Cold exchange system

Abstract

Disclosed is a cold exchange system (1) comprising: a common source provided for conveying a refrigerant; one or more heat energy exchangers (3) connected to a common source by a piping system via which the refrigerant is distributed; a control system associated with at least one of the one or more heat energy exchangers (3) and configured to control the flow of refrigerant through the piping portion of the piping system, the control system comprising: an orifice adjustment system (5, 6) formed by a two-way or three-way valve (5) and an actuator (6), the valve (5) comprises a flow chamber in the conduit portion with adjustable orifices (11, 12); the control system comprises a sensor (7) configured to sense the position of the adjustable orifice and to output a signal indicative of the sensed position, the sensor (7) having a static measurement principle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a cooling system. The cooling system includes a valve for controlling the flow of a medium through a pipe section of a pipe system. The medium is distributed to a plurality of consumers and / or heat exchangers via the pipe system. The cooling system may include a common source, and the pipe system may be connected to the common source. Background Art

[0002] In commercial and / or industrial and / or residential buildings, several applications are known that utilize piping systems. The piping systems distribute a medium to various consumers throughout the building. The medium usually originates from a common source.

[0003] The pipeline system may be a closed loop, or include a closed loop, comprising one or more supply pipelines connecting a common source to each consumer, and one or more return pipelines connecting each consumer back to the common source.

[0004] The consumer preferably comprises a heat exchanger. The consumer is ideally a heat exchanger. More specifically, the consumer may comprise a cold exchange system. The consumer may even be a cold exchange system.

[0005] The pipeline system may also be an open loop, or include an open loop. The open loop includes one or more supply pipes connecting a common source to each consumer. Compared to a closed loop, there is no return pipe connecting each consumer back to the common source.

[0006] The piping system can also be a combination of closed and open loops.

[0007] These systems may include valves such as control valves having an adjustable orifice system for controlling the flow of the medium to the respective consumer. The position of the adjustable orifices of the adjustable orifice system determines the amount of medium passing through the consumer per unit time. In cold exchange applications, this means that the position of the orifice determines the amount of cooling delivered from the heat exchanger to the adjacent space. The adjacent space preferably comprises an adjacent room of a building. The adjacent space is ideally an adjacent room of a building.

[0008] The flow rate of the medium through the consumer is not only determined by the position of the adjustable orifice. The flow rate is also affected by the pressure of the medium through the consumer. In addition to the pressure and the position of the orifice, other factors may also affect the flow rate.

[0009] As a non-limiting example, this pressure depends on the distance between the common source and the consumer. This is typically applicable to commercial and / or industrial buildings. The piping system and the consumer may be spread over a number of different floors of such a building. As an example, the commercial and / or industrial building may be an office building.

[0010] The pressure at a particular consumer can even vary over time. As a non-limiting example, the pressure can change after closing or opening a valve in a pipeline connected to one or more other consumers. In cold exchange applications, closing such a valve may result in an increase in the pressure of the medium.

[0011] This pressure increase may then affect other heat exchangers in the same circuit. Due to the pressure increase, the flow rate towards those other heat exchangers increases. Any heat energy delivered by the heat exchanger to adjacent spaces may also increase. This is undesirable.

[0012] Several systems have been developed in an attempt to provide control over the flow of media through a piping system.

[0013] International patent application WO 92 / 06422 A1 was filed on September 25, 1991. The application was published on April 16, 1992. The priority date claimed is September 27, 1990. WO 92 / 06422 A1 relates to automatically adjusting the flow rate in a fluid distribution network in response to pressure changes.

[0014] WO 92 / 06422 A1 relates to a system for automatically regulating the flow of a medium to set the flow of the medium. The regulation is independent of pressure changes between the supply end and the return end of the heat exchanger.

[0015] For this purpose, the control system comprises a first medium flow control unit. The first medium flow control unit is set to a predetermined value. The control system also comprises a second medium flow control unit providing a variable pressure loss. The system also comprises an actuator for automatically compensating for detected pressure loss variations between the supply end and the return end of the heat exchanger. In doing so, the second medium flow control unit is closed to a certain extent. The pressure difference between the supply end and the return end, and therefore the set medium flow, is set only once.

[0016] Patent US6435207B1 was granted on August 20, 2022. US6435207B1 relates to flow adjustment accessories. Patent US6435207B1 claims a priority date of December 21, 1996.

[0017] Another type of control system for a pipeline system is known from US6435207B1. Patent US6435207B1 describes a flow regulating control valve for setting and measuring a volume flow in a pipeline. The flow regulating control valve comprises a shut-off member arranged in a flow chamber for setting a desired flow state. A sensor is arranged in or near the flow chamber for sensing a value representing the flow through the flow chamber.

[0018] The flow regulating control valve further comprises an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit determines the flow rate from the signals recorded by the sensor and the characteristic values ​​of the control valve. Those characteristic values ​​are stored in an electronic data storage device at the sensor and are valve-specific. The flow rate through the cross section of the pipe system is manually adjusted using the shut-off member of the flow regulating control valve. The flow rate is adjusted until the evaluation unit displays the desired flow rate.

[0019] Patent US5927400A was granted on July 27, 1999. The patent relates to regulating the flow rate of a liquid by means of closed-loop control. Patent US5927400A claims a priority date of June 6, 1995.

[0020] US5927400A discloses a flow control system for controlling the flow to a heat exchanger. The system includes a turbine flow sensor, wherein the turbine is driven by a flowing medium. The number of revolutions of the turbine per time unit is counted to estimate the flow rate of the medium at the turbine. The sensor outputs a pulse signal generated by a magnet of the turbine, so the number of pulses per unit time is a measure of the flow rate.

[0021] The set flow rate is derived from the temperature set value. The evaluation unit uses a preset characteristic depending on the flow range and compares the measured flow rate with the set flow rate. The valve is operated accordingly.

[0022] Patent application WO2008 / 039065A1 was filed on October 1, 2007. The application was published on April 3, 2008. The priority date claimed is September 29, 2006. WO2008 / 039065A1 relates to an apparatus, a system and a method for controlling a heating system.

[0023] WO2008 / 039065A1 discloses a device for controlling a system for heat exchange in one or more rooms in a building. The control device comprises a meter of a pricing type. The meter can be connected to a supply duct and / or a return duct and determines the amount of heat power delivered by a medium flowing through the duct. The meter generates an indication of the heat energy supplied during a determined period. A control unit can be connected to a regulating unit. The unit controls the amount of heat power delivered by the medium flowing through the regulating unit. More specifically, the unit controls the amount of heat power delivered by the medium in response to a signal obtained from the meter.

[0024] Patent application WO 98 / 25086 A1 was filed on December 4, 1997. The application was published on June 11, 1998. The priority date claimed is December 4, 1996. WO 98 / 25086 A1 discloses a modulating fluid control device for a fluid-based heating and cooling system of a measured environment.

[0025] The control device comprises a body, a supply port and a return port and a valve located between these ports. The valve is connected to an actuator. The actuator and the valve respond to inputs from sensors and controllers. The flow rate of the medium passing through the valve is thereby limited, and the limitation depends on the conditions in the measured environment. The control device is provided with a valve controller and an actuator to position the valve and thereby adjust the flow rate through the valve. A flow sensor is associated with the valve and records the flow rate of the medium at a certain position in the system. The flow sensor provides a signal indicating the flow rate to the valve controller. The flow sensor and the valve controller maintain the required flow rate through the system recorded by the sensor. The system thus promotes the desired environmental conditions in the space.

