Solar cell panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cell panel automatic tracking systems, in particular to a shadow difference-based solar cell panel automatic tracking system, which comprises a solar cell panel, a bead, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information judgment module and a communication module, the convex edge is vertically connected to the surface of the solar cell panel and located at the center position, and the convex edge divides the solar cell panel into a left side and a right side which are equally divided; the adjusting module is connected between the solar cell panel and the bracket and is used for adjusting the angle of the solar cell panel; the detection module is used for detecting and obtaining electric quantity information of the solar cell panel; the control module obtains the electric quantity difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel; the adjustment information determination module obtains information about whether the angle of the solar cell panel needs to be adjusted. According to the method, the angle of the sunlight is judged by utilizing the shadow difference, the dependence on a photoelectric sensor is reduced, and the accuracy of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solar panel automatic tracking systems, and in particular to a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow differences. Background Art

[0002] The efficiency of solar panels' power generation depends on the angle at which they face the sun, so improving the panels' ability to track the sun is crucial.

[0003] The application document with publication number CN110955267A discloses a tracking solar panel, including a solar panel, a lifting device is installed at the center of the lower surface of the solar panel, a plurality of photoelectric sensors are evenly distributed on the upper surface of the solar panel, and the lifting device and each photoelectric sensor are respectively connected to a control system.

[0004] The photoelectric sensors in the prior art are easily affected by dust, pollution and occlusion, and require regular cleaning and calibration. Especially in multi-sensor configurations, the failure rate is high. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the tracking accuracy. In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, an automatic tracking system for solar panels based on shadow differences is proposed.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, the system comprises a solar panel, a rib, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module; the solar panel is rotatably connected to the bracket; the rib is vertically connected to the surface of the solar panel and is located at the center, and the rib divides the solar panel into a left side and a right side of equal parts; the adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket, and the adjustment module is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel; the detection module is used to detect and obtain information on the power of the solar panel, and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel according to the information on the power of the solar panel, and transmits it to the adjustment information determination module; the adjustment information determination module obtains information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted according to the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, and transmits it to the communication module; the communication module transmits the information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the user end.

[0008] Optionally, the system also includes a starting module; the adjustment information determination module also transmits information that requires adjustment of the angle of the solar panel to the starting module; the starting module starts the detection module after receiving the information; the detection module is used to detect and obtain relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains an updated angle of the solar panel based on the relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmits it to the adjustment module and the communication module; the adjustment module adjusts the angle of the solar panel based on the updated angle of the solar panel; the communication module transmits the updated angle of the solar panel to the user end.

[0009] Optionally, the detection module includes a power detection submodule, a visual detection submodule, an information setting submodule, a temperature detection submodule and an altitude angle detection submodule; the power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the visual detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the current angle of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the information setting submodule is used to set the height of the ridge, the width of the ridge, the scale factor, the projection factor, the angle attenuation factor and the ambient temperature factor, and transmit them to the control module; the temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, and transmit it to the control module; the altitude angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the altitude angle of sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module sets the height of the solar panel according to the power on the left side and The power on the right side of the solar panel is used to obtain the power difference and adjustment factor between the left and right sides of the solar panel. The maximum projection area of ​​the ridge is obtained according to the height and width of the ridge. The ridge projection area difference index is obtained according to the height of the ridge, the altitude angle of sunlight, the current angle of the solar panel and the width of the ridge. The relationship function is obtained according to the projection factor, the ridge projection area difference index, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, the angle attenuation factor, the current angle of the solar panel, the ambient temperature factor and the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment. The angle adjustment index of the solar panel is obtained according to the relationship function, the proportional factor, the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel. The updated angle of the solar panel is obtained according to the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the adjustment factor.

[0010] Optionally, the visual detection submodule includes an acquisition unit, a preprocessing unit, a feature recognition unit and a calculation unit; the acquisition unit is used to capture and obtain an initial image; the preprocessing unit preprocesses the initial image; the feature recognition unit recognizes features in the preprocessed initial image through an image processing algorithm; the calculation unit calculates the current angle of the solar panel based on the recognized feature information and transmits it to the control module.

[0011] Optionally, when the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied:

[0012] θ new =θ current -θ adjust ×D; where θ new is the update angle of the solar panel, θ current is the current angle of the solar panel, θ adjust is the angle adjustment index of the solar panel, and D is the adjustment factor.

[0013] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0014] 1. Setting ridges on the surface of solar panels and using shadow differences to determine the angle of sunlight. This method reduces the reliance on photoelectric sensors, thereby significantly reducing costs, avoiding failures and maintenance problems caused by photoelectric sensors, and improving the stability and durability of the system.

