Environment-friendly stone breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production

Abstract

The invention provides environment-friendly stone breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production, and relates to the field of silicon-carbon alloy production. The environment-friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production comprises a crusher, an air inlet is formed in one end of the crusher, an air outlet is formed in the other end of the crusher, a baffle capable of rotatably covering a feeding port of the crusher is arranged at the feeding end of the crusher, and the air outlet is connected with and penetrates through an air inducing and dust falling mechanism. According to the environment-friendly stone breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production, a spray head sprays water to the surface of an impact dispersion cone for uniform dispersion, the water flows downwards from a through hole, and air with dust flows upwards from the lower side through the through hole and passes through the through hole, so that flowing water is in contact with the air with the dust, the dust in the air can be separated from the air through the flowing water, and the stone breaking efficiency is improved. Therefore, dust falling of the crusher can be achieved, the problem that the number of drying units is increased due to the fact that dust falling is directly conducted on crushed objects can be avoided, and the effects of saving energy and reducing flying dust can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of silicon-carbon alloy production, in particular to an environmentally friendly stone breaking device for silicon-carbon alloy production. Background Art

[0002] Silica and coke are mixed in a certain proportion and then placed in a high-temperature electric furnace for reaction. Under high temperature conditions, the silicon dioxide in the silica reacts chemically with the carbon in the coke to form a silicon-carbon alloy. In addition to the main mineral quartz, silica is usually accompanied by impurity minerals such as feldspar, mica, clay and iron. During the crushing process, clay and crushed particles will form large dust.

[0003] The existing patent (CN118002289B) discloses a construction waste crushing device with dust reduction and cleaning functions, comprising a box body, wherein a crushing component A and a crushing component B are installed inside the box body, a feed port and a pusher component are provided at one end of the box body, a discharge port is provided at the end of the box body away from the feed port, a barrier component is installed above the crushing component A, a feeding component A is installed at the output end of the crushing component A, the crushing component B is installed at the bottom of the feeding component A, and the crushing component B is installed at the bottom of the crushing component B. Multiple groups of dust reduction components are installed inside the box body, and the multiple groups of dust reduction components are respectively installed above the crushing component A and the crushing component B, and a cleaning component is installed at the bottom of the feeding component B, so that when the device is in use, the device can be used to crush the construction waste and distinguish the waste in the construction waste.

[0004] This technical solution provides a technical solution for dust reduction by spraying water directly onto the crushed objects through a dust reduction component. Such a setting can effectively reduce dust and achieve the purpose of environmental protection. However, the silica crushing process increases the water content and needs to be dried, which not only increases the use of energy, but also increases the work process and reduces work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly stone breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production, including a crusher, one end of the crusher is provided with an air inlet, the other end of the crusher is provided with an air outlet, the feed end of the crusher is provided with a baffle that can rotate to cover the feed inlet of the crusher, the air outlet is connected to and penetrated by an air induced dust reduction mechanism, the interior of the air induced dust reduction mechanism is provided with an air flow channel from bottom to top, the interior of the air induced dust reduction mechanism is provided with a liquid flow channel from top to bottom, and the air flow channel and the liquid flow channel partially cross and overlap.

[0007] The air-inducing dust-reduction mechanism comprises a dust-reduction box, the top of the dust-reduction box is an air-inducing section, the bottom of the dust-reduction box is a dust-reduction section, blades are arranged inside the dust-reduction box at the air-inducing section, a partition with through holes is fixedly installed inside the dust-reduction box at the dust-reduction section, a water supply ring is arranged on the partition, a nozzle is arranged inside the water supply ring, a support frame is fixedly installed inside the dust-reduction box above the water supply ring, an impact dispersion cone is fixedly installed on the end of the support frame away from the dust-reduction box, the impact dispersion cone is concentric with the partition, and the side of the impact dispersion cone is aligned with the nozzle.

[0008] Preferably, one side of the dust reduction box is connected to and penetrated with a sewage outlet, the dust reduction box is provided with an air inlet between the sewage outlet and the lowermost partition, and one side of the dust reduction box is provided with a water supply pipe connected to and penetrated with a water supply ring.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the partitions is at least two, the two partitions are equidistantly distributed up and down, and the through holes of the partitions are staggered.

