V-shaped spring

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering. The V-shaped spring comprises a first end plate, a second end and at least one middle plate, wherein the first end plate and the second end plate are arranged in parallel and bent in a V shape, and the middle plate is arranged between the first end plate and the second end plate. And an elastic material layer is arranged between each pair of adjacent plates. The width L1 of the first end plate is larger than the width L2 of the second end plate, the thickness of the first end plate is equal to the thickness of the second end plate and larger than the thickness of the at least one middle plate, and the width of the at least one middle plate is between the value L1 and the value L2. An opening is provided in each layer of elastomeric material in a bending region of an adjacent plate, the axis of the opening being substantially parallel to the plate. And the width of the opening is gradually reduced from the elastic material layer close to the first end plate to the elastic material layer close to the second end plate. The working reliability of the V-shaped spring can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to a spring and a V-shaped spring, namely a vibration reduction mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Vibration damping mechanisms are devices, usually made of elastic materials, which are able to reduce the loads on components and entire devices under the action of external forces. Such devices are vehicle suspensions, such as leaf springs, which belong to the category of vibration damping rubber metal products.

[0003] At present, in the field of mechanical engineering, for example in the construction of carriages, a wide variety of leaf springs are used. The leaf springs of modern tram bogies mainly use two-stage spring suspension. The first stage is the axle box spring suspension, which is arranged between the wheelset and the bogie frame. The second stage is the central spring suspension, which is arranged between the bogie frame and the main beam of the car body. The axle box spring suspension is designed to reduce the impact on the mechanical parts fixed to the bogie frame, while the central leaf spring suspension is designed to reduce the impact of shock and vibration loads on passengers and body equipment when the tram runs on uneven tracks.

[0004] British patent GB950862 "Improvements in or relating to railway vehicles" (published on February 26, 1964, IPC B61F5 / 14) discloses a leaf spring made of alternating metal sheets and rubber vibration-damping inserts. The outer metal sheets of the leaf spring also serve as fasteners and are thicker than the other metal sheets of the leaf spring. In order for the load to act mainly in compression, the compression axis of the leaf spring is arranged obliquely so that each subsequent layer of the leaf spring is offset relative to the previous layer of the leaf spring. The metal sheets (and rubber layers) of the leaf spring can have different sizes, for example, their size gradually increases from one end of the leaf spring to the other end. And, in order to form reinforcing ribs, the metal sheets of the leaf spring are made curved, especially V-shaped.

[0005] The major disadvantage of this solution is that in the bending region of the metal sheet, excessive stresses are generated in the rubber layer of the leaf spring, which leads to a shortened service life of the entire leaf spring.

[0006] Known Russian Federation patent RU99561 "Elastic support" (published on November 20, 2010, IPC F16F1 / 34, F16F1 / 36), discloses an elastic support comprising a housing made of elastic material, fixed on a plurality of parallel disks with a central hole, the housing being arranged between support plates provided with at least one hole and provided with elements for fastening to the frame or axle of the vehicle. The mechanical connection is designed to limit the mutual separation between the support plates, characterized in that at least one support plate is provided with a groove having an inner quadratic surface, the mechanical connection being realized by a rigid element.

[0007] The main disadvantage of this technical solution is that it is complex in design and requires additional elements (such as bolts and nuts) to achieve the mechanical connection between the plates. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to design a V-shaped spring to improve its vibration reduction characteristics, durability and working reliability.

[0009] The technical effect to be achieved by the present invention is to reduce the load borne by the elastic element in the bending area of ​​the V-shaped spring, which may cause damage to the elastic element, thereby improving the reliability of the V-shaped spring.

[0010] The above problems are solved and the required technical effects are achieved by the following fact: the V-shaped spring comprises a first end plate, a second end plate and at least one intermediate plate arranged between the first end plate and the second end plate, the plates are arranged in parallel and bent in a V shape, wherein an elastic material layer is provided between each pair of adjacent plates. The width L1 of the first end plate is greater than the width L2 of the second end plate, the thickness of the first end plate is equal to the thickness of the second end plate and greater than the thickness of the at least one intermediate plate. The width of the at least one intermediate plate is between the values ​​L1 and L2. An opening is provided in each elastic material layer, the opening is located in the bending area of ​​the adjacent plates, the axis of the opening is substantially parallel to the plates, wherein the width of the opening gradually decreases from the elastic material layer close to the first end plate to the elastic material layer close to the second end plate.

[0011] The choice of material, the presence of openings in the layers and the geometry of the V-shaped spring plate (including the above-mentioned length and width of the plate) are due to the fact that the V-shaped structure enables the V-shaped spring to withstand the vertical, longitudinal and lateral loads generated by the vibrations of the vehicle body when the vehicle body is running on an uneven track, for example during swaying or lateral drift.

[0012] The openings formed in the layers are necessary for the correct operation of the elastic material layer itself and the entire V-spring. For example, during the operation of the V-spring, where the elastic material layer is bent due to external forces, the elastic material will become brittle, in other words, it will be worn because the load pressure will fall on the tipmost part of the elastic material layer, that is, the bent part. As a result, the rigidity of the V-spring will increase and the stress distribution of the entire elastic material layer will be uneven. Experts in the field of this technology will understand that the above problems can be solved by forming openings in the bent area of ​​the plate in the elastic layer of the V-spring.