[0015] 2. The system includes a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module, forming a relatively complete closed-loop feedback structure. Multiple modules work in coordination to achieve more precise angle adjustment.

[0016] To further understand the features and technical contents of the present invention, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. However, the drawings provided are only for reference and description and are not intended to limit the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection module in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the visual detection submodule in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is the effect diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection module in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a rendering of the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified and changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the drawings of the present invention are only simple schematic illustrations and are not depicted according to actual dimensions. It is stated in advance. The following embodiments will further explain the relevant technical contents of the present invention in detail, but the disclosed contents are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1: This embodiment provides a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, combined with Figures 1 to 4 shown.

[0026] A solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, the system comprises a solar panel, a rib, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module; the solar panel is rotatably connected to the bracket; the rib is vertically connected to the surface of the solar panel and is located at the center, and the rib divides the solar panel into a left side and a right side of equal parts; the adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket, and the adjustment module is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel; the detection module is used to detect and obtain information on the power of the solar panel, and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel according to the information on the power of the solar panel, and transmits it to the adjustment information determination module; the adjustment information determination module obtains information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted according to the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, and transmits it to the communication module; the communication module transmits the information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the user end.

[0027] Specifically, the adjustment module can be a motor; by setting a ridge on the surface of the solar panel, when the panel is not facing the sun, the shadow of the ridge will cover part of the solar panel, resulting in an unbalanced power output on both sides of the solar panel. The system determines whether the solar panel needs to be adjusted by detecting the difference in power on both sides.

[0028] Optionally, the control module calculates the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel by referring to the following formula:

[0029] ΔP=|P L -P R |;

[0030] Among them, ΔP is the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel, P L is the power on the left side of the solar panel, PR is the power on the right side of the solar panel.

[0031] When the control module calculates the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel, refer to the following program code:

[0032]

[0033] delta_P=calculate_power_difference(P_L,P_R)

[0034] print("Power difference ΔP:",delta_P)

[0035] Optionally, the system also includes a starting module; the adjustment information determination module also transmits information that requires adjustment of the angle of the solar panel to the starting module; the starting module starts the detection module after receiving the information; the detection module is used to detect and obtain relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains an updated angle of the solar panel based on the relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmits it to the adjustment module and the communication module; the adjustment module adjusts the angle of the solar panel based on the updated angle of the solar panel; the communication module transmits the updated angle of the solar panel to the user end.

[0036] Optionally, the detection module includes a power detection submodule, a visual detection submodule, an information setting submodule, a temperature detection submodule and an altitude angle detection submodule; the power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the visual detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the current angle of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the information setting submodule is used to set the height of the ridge, the width of the ridge, the scale factor, the projection factor, the angle attenuation factor and the ambient temperature factor, and transmit them to the control module; the temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, and transmit it to the control module; the altitude angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the altitude angle of sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module sets the height of the solar panel according to the power on the left side and The power on the right side of the solar panel is used to obtain the power difference and adjustment factor between the left and right sides of the solar panel. The maximum projection area of ​​the ridge is obtained according to the height and width of the ridge. The ridge projection area difference index is obtained according to the height of the ridge, the altitude angle of sunlight, the current angle of the solar panel and the width of the ridge. The relationship function is obtained according to the projection factor, the ridge projection area difference index, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, the angle attenuation factor, the current angle of the solar panel, the ambient temperature factor and the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment. The angle adjustment index of the solar panel is obtained according to the relationship function, the proportional factor, the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel. The updated angle of the solar panel is obtained according to the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the adjustment factor.

[0037] Optionally, the visual detection submodule includes an acquisition unit, a preprocessing unit, a feature recognition unit and a calculation unit; the acquisition unit is used to capture and obtain an initial image; the preprocessing unit preprocesses the initial image; the feature recognition unit recognizes features in the preprocessed initial image through an image processing algorithm; the calculation unit calculates the current angle of the solar panel based on the recognized feature information and transmits it to the control module.

[0038] Optionally, when the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied:

[0039] θ new =θ current -θ adjust ×D; where θ new is the update angle of the solar panel, θ current is the current angle of the solar panel, θ adjust is the angle adjustment index of the solar panel, and D is the adjustment factor.

