High-efficiency and high-yield artificial field liquorice cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency and high-yield method for artificially cultivating liquorice in a field, and relates to a method for artificially cultivating liquorice. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low yield and difficulty in harvesting in the existing artificial liquorice planting technology. According to the method, through pretreatment of liquorice transplanted root seedlings, biological characteristics of the liquorice transplanted root seedlings are combined, a horizontal cultivation mode of horizontal placement is adopted, growth of liquorice lateral roots and the ground is promoted, and the yield of ground stems and leaves and underground rhizomes is increased; meanwhile, the transverse planting can effectively reduce the planting and harvesting difficulty, and the labor cost investment is reduced. The method can be widely applied to field liquorice cultivation, on one hand, liquorice cultivation can meet market requirements, and the effect of increasing agricultural economic income is achieved through long-term harvesting; on the other hand, as a leguminous plant, the underground root of the leguminous plant can be used for biological nitrogen fixation, after being planted for several years, the leguminous plant can be used for fertilizing soil fertility and playing a role in biological soil improvement, and meanwhile, the liquorice is a good wind-proof and sand-fixing plant, is beneficial to water and soil conservation of soil and can give consideration to ecological benefits and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating liquorice. Background Art

[0002] Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) is a perennial plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the Leguminosae family. It has a well-developed root system, high plant coverage, and is drought-resistant, alkali-resistant, and barren-resistant. It has both feeding and medicinal value. The aboveground stems and leaves of licorice can be used as high-quality forage for herbivorous livestock. Licorice root has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, tonifying the spleen and replenishing qi, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, and harmonizing various medicines. It is also a good windproof and sand-fixing plant. As one of the medicinal and edible foods approved by the Ministry of Health, licorice is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, daily chemical and other industries and has a huge demand.

[0003] Licorice seed planting has problems such as difficulty in germination and slow growth of seedlings. After the traditional artificial seedling vertical transplanting of licorice, as the growth years increase, the main root grows too deep vertically downward, affecting the subsequent digging of the root system and making it difficult to harvest. In recent years, due to natural climate factors and excessive human interference with grasslands, the problem of natural grassland degradation has become more serious year by year, plant resources have been severely damaged, and the stock of wild authentic licorice is in short supply. With the increase in market demand, the wild licorice resources are in crisis, and artificial excavation also damages the ecological environment. Artificial field planting of licorice can not only protect grasslands, but also increase farmers' income. It can be used as an important alternative resource for wild licorice. However, the existing artificial licorice planting technology has low yields and is difficult to harvest, and there is a lack of efficient and high-yield cultivation technology. Therefore, exploring efficient and high-yield artificial planting methods for licorice is an effective way to solve the problem of licorice resource shortage. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low yield and difficult harvesting of the existing artificial licorice planting technology, and to provide an efficient and high-yield artificial field cultivation method for licorice.

[0005] The high-efficiency and high-yield artificial field cultivation method of liquorice of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] 1. Select sandy loam with good drainage, convenient irrigation and deep soil layer, and deep plow in the autumn of the same year;

[0007] 2. In mid-May of the second spring, apply compound fertilizer or urea as base fertilizer before planting, and then perform rotary tillage to break up large clumps of soil;

[0008] 3. Select the seedlings that are more than one year old, have reached the third level of growth and have asexual buds on the reed head, and leave 30cm to 35cm from the reed head to the root tip for root cutting. The seedlings with reed heads after root cutting are used as licorice transplanting materials;

[0009] 4. Use conventional seedbed ridge-building machinery to build the seedbed;

[0010] 5. Dig 10-15 cm deep furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 25-30 cm, and plant the licorice transplanting materials processed in step 3 horizontally with a plant spacing of 10-15 cm, then cover with soil and compact it, and then water it. Plant 10,000 to 15,000 plants per mu;

[0011] 6. After planting, irrigate and replenish water in time according to soil moisture conditions within 30 days of the seedling stage;

[0012] 7. In mid-June of the planting year, apply 10kg / mu to 15kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 8-10kg / mu of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer during irrigation or before rain;

[0013] 8. Remove weeds in the field in time according to the situation of licorice in the field, and weed for the first time every year when the seedling height is 6cm to 8cm;

[0014] 9. Follow up with conventional field management;

[0015] 10. ①. The aboveground parts of 1-year-old licorice are harvested for use as forage; ②. The aboveground stems and leaves of 2- to 3-year-old licorice are harvested in autumn for use as forage, and the underground rhizomes are harvested at the same time. The rhizomes are dug out, cleaned of soil, and then dried in the sun or oven for storage.

