check valve; 19-Second threaded fit; 20-Liquid chamber bellows; 21-Gas chamber bellows; 22-Buffer piston; 23-Fourth sealing group; 24-Third threaded fit; 25-Pressure-bearing outer cylinder; 26-First-stage buffer chamber; 27-Second-stage buffer chamber; 28-Third-stage buffer chamber; 29-Buffer gas chamber; 30-Snap ring; 31-Locking nut; 32-Fifth sealing group; 33-Moving slider; 34-Drive spring; 35-Fixed slider; 36-Oil inlet gas passage; 221-Variable cross-section groove; 222-Throttle orifice; 223-Connecting thread; 224-Sealing smooth surface. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] This embodiment provides a multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device, specifically as follows: Figures 1-2As shown, the system includes a buffer base 11, a liquid-cavity bellows 20, a gas-cavity bellows 21, a buffer piston 22, and a pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25. The liquid-cavity bellows 20, gas-cavity bellows 21, and buffer piston 22 are all mounted on the buffer base 11, and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 is mounted on the liquid-cavity bellows 20. The buffer piston 22 is slidably connected to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25. The buffer base 11, liquid-cavity bellows 20, and buffer piston 22 form a secondary buffer chamber 27; the buffer piston 22 and pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 form a primary buffer chamber 26; and the buffer base 11, gas-cavity bellows 21, and buffer piston 22 form a tertiary buffer chamber 28. The bellows 21 form a buffer air chamber 29; the buffer base 11 is equipped with a buffer chamber check valve 14 and a buffer air chamber check valve 18. The buffer chamber check valve 14 is located on the tertiary buffer chamber 28, and the buffer air chamber check valve 18 is located on the buffer air chamber 29; the buffer piston 22 is provided with multiple variable cross-section grooves 221 and throttling orifices 222. The secondary buffer chamber 27 and the tertiary buffer chamber 28 are connected through the throttling orifices 222, and the secondary buffer chamber 27 and the primary buffer chamber 26 are connected through the variable cross-section grooves 221; the cross-sectional area of ​​the variable cross-section groove 221 at the end closer to the primary buffer chamber 26 is larger than the cross-sectional area at the end farther from the primary buffer chamber 26.

[0029] Based on the above device, a multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0030] A. The operator injects nitrogen into the buffer gas chamber 29 through the buffer gas chamber one-way valve 18 to make the buffer gas chamber 29 have the required pressure; and injects oil into the third-stage buffer chamber 28 through the buffer chamber one-way valve 14, so that the third-stage buffer chamber 28, the second-stage buffer chamber 27, and the first-stage buffer chamber 26 are filled with oil in sequence. At this time, the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 is in a state away from the buffer piston 22.

[0031] B. External pressure is applied to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 using an external mechanism. Under this pressure, the outer cylinder 25 moves closer to the buffer base 11, causing the volume of the primary buffer chamber 26 to decrease. Oil in the primary buffer chamber 26 then begins to flow from the variable cross-section groove 221 into the secondary buffer chamber 27, achieving primary buffering. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the variable cross-section groove 221 changes linearly, the oil passage gradually narrows as the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 moves, increasing the resistance to oil flow. This gradually enhances the buffering performance while preventing sudden speed drops. Pressure pulse; as the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 moves, it also drives the liquid cavity bellows 20, causing the liquid cavity bellows 20 to deform. The volume of the secondary buffer chamber 27 decreases, and the oil in the secondary buffer chamber 27 enters the tertiary buffer chamber 28 through the throttle orifice 222, achieving secondary buffering. Due to the entry of oil into the tertiary buffer chamber 28, the volume of the tertiary buffer chamber 28 gradually increases, causing the gas cavity bellows 21 to deform. The volume of the buffer gas chamber 29 begins to shrink accordingly, and the nitrogen in the buffer gas chamber 29 is compressed, achieving tertiary buffering.

[0032] C. When the external pressure impact is removed, the buffer air chamber 29 begins to expand under the action of air pressure, and the oil returns along the original path. At this time, the third-level buffer chamber 28 begins to decrease, the second-level buffer chamber 27 and the first-level buffer chamber 26 begin to increase, and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 is reset.

[0033] Through the above configuration, the pressure pulse generated by the medium when the buffer device enters the buffering stage is effectively reduced by utilizing the variable cross-section groove 221 and the buffer air chamber 29; the variable cross-section groove 221, the throttling orifice 222, and the buffer air chamber 29 effectively achieve redundant buffering and improve the reliability of the buffer; the primary buffer chamber 26, the secondary buffer chamber 27, the tertiary buffer chamber 28, and the buffer air chamber 29 are all closed cavities, preventing excess material from the alternation of internal and external media, and achieving media maintenance-free operation; moreover, this device can be used as an external buffer to achieve end buffering for different hydraulic telescopic devices, and is easy to install and operate.

[0034] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] This embodiment further defines the position of the variable cross-section groove 221 based on the above embodiment, specifically as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the variable cross-section grooves 221 are distributed in an equidistant circular array on the circumferential wall of the buffer piston 22.