[0026] SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG filed European patent application EP3839308A1 on December 20, 2019. The application was published on June 23, 2021. EP3839308A1 relates to an expansion valve. The valve includes an inlet port, an outlet port, and an adjustable orifice arranged in a fluid path between the inlet port and the outlet port. The adjustable orifice system includes an adjustable orifice and an armature. The current passing through the solenoid causes the armature and the adjustable orifice to move. The solenoid is directly immersed in the refrigerant.

[0027] Patent US7769493B2 was granted on August 3, 2010. US7769493B2 relates to a system and method for controlling flow characteristics. Patent US7769493B2 relates to application 12 / 076,541 filed on March 19, 2008. Summary of the invention

[0028] The object of the present disclosure is to provide a widely applicable control system with precise control over the entire applicable range. This object also applies to systems where flow measurement is not available. Then it may be necessary to control the flow and control the valve based on the signal from the position sensor.

[0029] As used herein, the term medium means any liquid, gas, smoke, aerosol, flowing solid or any mixture thereof. The term medium may also refer to any other flowing medium known to those skilled in the art. More specifically, the term medium may refer to a refrigerant. The refrigerant is preferably selected from at least one of the following:

[0030] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0031] -R-404A refrigerant,

[0032] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0033] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0034] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0035] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0036] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0037] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0038] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0039] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0040] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0041] -Ammonia.

[0042] The refrigerant may also be selected from at least two of the following:

[0043] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0044] -R-404A type refrigerant,

[0045] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0046] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0047] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0048] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0049] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0050] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0051] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0052] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0053] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0054] -Ammonia.

[0055] The refrigerant may also be selected from at least three of the following:

[0056] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0057] -R-404A refrigerant,

[0058] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0059] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0060] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0061] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0062] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0063] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0064] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0065] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0066] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0067] -Ammonia.

[0068] As used herein, “in front of device A” means “in front of device A along the flow direction of the medium.” Likewise, “behind device A” means “behind device A along the flow direction of the medium.”

[0069] As used herein, the term "thermal energy exchange" preferably refers to a cooling operation. The term "thermal energy exchange" may also refer to a heating operation.

[0070] As used herein, the term "consumer" refers to any device that delivers thermal energy supplied via a medium. More specifically, a "consumer" can provide cooling, and the cooling is supplied via a medium. Still more specifically, a "consumer" can provide cooling, and the cooling is supplied via a refrigerant.

[0071] A valve such as a control valve for a cold exchange system of the present disclosure includes:

[0072] a sensor for registering the position of an adjustable orifice of the valve;

[0073] a controller in communication with the sensor, the controller configured to evaluate the recorded position;

[0074] The controller is configured to generate a control signal based on the evaluation result, and output the control signal;

[0075] The valve includes an orifice adjustment system in communication with the controller, the orifice adjustment system including a flow chamber and an adjustable orifice disposed in the flow chamber; and

[0076] An orifice adjustment system is provided for adjusting the adjustable orifice in response to a control signal from the controller.

[0077] The sensor advantageously generates an electrical signal indicative of the sensed actual position of the adjustable orifice.

[0078] The value representing the set position of the adjustable orifice may be the desired position of the adjustable orifice. The value representing the set position of the adjustable orifice may also be a set value from which the desired position of the adjustable orifice is derived. As a non-limiting example, the set position of the adjustable orifice may be derived from a temperature set point of a room or space. The value representing the set medium flow rate may be a desired flow rate value or a set value from which the desired flow rate value is derived. As a non-limiting example, the set medium flow rate may be derived from a temperature set point of a room or space.

[0079] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a sensor is arranged at or near an orifice adjustment system. The orifice adjustment system preferably includes an actuator and / or an adjustable orifice. The sensor is arranged at or near the actuator and / or the adjustable orifice so that the sensor can record the actual position of the adjustable orifice. In one embodiment, the adjustable orifice includes a valve member. The adjustable orifice is ideally a valve member. The sensor is arranged at or near the valve member so that the sensor can record the actual position of the valve member.

[0080] An analysis of the prior art shows that valves are usually controlled via flow sensors. However, flow sensors are not always available. As for position sensors, these usually include potentiometers. However, potentiometers are subject to mechanical wear.

[0081] The operation of a valve such as a control valve involves valve cycling, and those cycles cause degradation of the position sensor. That is, the valve may eventually fail due to a defective position sensor.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor is selected from a series of sensors with a static measurement principle. Sensors with a static measurement principle omit moving parts. This is advantageous in view of mechanical wear.

[0083] The sensor is also selected so that its accuracy is not limited by the mechanical position of the brush along the resistor element. The sensor should not be easily degraded by moisture and dust on the surface of the brush or resistor element. The sensor should not be easily failed by particles blocking the optical path.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor comprises an inductive sensor. The inductive sensor comprises an inductor. When a magnetic field (such as a magnetic flux through the inductor) changes, the current through the inductor will change. More specifically, when the movement of the adjustable orifice causes the magnetic flux to decrease or increase, the current through the inductor will change. This requires that the adjustable orifice system or a component of the adjustable orifice system is permanently or temporarily magnetic. As a non-limiting example, the adjustable orifice system or a component of the adjustable orifice system may be ferromagnetic. In an embodiment, the adjustable orifice system comprises a ferromagnet selected from at least one of the following:

[0085] - Neodymium magnets, such as NdFeB magnets,

[0086] -Sintered Nd2Fe 14 B magnet,

[0087] -Bonded Nd2Fe 14 B magnet,

[0088] -Samarium Cobalt SmCo magnets,

[0089] -Sintered SmCo5 magnets,

[0090] -Sintered Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7 magnets,

[0091] - Ferritic steel,

[0092] - DIN / EN 1.0715 steel in accordance with standard EN 10277:2018.

[0093] More specifically, when the movement of the valve member causes the magnetic flux to decrease or increase, the current through the inductor will change. This requires that the valve member or a component of the valve member is permanently or temporarily magnetic. As a non-limiting example, the valve member or a component of the valve member may be ferromagnetic. In one embodiment, the valve member includes a ferromagnetic body selected from at least one of the following:

[0094] - Neodymium magnets, such as NdFeB magnets,

[0095] -Sintered Nd2Fe 14 B magnet,

[0096] -Bonded Nd2Fe 14 B magnet,

[0097] -Samarium Cobalt SmCo magnets,

[0098] -Sintered SmCo5 magnets,

[0099] -Sintered Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7 magnets,

[0100] - Ferritic steel,

[0101] - DIN / EN 1.0715 steel in accordance with standard EN 10277:2018.

[0102] The armature comprising ferrite steel need not be ferromagnetic.

[0103] The inductive sensor preferably comprises a linear variable inductive transducer (LVIT). The inductive sensor is ideally a linear variable inductive transducer (LVIT). The LVIT relies on a flux difference between two coils. The LVIT is resistant to temperature changes because the two coils have the same physical properties. Therefore, the flux difference is a proprietary function of the target, such as the armature.

[0104] It may be advantageous for a sensor to be a LVIT or to include a LVIT in combination with an armature comprising ferrite steel and / or DIN / EN 1.0715 steel. The LVIT then effectively measures the inductance change caused by the armature comprising ferrite steel and / or DIN / EN 1.0715 steel moving relative to the coil of the LVIT.

