Air-aspiration type wheat wide-width uniform-sowing seed-metering device and working method

Abstract

The invention discloses an air-aspiration type wheat wide-width uniform-sowing seed-metering device and a working method. Wherein the negative pressure air chamber and the seed cup are fixed with the rack through a fixed support; two fan-shaped air chambers in the negative pressure air chamber are symmetrically fixed on the two sides of the negative pressure inlet, the fan-shaped air chambers are connected with the negative pressure inlet, and at least one air gap is formed in the circumferential direction of each fan-shaped air chamber; rims of the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the fan-shaped air chambers, and the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel simultaneously rotate relative to the negative pressure air chamber; at least one circle of radial line type holes are formed in the circumferential surfaces of rims of the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel, each circle of radial line type holes are uniformly formed along the circumferential surfaces of the rims, each circle of radial line type holes corresponds to an air gap in position, and the radial line type holes and the air gaps which correspond to each other inside and outside form a seed-metering air suction channel. Through the negative pressure air chamber, the seed-metering wheel, the seed cup, the seed-metering shaft and other structures, precise wheat seed-metering is realized, and the working agronomic requirement of'wide-width uniform sowing 'of wheat is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seed guiding and sowing machine parts, and specifically relates to an air suction type wide-width uniform sowing and metering device for wheat and a working method. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is one of the main grain crops in my country and plays an important role in ensuring national food security. Improving the quality of mechanized wheat sowing is one of the important technical means to increase the yield of wheat. The main method of wheat sowing is dense strip sowing, which has the advantages of fast operation speed and high mechanized operation level, but there are problems such as large seed volume and disorderly seed placement, which leads to uneven plant distribution, fierce competition for water and fertilizer, and large individual development differences. With the development of wheat sowing technology, wide-width uniform sowing technology of wheat has been applied to wheat production. This technology is a high-yield cultivation technology with the core of expanding sowing width, increasing row spacing, and promoting uniform sowing. It expands the sowing width of wheat from the traditional 3-5cm to 8-15cm, and the row spacing from the traditional 15-20cm to 22-28cm. After sowing, the seeds in the seed furrow are dispersed, and the nutritional area of ​​​​a single wheat plant is expanded, which has a significant yield-increasing effect. The wider row spacing is also convenient for mechanized operations such as inter-row cultivation, weeding, topdressing, and spraying, greatly improving the efficiency of mechanized production.

[0003] At present, wide-width wheat seeders are mainly operated with external grooved wheel seeders and seed spreaders, which have problems such as large seed usage, poor uniformity, and high seed damage rate. The seeding device is the core component of the seeder, and the seeding performance significantly affects the quality of the sowing operation. Due to the structural problem of side suction, the current seeding device generally has a large minimum spacing and is not suitable for the small row spacing and wide sowing width of wheat; especially now that the demand for sowing speed is getting higher and higher, traditional air suction seeders are difficult to achieve both. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides an air-suction type wide-width uniform sowing and metering device for wheat, and the technical scheme includes: a first seed suction outer wheel, a second seed suction outer wheel, a seed metering shaft, a seed guide tube fixing device, an optical fiber sensor, a seed guide tube, a bearing seat, a seed cup, a negative pressure air chamber and a fixed support; wherein the negative pressure air chamber and the seed cup are both fixed to the frame through the fixed support; the negative pressure air chamber includes: two fan-shaped air chambers, an air slit and a negative pressure inlet, wherein the two fan-shaped air chambers are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the negative pressure inlet, the fan-shaped air chamber is connected to the negative pressure inlet, and at least one air slit is opened along the circumference of the fan-shaped air chamber, and the air slit is also symmetrically arranged relative to the negative pressure inlet;

[0005] The rims of the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel are respectively arranged on the outside of a fan-shaped air chamber, and the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel rotate relative to the negative pressure air chamber at the same time; at least one circle of radial holes is opened on the circumference of the rim of the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel, and each circle of radial holes is evenly arranged along the circumference of the rim, and each circle of radial holes has an air gap corresponding to the position, and the radial holes and the air gap corresponding to the inside and outside form a seed discharge suction channel;

[0006] The hubs of the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel are connected to the seed discharging shaft through hexagonal holes, and both ends of the seed discharging shaft are connected to the frame through bearings and bearing seats; the driving motor is connected to the seed discharging shaft through a transmission, and the circuit system of the driving motor is connected to the single chip microcomputer;