[0040] Optionally, the control module satisfies the following formula when calculating:

[0041]

[0042] A proj =|h×tan(θ sun )-h×tan(θ sun +|θ sun -θ current |)|×w;

[0043] A max =h×w;

[0044]

[0045] Among them, P L is the power on the left side of the solar panel, P R is the power on the right side of the solar panel, γ is the proportional factor, f(A proj ,θ current ,T env ) is the relationship function;

[0046] α is the projection factor, A proj A is the difference index of the ridge projection area, max is the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, β is the angle attenuation factor, κ is the ambient temperature factor, T env Ambient temperature before adjustment for solar panels;

[0047] h is the height of the ridge, θ sun is the altitude angle of sunlight, and w is the width of the ridge.

[0048] When the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, refer to the following program code:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Specifically, the units of the solar panel update angle, the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the solar altitude angle are all degrees, and the solar altitude angle is the angle between sunlight and the ground plane; the units of the ridge projection area difference index and the ridge maximum projection area are both square centimeters; the unit of the ambient temperature before the solar panel is adjusted is degrees Celsius; the units of the ridge height and the ridge width are both centimeters.

[0052] The proportional factor is obtained by those skilled in the art through experiments. The system is adjusted multiple times. When the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel is known, the technicians change the angle of the solar panel so that the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel is within the target range. The target range is set by those skilled in the art. That is, the angle adjustment value of the solar panel corresponding to each experiment can be the value corresponding to the reasonable difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel obtained by those skilled in the art after adjustment. The following is a detailed example to explain. Regarding the proportional factor, the following formula is applied: Where n is the number of experimental samples, θ a,i is the angle adjustment value of the solar panel corresponding to the i-th experiment, ΔP i For the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel before the i-th experiment adjustment, the proportional factor can be set to 1.9 in this embodiment; the projection factor is set to 0.8 in this embodiment; the angle attenuation factor is set to 0.05 in this embodiment; and the ambient temperature factor is set to 0.005 in this embodiment.

[0053] The above units are only examples, and those skilled in the art may set different units according to actual needs when implementing this solution.

[0054] This embodiment solves the problem of low accuracy of traditional tracking systems by setting ridges on the surface of solar panels and using shadow differences to determine the angle of sunlight. This method reduces the reliance on photoelectric sensors, thereby significantly reducing costs, avoiding failures and maintenance problems caused by photoelectric sensors, and improving the stability and durability of the system.

[0055] Embodiment 2: This embodiment includes all the contents of embodiment 1, and provides a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, combined with Figures 5 to 7 shown.

[0056] An automatic tracking system for solar panels based on shadow differences, the system also includes a work determination module;

[0057] The detection module also includes a power detection submodule, a light intensity detection submodule and an incident angle detection submodule;

[0058] The power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the actual value of the output power of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module;

[0059] The light intensity detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the sunlight intensity and transmit it to the control module;

[0060] The incident angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the solar incident angle and transmit it to the control module;

[0061] The information setting submodule is also used to set a first threshold value of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted, a second threshold value of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted, and an area of ​​the solar panel, and transmit the values ​​to the control module;

[0062] The temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module;

[0063] The control module obtains a theoretical value of the output power of the solar panel according to the area of ​​the solar panel, the solar illumination intensity and the solar incident angle, obtains an ambient temperature influence index according to the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel, the first threshold value of the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel and the second threshold value of the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel, obtains a calculation index of the output power of the solar panel according to the measured value of the output power of the solar panel and the ambient temperature influence index, obtains a work index of the solar panel according to the calculation index of the output power of the solar panel and the theoretical value of the output power of the solar panel, and transmits the work index of the solar panel to the work determination module;

[0064] The work determination module obtains information on whether the work of the solar panel is normal according to the work index of the solar panel, and transmits the information to the communication module;

[0065] The communication module transmits the work index of the solar panel to the user end.

[0066] Specifically, when the work determination module makes a determination, the following principles are referred to: when the work index of the solar panel is greater than or equal to the selection threshold of the work index of the solar panel, it indicates that the work of the solar panel is abnormal; when the work index of the solar panel is less than the selection threshold of the work index of the solar panel, it indicates that the work of the solar panel is normal; the selection threshold of the work index of the solar panel is set by those skilled in the art.

[0067] Optionally, when the control module calculates the work index of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied:

[0068]

[0069] P j =P a ×Temp;

[0070]

[0071] P e =s×Ι sun ×cos(θ r );

[0072] Among them, Pd is the work index of the solar panel, P j P is the calculation index of the output power of solar panels. e is the theoretical value of the solar panel output power;

[0073] P a is the measured value of the solar panel output power, Temp is the ambient temperature impact index, wd is the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted, and temp 1 is the first threshold of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted, temp 2 a second threshold value of the ambient temperature adjusted for the solar panel;

[0074] s is the area of ​​the solar panel, sun is the sunlight intensity, θ r is the solar incidence angle.