[0105] The inductive sensor advantageously further comprises a current sensing member. The current sensing member senses the current through the inductor. In one embodiment, the current sensing member senses the current through the winding of the inductor. The current sensing member may be electrically connected in series with the inductor and / or the winding of the inductor.

[0106] The inductive sensor desirably includes a current gain component such as an amplifier. The current gain component amplifies the current through the inductor and / or the winding of the inductor. The amplified current can then be processed by a signal processing circuit and / or a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor.

[0107] In one embodiment, the inductive sensor is or includes a LVIT. In operation, a voltage difference is observed for each of the two coils of the LVIT. The voltage difference is then evaluated to determine and / or estimate the position of the target. More specifically, the voltage difference is evaluated to determine and / or estimate the position of the armature.

[0108] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the sensor output is an electrical signal. The output signal of the sensor may be an analog signal or a digital electrical signal. The controller preferably directly processes the output signal from the sensor. In doing so, the control valve provides a fast response to the movement of the adjustable orifice and / or the valve member. As a non-limiting example, the fast response of the valve means that the valve can respond quickly to flash gas in the refrigerant circuit. As a non-limiting example, the fast response of the valve also means that the valve can be quickly closed under abnormal operating conditions.

[0109] It is contemplated that the controller evaluates the position signal. That is, the controller directly compares the sensed position of the adjustable orifice and / or valve member to the set position of the adjustable orifice. More specifically, the controller directly compares the signal originating from the inductive position sensor to the set position of the adjustable orifice. This can contribute to faster response times relative to prior art systems. For example, systems in which power intake is evaluated tend to be slower than the systems of the present disclosure.

[0110] The sensor is preferably arranged close to the adjustable orifice and / or close to the actuator of the adjustable orifice system. In this way, inaccuracies caused by stray magnetic fields can be avoided. In an embodiment, the closest distance between the inductive sensor and the actuator and / or the adjustable orifice is less than 20 mm. The closest distance between the inductive sensor and the actuator and / or the adjustable orifice can even be less than 10 mm. It is also envisaged that the closest distance between the inductive sensor and the actuator and / or the adjustable orifice can be less than 5 mm.

[0111] In case the inductive sensor is or comprises a LVIT, inaccuracies caused by stray magnetic fields are largely avoided.

[0112] In one embodiment, the orifice adjustment system is configured such that it has an equal percentage characteristic curve. Thus, the adjustable orifice is less sensitive at lower flow rates than at higher flow rates. Such an equal percentage characteristic curve can be achieved by shaping the components that form the adjustable orifice. For example, ball valves and butterfly valves often have equal percentage valve curves.

[0113] The actuator of the adjustable orifice system actuates one or more components of the adjustable orifice system to adjust the adjustable orifice and / or the valve member. More specifically, the actuator adjusts the position of the adjustable orifice and / or the position of the valve member. The equal percentage characteristic curve can also be achieved or changed by processing a control signal sent to the actuator of the adjustable orifice system.

[0114] For example, the control signal may be processed to impart a smaller relative movement within a first range starting at 0% opening of the adjustable orifice. The control signal may also be processed to impart a larger relative movement within a second range exceeding a given opening of the adjustable orifice. The control signal may also be processed to impart a smaller relative movement within a first range starting at 0% opening of the valve member. The control signal may also be processed to impart a larger relative movement within a second range exceeding a given opening of the valve member.

[0115] The combination of the above types of sensors can produce a highly accurate and widely applicable control valve.

[0116] The sensor may be positioned in front of at least one consumer. More specifically, the sensor may be positioned in front of at least one heat exchanger. In a closed system, the sensor may be positioned behind at least one consumer. More specifically, the sensor may be positioned behind at least one heat exchanger.

[0117] A location in front of at least one consumer may improve long term performance, as the sensor operates at a lower temperature. Likewise, a location in front of at least one heat exchanger may improve long term performance, as the sensor operates at a lower temperature.

[0118] The location of the sensor in the supply duct of the consumer has the advantage of avoiding adverse effects of turbulence caused by the consumer. Likewise, the location in the supply duct of the heat energy exchanger has the advantage of avoiding adverse effects of turbulence caused by the heat energy exchanger.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the control valve comprises a communication link towards a central unit. The communication link provides for the communication of certain measured or derived values ​​(such as position signals or error signals) to the central unit. The central unit can then monitor such signals. The communication link can be wireless or hardwired. The communication link can, for example, rely on wireless solutions such as and / or RF and / or Thread and / or WLAN and / or Zigbee. Also envisioned are Cable or A hardwired connection of a cable. The communication preferably involves a digital communication bus. The communication preferably involves a digital communication protocol.

[0120] Ideally, the controller provides a communication link towards the central unit. The communication link provides for communication of certain measured or derived values ​​(such as position signals or error signals) to the central unit. The central unit can then monitor such signals. The communication link can be wireless or hardwired. The communication link can, for example, rely on wireless solutions such as and / or RF and / or Thread and / or WLAN and / or Zigbee. Also envisioned are Cable or A hardwired connection of a cable. The communication preferably involves a digital communication bus. The communication preferably involves a digital communication protocol.

[0121] In an alternative embodiment, for monitoring purposes, a decentralized reading unit associated with each consumer may be used. More specifically, for monitoring purposes, a decentralized reading unit associated with each heat energy exchanger may be used.

[0122] The value representing the set position of the adjustable orifice can be input into the controller by any means deemed suitable by a person skilled in the art. Suitable input means include, but are not limited to, external analog signals and external digital signals. The position of the adjustable orifice can also be set by a wireless signal such as a digital wireless signal. The set position of the adjustable orifice can also be a factory preset value. Factory preset values ​​also include, but are not limited to, the end position of the adjustable orifice and / or the valve member.

[0123] The set position of the adjustable orifice may be directly input into the controller or transmitted by a user. The set position of the adjustable orifice may also be directly input into the controller or transmitted by an operator. It is also envisioned that the user inputs or transmits a desired temperature, such as a desired room temperature. It is also envisioned that the operator inputs or transmits a desired temperature, such as a desired room temperature. The controller then derives the set position of the adjustable orifice from this temperature. In cooling applications, the set position of the adjustable orifice will typically be associated with the desired position required to obtain a specific temperature in a space.

[0124] In a centralized embodiment, the set position of the adjustable orifice is transmitted to each of the plurality of valve controllers via a system controller. For this purpose, the set position of the adjustable orifice or a temperature associated with the set position of the adjustable orifice is input into the system controller. The set position of the adjustable orifice or a temperature associated with the set position of the adjustable orifice may also be transmitted to the system controller. The system controller advantageously sends such set position of the adjustable orifice to the valve controller via a communication bus such as a digital communication bus. The decentralized solution reduces the workload during commissioning and / or installation.

[0125] In a clustered embodiment, the set position of the adjustable orifice is transmitted to each cluster of valve controllers in a plurality of such clusters. The set position is preferably transmitted via a system controller. For this purpose, the set position of the adjustable orifice of one or more clusters is input into the system controller. The temperature associated with the position of the adjustable orifice of one or more clusters may also be input into the system controller. These set positions or temperatures of the adjustable orifice may even be transmitted to the system controller. The system controller advantageously sends such set positions of the adjustable orifice to the clustered valve controller via a communication bus such as a digital communication bus. The clustered solution reduces the workload during commissioning and / or installation.

