Windings, transformers and transformer devices

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a winding (110) for a phase winding of a transformer (20). The winding (110) comprises a plurality of winding portions (116) arranged along a coil axis (z). The plurality of winding portions (116) comprises a first winding portion (116a) arranged at a first end (110a) of the winding (110) and a second winding portion (116b) arranged at a second end (110b) of the winding (110). The winding (110) further comprises at least a third winding portion (116c) arranged between the first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b) along the coil axis (z). The first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b) have a first winding portion stiffness as along the coil axis (z) and the at least third winding portion (116c) has a second winding portion stiffness as along the coil axis (z). The second winding portion stiffness is greater than the first winding portion stiffness. The third winding portion (116c) has a third portion center point (C3) located on the coil axis (z) equidistantly spaced at a distance from the first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b), the third portion center point (C3) being positioned closer to the first end (110a) of the winding (110) than a winding center point (C). The present disclosure also relates to a transformer (20) comprising the winding (110) and to a transformer device comprising the transformer (20).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a winding for a transformer. This disclosure also relates to a transformer including such a winding and a transformer apparatus including such a transformer. Background Technology

[0002] Like any other industrial product, transformers must meet various requirements regarding noise levels. Load noise is generated by electromagnetic forces in the transformer windings. Due to the electrical operating frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, the transformer vibrates at mechanical frequencies of 100 Hz or 120 Hz, respectively. Asymmetrical, and especially symmetrical, vibration modes contribute to noise generation. Symmetrical vibration causes piston-like movement of the windings, which is then transmitted through the pressure plates, support frame, and transformer oil to the transformer tank walls, thus generating significant noise.

[0003] JPH04318905 A discloses a winding device having spacers made of cardboard, and the central portion of the winding having spacers with a greater compressive modulus, such as fiberboard or resin.

[0004] US3815068 A discloses a winding having a thicker spacer located in the axial middle portion of the low-voltage winding. This thicker spacer provides a larger gap between the coil turns of the winding, resulting in a reduction in the number of turns in the middle portion.

[0005] JP2013183151 A discloses that the mode shape of the winding can be changed by altering the material and thickness of the spacer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the object of this disclosure is to provide an improved winding for a transformer. More specifically, the object of this disclosure is to provide a winding with reduced noise emissions and cost-effective construction and assembly. Another object of this disclosure is to provide a transformer including such a winding and a transformer apparatus including such a transformer in a transformer tank.

[0007] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, this objective is achieved at least in part by the winding as described in claim 1.

[0008] Therefore, a winding for a phase winding of a transformer is provided, the winding having coil turns around a coil axis. The winding has a first end and a second end, and a winding center point located on the coil axis between the first end and the second end. The winding includes a plurality of winding portions arranged along the coil axis. The plurality of winding portions includes a first winding portion arranged at the first end of the winding and a second winding portion arranged at the second end of the winding. The winding further includes at least a third winding portion arranged along the coil axis between the first winding portion and the second winding portion. The first winding portion and the second winding portion have the same stiffness as the first winding portion along the coil axis, and at least the third winding portion has the same stiffness as the second winding portion along the coil axis. The stiffness of the second winding portion is greater than the stiffness of the first winding portion. The third winding portion has a third partial center point located on the coil axis, the third partial center point being equidistant from the first winding portion and the second winding portion by a certain distance. The third partial center point is positioned closer to the first end of the winding than the winding center point.

[0009] A winding is a phase winding used in a transformer. A phase winding can have multiple windings. For example, a three-phase transformer has three phase windings, each of which has at least two windings, such as an inner winding and an outer winding, where "inner" and "outer" refer to the relative positions of the windings around the coil axis. A single-phase transformer has only one phase winding.

[0010] In this document, a winding portion is defined as a section of the winding along the coil axis. When the winding is assembled with the phase winding of a transformer, the coil axis is a vertical axis. The first and second winding portions sandwich a third winding portion between them. Conventional windings have only a single winding portion.

[0011] It has been found that the expansion and contraction of the middle portion of the winding (where "middle" refers to the position along the coil axis) is significantly greater than that of other parts of the winding due to symmetrical vibration at the operating frequency. Therefore, arranging a third winding portion with greater stiffness in the middle portion of the winding reduces / suppresses winding movement and thus reduces noise emissions.

[0012] The distance between the center point of the third section and the first end of the winding is shorter than the distance between the center point of the winding and the first end of the winding.