[0007] Along the rotation direction of the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel, there are a seed filling area, a seed carrying area, a seed unloading area and a transition area, wherein the seed filling area and the seed unloading area correspond to the two ends of the air gap respectively; the seed cup is arranged outside the seed filling area, and a seed guide tube fixing device is arranged just below the end of the seed unloading area, and a seed introduction hole for guiding the subsequent trajectory of the fallen seeds is opened on the seed guide tube fixing device; the position of the upper end of the seed introduction hole corresponds to each radial line hole, and the lower end of each seed introduction hole is connected to the seed guide tube, and the seed guide tube is fixed to the lower end of the seed guide tube fixing device;

[0008] The seed cup is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor, an stomata group and a positive pressure inlet, wherein the five sides of the main body of the seed cup are closed to form a seed storage chamber, and the side of the seed cup facing the negative pressure air chamber is open, which is used to adsorb seeds on the radial holes passed through; a piezoelectric force sensor is provided in the upper end plate of the seed cup, and a stomata group is provided on the lower end plate of the seed cup, the lower end of the stomata group is connected to the positive pressure inlet, and the position of the positive pressure inlet also corresponds to the radial holes; a seed passing groove is provided on the open side of the upper end plate of the seed cup.

[0009] The seed cup is also provided with a support mounting hole, and the support mounting hole is bolted to the seed cup mounting hole of the fixed support.

[0010] The positive pressure airflow enters the seed storage chamber of the seed cup through the pore group from the positive pressure inlet and performs fluidization treatment on the wheat population, so that the seeds float in the seed storage chamber in a simulated weightless manner to reduce the internal friction between the populations and ultimately reduce the leakage rate of the seed meter; the axis of the central hole of each group of pore groups is coplanar with the axis of the mold hole, and one group of pore groups corresponds to one group of mold holes.

[0011] The total number of radial holes is an even number, symmetrically arranged with respect to the negative pressure inlet;

[0012] The center distance between adjacent circles of diameter linear holes between the first seed suction outer wheel and the second seed suction outer wheel is l; the center distance between adjacent circles of diameter linear holes on the first seed suction outer wheel is l, and the center distance between adjacent circles of diameter linear holes on the second seed suction outer wheel is l.

[0013] The seed carrying area is provided with a first pair-type photoelectric sensor, and the transition area is provided with a second pair-type photoelectric sensor;

[0014] Optical fiber sensors are installed at the same position on all the seed guide tubes.

[0015] The air slit is oriented directly upward to minimize the effect of gravity.

[0016] Also disclosed is a working method of an air-suction type wide-width uniform wheat seeding device, and the technical solution includes:

[0017] Step 100, calibrating the blowing and suction systems;

[0018] Step 200: Perform seeding operation, and simultaneously perform seeding speed monitoring operation and seeding performance monitoring operation.

[0019] The calibration of the blowing and suction system in step 100 includes the following three adjustment conditions:

[0020] Working condition 1: When the seeding speed increases, the air pressure value at the negative pressure inlet increases; otherwise, the negative pressure value decreases;

[0021] Working condition 2: when the frequency of the mechanical signal generated by the wheat seeds impacting the wall surface when the piezoelectric force sensor detects the fluidization of the seed population is weakened, the air pressure value at the positive pressure inlet is increased; otherwise, the positive pressure value is reduced;

[0022] Working condition three: When working conditions one and two meet the requirements, make adjustments at the same time.

[0023] The seeding speed monitoring operation in step 200 includes the following steps:

[0024] S201: The agricultural machinery operator sets key parameters of the sowing operation on the Web terminal, including sowing amount per mu Q, wheat seed thousand-grain weight q, sowing row spacing s, and number of single-group holes of the seed meter Z;

[0025] S202: The DTU module sends key parameters of the seeding operation to the microcontroller;

[0026] S203: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the stepper motor control task;

[0027] S204: Doppler radar sends the real-time operating speed V of the seed drill to the single-chip microcomputer;

[0028] S205: The single chip microcomputer calculates the seeding speed according to the above key parameters and the operating speed of the seeder; the calculation formula is:

[0029]

[0030] Where N is the number of seeds per mu, S is the theoretical seed spacing, and ω is the seeding speed;

[0031] S206: According to the calculation result of S205 and the reduction ratio of the motor reducer, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle to the drive motor, and the stepper motor starts to rotate and output power. The power is reduced in speed and increased in torque through the reducer, and finally drives the seeding shaft to rotate;

[0032] S207: The encoder is installed at the tail of the stepper motor to monitor the actual speed of the motor in real time and send the motor speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0033] S208: After receiving the motor speed signal, the single chip microcomputer determines whether the actual motor speed is equal to the target speed; if so, it goes to S204; if not, it goes to S209;

[0034] S209: The microcontroller changes the PWM wave output according to the relative error between the actual motor speed and the target speed.