[0126] In a decentralized embodiment, the set position of the adjustable orifice is communicated individually to each valve controller of the plurality of valve controllers. To this end, the set position of the adjustable orifice or a temperature associated with the set position of the adjustable orifice is input into each valve controller. The set position of the adjustable orifice or a temperature associated with the position of the adjustable orifice may also be communicated individually to each valve controller.

[0127] The set position of the adjustable orifice corresponds to the desired position of the adjustable orifice. It can vary between a fully closed valve and a fully open valve. It can also vary between a partially closed valve and a fully open valve. In an arrangement where the valve must not be fully closed, a set position of the adjustable orifice that does not allow a fully closed valve may be advantageous. For example, in a system with flow control, it may be advantageous not to close the valve. It is also envisaged to limit the range of possible positions of the adjustable orifice to d min to d max Between. min Can correspond to a fully closed or partially closed valve. max It may correspond to an opening less than fully open.

[0128] The actuator can be any type of actuator known to those skilled in the art, such as a motor. In a particular embodiment, the actuator comprises a stepper motor. More specifically, the actuator can be a stepper motor.

[0129] The controller compares the actual position of the adjustable orifice received from the sensor with the set position of the adjustable orifice. The controller will then generate a control signal based on the comparison result. This control signal is transmitted to the actuator. The actuator then adjusts the adjustable orifice until the actual position of the adjustable orifice is equal to the set position of the adjustable orifice. It seems worth emphasizing that the control loop does not need to terminate when the actual position of the adjustable orifice is equal to the set position of the adjustable orifice.

[0130] A valve such as a control valve for a cooling system according to the present disclosure provides control over the flow of a medium. The valve of the present disclosure may additionally be used to determine and / or control other variables. As an example, but not limited to, the valve may be used to control the velocity of a medium flowing through a pipe section. The velocity of the medium may be controlled so that it does not exceed a given threshold.

[0131] This control mode mitigates noise. As another example, the amount of cooling delivered by the heat exchanger can be controlled. The amount of cooling can be specified as an amount of energy and / or an amount of power. It can be embodied as clustered, centralized or decentralized.

[0132] The different components of a valve for a cooling system according to the present disclosure may form one single system or two or more separate systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0133] Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting embodiments. The accompanying drawings can be briefly described as follows:

[0134] Figure 1The valves for the cooling circuit are shown. The cooling circuit also includes consumers, a compressor and a condenser.

[0135] Figure 2 A valve, such as an expansion valve, is shown having a sensor, such as an inductive sensor.

[0136] Figure 3 Various characteristic curves are shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0137] Figure 1 A cold exchange system 1 is shown. The cold exchange system comprises a pipe system forming a cooling circuit. A compressor 2, an evaporator 3 and a condenser 4 are arranged in the pipe section of the cooling circuit. A valve 5, such as a control valve, is also arranged in the pipe section of the cooling circuit.

[0138] The actuator 6 is mechanically connected to the control valve 5. The control valve 5 includes an inlet port, an outlet port, and a fluid path extending between the inlet port and the outlet port. The control valve 5 also includes an adjustable orifice system, which has an adjustable orifice acting on the fluid path. The actuator 6 is configured to move the adjustable orifice between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the adjustable orifice closes the fluid path. Therefore, there will be no flow through the valve 5. In the open position, the adjustable orifice opens the fluid path, thereby enabling a medium such as a refrigerant to flow through the fluid path.

[0139] In a step-by-step embodiment, the actuator 6 causes a step-by-step movement of the adjustable orifice. In other words, the actual position of the adjustable orifice can be adjusted step-by-step. The actuator 6 can include a motor such as a stepper motor. A stepper motor typically provides one hundred or two hundred steps to adjust the position of the adjustable orifice.

[0140] In a continuous embodiment, the actuator 6 causes a continuous movement of the adjustable orifice. In other words, the actual position of the adjustable orifice can be adjusted continuously. As a non-limiting example, the actuator 6 can include a linear actuator.

[0141] The actuator 6 may be a separate item from the control valve 5. In an integrated embodiment, the control valve 5 comprises the actuator 6. The control valve 5 and the actuator 6 may even be arranged inside the same housing. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the actuator 6 is part of an adjustable orifice system.

[0142] The sensor 7, such as a position sensor, senses the movement of the adjustable orifice 6. As mentioned above, the sensor 7 uses a static measurement principle. That is, the sensor 7 has no moving parts. The sensor 7 also eliminates an optical path that may be blocked by particles and / or moisture.

[0143] According to one aspect of the control valve 5, the sensor 7 directly senses the position of the adjustable orifice of the control valve 5. That is, the sensor 7 is mounted at or near the adjustable orifice of the control valve 5. It is envisaged that the sensor 7 is integrated into the control valve 5 such that the control valve 5 comprises the sensor 7.

[0144] According to one aspect of the actuator 6, the sensor 7 directly senses the position of the actuator 6. That is, the sensor 7 is mounted at or near the actuator 6. That is, the sensor 7 is mounted at or near a movable member of the actuator 6. It is envisaged that the sensor 7 is integrated into the actuator 6, so that the actuator 6 comprises the sensor 7.

[0145] The position of the actuator 6 defines the position of the adjustable orifice of the control valve 6. Therefore, whether the sensor 7 is arranged at the actuator 6 or at the adjustable orifice, the sensor 7 senses substantially the same position. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the sensor 7 is part of the adjustable orifice system.

[0146] The controller 8 is in communication with the actuator 6 and the sensor 7. The controller 8 advantageously comprises a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. In one embodiment, the controller 8 is a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. The controller 8 preferably comprises a memory such as a non-volatile memory. That is, the controller 8 may comprise a microcontroller and a non-volatile memory. The controller 8 may also comprise a microprocessor and a non-volatile memory. The controller 8 may also be a microcontroller with a non-volatile memory. The controller 8 may also be a microprocessor with a non-volatile memory.

[0147] In an alternative embodiment, the controller 8 includes an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), such as an application specific integrated circuit with non-volatile memory. The controller 8 can also be an application specific integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit with non-volatile memory. The application specific integrated circuit can very efficiently obtain and process readings, such as those from the sensor 7.

[0148] This ASIC provides further I / O interfaces, not only for reading from the sensor 7, but also for reading from the microcontroller. The readings obtained by the ASIC are provided to the superordinate system via the I / O outputs. The ASIC also provides further I / O interfaces for reading and / or processing setting or command signals. The setting or command signal may originate from the superordinate system. It may be an analog signal or a digital signal.

[0149] In yet another embodiment, the controller 8 comprises a freely programmable gate array, such as a freely programmable gate array with non-volatile memory. The controller 8 may also be a freely programmable gate array, such as a freely programmable gate array with non-volatile memory. A freely programmable gate array may very efficiently acquire and process readings, such as those from the sensor 7.

[0150] This FPGA provides more I / O interfaces, not only for reading from the sensor 7, but also for reading from the microcontroller. The readings obtained by the FPGA are provided to the superordinate system via the I / O outputs. The FPGA also provides more I / O interfaces for reading and / or processing setting or command signals. The setting or command signal can originate from the superordinate system. It can be an analog signal or a digital signal.