[0013] It has been observed that the maximum movement of the winding occurs closer to the first end than the second end, i.e., not entirely at the center point of the winding. Therefore, it is advantageous to make the winding stiffer in the portion closer to the first end rather than at the axial center of the winding. Consequently, a third winding portion, stiffer than the first and second winding portions, is arranged closer to the first end than the second end. It can be concluded that the extension of the first winding portion along the coil axis can be shorter than the extension of the second winding portion along the coil axis.

[0014] Optionally, the winding is provided with a plurality of spacers between the coil turns, wherein the first winding portion and the second winding portion are provided with at least one spacer of at least one first type having at least one first elastic modulus, and the third winding portion is provided with at least one spacer of at least one second type having at least one second elastic modulus, wherein each of the at least one second elastic modulus is greater than the first elastic modulus.

[0015] Spacers are used to keep the coil turns of a winding separated to prevent short circuits. The elasticity / stiffness of the spacers affects the elasticity / stiffness of the winding. Therefore, different types of spacers can be used to adjust and configure the stiffness of the winding portions. According to this disclosure, a stiffer type of spacer with a significantly larger elastic modulus is arranged between the coil turns of the third winding portion compared to the spacers of the first and second winding portions. Consequently, the stiffness of the second winding portion is greater than that of the first winding portion.

[0016] Optionally, the third winding portion includes multiple sub-sections arranged along the coil axis. Each sub-section has the same stiffness as along the coil axis. Each sub-section includes a second type of spacer, and each sub-section stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the first winding portion.

[0017] Therefore, the second type of spacers is characterized in that they all have greater stiffness than the first type of spacers. The second type of spacers may include different spacers, such that each sub-section has a specific stiffness (modulus of elasticity). The second type of spacers may, for example, include two kinds of spacers. Thus, the third winding section may have two different kinds of sub-sections arranged along the coil axis, for example, in an alternating configuration.

[0018] Optionally, the distribution of the plurality of sub-parts forms an aggregate winding portion stiffness, wherein the plurality of sub-parts are configured such that the aggregate winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion on the first side of the winding center point, such as along the coil axis, is greater than the aggregate winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion on the second side of the winding center point, such as along the coil axis.

[0019] The aggregate winding section stiffness will be understood as a collection of sub-section stiffnesses that provide the winding section with a stiffness that can vary along the axial range of the winding section. Since each sub-section stiffness is stiffer than at least the first winding section stiffness and at least the second winding section stiffness, it is ensured that the third winding section is stiffer than the first and second winding sections along the entire axial range of the third winding section.

[0020] Therefore, the stiffness of the third winding portion along the coil axis can be configured by arranging the sub-sections in a predetermined manner. By arranging one or more sub-sections with greater stiffness on the first side of the winding center point and one or more sub-sections with lower stiffness on the second side of the winding center point, it is ensured that the third winding portion is stiffer closer to the first end than the second end. This, in turn, more effectively suppresses large movements of the winding.

[0021] Alternatively, the first side of the winding center point is positioned closer to the first end of the winding than the second end.

[0022] It should be understood that the first side of the center point is the side closer to the first end of the winding, and the second side of the center point is the side closer to the second end of the winding.

[0023] Optionally, the elastic modulus of the first type of spacer may be 0.1 GPa–3 GPa, preferably 0.5 GPa–1.5 GPa, and most preferably 0.9 GPa–1.1 GPa. The elastic modulus of the at least one second type of spacer may be greater than 50 GPa, preferably greater than 80 GPa, and most preferably greater than 105 GPa. Further, the material of the first type of spacer may be a cellulose-based material (such as pressboard), and the material of the at least one second type of spacer may be a composite material (such as talc).

[0024] Conventional spacers are typically made of cardboard with an elastic modulus of approximately 1 GPa. It can be seen that the stiffness (elastic modulus) recommended for the second type of spacer is significantly higher than that for the first type. Talc, with an elastic modulus of approximately 110 GPa, has been shown to have a particularly large damping effect on noise generation.

[0025] Optionally, the first end is the upper end of the winding when installed in a transformer, and the second end is the lower end of the winding when installed in a transformer.

[0026] Therefore, the maximum movement of the vibrating winding occurs slightly closer to the upper end of the winding than the lower end.

[0027] Optionally, the first end is the lower end of the winding when installed in a transformer, and the second end is the upper end of the winding when installed in a transformer.

[0028] Therefore, the maximum movement of the vibrating winding occurs slightly closer to the lower end of the winding than the upper end.