[0035] S210: The MCU uploads the seeder operating speed and seeding speed to the IoT platform through the DTU module, so that agricultural machinery operators can view it through the Web terminal.

[0036] The seeding performance monitoring operation in step 200 includes the following steps:

[0037] S301: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seeding performance monitoring task;

[0038] S302: The single chip microcomputer receives the seeding speed signal;

[0039] S303: Call the MCU external interrupt and timer interrupt to calculate the theoretical pulse frequency;

[0040] S304: The calculation formula of the unit period and the theoretical pulse frequency is:

[0041]

[0042] Where T is the unit acquisition period, f T is the theoretical pulse frequency;

[0043] S305: collecting the number of times the light beam of the first photoelectric sensor passes through the hole in a unit period, and monitoring the seed filling of the seed meter in real time. The light beam passing through the hole means that the hole does not absorb wheat seeds, which is recorded as one leakage, and the actual pulse frequency and leakage rate of leakage are calculated;

[0044] S306: The calculation formula of the leakage charge actual pulse frequency and the leakage charge rate is:

[0045]

[0046] Where f1 is the actual pulse frequency of leakage filling, t1 is the number of times the light beam passes through the hole in a unit collection cycle, P1 is the leakage filling rate, X1 is the cumulative number of leakage filling of the hole, and N1 is the theoretical number of seedings;

[0047] S307: collecting the number of light beam blockages of the second photoelectric sensor within a unit period, and monitoring the blockage of the seed metering hole in real time. Light beam blockage represents blockage of the hole, which is recorded as one blockage, and calculating the actual pulse frequency and blockage rate of the hole blockage;

[0048] S308: The calculation formula of the actual pulse frequency and the blockage rate of the mold hole blockage is:

[0049]

[0050] Where f2 is the actual pulse frequency of leakage charging, t2 is the number of light beam blocking per unit acquisition cycle, P2 is the hole blocking rate, X2 is the cumulative number of hole blocking times, and N2 is the theoretical number of light beams passing through the hole;

[0051] S309: The single chip microcomputer converts the seed meter leakage rate and the hole blockage rate into RS-485 type signals, and uploads them to the Internet of Things platform through the DTU module;

[0052] S310: The optical fiber sensor with a dedicated IP address counts the number of seeds passing through each seed guide tube, which is recorded as the seeding quantity. The optical front sensor is connected to the DTU module through the RS-485 interface and transmits the seeding quantity data. The DTU module uploads the seeding quantity information to the IoT platform.

[0053] S311: The agricultural machinery operator checks the seeding performance parameters through the Web terminal.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0055] 1. The present invention realizes precise seeding of wheat through structures such as a negative pressure air chamber, a seeding wheel, a seeding cup and a seeding shaft, thereby meeting the agronomic requirements of "wide and uniform seeding" of wheat.

[0056] 2. Seed population fluidization is achieved by blowing air into the seed cup, and a seed population fluidization air pressure monitoring system is provided, thereby reducing the leakage rate of the seed meter and improving the operating performance of the seed meter.

[0057] 3. The self-adaptive adjustment of seeding speed is realized, so as to realize automatic adjustment and precise control of seeding amount. Through photoelectric sensors, single-chip microcomputers and DTU modules, real-time monitoring of seeding amount, leakage rate and hole blockage rate is realized.