[0151] It is also contemplated that the controller 8 comprises a microcontroller connected to an ASIC. It is also contemplated that the controller 8 is a microcontroller connected to an ASIC. It is also contemplated that the controller 8 comprises a microcontroller connected to an FPGA. It is also contemplated that the controller 8 is a microcontroller connected to an FPGA.

[0152] The controller 8 is preferably or comprises an inexpensive and / or low power system-on-chip microcontroller with integrated wireless connectivity. In an embodiment with limited resources, the system-on-chip microcontroller has no more than one megabyte of memory.

[0153] The connection between the controller 8 and the actuator 6 can be bidirectional. The bidirectional connection provides flexibility. That is, the controller 8 can send a position signal to the actuator 6. The controller 8 can also receive a status signal from the actuator 6. As an example, the controller 8 can receive a signal indicating the number of steps from the actuator 6 including a stepper motor.

[0154] The connection between the controller 8 and the actuator 6 may also be unidirectional. Such a unidirectional connection facilitates communication from the controller 8 to the actuator 6. The actuator 6 may also receive position signals from the controller 8. A unidirectional connection reduces complexity.

[0155] In an embodiment with analog signal transmission, the controller 8 includes a digital-to-analog converter. The digital-to-analog converter provides conversion of digital signals from the controller 8 into analog signals. As a non-limiting example, the analog signal can be sent to the actuator 6. As another non-limiting example, the analog signal can be amplified and then sent to the actuator 6. The digital-to-analog converter can be an integral part of the controller 8. In a compact embodiment, the digital-to-analog converter and the controller 8 are arranged on the same system-on-chip. More specifically, the digital-to-analog converter and the microcontroller of the controller 8 are arranged on the same system-on-chip. It is also contemplated that the digital-to-analog converter and the microprocessor of the controller 8 are arranged on the same system-on-chip.

[0156] The connection between the controller 8 and the sensor 7 can be bidirectional. A bidirectional connection provides flexibility. That is, the controller 8 can receive readings and / or records from the sensor 7. The controller 8 is also used to transmit setpoints to the sensor 7.

[0157] The connection between the controller 8 and the sensor 7 may also be unidirectional. Such a unidirectional connection facilitates communication from the sensor 7 to the controller 8. The controller 8 may also receive readings and / or records from the sensor 7. A unidirectional connection reduces complexity.

[0158] It is envisaged that the controller 8 comprises an analogue to digital converter. The analogue to digital converter provides conversion of analogue signals from the sensor 7 into (digital) measurements. The analogue to digital converter may be an integral part of the controller 8. In a compact embodiment, the analogue to digital converter and the controller 8 are arranged on the same system on a chip.

[0159] It is also envisaged that the controller 8 comprises a sigma-delta converter. The sigma-delta converter provides conversion of analog signals from the sensor 7 into (digital) measurements. The sigma-delta converter may be an integral part of the controller 8. That is, the sigma-delta converter and the controller 8 are arranged on the same system-on-chip.

[0160] In an embodiment with digital signal transmission, the communication between the controller 8 and the actuator 6 involves a digital communication bus. The communication between the controller 8 and the actuator 6 advantageously involves a digital communication protocol. Likewise, the communication between the controller 8 and the sensor 7 preferably involves a digital communication bus. The communication between the controller 8 and the sensor 7 advantageously involves a digital communication protocol.

[0161] It is then envisaged that the actuator 6 comprises a digital-to-analog converter. The digital-to-analog converter provides a conversion of a digital signal received from the controller 8 via the communication bus into an analog signal. As a non-limiting example, the analog signal can be amplified after the digital-to-analog conversion. The digital-to-analog converter can be an integral part of the actuator 6. More specifically, the actuator 6 comprises a digital-to-analog converter and a controller of the actuator 6. The controller of the actuator 6 can include a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. The controller of the actuator 6 can even be a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. In a compact embodiment, the controller of the actuator 6 and the digital-to-analog converter of the actuator 6 are arranged on the same system-on-chip.

[0162] In an embodiment with digital signal transmission, the sensor 7 may include an analog-to-digital converter. The analog-to-digital converter provides a conversion of an analog signal received from a sensor element of the sensor into a digital signal. The digital signal may then be transmitted to the controller 8 via a communication bus. As a non-limiting example, the analog signal received from the sensor element may be amplified before the analog-to-digital conversion. The analog-to-digital converter may be an integral part of the sensor 7. More specifically, the sensor 7 includes an analog-to-digital converter and a controller of the sensor 7. The controller of the sensor 7 may include a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. The controller of the sensor 7 may even be a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. In a compact embodiment, the controller of the sensor 7 and the analog-to-digital converter of the sensor 7 are arranged on the same system-on-chip.

[0163] In an embodiment with digital signal transmission, the sensor 7 may further include a Σ-Δ converter. The Σ-Δ converter provides a conversion of an analog signal received from a sensor element of the sensor into a digital signal. The digital signal may then be transmitted to the controller 8 via a communication bus. As a non-limiting example, the analog signal received from the sensor element may be amplified before the Σ-Δ conversion. The Σ-Δ converter may be an integral part of the sensor 7. More specifically, the sensor 7 includes a Σ-Δ converter and a controller of the sensor 7. The controller of the sensor 7 may include a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. The controller of the sensor 7 may even be a microcontroller and / or a microprocessor. In a compact embodiment, the controller of the sensor 7 and the Σ-Δ converter of the sensor 7 are arranged on the same system on a chip.

[0164] The controller 8 may be a separate item from the valve 5. In a first integrated embodiment, the valve 5 comprises the controller 8. The valve 5 and the controller 8 may even be arranged inside the same housing.

[0165] The controller 8 may be a separate item from the actuator 6. In a second integrated embodiment, the actuator 6 comprises the controller 8. The actuator 6 and the controller 8 may even be arranged inside the same housing.

[0166] The controller 8 may be a separate item from at least one item selected from the actuator 6 and the control valve 5. In a third integrated embodiment, the control valve 5 includes the actuator 6 and the controller 8. The control valve 5, the actuator 6 and the controller 8 may even be arranged inside the same housing. It is also envisioned that the control valve 6, the adjustable orifice, the actuator 6, the controller 8 are arranged inside the same housing.

[0167] Figure 1 A single consumer in the form of an evaporator 3 is shown. The consumer can deliver heat energy to a space such as a room of a building. However, the cold exchange system 1 of the present disclosure may include multiple consumers. These consumers then each supply cooling to one or more spaces. The one or more spaces may include one or more rooms of a building. The one or more spaces may even be one or more rooms of a building.

[0168] exist Figure 2 A valve 5 such as an expansion valve and / or a controlled expansion valve is shown. Figure 2 The valve 5 shown in FIG. 5 comprises an inlet port 9 and an outlet port 10. The inlet port 9 is different from the outlet port 10.

[0169] A fluid path connects the inlet port 9 to the outlet port 10, and adjustable orifices 11, 12 are disposed in the fluid path. The adjustable orifices 11, 12 are movable between an open position and a closed position. In the open position of the adjustable orifices 11, 12, refrigerant can flow between the inlet port 9 and the outlet port 10. The refrigerant flowing from the inlet port 9 to the outlet port 10 is preferably selected from at least one of the following:

[0170] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0171] -R-404A refrigerant,

[0172] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0173] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0174] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0175] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0176] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0177] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0178] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0179] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0180] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0181] -Ammonia.