[0037] By uniformly distributing the variable cross-section grooves 221, the oil can flow evenly from the variable cross-section grooves 221 into the secondary buffer chamber 27 when the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 is under pressure, so that the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 is subjected to uniform force, preventing the torque from deviating from the axis due to the uneven setting of the variable cross-section grooves 221, thereby increasing wear.

[0038] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0039] Example 3:

[0040] This embodiment further defines the above embodiments, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the liquid-cavity bellows 20, the gas-cavity bellows 21, the buffer piston 22, and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 are coaxially arranged.

[0041] This configuration ensures that the secondary buffer chamber 27 uniformly surrounds the buffer piston 22, and the tertiary buffer chamber 28 uniformly surrounds the buffer gas chamber 29. When the volumes of the secondary buffer chamber 27 and the buffer gas chamber 29 change, the deformation of the liquid chamber bellows 20 and the gas chamber bellows 21 is uniform, preventing stress concentration caused by excessive local deformation of the liquid chamber bellows 20 and the gas chamber bellows 21, which would reduce their lifespan.

[0042] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0043] Example 4:

[0044] This embodiment further defines the above embodiments, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a fourth sealing group 23 is provided between the liquid cavity bellows 20 and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25, a first sealing group 13 is provided between the buffer base 11 and the liquid cavity bellows 20, a sealing smooth surface 224 is provided on the buffer piston 22, a second sealing group 15 is provided between the buffer base 11 and the buffer piston 22, the second sealing group 15 is located on the sealing smooth surface 224, and a third sealing group 17 is provided between the buffer base 11 and the air cavity bellows 21.

[0045] The above settings improve the sealing performance of the primary buffer chamber 26, secondary buffer chamber 27, tertiary buffer chamber 28, and buffer gas chamber 29. On the one hand, this prevents external media from entering the interior, which would increase the maintenance frequency. On the other hand, it further improves the sealing degree of the primary buffer chamber 26, secondary buffer chamber 27, tertiary buffer chamber 28, and buffer gas chamber 29, preventing uncontrollable pressure leakage during the buffering stage, which could lead to buffer failure.

[0046] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0047] Example 5:

[0048] This embodiment further defines the above embodiments, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the liquid cavity bellows 20 and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder 25 are connected by a third thread 24. The buffer piston 22 is provided with a connecting thread 223. The buffer base 11 is connected to the connecting thread 223 by a first thread 16. The buffer base 11 is connected to the air cavity bellows 21 by a second thread 19. The buffer base 11 and the liquid cavity bellows 20 are connected by flange bolts 10 and flange nuts 12. The flange bolts 10 and flange nuts 12 are locked to fix the buffer base 11 and the liquid cavity bellows 20.

[0049] The above setup utilizes the quick-connect properties of threads to facilitate disassembly and assembly during device maintenance and repair; at the same time, threaded connections offer good stability, preventing connection failure.

[0050] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0051] Example 6:

[0052] This embodiment further expands upon the above embodiments by modifying the buffer chamber check valve 14 and the buffer gas chamber check valve 18, specifically as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the buffer chamber check valve 14 and the buffer gas chamber check valve 18 have the same structure, both consisting of a retaining ring 30, a locking nut 31, a fifth sealing group 32, a movable slider 33, a driving spring 34, a fixed slider 35, and an oil inlet passage 36. The movable slider 33 and the fixed slider 35 are slidably connected to the buffer base 11. The retaining ring 30 is installed on the buffer base 11, and the retaining ring 30 limits the fixed slider 35. The locking nut 31 is threadedly connected to the buffer base 11, and the locking nut 31 limits the movable slider 33. The oil inlet passage 36 is set on the fixed slider 35. The driving spring 34 is set between the movable slider 33 and the fixed slider 35. The fifth sealing group 32 is set between the movable slider 33 and the locking nut 31.

[0053] When nitrogen is filled into one end of the locking nut 31, when the gas pressure at one end of the locking nut 31 is greater than the sum of the elastic force of the driving spring 34 and the gas pressure in the buffer gas chamber 29, the driving spring 34 is squeezed, and the moving slider 33 disengages from the locking nut 31. At this time, gas flows through the gap between the locking nut 31 and the moving slider 33 and flows into the buffer gas chamber 29 through the oil inlet passage 36. When there is no gas pressure at the end of the locking nut 31, under the action of the gas pressure in the buffer gas chamber 29 combined with the elastic force of the driving spring 34, the moving slider 33 presses on the locking nut 31 and is sealed by the fifth sealing group 32. At this time, the gas in the buffer gas chamber 29 cannot flow out from the locking nut 31. If oil is filled into the end of the locking nut 31, the same as described above will not be repeated. The initial pressure of the primary buffer chamber 26, the secondary buffer chamber 27, and the tertiary buffer chamber 28 is controlled by the buffer chamber check valve 14, and the initial pressure of the buffer gas chamber 29 is controlled by the buffer gas chamber check valve 18. In this way, the overall pressure of the entire device is adjusted to buffer different impact forces.