[0058] 4. The operation parameters of the seeding device are uploaded to the Internet of Things platform, and the agricultural machinery operators can remotely view the operation data of the seeding device through the Web terminal. At the same time, it can provide comprehensive data analysis for the management platform of the smart farm, and improve the automation, informatization and networking level of smart agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a circle of holes in an embodiment of an air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure near the negative pressure air chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram in which components such as the seed guide tube fixing device are omitted in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a circle-shaped hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a cup structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the negative pressure air chamber and the fixed support of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the working method of the population fluidization air pressure monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 8 It is a working principle diagram of the seeding speed monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Fig. 9 The figure is a schematic diagram of the working method of the seeding performance monitoring system in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] In the figure: 2-seed row shaft, 3-seed guide tube fixing device, 4-optical fiber sensor, 5-seed guide tube, 6-bearing seat, 7-seed cup, 8-negative pressure air chamber, 9-fixed support, 11-first seed suction outer wheel, 12-second seed suction outer wheel, 1-3-diameter hole, 1-4-hexagonal hole, 1-5-first pair-beam type photoelectric sensor, 1-6-second pair-beam type photoelectric sensor, 3-1-seed introduction hole, 7-1-piezoelectric force sensor, 7-2-support mounting hole, 7-3-air hole group, 7-4-positive pressure inlet, 7-5-seed passing groove, 7-6-seed storage chamber, 8-1-fan-shaped air chamber, 8-2-air gap, 8-3-negative pressure inlet, 9-1-rack mounting hole, 9-2-seed cup mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0070] like Figures 1 to 9 In the embodiment of the present invention shown, the seeder includes: a first seed suction outer wheel 11, a second seed suction outer wheel 12, a seed discharge shaft 2, a seed guide tube fixing device 3, an optical fiber sensor 4, a seed guide tube 5, a bearing seat 6, a seed cup 7, a negative pressure air chamber 8, and a fixed support 9; wherein the negative pressure air chamber 8 and the seed cup 7 are both fixed to the frame through the fixed support 9; the negative pressure air chamber 8 includes: two fan-shaped air chambers 8-1, an air gap 8-2 and a negative pressure inlet 8-3, wherein the two fan-shaped air chambers 8-1 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the negative pressure inlet 8-3, the fan-shaped air chamber 8-1 is connected to the negative pressure inlet 8-3, and at least one air gap 8-2 is opened along the circumference of the fan-shaped air chamber 8-1, and the air gap 8-2 is also symmetrically arranged relative to the negative pressure inlet 8-3, so as to keep the air outlet on both sides uniform.

[0071] The rims of the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12 are respectively arranged on the outside of a fan-shaped air chamber 8-1, and the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12 rotate relative to the negative pressure air chamber 8 at the same time; at least one circle of radial holes 1-3 is opened on the circumference of the rim of the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12, and each circle of radial holes 1-3 is evenly arranged along the circumference of the rim, and each circle of radial holes 1-3 has an air gap 8-2 corresponding to the position, and the radial holes 1-3 and the air gap 8-2 corresponding to the inside and outside form a seed suction channel; the center distance of a circle of radial holes 1-3 adjacent to the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12 is l;

[0072] The hubs of the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12 are connected to the seeding shaft 2 through hexagonal holes 1-4, and both ends of the seeding shaft 2 are connected to the frame through bearings and bearing seats 6; the drive motor is connected to the seeding shaft 2 through a transmission, and the circuit system of the drive motor is connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0073] Along the rotation direction of the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12, it is divided into a seed filling area, a seed carrying area, a seed unloading area and a transition area, wherein the seed filling area and the seed unloading area correspond to the two ends of the air gap 8-2 respectively; the seed cup 7 is arranged outside the seed filling area, the seed carrying area is provided with a first pair-type photoelectric sensor 1-5, the transition area is provided with a second pair-type photoelectric sensor 1-6, and a seed guide tube fixing device 3 is provided just below the end of the seed unloading area, and the seed guide tube fixing device 3 is provided with a seed introduction hole 3-1 for guiding the subsequent trajectory of the fallen seeds; the position of the upper end of the seed introduction hole 3-1 corresponds to each radial hole 1-3, and the lower end of each seed introduction hole is connected to the seed guide tube 5, and the seed guide tube 5 is fixed at the lower end of the seed guide tube fixing device 3, and the same position on all seed guide tubes 5 is installed with an optical fiber sensor 4;