[0182] The refrigerant flowing from the inlet port 9 to the outlet port 10 may also be selected from at least two of the following:

[0183] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0184] -R-404A refrigerant,

[0185] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0186] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0187] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0188] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0189] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0190] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0191] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0192] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0193] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0194] -Ammonia.

[0195] The refrigerant flowing from the inlet port 9 to the outlet port 10 may also be selected from at least three of the following:

[0196] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0197] -R-404A refrigerant,

[0198] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0199] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0200] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0201] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0202] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0203] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0204] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0205] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0206] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0207] -Ammonia.

[0208] In the closed position, the adjustable orifices 11 , 12 close the fluid path between the inlet port 9 and the outlet port 10 .

[0209] In a particular embodiment, the valve 5 is not completely closed. In an installation where the valve must not be completely closed, a valve 5 that does not allow a completely closed position may be advantageous. For example, in a system with flow control, it may be advantageous not to close the valve.

[0210] like Figure 2 The adjustable orifice 11, 12 shown in the figure comprises a cup-shaped movable member 11. The cup-shaped movable member 11 of the adjustable orifice 11, 12 is mechanically connected to an armature 13. The armature 13 is part of the valve actuator 6. The valve actuator 6 comprises the armature 13 and solenoids 14a, 14b. The current through the solenoids 14a, 14b causes the movement of the armature 13 and the cup-shaped member 11. Thus, the current through the solenoids 14a, 14b provides closing and / or opening of the adjustable orifice 11, 12.

[0211] in other words, Figure 2 The adjustable orifice system of the valve 5 comprises adjustable orifices 11, 12, an armature 13 and solenoids 14a, 14b.

[0212] In a ferromagnetic embodiment, the armature 13 comprises a neodymium NdFeB magnet selected from at least one of:

[0213] Sintered Nd2Fe 14 B magnet, or

[0214] Bonded Nd2Fe 14 B magnet.

[0215] In another ferromagnetic embodiment, the armature 13 comprises a samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnet selected from at least one of:

[0216] Sintered SmCo5 magnet, or

[0217] Sintered Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7 magnet.

[0218] In yet another embodiment, the armature 13 includes a portion made of at least one of:

[0219] - Ferritic steel,

[0220] - DIN / EN 1.0715 steel in accordance with standard EN 10277:2018.

[0221] The armature comprising ferrite steel need not be ferromagnetic.

[0222] The entire armature 13 may not be permanently magnetic. In the case where the entire armature 13 is not permanently magnetic, the armature 13 may be hollow. As a non-limiting example, the hollow armature 13 may include a hollow cylinder. As another non-limiting example, the hollow armature 13 may include a tubular member.

[0223] The hollow armature 13 preferably comprises an electrically conductive material, such as steel, in particular ferrite steel and / or austenite steel. In a particular embodiment, the hollow armature 13 is made of an electrically conductive material, such as steel, in particular ferrite steel and / or austenite steel. In an embodiment, the armature 13 comprises an electrically conductive material, such as copper and / or aluminum and / or alloys thereof. In a particular embodiment, the hollow armature 13 is made of an electrically conductive material, such as copper and / or aluminum and / or alloys thereof.

[0224] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the hollow armature 13 includes a plurality of conductive bars. The plurality of conductive bars have a first end and have a second end. The first end of the plurality of conductive bars is advantageously different from the second end of the plurality of conductive bars. The first conductive portion may be arranged at the first end of the plurality of conductive bars. The first conductive portion electrically interconnects several or all of the plurality of conductive bars. Therefore, the first conductive portion provides conductivity between several or all of the plurality of conductive bars. The first conductive portion may include a conductive material, such as steel and / or copper and / or aluminum and / or an alloy thereof. The first conductive portion may also be made of a conductive material, such as steel and / or copper and / or aluminum and / or an alloy thereof.

[0225] The second conductive part can be arranged at the second end of the plurality of conductive bars. The second conductive part electrically interconnects several or all of the plurality of conductive bars of the hollow armature 13. Therefore, the second conductive part provides conductivity between several or all of the plurality of conductive bars. The second conductive part may include a conductive material such as steel and / or copper and / or aluminum and / or an alloy thereof. The second conductive part may also be made of a conductive material such as steel and / or copper and / or aluminum and / or an alloy thereof. The second conductive part of the hollow armature 13 is preferably different from the first conductive part of the hollow armature 13.

[0226] exist Figure 2 1 and 2. The one or more windings 15a, 15b of the sensor 7 are illustrated in FIG. Current will flow through the one or more windings 15a, 15b in response to the movement of the armature 13. For this purpose, the one or more windings 15a, 15b are arranged in close proximity to the armature 13. It is envisaged that the sensor 7, such as the position sensor 7, comprises an annular portion.

[0227] Considering accurate reading, the closest distance between one or more windings 15a, 15b and the armature 13 is preferably less than 20 mm. The closest distance between one or more windings 15a, 15b and the armature 13 may even be less than 10 mm. It is also contemplated that the closest distance between one or more windings 15a, 15b and the armature 13 may be less than 5 mm.

[0228] Figure 2 The sensor 7 illustrated in FIG. 1 with one or more windings 15a, 15b is a sensor with a static measuring principle. Due to the static measuring principle, moving parts such as, for example, wipers of a potentiometer are avoided. The static measuring principle is preferred because it has been found that moving parts may lead to inaccurate measurement results and require frequent maintenance. In addition, Figure 2 The sensor 7 shown in FIG. 7 is not susceptible to malfunction due to ions blocking the optical path.

[0229] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The valve 5 shown in the figure is a two-way valve. The present disclosure is also applicable to a three-way valve. Figure 2 The actuator including the armature 13 and the solenoid 14 shown in FIG. 1 is a linear actuator. The present disclosure is not limited to linear actuators. Rather, the present disclosure is also applicable to nonlinear actuators such as stepping motors.

[0230] The characteristic value or characteristic curve of the adjustable orifice system gives the correct relationship between the medium flow rate and the position of the adjustable orifice. More specifically, it gives the correct relationship between the flow rate of the refrigerant and the position of the adjustable orifice. This relationship is based on the assumption of constant pressure. The concept of the characteristic curve is equally applicable to control valves with adjustable orifice systems.

[0231] The orifice adjustment system 11, 12, 13, 14a, 14b can be configured such that it has a linear characteristic curve. Figure 3 1 shows a linear characteristic curve 16 of the flow rate 17 of the refrigerant 17 and the position 18 of the adjustable orifice. According to this characteristic curve, the flow rate Φ is a linear function of the position x of the adjustable orifice:

[0232] Φ∝x

[0233] This linear characteristic curve can be achieved by shaping the movable parts 11, 12, by means of which the orifice is adjusted. This linear characteristic curve can also be achieved by means of actuators 6, 13, 14a, 14b, wherein the actuators move the adjustable orifices 11, 12. This linear characteristic curve can also be achieved or changed by processing the signals sent by the controller 8 to the actuators 6, 13, 14a, 14b. More specifically, the signals sent by the controller 8 to the actuators 6, 13, 14a, 14b are modified. Thus, the linear characteristic curve is achieved or changed in a software manner.