[0029] It is anticipated that the maximum movement of the vibrating winding will occur as a shift from the center of the winding toward the upper end or toward the lower end of the winding. The amount of shift depends on the construction of the transformer that includes the winding.

[0030] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, this objective is achieved at least in part by the transformer according to claim 11.

[0031] Therefore, a transformer is provided that includes at least one winding according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0032] Optionally, the transformer includes at least one phase winding, said at least one phase winding having a winding of any of the embodiments according to the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0033] When a transformer includes at least one winding according to this disclosure, the acoustic power of each such winding can reduce the acoustic power of the transformer as a whole, such as when at least one of the three phase windings is a winding according to this disclosure. Therefore, a winding according to this disclosure can be an inner or outer winding of a phase winding. In other words, a winding according to this disclosure can be a high-voltage or low-voltage winding of a phase winding.

[0034] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, this objective is achieved at least in part by the transformer device according to claim 13.

[0035] Therefore, a transformer device is provided, comprising a transformer according to any one of the embodiments of the second aspect of this disclosure. The transformer may be immersed in an electrically insulating medium inside a transformer tank.

[0036] The transformer can be immersed in an electrically insulating medium (such as oil) within a transformer tank. By providing at least one winding according to this disclosure, the symmetry mode of the transformer can be modified to reduce transformer vibration and noise. Therefore, such a transformer in a transformer tank will cause the transformer tank walls to generate less noise to the surrounding environment. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Further objects, advantages, and features of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description of one or more embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 shows the noise power generated by a transformer of the prior art at a predetermined frequency.

[0039] Figure 2 shows the phase windings of the prior art under maximum compression.

[0040] Figure 3 shows the phase windings of the prior art under maximum expansion.

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic representation of a winding according to an embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic representation of a winding according to an embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0043] Figure 6 A transformer according to the second aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0044] Figure 7 A transformer device according to a third aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0045] Figure 8 The noise reduction of the winding according to the first aspect of this disclosure is shown at various frequencies. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present disclosure is expanded in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments. This disclosure should not be construed as limited to the described exemplary embodiments; rather, it is defined by the appended claims. Throughout the specification, similar reference numerals refer to similar elements.

[0047] Figure 1 illustrates how the acoustic power of the prior art transformer 20' shown in Figures 2 and 3 varies with frequency due to the vibration of winding 110'. The horizontal axis represents the mechanical vibration frequency. The curves represent the superposition of vibration modes of the transformer 20' structure caused by the vibration of winding 110'. The mode of interest of transformer 20' can be identified at the peak amplitude where the acoustic power is the highest. The peak amplitude at approximately 120 Hz indicates a symmetrical vibration mode. It can be seen that it has the greatest effect on acoustic power at 100 Hz and 120 Hz (i.e., at the operating electrical frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively).

[0048] Especially when installed in a transformer box (not shown), the symmetrical movement (piston displacement) of transformer 20' (Figures 2 and 3) radiates significantly more noise into the far field compared to asymmetrical movement, because symmetrical vibration displaces more air outside the transformer box and thus radiates sound more efficiently than asymmetrical movement. Winding 110' (see Figures 2 and 3) typically vibrates under load at a mechanical master frequency of 100 Hz or 120 Hz (i.e., twice the predetermined electrical operating (excitation) frequency, typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz).

[0049] Figures 2 and 3 illustrate simulated movement in operating a prior art transformer 20' with three phase windings, each phase winding comprising a winding 110', which have cardboard spacers between coil turns. For clarity, movement in only one phase winding is shown. In normal operation, all three phase windings will move similarly, but with a phase difference between the oscillations. These phase windings are clamped between upper and lower pressure plates 212' and upper and lower support beams 214'. When winding 110' vibrates, the vibrational movement is transferred to pressure plates 212' and support beams 214', as shown. If the transformer 20' is enclosed in a transformer tank and immersed in an insulating medium, the movement will further transfer the insulating medium to the transformer tank walls.

[0050] The piston-like movement of symmetrical vibrations causes the winding to oscillate and compress, especially along the coil axis z. Figure 2 shows the moving phase winding under maximum compression Mc. Figure 3 shows the moving phase winding under maximum expansion Me. The movement of winding 110' varies along the coil axis, but Figures 2 and 3 show that both compression and expansion have maximum values ​​that are slightly offset from the winding center point C'. The purpose of this disclosure is to reduce and suppress the movement of transformer windings.