[0074] The seed cup 7 is provided with: a piezoelectric force sensor 7-1, a support mounting hole 7-2, an air hole group 7-3 and a positive pressure inlet 7-4, wherein the support mounting hole 7-2 is bolted to the seed cup mounting hole 9-2 of the fixed support 9, the five sides of the main body of the seed cup 7 are closed to form a seed storage chamber 7-6, and the seed cup 7 is open to the side facing the negative pressure air chamber 8 (the first seed suction outer wheel 11 or the second seed suction outer wheel 12), which is used to adsorb seeds on the radial holes 1-3 passed through; the upper end plate of the seed cup 7 is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor 7-1, and the lower end plate of the seed cup 7 is provided with at least one group of air holes 7-3, the lower end of the air hole group 7-3 is connected to the positive pressure inlet 7-4, and the position of the positive pressure inlet 7-4 also corresponds to the radial hole 1-3 (usually the axis is located in the same plane), and the positive pressure airflow is from the positive pressure The inlet 7-4 enters the seed storage chamber 7-6 of the seed cup 7 through the pore group 7-3, and fluidizes the wheat population so that the seeds float in the seed storage chamber 7-6 in a simulated weightless state, so as to reduce the internal friction between the populations and ultimately reduce the leakage rate of the seed meter; the axis of the central hole of each group of pore groups 7-3 is coplanar with the axis of the mold hole 1-3, and one group of pore groups corresponds to one group of mold holes; the piezoelectric force sensor 7-1 is used to detect the mechanical signals generated by the wheat seeds impacting the wall when the population is fluidized; the open side of the upper end plate of the seed cup 7 is provided with a seed passing groove 7-5, so that there is a certain distance between the upper end plate of the seed cup 7 and the adjacent first seed suction outer wheel 11 or the second seed suction outer wheel 12, so that the seeds adsorbed on the adjacent first seed suction outer wheel 11 or the second seed suction outer wheel 12 can pass through.

[0075] The number of circles of radial holes 1-3 set on the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12 is the same, so that the total number of circles of seed discharge suction channels with equal spacing is an even number, so that they can be symmetrically arranged with respect to the negative pressure inlet 8-3; in this embodiment, the number of circles of radial holes 1-3 set on the first seed suction outer wheel 11 and the second seed suction outer wheel 12 is 2 circles, the total number of circles of outer peripheral radial holes 1-3 possessed by the seeder is 4 circles, the number of seed guide tubes 5 is also 4, and the width L of the seeder is the sum of all center distances. In a single seeder, the center distance of each adjacent circle of radial holes 1-3 is l.

[0076] In this embodiment, the air gap 8-2 is directed upward to minimize the influence of gravity.

[0077] In this embodiment, the second photoelectric sensor 1-6 is used to detect the blockage of the radial hole 1-3 of the corresponding circle (track). When the single chip microcomputer finds that the periodic signal is blocked, it sends a blockage signal to the Web terminal for reference to remind the agricultural machinery operator.

[0078] In this embodiment, the fixing support 9 is fixed to the frame via U-shaped bolts and the frame mounting holes 9 - 1 .

[0079] The work includes the following processes:

[0080] Step 100, calibrating the blowing and suction systems;

[0081] Step 200, performing seeding operation, and simultaneously performing seeding speed monitoring system operation and seeding performance monitoring system operation;

[0082] The calibration of the blowing and suction system in step 100 includes the following three adjustment conditions:

[0083] Working condition 1: When the seeding speed increases, the air pressure value of the negative pressure inlet 8-3 increases; otherwise, the negative pressure value decreases.

[0084] Working condition 2: when the frequency of the mechanical signal generated by the impact of wheat seeds on the wall surface during the fluidization of the seed population detected by the piezoelectric force sensor 7-1 is weakened, the air pressure value of the positive pressure inlet 7-4 is increased; otherwise, the positive pressure value is reduced.

[0085] Working condition three: When working conditions one and two meet the requirements, make adjustments at the same time.

[0086] The operation of the seeding speed monitoring system in step 200 includes the following steps:

[0087] S201: The agricultural machinery operator sets key parameters of the sowing operation on the Web terminal, including sowing amount per mu Q, wheat seed thousand-grain weight q, sowing row spacing s, and number of single-group holes of the seed meter Z;

[0088] S202: The DTU module sends key parameters of the seeding operation to the microcontroller;

[0089] S203: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the stepper motor control task;

[0090] S204: Doppler radar sends the real-time operating speed V of the seed drill to the single-chip microcomputer;

[0091] S205: The single chip microcomputer calculates the seeding speed according to the above key parameters and the operating speed of the seeder; the calculation formula is:

[0092]

[0093] Where N is the number of seeds per mu, S is the theoretical seed spacing, and ω is the seeding speed;

[0094] S206: According to the calculation result of S205 and the reduction ratio of the motor reducer, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle to the drive motor, and the stepper motor starts to rotate and output power. The power is reduced in speed and increased in torque through the reducer, and finally drives the seeding shaft to rotate;

[0095] S207: The encoder is installed at the tail of the stepper motor to monitor the actual speed of the motor in real time and send the motor speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0096] S208: After receiving the motor speed signal, the single chip microcomputer determines whether the actual motor speed is equal to the target speed. If so, it goes to S204; if not, it goes to S209;

[0097] S209: The microcontroller changes the PWM wave output according to the relative error between the actual motor speed and the target speed.

[0098] S210: The MCU uploads the seeder operating speed and seeding speed to the IoT platform through the DTU module, so that agricultural machinery operators can view it through the Web terminal.

[0099] The seeding performance monitoring system operation in step 200 includes the following steps:

[0100] S301: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seeding performance monitoring task;

[0101] S302: The single chip microcomputer receives the seeding speed signal;

[0102] S303: Call the MCU external interrupt and timer interrupt to calculate the theoretical pulse frequency;

[0103] S304: The calculation formula of the unit period and the theoretical pulse frequency is:

[0104]

[0105] Where T is the unit acquisition period, f T is the theoretical pulse frequency;

[0106] S305: collecting the number of times the light beam of the first photoelectric sensor 1-5 passes through the hole in a unit cycle, and monitoring the seed filling of the seed meter in real time. The light beam passing through the hole means that the hole does not absorb wheat seeds, which is recorded as one leakage, and the actual pulse frequency and leakage rate of leakage are calculated;

[0107] S306: The calculation formula of the leakage charge actual pulse frequency and the leakage charge rate is:

[0108]

[0109] Where f1 is the actual pulse frequency of leakage filling, t1 is the number of times the light beam passes through the hole in a unit collection cycle, P1 is the leakage filling rate, X1 is the cumulative number of leakage filling of the hole, and N1 is the theoretical number of seedings;

[0110] S307: Collect the number of light beam blockages of the second photoelectric sensors 1-6 within a unit period, and monitor the blockage of the seed metering hole in real time. Light beam blockage represents blockage of the hole, which is recorded as one blockage, and the actual pulse frequency and blockage rate of the hole blockage are calculated;

[0111] S308: The calculation formula of the actual pulse frequency and the blockage rate of the mold hole blockage is:

[0112]

[0113] Where f2 is the actual pulse frequency of leakage charging, t2 is the number of light beam blocking per unit acquisition cycle, P2 is the hole blocking rate, X2 is the cumulative number of hole blocking times, and N2 is the theoretical number of light beams passing through the hole;

[0114] S309: The single chip microcomputer converts the seed meter leakage rate and the hole blockage rate into RS-485 type signals, and uploads them to the Internet of Things platform through the DTU module;

[0115] S310: The optical fiber sensor with a dedicated IP address counts the number of seeds passing through each seed guide tube, which is recorded as the seeding quantity. The optical front sensor is connected to the DTU module through the RS-485 interface and transmits the seeding quantity data. The DTU module uploads the seeding quantity information to the IoT platform.

[0116] S311: The agricultural machinery operator checks the seeding performance parameters through the Web terminal.