[0234] The orifice adjustment system 11, 12, 13, 14a, 14b can also be configured so that it has an equal percentage characteristic curve. Figure 3 The figure shows an equal percentage characteristic curve 19 of the flow rate 17 of the refrigerant and the position 18 of the adjustable orifice. According to this characteristic curve, the flow rate Φ is an exponential function of the position x of the adjustable orifice:

[0235] Φ∝e x

[0236] Regardless of the position x, the exponential function e x It will never be zero. Since it is necessary to close the adjustable orifice in many cases, the equal percentage characteristic curve is usually supplemented with a linear curve at small flow rates. Then, the equal percentage curve at small flow rates includes a linear part, and when the adjustable orifices 11, 12 are closed, the linear part crosses zero.

[0237] Such an equal percentage characteristic curve can be achieved by shaping a movable part, by means of which the orifice is adjusted. Such an equal percentage characteristic curve can also be achieved by means of an actuator, wherein the actuator moves the adjustable orifice. The equal percentage characteristic curve can be achieved or changed by processing the signal sent by the controller 8 to the actuator 6. More specifically, the signal sent by the controller 8 to the actuator 6 is modified. Thus, the equal percentage characteristic curve is achieved or changed in software.

[0238] As described in detail herein, the present disclosure relates to a cold exchange system (1), comprising: a control system and one or more heat exchangers (3), the one or more heat exchangers (3) being connected to a piping system through which a refrigerant is distributed, the control system being associated with at least one of the one or more heat exchangers (3), the control system comprising:

[0239] An orifice regulating system (5, 6) formed by a two-way or three-way valve (5) and an actuator (6), the valve (5) comprising a flow chamber with an adjustable orifice (11, 12) in a pipe section;

[0240] The control system comprises a position sensor (7) configured to sense the position of the adjustable orifice (11, 12) and / or the actuator (6) and output a signal indicative of the sensed position, the position sensor (7) having a static measurement principle;

[0241] The control system includes a controller (8) in communication with the orifice adjustment system (5, 6) and the position sensor (7);

[0242] wherein the controller (8) is configured to evaluate a signal indicative of the sensed position with the set position of the adjustable orifice (11, 12) and output a control signal based on the evaluation result; and

[0243] an orifice adjustment system (5, 6) configured to adjust the adjustable orifice (11, 12) in response to a control signal;

[0244] In this case, the characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) is changed by software in the control system.

[0245] In an embodiment, the control system is configured to control the flow of refrigerant through the piping sections of the piping system.

[0246] At least one of the heat energy exchangers (3) is preferably in fluid communication with the adjustable orifice (11, 12). At least one of the heat energy exchangers (3) is desirably connected to the adjustable orifice (11, 12).

[0247] In one embodiment, the signal indicative of the sensed position comprises an electrical signal indicative of the sensed position. The signal indicative of the sensed position is ideally an electrical signal indicative of the sensed position. More specifically, the signal indicative of the sensed position may comprise an electrical signal indicative of the actual sensed position of the adjustable orifice (11, 12) and / or the actuator (6). The signal indicative of the sensed position may even be an electrical signal indicative of the actual sensed position of the adjustable orifice (11, 12) and / or the actuator (6).

[0248] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1), wherein the characteristic curve is changed by adjusting the position of the adjustable orifices (11, 12) by the actuator (6).

[0249] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above cold exchange systems (1), wherein changing the characteristic curve involves at least one of the following:

[0250] - modify the control signal,

[0251] - the controller (8) modifies the control signal,

[0252] - modifying the set position of the adjustable orifices (11, 12),

[0253] - The controller (8) modifies the set position of the adjustable orifices (11, 12).

[0254] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1), wherein the control system is configured to control the orifice regulating system (5, 6) based on a changed characteristic curve.

[0255] An actuator (6) is mechanically connected to the adjustable orifices (11, 12).

[0256] The present disclosure also relates to any one of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1),

[0257] The actuator (6) is configured to adjust the adjustable orifice (11, 12) in response to a control signal.

[0258] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above cold exchange systems (1), wherein the position sensor (7) comprises at least one inductor.

[0259] The at least one inductor of the position sensor (7) preferably comprises one or more windings. It is envisaged that the at least one inductor comprises at least one coil. It is also envisaged that the at least one inductor is at least one coil. More specifically, the at least one inductor may comprise at least one coil of a linear variable inductance transducer. The at least one inductor may be at least one coil of a linear variable inductance transducer.

[0260] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1) comprising an inductor, wherein at least one inductor of the position sensor (7) encloses a movable part of at least one of:

[0261] - adjustable orifices (11, 12),

[0262] - Actuator (6).

[0263] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1) comprising an inductor, wherein the position sensor (7) comprises an amplifier electrically connected to at least one inductor, the amplifier being configured to amplify a current signal received from the at least one inductor and output a signal indicative of the sensed position in analog form.

[0264] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1) comprising an inductor, wherein the position sensor (7) comprises an amplifier electrically connected to at least one inductor and an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the amplifier, the amplifier being configured to amplify a current signal received from the at least one inductor and output the amplified signal to the analog-to-digital converter; and

[0265] The analog-to-digital converter is configured to output a signal indicative of the sensed position in digital form in response to receiving the amplified signal.

[0266] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1) comprising at least one inductor, wherein the position sensor (7) comprises an amplifier electrically connected to the at least one inductor and a Σ-Δ converter electrically connected to the amplifier, the amplifier being configured to amplify a current signal received from the at least one inductor and output the amplified signal to the Σ-Δ converter; and

[0267] The sigma-delta converter is configured to output a signal indicative of the sensed position in digital form in response to receiving the amplified signal.

[0268] The amplifier preferably comprises an operational amplifier.

[0269] The sensor (7) having a digital output signal minimizes the loss of accuracy when the signal is transmitted to the controller (8).

[0270] The present disclosure also relates to any one of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1),

[0271] The characteristic curve is changed from a linear characteristic curve (16) to a characteristic curve different from the linear characteristic curve (16), or vice versa.

[0272] The present disclosure also relates to any one of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1),

[0273] The characteristic curve is changed from an equal percentage characteristic curve (19) to a characteristic curve (16) different from an equal percentage characteristic curve, or vice versa.

[0274] The combination of the equal percentage characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) and the characteristics of the heat exchanger (3) improves control. The combination of the equal percentage characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) and the characteristics of the heat exchanger (3) can produce a linear system. Therefore, the system can be controlled as a linear system instead of a nonlinear system. Linear systems are generally easier to control than nonlinear systems.

[0275] The present disclosure also relates to any one of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1),

[0276] wherein the controller (8) includes a non-volatile memory storing firmware; and

[0277] The characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) is changed by software using the firmware of the controller (8).

[0278] The firmware solution enables the manufacture, commissioning and installation of the cold exchange system (1) on an industrial scale. That is, it is no longer necessary to program the controller (8) of the cold exchange system (1) individually on site. Instead, the firmware and the changes in the characteristic curves are programmed during manufacture.

[0279] The present disclosure also relates to any one of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1),

[0280] wherein the control system comprises a first temperature sensor provided along the pipe system at a position before at least one heat exchanger (3); and

[0281] The first temperature sensor is configured to sense the supply temperature of the refrigerant entering at least one heat energy exchanger (3).

[0282] The present disclosure also relates to any one of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1),

[0283] wherein the control system comprises a second temperature sensor provided along the pipe system at a position after the at least one heat exchanger (3); and

[0284] The second temperature sensor is configured to sense the return temperature of the refrigerant leaving the at least one heat energy exchanger (3).