[0016] Features of the present invention:

[0017] The present invention pre-treats the transplanted root seedlings of licorice and combines the biological characteristics thereof to adopt a horizontally placed transverse cultivation method to promote the lateral root and above-ground growth of licorice and increase the yield of above-ground stems and leaves and underground rhizomes; at the same time, the transverse planting can effectively reduce the difficulty of planting and harvesting and reduce the investment of labor costs.

[0018] The method of the present invention can be widely applied to field licorice cultivation. On the one hand, licorice cultivation can supplement market demand and achieve the effect of increasing agricultural economic income through long-term harvesting; on the other hand, as a leguminous plant, its underground roots can biologically fix nitrogen, and after being planted for several years, the soil fertility can be improved, which plays a role in biological soil improvement. At the same time, licorice is also a good windbreak and sand fixation plant, which is beneficial to soil and water conservation, and can take into account both ecological benefits and economic benefits.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention:

[0020] 1. Licorice seed planting has problems such as difficulty in germination and slow growth of seedlings. After the traditional artificial seedling vertical transplanting of licorice, the main root grows too deep vertically downward as the growth years increase, which affects the subsequent digging of the root system and makes it difficult to harvest. The method of the present invention, based on the traditional cultivation mode, places the main root of the licorice seedling horizontally after transplanting and cutting the roots, and utilizes the characteristics of the root cutting that is conducive to the growth of lateral roots and aboveground, thereby promoting the increase of its underground and aboveground yields;

[0021] 2. Horizontal planting of licorice can effectively solve the problem of vertical planting causing the roots to grow downward for many years, which makes it difficult to harvest. At the same time, it effectively avoids the adverse effects of deep underground soil such as salt ions on its root growth, and also ensures that the licorice root system is easy to harvest, saving manpower and material resources and avoiding disturbance of deep soil;

[0022] 3. The present invention has low technical requirements and can be operated by conventional agricultural machinery and manual labor. It utilizes the biological characteristics of licorice rhizomes and adopts a cultivation method of horizontal planting and root cutting to increase the overall yield of licorice. It is efficient and time-saving to dig out rhizomes during harvesting. It avoids the problem of difficulty in digging and easy root cutting during harvesting caused by deep drilling and vertical planting during planting. At the same time, the operation is highly reproducible, the technical cost is low, and it is easy to promote. Through the biological nitrogen fixation function of licorice rhizomes, the soil can be fertilized after many years of planting, and the yield can be promoted by changing to traditional crops in the later stage.

[0023] 4. The economic effect is remarkable. The cultivated licorice can produce 500 to 800 kilograms of grass per mu. Considering the market price and average yield, the net profit per mu is about 6,000 yuan. The above-ground part of licorice has high nutritional value and strong palatability. It can be used as high-quality forage and can also be organically combined with the breeding industry. The underground part can be harvested as a medicinal material, and its comprehensive benefits are even more significant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a photo of the licorice planted in Experiment 1 in the second year;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a photo of the licorice planted in the control experiment in the second year;

[0026] Figure 3 This is the data graph of the stem and leaf biomass of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in Experiment 1 and the control experiment;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a data graph of the aboveground growth characteristics of licorice in Experiment 1 and the control experiment;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a data graph of the length of new roots of licorice in Experiment 1 and the control experiment;

[0029] Figure 6 The data graph shows the aboveground biomass and underground biomass of licorice in Experiment 1 and the control experiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Specific implementation method 1: This implementation method is a method for cultivating licorice in an artificial field with high efficiency and high yield, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0031] 1. Select sandy loam with good drainage, convenient irrigation and deep soil layer, and deep plow in the autumn of the same year;

[0032] 2. In mid-May of the second spring, apply compound fertilizer or urea as base fertilizer before planting, and then perform rotary tillage to break up large clumps of soil;

[0033] 3. Select licorice saplings that are more than one year old, have reached the third level of growth, and have asexual buds at the reed head. Leave 30cm to 35cm from the reed head to the root tip for root cutting. Use the saplings with reed heads after root cutting as licorice transplanting materials.