[0013] In certain embodiments of the claimed V-spring, the solution to this problem and the achievement of the technical effects are also feasible.

[0014] Therefore, the above-mentioned plates are mainly made of metal, while the elastic material of each layer is, for example, rubber, which directly affects the reliability and durability of the spring.

[0015] Preferably, for all elastic material layers, the width of the elastic material layer from the opening to the edge of the elastic material layer is the same, which will enable the load to be roughly evenly distributed among all elastic material layers, thereby improving the reliability and durability of the entire spring.

[0016] The width of the intermediate plate arranged near the first end plate is greater than the width of the intermediate plate arranged far from the first end plate, which also contributes to a more uniform load distribution on the V-spring element during vehicle body vibrations. In the claimed invention, the individual layers are offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direction by a certain distance, thus resembling a "staircase" of plates with intermediate elastic material layers. This is done in order to reduce the load on the elastic material layers of the V-spring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention and some possible embodiments thereof will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 A front view of a V-shaped spring is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 An isometric view of a V-spring is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 A cross-section of the V-spring is shown along the longitudinal direction perpendicularly through the center of the opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be noted that the number of intermediate plates may be different from that shown in the figures and, accordingly, the number of layers of elastic material may also be different.

[0022] The V-shaped spring claimed for protection comprises a first end plate 1, a second end plate 2 and at least one intermediate plate 3, which are arranged in parallel and bent in a V shape, such as Figure 1 As shown. For example, there may be three intermediate plates 3. The plates 1, 2, 3 are arranged offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direction, thus forming a kind of "ladder". In other words, the end of the second end plate 2 will protrude beyond the end of the first end plate 1, while the end of the intermediate plate 3 is located between the two, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first end plate 1, the second end plate 2 and the intermediate plate 3 are all made of metal, but other suitable materials may also be used. The intermediate plate 3 is arranged between the first end plate 1 and the second end plate 2, wherein an elastic material layer 4 is arranged between each pair of adjacent plates, so that the V-shaped spring provides better damping performance during use. The width L1 of the first end plate 1 is greater than the width L2 of the second end plate 2. The thickness of the first end plate 1 is equal to the thickness of the second end plate 2, but greater than the thickness of the at least one intermediate plate 3. Figure 1 As shown, the width of at least one intermediate plate 3 is between values ​​L1 and L2. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the values ​​of L1 and L2 may range from 119 mm to 137 mm.

[0024] In each layer of elastic material 4, an opening 5 is provided in the region of the bend of the adjacent plate, the axis of which is parallel to said plate. It should be taken into account that these openings 5 ​​are arranged one above the other on an axis substantially parallel to and extending along the bend of all the plates, namely the first end plate 1, the second end plate 2 and the intermediate plate 3. The bend of these plates is due to their V-shaped profile, which ensures a uniform load distribution on the ends of the plates of the V-spring and on the bend itself. The width of the opening 5 decreases gradually from the layer of elastic material 4 close to the first end plate 1 to the layer of elastic material 4 close to the second end plate 2. The variable size of the opening is due to the variation in the width of the spring, as described above. The variation in the width of the opening is approximately the same as the variation in the width of the spring, ranging from 5 mm to 30 mm, more preferably ranging from 15 mm to 23 mm.

[0025] Preferably, for each elastic material layer 4, the width from the opening to the edge of the elastic material layer 4, that is, approximately half the width of the portion of the elastic material layer 4 located outside the opening 5, remains unchanged.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the intermediate plate 3 disposed close to the first end plate is greater than the width of the intermediate plate 3 disposed far from the first end plate, and in particular may be in the range of 135 mm to 121 mm.

[0027] The V-spring claimed for protection is a vibration-damping element of the axle box suspension, i.e., it is designed to reduce the impact transmitted to the support beam structure (the car body carrying passengers) when the wheels pass over the uneven track surface, and to reduce the impact of the locomotive vehicle on the track, and is arranged between the axle box assembly mounted on the wheelset axle and the bogie frame. The V-spring is designed to work in a temperature range of -40°C to 40°C.

[0028] Therefore, the present invention can reduce the load borne by the elastic element in the plate bending area, thereby improving the reliability of the entire V-shaped spring.

Claims

1. A V-shaped spring, comprising a first end plate, a second end plate, and at least one intermediate plate disposed between the first end plate and the second end plate, wherein the first end plate, the second end plate, and the at least one intermediate plate are arranged in parallel and bent in a V shape, in, An elastic material layer is provided between each pair of adjacent plates. The width L1 of the first end plate is greater than the width L2 of the second end plate, the thickness of the first end plate is equal to the thickness of the second end plate and greater than the thickness of the at least one intermediate plate, wherein the width of the at least one intermediate plate is between values ​​L1 and L2, wherein each layer of elastic material comprises an opening, said opening being located in the curved region of an adjacent plate, said opening having an axis substantially parallel to said plate, Wherein, the width of the opening gradually decreases from the elastic material layer close to the first end plate to the elastic material layer close to the second end plate.

2. The V-shaped spring according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the plates is made of metal.

3. The V-shaped spring according to claim 1, wherein: The elastic material is rubber.

4. The V-shaped spring according to claim 1, wherein: For all elastic material layers, the width of the elastic material layer from the opening to the edge of the elastic material layer is the same.

5. The V-shaped spring according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the middle plate disposed close to the first end plate is greater than the width of the middle plate disposed away from the first end plate.

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