[0054] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device, characterized in that: The system includes a buffer base (11), a liquid-cavity bellows (20), a gas-cavity bellows (21), a buffer piston (22), and a pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25). The liquid-cavity bellows (20), the gas-cavity bellows (21), and the buffer piston (22) are all mounted on the buffer base (11), and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) is mounted on the liquid-cavity bellows (20). The buffer piston (22) is slidably connected to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25). The buffer base (11), the liquid-cavity bellows (20), and the buffer piston (22) form a secondary buffer chamber (27). The buffer piston (22) and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) form a primary buffer chamber (26). The buffer base (11), the gas-cavity bellows (21), and the buffer piston (22) form a tertiary buffer chamber (28). The buffer base (11) and the gas-cavity bellows (21) form a buffer gas chamber (29). The buffer base (11) is equipped with a buffer chamber check valve (14) and a buffer gas chamber check valve (18). The buffer chamber check valve (14) is located on the third-stage buffer chamber (28), and the buffer gas chamber check valve (18) is located on the buffer gas chamber (29). The buffer piston (22) is provided with multiple variable cross-section grooves (221) and throttling orifices (222). The second-stage buffer chamber (27) is connected to the third-stage buffer chamber (28) through the throttling orifice (222), and the second-stage buffer chamber (27) is connected to the first-stage buffer chamber (26) through the variable cross-section groove (221). The cross-sectional area of ​​the variable cross-section groove (221) at the end closer to the first-stage buffer chamber (26) is larger than the cross-sectional area at the end farther away from the first-stage buffer chamber (26).

2. The multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable cross-section grooves (221) are distributed in an equidistant circular array on the circumferential wall of the buffer piston (22).

3. The multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid-cavity bellows (20), the gas-cavity bellows (21), the buffer piston (22), and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) are coaxially arranged.

4. The multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fourth sealing group (23) is provided between the liquid cavity bellows (20) and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25). A first sealing group (13) is provided between the buffer base (11) and the liquid cavity bellows (20). A sealing smooth surface (224) is provided on the buffer piston (22). A second sealing group (15) is provided between the buffer base (11) and the buffer piston (22), and the second sealing group (15) is located on the sealing smooth surface (224). A third sealing group (17) is provided between the buffer base (11) and the air cavity bellows (21).

5. A multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cavity bellows (20) is connected to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) by a third thread (24). The buffer piston (22) is provided with a connecting thread (223). The buffer base (11) is connected to the connecting thread (223) by a first thread (16). The buffer base (11) is connected to the air cavity bellows (21) by a second thread (19). The buffer base (11) is connected to the liquid cavity bellows (20) by flange bolts (10) and flange nuts (12).

6. The multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer chamber check valve (14) and the buffer gas chamber check valve (18) have the same structure, both consisting of a retaining ring (30), a locking nut (31), a fifth sealing group (32), a movable slider (33), a driving spring (34), a fixed slider (35), and an oil inlet gas passage (36). The movable slider (33) and the fixed slider (35) are slidably connected to the buffer base (11). The retaining ring (30) is installed on the buffer base (11) and limits the fixed slider (35). The locking nut (31) is threadedly connected to the buffer base (11) and limits the movable slider (33). The oil inlet gas passage (36) is set on the fixed slider (35). The driving spring (34) is set between the movable slider (33) and the fixed slider (35). The fifth sealing group (32) is set between the movable slider (33) and the locking nut (31).

7. A multi-stage maintenance-free hydraulic buffer method, using the device described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A. Nitrogen gas is injected into the buffer gas chamber (29) through the buffer gas chamber check valve (18) to make the buffer gas chamber (29) have the required pressure; oil is injected into the third-stage buffer chamber (28) through the buffer chamber check valve (14) so ​​that the third-stage buffer chamber (28), the second-stage buffer chamber (27), and the first-stage buffer chamber (26) are filled with oil in sequence. At this time, the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) is in a state away from the buffer piston (22); B. When an external pressure impact is applied to the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25), the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) moves closer to the buffer base (11), the volume of the first-stage buffer chamber (26) begins to decrease, and the oil in the first-stage buffer chamber (26) begins to enter the second-stage buffer chamber (27) from the variable cross-section groove (221), thus achieving first-stage buffering. Since the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) will drive the liquid chamber bellows (20), the liquid chamber bellows (20) begins to deform, the volume of the second-stage buffer chamber (27) decreases, and the oil in the second-stage buffer chamber (27) enters the third-stage buffer chamber (28) through the throttle hole (222), thus achieving second-stage buffering. Since the oil enters the third-stage buffer chamber (28), the volume of the third-stage buffer chamber (28) increases, causing the gas chamber bellows (21) to begin to deform, and the volume of the buffer gas chamber (29) begins to shrink accordingly. The nitrogen in the buffer gas chamber (29) is compressed, thus achieving third-stage buffering. C. When the external pressure impact is removed, the buffer air chamber (29) begins to enlarge under the action of air pressure, and the oil returns along the original path. At this time, the third-level buffer chamber (28) begins to decrease, the second-level buffer chamber (27) and the first-level buffer chamber (26) begin to increase, and the pressure-bearing outer cylinder (25) is reset.

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