[0034] 4. Use conventional seedbed ridge-building machinery to build the seedbed;

[0035] 5. Dig 10-15 cm deep furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 25-30 cm, and plant the licorice transplanting materials processed in step 3 horizontally with a plant spacing of 10-15 cm, then cover with soil and compact it, and then water it. Plant 10,000 to 15,000 plants per mu;

[0036] 6. After planting, irrigate and replenish water in time according to soil moisture conditions within 30 days of the seedling stage;

[0037] 7. In mid-June of the planting year, apply 10kg / mu to 15kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 8-10kg / mu of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer during irrigation or before rain;

[0038] 8. Remove weeds in the field in time according to the situation of licorice in the field, and weed for the first time every year when the seedling height is 6cm to 8cm;

[0039] 9. Follow up with conventional field management;

[0040] 10. ①. The aboveground parts of 1-year-old licorice are harvested for use as forage; ②. The aboveground stems and leaves of 2- to 3-year-old licorice are harvested in autumn for use as forage, and the underground rhizomes are harvested at the same time. The rhizomes are dug out, cleaned of soil, and then dried in the sun or oven for storage.

[0041] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from the specific implementation method 1 in that the depth of the sandy loam in step 1 is greater than 60 cm. The rest is the same as the specific implementation method 1.

[0042] Specific implementation method 3: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 or 2 in that the depth of deep plowing in autumn in step 1 is 35 cm. Other aspects are the same as specific implementation method 1 or 2.

[0043] Specific implementation method 4: This implementation method is different from the first to third implementation methods in that the diameter of the licorice root head described in step 3 is 8 mm to 10 mm, and the length of the rhizome is 45 cm to 50 cm. Other aspects are the same as the first to third implementation methods.

[0044] Specific implementation method 5: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 4 in that: in step 5, the width of the seedbed is 120 cm, the row spacing is 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm to ensure that the licorice plants have enough growth space. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 4.

[0045] Specific implementation method 6: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 5 in that 15,000 plants are planted per mu in step 5. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 5.

[0046] The present invention is verified by the following tests:

[0047] Experiment 1: This experiment is a method for cultivating licorice in an artificial field with high efficiency and high yield, which is specifically carried out in the following steps:

[0048] 1. In the Baolin Farm in Baicheng City, Jilin Province, select a large area of ​​sandy loam with good drainage, convenient irrigation, and deep soil layer (depth greater than 60cm), which can be mechanized, and deep plow the land in the autumn of 2022 with a depth of 35cm;

[0049] 2. In the spring of 2023, in mid-May, apply compound fertilizer as base fertilizer before planting, and then perform rotary tillage to break up large clumps of soil;

[0050] 3. Select licorice saplings with a seedling age of more than 1 year, a growth volume of Grade 3, a reed head diameter of 10mm, a rhizome length of 50cm, and asexual buds on the reed head. Leave 30cm to 35cm from the reed head to the root tip for root cutting, and use the saplings with reed heads after root cutting as licorice transplanting materials;

[0051] 4. Use conventional seedbed ridge-building machinery to build the seedbed;

[0052] 5. Dig 10cm deep furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 30cm, and plant the licorice transplanting materials processed in step 3 horizontally with a plant spacing of 15cm, then cover with soil and compact it, and then water it. Plant 15,000 plants per mu;

[0053] 6. After planting, irrigate and replenish water in time according to soil moisture conditions within 30 days of the seedling stage;

[0054] 7. In mid-June 2023, apply 12kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 10kg / mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer during irrigation or before rain;

[0055] 8. Remove weeds in the field in time according to the situation of licorice in the field, and weed for the first time every year when the seedling height is 8cm;

[0056] 9. Follow up with conventional field management;

[0057] 10. ①. The aboveground part of 1-year-old (2023) licorice is harvested for use as forage; ②. The aboveground stems and leaves of 2- to 3-year-old licorice are harvested in autumn for use as forage, and the underground rhizomes are harvested at the same time. The rhizomes are dug out, cleaned of soil, and then dried in the sun or oven for storage.