Claims

1. An air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device, characterized in that: include: A first seed suction outer wheel (11), a second seed suction outer wheel (12), a seed discharge shaft (2), a seed guide tube fixing device (3), a seed guide tube (5), a bearing seat (6), a seed cup (7), a negative pressure air chamber (8) and a fixed support (9); wherein the negative pressure air chamber (8) and the seed cup (7) are both fixed to the frame via the fixed support (9); the negative pressure air chamber (8) comprises: two fan-shaped air chambers (8-1), an air gap (8-2) and a negative pressure inlet (8-3); wherein the two fan-shaped air chambers (8-1) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the negative pressure inlet (8-3); the fan-shaped air chamber (8-1) is connected to the negative pressure inlet (8-3); at least one air gap (8-2) is opened along the circumference of the fan-shaped air chamber (8-1); and the air gap (8-2) is also symmetrically arranged relative to the negative pressure inlet (8-3); The rims of the first seed suction outer wheel (11) and the second seed suction outer wheel (12) are respectively arranged on the outside of a fan-shaped air chamber (8-1), and the first seed suction outer wheel (11) and the second seed suction outer wheel (12) rotate relative to the negative pressure air chamber (8) at the same time; at least one circle of radial holes (1-3) is opened on the circumference of the rim of the first seed suction outer wheel (11) and the second seed suction outer wheel (12), each circle of radial holes (1-3) is evenly arranged along the circumference of the rim, each circle of radial holes (1-3) has an air gap (8-2) corresponding to the position, and the radial holes (1-3) and the air gap (8-2) corresponding to the inside and outside form a seed discharge air suction channel; The hubs of the first seed suction outer wheel (11) and the second seed suction outer wheel (12) are connected to the seed discharge shaft (2) through hexagonal holes, and both ends of the seed discharge shaft (2) are connected to the frame through bearings and bearing seats (6); the drive motor is connected to the seed discharge shaft (2) through a transmission, and the circuit system of the drive motor is connected to the single chip microcomputer; Along the rotation direction of the first seed suction outer wheel (11) and the second seed suction outer wheel (12), there are a seed filling area, a seed carrying area, a seed unloading area and a transition area, wherein the seed filling area and the seed unloading area correspond to the two ends of the air gap (8-2) respectively; the seed cup (7) is arranged outside the seed filling area, and a seed guide tube fixing device (3) is arranged just below the end of the seed unloading area, and the seed guide tube fixing device (3) is provided with a seed introduction hole (3-1) for guiding the subsequent trajectory of the fallen seeds; the position of the upper end of the seed introduction hole (3-1) corresponds to each radial line hole (1-3), and the lower end of each seed introduction hole is connected to the seed guide tube (5), and the seed guide tube (5) is fixed to the lower end of the seed guide tube fixing device (3); The seed cup (7) is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor (7-1), an air hole group (7-3) and a positive pressure inlet (7-4), wherein the main body of the seed cup (7) is closed on five sides to form a seed storage chamber (7-6), and the seed cup (7) is open on one side facing the negative pressure air chamber (8) for adsorbing seeds on the radial holes (1-3) passed through; a piezoelectric force sensor (7-1) is provided in the upper end plate of the seed cup (7), and an air hole group (7-3) is provided on the lower end plate of the seed cup (7), the lower end of the air hole group (7-3) is connected to the positive pressure inlet (7-4), and the position of the positive pressure inlet (7-4) also corresponds to the radial hole (1-3); a seed passing groove (7-5) is provided on the open side of the upper end plate of the seed cup (7).

2. The air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed cup (7) is also provided with a support mounting hole (7-2), and the support mounting hole (7-2) is bolted to the seed cup mounting hole (9-2) of the fixed support (9).

3. The air suction type wheat wide width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive pressure airflow enters the seed storage chamber (7-6) of the seed cup (7) through the pore group (7-3) from the positive pressure inlet (7-4) and performs fluidization treatment on the wheat population, so that the seeds float in the seed storage chamber (7-6) in a simulated weightless state, thereby reducing the internal friction between the populations and ultimately reducing the leakage rate of the seed meter; the axis of the central hole of each group of pore groups (7-3) is coplanar with the axis of the mold hole (1-3), and one group of pore groups corresponds to one group of mold holes.

4. The air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total number of radial holes (1-3) is an even number and is symmetrically arranged with respect to the negative pressure inlet (8-3); The center distance between adjacent circle diameter linear holes (1-3) between the first seed suction outer wheel (11) and the second seed suction outer wheel (12) is l; the center distance between adjacent circle diameter linear holes (1-3) on the first seed suction outer wheel (11) is l, and the center distance between adjacent circle diameter linear holes (1-3) on the second seed suction outer wheel (12) is l.

5. The air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed carrying area is provided with a first counter-radiation photoelectric sensor (1-5), and the transition area is provided with a second counter-radiation photoelectric sensor (1-6); Optical fiber sensors (4) are installed at the same position on all the seed guide tubes (5).

6. The air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air gap (8-2) is oriented directly upward.

7. A working method of the air-suction type wide-width uniform seeding device for wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Step 100, calibrating the blowing and suction systems; Step 200: Perform seeding operation, and simultaneously perform seeding speed monitoring operation and seeding performance monitoring operation.