[0285] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above cold exchange systems (1), wherein the control system comprises a communication link towards a central controller.

[0286] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1) comprising a communication link, wherein a controller (8) of the control system is configured to transmit at least one of the following to a central controller via the communication link:

[0287] - a signal indicative of the sensed position,

[0288] - a value derived from a signal indicative of the sensed position.

[0289] The central unit can then monitor the actual position and determine the wear of any movable parts of the adjustable orifice system (5, 6).

[0290] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above-mentioned cold exchange systems (1) comprising a communication link and a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, wherein the controller (8) is in communication connection with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor;

[0291] wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are configured to output a temperature signal and send it to a controller (8);

[0292] wherein the controller (8) is configured to receive temperature signals from the temperature sensors and determine the temperature difference based on these temperature signals; and

[0293] The controller (8) is configured to transmit the temperature difference to a central controller via a communication link.

[0294] The central unit can then monitor the temperature difference across at least one heat exchanger (3).

[0295] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above systems comprising a temperature signal sent to a controller (8),

[0296] The controller (8) is configured to receive temperature signals from temperature sensors, generate a first temperature measurement value based on the temperature signal received from the first temperature sensor, generate a second temperature measurement value based on the temperature signal received from the second temperature sensor, and determine a temperature difference based on the first measurement value and the second measurement value.

[0297] The present disclosure also relates to any of the above systems comprising a temperature signal sent to a controller (8),

[0298] The refrigerant is selected from and / or selected from at least one of the following:

[0299] -R-401A refrigerant,

[0300] -R-404A refrigerant,

[0301] -R-406A refrigerant,

[0302] -R-407A refrigerant,

[0303] -R-407C refrigerant,

[0304] -R-408A refrigerant,

[0305] -R-409A refrigerant,

[0306] -R-410A refrigerant,

[0307] -R-438A refrigerant,

[0308] -R-500 type refrigerant,

[0309] -R-502 type refrigerant,

[0310] - ammonia,

[0311] - A mixture thereof.

[0312] It is emphasized that the foregoing relates only to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. Many changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims. It should also be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Various modifications may be made within the scope of the following claims.

[0313] Reference numerals

[0314] 1 Cold exchange system

[0315] 2 Compressor

[0316] 3 Heat exchanger

[0317] 4 Condenser

[0318] 5 valves

[0319] 6 Actuator

[0320] 7 Sensors

[0321] 8 Controller

[0322] 9 First Port

[0323] 10 Second Port

[0324] 11, 12 Adjustable orifice

[0325] 13 Armature

[0326] 14a, 14b Solenoid

[0327] 15a, 15b Inductor

[0328] 16 Linear characteristic curve

[0329] 17 Flow rate

[0330] 18 Valve position

[0331] 19 Equal percentage characteristic curve

Claims

1. A cold exchange system (1), comprising: A control system and one or more heat energy exchangers (3), the one or more heat energy exchangers (3) being connected to a pipe system through which the refrigerant is distributed, the control system being associated with at least one of the one or more heat energy exchangers (3), the control system comprising: An orifice regulating system (5, 6) formed by a two-way or three-way valve (5) and an actuator (6), the valve (5) comprising a flow chamber with an adjustable orifice (11, 12) in the pipe section; The control system comprises a position sensor (7) configured to sense the position of the adjustable orifice (11, 12) and / or the position of the actuator (6) and output a signal indicative of the sensed position; The control system includes a controller (8) in communication with the orifice adjustment system (5, 6) and the position sensor (7); The orifice adjustment system (5, 6) is configured to adjust the adjustable orifice (11, 12) in response to a control signal; wherein a change of the characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) is implemented in the control system by software; It is characterized in that The position sensor has a static measuring principle and The controller (8) is configured to compare the signal indicative of the sensed position with the set position of the adjustable orifice (11, 12) and output the control signal based on the comparison result.

2. The cold exchange system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the position sensor (7) comprises at least one inductor.

3. The cold exchange system (1) according to claim 2, wherein the at least one inductor of the position sensor (7) surrounds a movable part of at least one of: - said adjustable orifices (11, 12), - said actuator (6).

4. A cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the position sensor (7) includes an amplifier electrically connected to the at least one inductor, the amplifier being configured to amplify a current signal received from the at least one inductor and output a signal indicative of the sensed position in analog form.

5. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the position sensor (7) comprises an amplifier electrically connected to the at least one inductor and an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the amplifier, the amplifier being configured to amplify a current signal received from the at least one inductor and output the amplified signal to the analog-to-digital converter; and The analog-to-digital converter is configured to output the signal indicative of the sensed position in digital form in response to receiving the amplified signal.

6. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the position sensor (7) comprises an amplifier electrically connected to the at least one inductor and a Σ-Δ converter electrically connected to the amplifier, the amplifier being configured to amplify a current signal received from the at least one inductor and output the amplified signal to the Σ-Δ converter; and The sigma-delta converter is configured to output the signal indicative of the sensed position in digital form in response to receiving the amplified signal.

7. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the characteristic curve changes from a linear characteristic curve (16) to a characteristic curve different from the linear characteristic curve (16), or changes from a characteristic curve different from the linear characteristic curve (16) to the linear characteristic curve (16); wherein the controller (8) includes a non-volatile memory storing firmware; and The software-based variation of the characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) is implemented using the firmware of the controller (8).

8. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the characteristic curve changes from an equal percentage characteristic curve (19) to a characteristic curve different from the equal percentage characteristic curve (16), or changes from a characteristic curve different from the equal percentage characteristic curve (16) to an equal percentage characteristic curve (19); wherein the controller (8) includes a non-volatile memory storing firmware; and The software-based variation of the characteristic curve of the orifice regulating system (5, 6) is implemented using the firmware of the controller (8).

9. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the control system comprises a first temperature sensor provided along the pipe system at a position before the at least one heat exchanger (3); and The first temperature sensor is configured to sense the supply temperature of the refrigerant entering the at least one heat energy exchanger (3).

10. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the control system comprises a second temperature sensor provided along the pipe system at a position after the at least one heat exchanger (3); and Wherein the second temperature sensor is configured to sense a return temperature of the refrigerant leaving the at least one heat energy exchanger (3).

11. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, Wherein the control system includes a communication link towards a central controller.

12. The cold exchange system (1) according to claim 11, wherein the controller (8) of the control system is configured to transmit to the central controller via the communication link at least one of the following: - said signal being indicative of the sensed position, - a value derived from said signal being indicative of said sensed position.

13. The cold exchange system (1) according to claims 9, 10 and 11, wherein the controller (8) is in communication connection with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are configured to output a temperature signal and send the temperature signal to the controller (8); wherein the controller (8) is configured to receive the temperature signal from the temperature sensor and determine a temperature difference based on the temperature signal; and Wherein the controller (8) is configured to transmit the temperature difference to the central controller via the communication link.

14. The cold exchange system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the refrigerant is selected from at least one of the following: -R-401A refrigerant, -R-404A refrigerant, -R-406A refrigerant, -R-407A refrigerant, -R-407C refrigerant, -R-408A refrigerant, -R-409A refrigerant, -R-410A refrigerant, -R-438A refrigerant, -R-500 refrigerant, -R-502 refrigerant, -Ammonia, A mixture of them.

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