[0075] When the control module calculates the work done by the solar panel, refer to the following program code:

[0076]

[0077] Pd=abs((Pj-Pe) / Pj)

[0078] Specifically, the units of the calculation index of the solar panel output power, the theoretical value of the solar panel output power and the measured value of the solar panel output power are all watts. The first threshold value of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted and the second threshold value of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted are set by those skilled in the art. The unit of the area of ​​the solar panel is square centimeters; the unit of the sunlight intensity is watt square centimeters; the solar incident angle is the angle between the sunlight and the normal direction of the solar panel.

[0079] The measured value of the solar panel output power is calculated through current and voltage. Changes in ambient temperature have a significant impact on the output power of the solar panel. As the ambient temperature increases, the voltage of the solar panel usually decreases. Although the current may increase slightly, the voltage drop is often more obvious, so the measured value of the solar panel output power will decrease; in a low temperature environment, the voltage of the solar panel will increase, while the current may remain unchanged or decrease slightly. Since the effect of increased voltage on power is usually more significant, the measured value of the solar panel output power will increase.

[0080] The above units are only examples, and those skilled in the art may set different units according to actual needs when implementing this solution.

[0081] This embodiment solves the problem that the traditional tracking system is relatively single. The addition of the power detection submodule enables the system to evaluate the power generation efficiency of the panel in real time, facilitating a quick response to possible faults or abnormal conditions.

[0082] The contents disclosed above are only preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical changes made using the contents of the present invention description and drawings are included in the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the elements therein can be updated as technology develops.

Claims

1. Solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, characterized by: The system includes a solar cell panel, a ridge, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module; The solar cell panel is rotatably connected to the bracket; The convex ridge is vertically connected to the surface of the solar cell panel and is located at the center, and the convex ridge divides the solar cell panel into a left side and a right side in equal parts; The adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket, and is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel; The detection module is used to detect and obtain information about the power of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module; The control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel based on the power information of the solar panel, and transmits it to the adjustment information determination module; The adjustment information determination module obtains information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted according to the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel, and transmits the information to the communication module; The communication module transmits information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the user end.

2. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a startup module; The adjustment information determination module also transmits information about the need to adjust the angle of the solar panel to the start module; The starting module starts the detection module after receiving the information; The detection module is used to detect and obtain relevant information of the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; The control module obtains the update angle of the solar panel based on the relevant information of the ridges, ambient temperature and sunlight, and transmits it to the adjustment module and the communication module; The adjustment module adjusts the angle of the solar panel according to the updated angle of the solar panel; The communication module transmits the updated angle of the solar panel to the user end.

3. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The detection module includes a power detection submodule, a visual detection submodule, an information setting submodule, a temperature detection submodule and an altitude angle detection submodule; The power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; The visual detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the current angle of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module; The information setting submodule is used to set the height of the ridge, the width of the ridge, the scale factor, the projection factor, the angle attenuation factor and the ambient temperature factor, and transmit them to the control module; The temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, and transmit it to the control module; The altitude angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the altitude angle of sunlight and transmit it to the control module; The control module obtains the power difference and adjustment factor between the left and right sides of the solar panel according to the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, obtains the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge according to the height of the ridge and the width of the ridge, obtains the ridge projection area difference index according to the height of the ridge, the altitude angle of sunlight, the current angle of the solar panel and the width of the ridge, obtains the relationship function according to the projection factor, the ridge projection area difference index, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, the angle attenuation factor, the current angle of the solar panel, the ambient temperature factor and the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, obtains the angle adjustment index of the solar panel according to the relationship function, the proportional factor, the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and obtains the updated angle of the solar panel according to the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the adjustment factor.

4. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The visual detection submodule includes a collection unit, a preprocessing unit, a feature recognition unit and a calculation unit; The acquisition unit is used to capture and obtain an initial image; The preprocessing unit preprocesses the initial image; The feature recognition unit recognizes features in the preprocessed initial image through an image processing algorithm; The calculation unit calculates the current angle of the solar panel based on the identified characteristic information and transmits the calculated angle to the control module.

5. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied: i new =θ current -θ adjust ×D; Among them, θ new is the update angle of the solar panel, θ current is the current angle of the solar panel, θ adjust is the angle adjustment index of the solar panel, and D is the adjustment factor.

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