[0051] Figure 4 A winding 110 for a phase winding of a transformer 20 according to a first aspect of the present disclosure is shown. The winding 110 has coil turns 120 around a coil axis z. The winding 110 further has a first end 110a and a second end 110b, and a winding center point C located on the coil axis z between the first end 110a and the second end 110b.

[0052] The winding 110 includes a plurality of winding portions 116 arranged along the coil axis z. The plurality of winding portions 116 includes a first winding portion 116a arranged at a first end 110a of the winding 110 and a second winding portion 116b arranged at a second end 110b of the winding 110. The winding 110 further includes at least a third winding portion 116c arranged along the coil axis z between the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b. The first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b have the same stiffness as the first winding portion along the coil axis z, and at least the third winding portion 116c has the same stiffness as the second winding portion along the coil axis z. The stiffness of the second winding portion is greater than the stiffness of the first winding portion.

[0053] The first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b sandwich the third winding portion 116c between them. Conventional windings (such as those illustrated in Figures 2 and 3) have only a single winding portion.

[0054] Since it has been found that the expansion and contraction of the middle portion of winding 110 due to symmetrical vibration at the operating frequency is significantly greater than that of other portions of winding 110, arranging the middle portion of winding 110 with greater stiffness reduces / suppresses the movement of winding 110 and thereby reduces noise emissions. The greater stiffness of the middle portion is achieved by a third winding portion 116c having a second winding portion stiffness greater than the first winding portion stiffness of the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b.

[0055] The third winding portion 116c has a third part center point C3 located on the coil axis z, which is equidistant from the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b by a distance d. Figure 4 As illustrated, the center point C3 of the third portion can be positioned closer to the first end 110a of the winding 110 than the center point C of the winding. It is also conceivable that, for example, when the third winding portion 116c is located in the axial middle of the winding 110, the center point C of the winding and the center point C3 of the third portion are the same.

[0056] Depending on the transformer's construction and design, and how the phase windings are mounted and assembled with each other, the maximum movement of winding 110 can occur closer to the first end 110a than to the second end 110b, i.e., not exactly at the winding center point C. Therefore, it is advantageous to make winding 110 stiffer in the portion closer to the first end 110a rather than in the axial center C of the winding. Thus, a third winding portion 116c, stiffer than the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b, is arranged closer to the first end 110a than to the second end 110b. It is thus concluded that, as Figure 4 As illustrated, the axial extension a1 of the first winding portion 116a may be shorter than the axial extension a2 of the second winding portion 116b.

[0057] It should be understood herein that the first end 110a may be the upper end of the winding 110 when installed in the transformer 20, and the second end 110b may be the lower end of the winding 110 when installed in the transformer 20, or vice versa. Therefore, in operation, the maximum movement of the vibrating winding 110 occurs slightly closer to the upper end (first end 110a) of the winding 110 than to the lower end (second end 110b). Alternatively, the maximum movement of the vibrating winding 110 occurs slightly closer to the lower end (first end 110a) of the winding 110 than to the upper end (second end 110b). The illustrated exemplary embodiment shows the first end 110a as the upper end and the second end 110b as the lower end.

[0058] The winding 110 has a plurality of spacers 130 between the coil turns 120. The first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b are provided with at least one spacer 130a of at least one first type having at least one first elastic modulus (made of...). Figure 4 (Detailed view illustration). The third winding portion 116c is provided with at least one spacer 130b (not shown) of a second type having at least one second elastic modulus. Each of the at least one second elastic modulus is greater than the at least one first elastic modulus.

[0059] Spacers 130 are conventionally distributed along the axial length of the winding 110 between the coil turns 120 to separate and electrically insulate the coil turns 120 of the winding 110 from each other. The elasticity / stiffness of the spacers 130 affects the elasticity / stiffness of the winding 110. Therefore, different types of spacers 130 can be used to adjust and configure the stiffness of the winding portion 116. According to this disclosure, a stiffer second type of spacer 130b, having a larger elastic modulus than a first type of spacer 130a for the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b, is arranged between the coil turns 120 of the third winding portion 116c. Thus, the stiffness of the second winding portion is greater than that of the first winding portion.

[0060] exist Figure 5 In another embodiment illustrated, the third winding portion 116c includes a plurality of sub-portions 116c1, ..., 116cn arranged along the coil axis z. Each sub-portion 116c1, ..., 116cn has a sub-portion stiffness as along the coil axis z, and each sub-portion 116c1, ..., 116cn includes a spacer 130b of a second type. The stiffness of each sub-portion is configured to be greater than the stiffness of the first winding portion.