8. The working method of the air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The calibration of the blowing and suction system in step 100 includes the following three adjustment conditions: Working condition 1: When the seeding speed increases, the air pressure value at the negative pressure inlet increases; otherwise, the negative pressure value decreases; Working condition 2: when the frequency of the mechanical signal generated by the wheat seeds impacting the wall surface when the piezoelectric force sensor detects the fluidization of the seed population is weakened, the air pressure value at the positive pressure inlet is increased; otherwise, the positive pressure value is reduced; Working condition three: When working conditions one and two meet the requirements, make adjustments at the same time.

9. The working method of the air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seeding speed monitoring operation in step 200 includes the following steps: S201: The agricultural machinery operator sets key parameters of the sowing operation on the Web terminal, including sowing amount per mu Q, wheat seed thousand-grain weight q, sowing row spacing s, and number of single-group holes of the seed meter Z; S202: The DTU module sends key parameters of the seeding operation to the microcontroller; S203: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the stepper motor control task; S204: Doppler radar sends the real-time operating speed V of the seed drill to the single-chip microcomputer; S205: The single chip microcomputer calculates the seeding speed according to the above key parameters and the operating speed of the seeder; the calculation formula is: Where N is the number of seeds per mu, S is the theoretical seed spacing, and ω is the seeding speed; S206: According to the calculation result of S205 and the reduction ratio of the motor reducer, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle to the drive motor, and the stepper motor starts to rotate and output power. The power is reduced in speed and increased in torque through the reducer, and finally drives the seeding shaft to rotate; S207: The encoder is installed at the tail of the stepper motor to monitor the actual speed of the motor in real time and send the motor speed signal to the microcontroller; S208: After receiving the motor speed signal, the single chip microcomputer determines whether the actual motor speed is equal to the target speed; if so, it goes to S204; if not, it goes to S209; S209: The microcontroller changes the PWM wave output according to the relative error between the actual motor speed and the target speed. S210: The MCU uploads the seeder operating speed and seeding speed to the IoT platform through the DTU module, so that agricultural machinery operators can view it through the Web terminal.

10. The working method of the air-suction type wheat wide-width uniform sowing and metering device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seeding performance monitoring operation in step 200 includes the following steps: S301: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seeding performance monitoring task; S302: The single chip microcomputer receives the seeding speed signal; S303: Call the MCU external interrupt and timer interrupt to calculate the theoretical pulse frequency; S304: The calculation formula of the unit period and the theoretical pulse frequency is: Where T is the unit acquisition period, f T is the theoretical pulse frequency; S305: collecting the number of times the light beam of the first photoelectric sensor passes through the hole in a unit period, and monitoring the seed filling of the seed meter in real time. The light beam passing through the hole means that the hole does not absorb wheat seeds, which is recorded as one leakage, and the actual pulse frequency and leakage rate of leakage are calculated; S306: The calculation formula of the leakage charge actual pulse frequency and the leakage charge rate is: Where f1 is the actual pulse frequency of leakage filling, t1 is the number of times the light beam passes through the hole in a unit collection cycle, P1 is the leakage filling rate, X1 is the cumulative number of leakage filling of the hole, and N1 is the theoretical number of seedings; S307: collecting the number of light beam blockages of the second photoelectric sensor within a unit period, and monitoring the blockage of the seed metering hole in real time. Light beam blockage represents blockage of the hole, which is recorded as one blockage, and calculating the actual pulse frequency and blockage rate of the hole blockage; S308: The calculation formula of the actual pulse frequency and the blockage rate of the mold hole blockage is: Where f2 is the actual pulse frequency of leakage charging, t2 is the number of light beam blocking per unit acquisition cycle, P2 is the hole blocking rate, X2 is the cumulative number of hole blocking times, and N2 is the theoretical number of light beams passing through the hole; S309: The single chip microcomputer converts the seed meter leakage rate and the hole blockage rate into RS-485 type signals, and uploads them to the Internet of Things platform through the DTU module; S310: The optical fiber sensor with a dedicated IP address counts the number of seeds passing through each seed guide tube, which is recorded as the seeding quantity. The optical front sensor is connected to the DTU module through the RS-485 interface and transmits the seeding quantity data. The DTU module uploads the seeding quantity information to the IoT platform. S311: The agricultural machinery operator checks the seeding performance parameters through the Web terminal.

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