[0058] Control experiment: This experiment is different from experiment 1 in that the root seedlings of licorice in step 3 are not subjected to root cutting treatment, and the planting in step 5 adopts the traditional vertical drilling cultivation method so that the roots of licorice are planted vertically on the seedbed. The rest is the same as experiment 1.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a photo of the licorice in the second year of the experiment (taken in July 2024). Figure 2 This is a photo of licorice in the second year of the control experiment (taken in July 2024). From the above photos, it can be seen that the establishment and growth of licorice in the horizontal root cutting cultivation in experiment 1 are good, but in the control experiment ( Figure 2 ) The growth of licorice is poor.

[0060] Statistical analysis of the experiment was performed in Figure 3 to Figure 6 As shown, CK is the control test, and horizontal planting and root cutting is test 1. The results show that:

[0061] In the first experiment, the biomass of stems and leaves of licorice planted horizontally with broken roots increased significantly, by 24.52% and 31.14% respectively compared with the control experiment (see Figure 3 ).

[0062] In the first experiment, the height, primary branches and secondary branches of licorice cultivated by the horizontal planting and root cutting method were significantly increased compared with the control experiment. In the first experiment, the height of licorice cultivated by the horizontal planting and root cutting method reached 52.88 cm, the length of the primary branch reached 36.83 cm, and the length of the secondary branch reached 22.55 cm (see Figure 4 ).

[0063] In experiment 1, the length of new roots of licorice cultivated by horizontal root cutting method increased by 25.01% compared with the control experiment (see Figure 5 ).

[0064] In the first experiment, the aboveground biomass of licorice cultivated by the horizontal planting and root cutting method was 27.20±3.53g / plant, and the underground biomass was 44.58±4.13g / plant, which were increased by 21.98% and 37.21% respectively compared with the control experiment (see Figure 6 ).

[0065] In summary, the horizontal planting and root cutting method of the present invention has a significant effect on cultivating licorice, and improves the growth characteristics and above-ground and underground yields of licorice.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating liquorice in an artificial field with high efficiency and high yield, characterized in that The efficient and high-yield method for artificial field cultivation of licorice is carried out according to the following steps:

1. Select sandy loam with good drainage, convenient irrigation and deep soil layer, and deep plow in the autumn of the same year; 2. In mid-May of the second spring, apply compound fertilizer or urea as base fertilizer before planting, and then perform rotary tillage to break up large clumps of soil; 3. Select licorice saplings that are more than one year old, have reached the third level of growth, and have asexual buds at the reed head. Leave 30cm to 35cm from the reed head to the root tip for root cutting. Use the saplings with reed heads after root cutting as licorice transplanting materials.

4. Use conventional seedbed ridge-building machinery to build the seedbed; 5. Dig 10-15 cm deep furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 25-30 cm, and plant the licorice transplanting materials processed in step 3 horizontally with a plant spacing of 10-15 cm, then cover with soil and compact it, and then water it. Plant 10,000 to 15,000 plants per mu; 6. After planting, irrigate and replenish water in time according to soil moisture conditions within 30 days of the seedling stage; 7. In mid-June of the planting year, apply 10kg / mu to 15kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 8-10kg / mu of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer during irrigation or before rain.

8. Remove weeds in the field in time according to the situation of licorice in the field, and weed for the first time every year when the seedling height is 6cm to 8cm; 9. Follow up with conventional field management; 10. ①. The aboveground parts of 1-year-old licorice are harvested for use as forage; ②. The aboveground stems and leaves of 2- to 3-year-old licorice are harvested in autumn for use as forage, and the underground rhizomes are harvested at the same time. The rhizomes are dug out, cleaned of soil, and then dried in the sun or oven for storage.

2. The method for cultivating liquorice in an efficient and high-yield artificial field according to claim 1, characterized in that The depth of the sandy loam described in step 1 is greater than 60 cm.

3. The method for cultivating liquorice in an efficient and high-yield artificial field according to claim 1, characterized in that The depth of deep plowing in autumn in step one is 35cm.

4. The method for cultivating liquorice in an efficient and high-yield artificial field according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the rhizome of the licorice root described in step 3 is 8mm-10mm, and the length of the rhizome is 45cm-50cm.

5. The method for cultivating liquorice in an efficient and high-yield artificial field according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, the width of the seedbed is 120 cm, the row spacing is 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm to ensure that the licorice plants have enough growth space.

6. The method for cultivating liquorice in an efficient and high-yield artificial field according to claim 1, characterized in that In step five, 15,000 plants are planted per acre.

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