[0061] Therefore, the second type of spacers 130b is characterized in that they all have greater stiffness than each of the at least one first type of spacer 130a. The second type of spacers 130b may include different spacers 130b, such that each sub-part 116c1, ..., 116cn has a spacer 130b with a corresponding stiffness (modulus of elasticity). The second type of spacers 130b may, for example, include two kinds of spacers 130b. Thus, the third winding portion 116c may, for example, have two different kinds of sub-parts 116c1, 116c2 arranged along the coil axis, for example, by alternating a plurality of first sub-parts with another plurality of second sub-parts. Using the example of two different sub-parts, it is also conceivable that the first sub-part 116c1 is arranged on the first side of the center point C3 of the third portion and the second sub-part 116c2 is arranged on the second side of the center point C3 of the third portion.

[0062] It is also conceivable that the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b are configured to have first sub-parts and second sub-parts (not shown), respectively. Each first sub-part and each second sub-part would then include a spacer 130a of a first type. The stiffness of each first sub-part and the stiffness of each second sub-part would be configured to be less than the stiffness of each of the sub-parts of the third winding portion 116c. Then, the stiffer first sub-parts and second sub-parts would be arranged closer to the third winding portion 116c than the less stiff sub-parts and second sub-parts, such that the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b exhibit higher stiffness near the third winding portion 116c rather than further away from it.

[0063] The distribution of the plurality of sub-parts 116c1, ..., 116cn of the third winding portion 116c forms the aggregate winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion 116c. The plurality of sub-parts 116c1, ..., 116cn can be configured such that the aggregate winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion 116c located on the first side of the winding center point C, such as along the coil axis z, is greater than the aggregate winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion 116c located on the second side of the winding center point C, such as along the coil axis z.

[0064] Therefore, the aggregate stiffness along the coil axis of the third winding portion 116c can be configured by arranging the sub-portions 116c1, ..., 116cn in a predetermined manner. By arranging one or more sub-portions 116c1, ..., 116cn with greater stiffness on the first side of the winding center point C and arranging one or more sub-portions 116c1, ..., 116cn with lower stiffness on the second side of the winding center point C, it is ensured that the third winding portion 116c is stiffer closer to the first end 110a rather than the second end 110b. This allows for more efficient suppression of large movements of the winding 110.

[0065] It should be noted in this article that the first side of the winding center point C is positioned closer to the first end 110a of the winding 110 rather than the second end 110b.

[0066] The spacer 130 can be selected such that the elastic modulus of the first type of spacer 130a is 0.1 GPa–3 GPa, preferably 0.5 GPa–1.5 GPa, and most preferably 0.9 GPa–1.1 GPa. The elastic modulus of the at least one second type of spacer 130b can be selected to be greater than 50 GPa, preferably greater than 80 GPa, and most preferably greater than 105 GPa. In the preferred example above, the material of the first type of spacer 130a can be selected as cardboard, and the material of the at least one second type of spacer 130b can be selected as talc.

[0067] Conventional spacers 130 are typically made of cardboard with an elastic modulus of approximately 1 GPa. It can be seen that the stiffness (elastic modulus) recommended for the second type spacer 130b is significantly higher than that for the first type spacer 130a. Talc with an elastic modulus of approximately 110 GPa has been shown to have a particularly large damping effect on noise generation when combined with the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b of the conventional cardboard spacer.

[0068] Figure 6 A transformer 20 according to a second aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. The transformer 20 includes at least one winding 110 of any of the embodiments according to a first aspect of the present disclosure. The transformer 20 may further include upper and lower pressure plates 212 and upper and lower support beams 214. The winding 110 is clamped between the support beams 214 and the pressure plates 212. At least one winding 110 of the transformer 20 may be a winding 110 according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, as described above. Therefore, the winding 110 may be an inner winding and / or an outer winding of a phase winding of the transformer 20.

[0069] Figure 7 A transformer apparatus 30 according to a third aspect of this disclosure is shown. The transformer apparatus 30 includes a transformer 20 of any of the embodiments according to a second aspect of this disclosure. The transformer may be immersed in an electrically insulating medium (such as oil) inside a transformer tank 300. By providing at least one winding 110 according to this disclosure, the symmetry mode of the transformer 20 can be modified to reduce transformer vibration and noise. Therefore, such a transformer 20 in the transformer tank 300 will cause the transformer tank walls to generate less noise to the surrounding environment.

[0070] Figure 8 A graph showing the simulation results of winding 110 at different mechanical frequencies is presented. The horizontal line at 0 dB represents a reference conventional (prior art) winding 110'. The dashed line represents a winding according to this disclosure, having a first winding portion 116a, a second winding portion 116b, and a third winding portion 116c, wherein the third winding portion 116c is provided with stiffer spacers than the first winding portion 116a and the second winding portion 116b. It can be seen that the noise reduction is at least -3.5 dB at 100 Hz, which is a significant and noticeable noise reduction.

Claims

1. A winding (110) for a phase winding of a transformer (20), the winding (110) having coil turns (120) around a coil axis (z), the winding (110) having a first end (110a) and a second end (110b), and a winding center point (C) located on the coil axis (z) between the first end (110a) and the second end (110b). in, The winding (110) includes a plurality of winding portions (116) arranged along the coil axis (z). The plurality of winding portions (116) includes a first winding portion (116a) arranged at a first end (110a) of the winding (110) and a second winding portion (116b) arranged at a second end (110b) of the winding (110). The winding (110) further includes at least a third winding portion (116c) arranged along the coil axis (z) between the first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b). The first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b) have the same stiffness as the first winding portion along the coil axis (z), and the at least third winding portion (116c) has the same stiffness as the second winding portion along the coil axis (z), wherein the stiffness of the second winding portion is greater than the stiffness of the first winding portion. The third winding portion (116c) is characterized in that it has a third part center point (C3) located on the coil axis (z), the third part center point being equidistant from the first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b) at a certain distance, and the third part center point (C3) being positioned closer to the first end (110a) of the winding (110) than the winding center point (C).

2. The winding (110) according to claim 1, wherein, The winding (110) is provided with a plurality of spacers (130) between the coil turns (120), wherein the first winding portion (116a) and the second winding portion (116b) are provided with at least one spacer (130a) of at least one first type having at least one first elastic modulus, and the third winding portion (116c) is provided with at least one spacer (130b) of at least one second type having at least one second elastic modulus, wherein each of the at least one second elastic modulus is greater than each of the at least one first elastic modulus.

3. The winding (110) according to claim 1, wherein, The third winding portion (116c) includes a plurality of sub-parts (116c1, ..., 116cn) arranged along the coil axis (z), each sub-part (116c1, ..., 116cn) having the same sub-part stiffness as along the coil axis (z), wherein each sub-part includes a second type of spacer (130b), and wherein the stiffness of each sub-part is greater than the stiffness of the first winding portion.

4. The winding (110) according to claim 3, wherein, The distribution of the plurality of sub-parts (116c1, ..., 116cn) forms a cohesive winding portion stiffness, wherein the plurality of sub-parts (116c1, ..., 116cn) are configured such that the cohesive winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion (116c) on the first side of the winding center point (C) along the coil axis (z) is greater than the cohesive winding portion stiffness of the third winding portion (116c) on the second side of the winding center point (C) along the coil axis (z).

5. The winding (110) according to claim 4, wherein, The first side of the winding center point (C) is positioned closer to the first end (110a) of the winding (110) than the second end (110b).

6. The winding (110) according to claim 2, wherein, The elastic modulus of the first type of spacer (130a) is 0.1 GPa–3 GPa, and wherein the elastic modulus of the at least one second type of spacer (130b) is greater than 50 GPa.

7. The winding (110) according to claim 6, wherein, The elastic modulus of the first type of spacer (130a) is 0.5 GPa–1.5 GPa, and wherein the elastic modulus of the at least one second type of spacer (130b) is greater than 80 GPa.

8. The winding (110) according to claim 7, wherein, The elastic modulus of the first type of spacer (130a) is 0.9 GPa–1.1 GPa, and wherein the elastic modulus of the at least one second type of spacer (130b) is greater than 105 GPa.

9. The winding (110) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein, The material of the first type of spacer (130a) is cardboard, and the material of the at least one second type of spacer (130b) is talc.

10. The winding (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The first end (110a) is the upper end of the winding (110) when it is installed in the transformer (20), and the second end (110b) is the lower end of the winding (110) when it is installed in the transformer (20).

11. The winding (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The first end (110a) is the lower end of the winding (110) when installed in the transformer (20), and the second end (110b) is the upper end of the winding (110) when installed in the transformer (20).

12. A transformer (20) comprising at least one winding according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The transformer (20) according to claim 12, comprising at least one phase winding having at least one winding (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

14. A transformer device (30) comprising a transformer (20) according to any one of claims 12 or 13, the transformer being immersed in an electrically insulating medium inside a transformer tank (300).

Images