[0010] Preferably, the water supply ring includes a fixed outer ring and a rotating inner ring rotatably connected to the inner ring of the fixed outer ring, the nozzle is connected to and penetrates the rotating inner ring, and the support frame is fixedly installed above the rotating inner ring.

[0011] Preferably, a fixing frame is fixedly installed on the top of the dust reduction box, a motor is fixedly installed on the top of the fixing frame, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor, blades are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, the interior of the dust reduction box is fixedly connected to a gearbox through a support rod, the output end of the rotating shaft is connected to the input end of the gearbox, a center shaft is fixedly installed on the output end of the gearbox, the center shaft is fixedly connected to all impact dispersion cones, and the center shaft is rotatably connected to the partition.

[0012] Preferably, the outer side of the air inlet is connected to and penetrated by a serpentine tube that bends and changes direction at least three times vertically, the air inlet end of the serpentine tube is connected to and penetrated by the air outlet, the middle lower bending part of the serpentine tube is connected to and penetrated by a temporary storage box, the upper part of the temporary storage box is threadedly connected to a water injection bolt, and the lower part of the temporary storage box is threadedly connected to a sewage discharge bolt.

[0013] Preferably, a sleeve is provided on the outer side of the air inlet, and a filter unit is provided in the middle of the sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the side wall of the sleeve is provided with an extension sleeve for accommodating the rotation and swinging of the filter unit, and the filter unit includes a rotating ring, an extension rod is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating ring, an end of the extension rod away from the rotating ring is rotatably connected to a swing rod, a magnetic sleeve is fixedly installed on the top of the swing rod, a filter core is provided inside the magnetic sleeve, an electromagnetic ring is provided inside the extension sleeve for driving the magnetic sleeve to rotate along the swing rod, and the notch cross-section of the extension sleeve is smaller than the cross-section of the filter core.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production can guide the air to enter from the sleeve and be discharged from the air outlet of the crusher by the rotating blades, so as to drive the dust in the crushing process into the dust reduction box. The dust reduction box is provided with a nozzle inside, which sprays water onto the surface of the impact dispersion cone for uniform dispersion, and flows downward from the through hole. The air with dust flows upward from the bottom through the through hole and passes through the through hole, so that the flowing water contacts the air with dust, and the dust in the air can be separated from the air by the flowing water, so as to realize the dust reduction of the crusher, thereby avoiding the problem of increasing the drying unit due to direct dust reduction of the crushed objects, thereby saving energy and reducing dust.

[0017] 2. The environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production has at least two partitions, which are equidistantly distributed up and down, and the through holes of the partitions are staggered. This arrangement prevents water and air from going straight up and down, thereby increasing the contact time and improving the dust reduction efficiency.

[0018] 3. The environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production has a water supply ring including a fixed outer ring and a rotating inner ring rotatably connected to the inner ring of the fixed outer ring. The nozzles are connected and connected to the rotating inner ring, and the support frame is fixedly installed above the rotating inner ring. This arrangement ensures that even if some nozzles are blocked, the remaining nozzles can still complete the dust reduction work.

[0019] 4. The environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production has a side wall of a sleeve provided with an extension sleeve for accommodating the rotation and swinging of the filter unit, the filter unit comprising a rotating ring, an extension rod fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the rotating ring, an end of the extension rod away from the rotating ring is rotatably connected with a swing rod, a magnetic sleeve fixedly mounted on the top of the swing rod, a filter core is arranged inside the magnetic sleeve, an electromagnetic ring for driving the magnetic sleeve to rotate along the swing rod is arranged inside the extension sleeve, a notch section of the extension sleeve is smaller than a section of the filter core, through such an arrangement, the filter unit can be rotated to the outside of the sleeve at the inlet and the electromagnetic ring is periodically energized to drive the magnetic sleeve to swing and collide with the extension sleeve, so that dust on the surface of the filter core can fall off, achieving a cleaning effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wind-induced dust-reduction mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the dust suppression box of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the motor connection of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water supply ring connection of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the serpentine pipe of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the filter unit of the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the sleeve connection of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. crusher; 2. air inlet; 3. air outlet; 4. baffle; 5. air induction and dust reduction mechanism; 501. dust reduction box; 502. blades; 503. partition; 504. water supply ring; 505. support frame; 506. impact dispersion cone; 507. sewage outlet; 508. air inlet; 509. water supply pipe; 510. through hole; 511. fixed outer ring; 512. rotating inner ring; 513. fixed frame; 514. motor; 515. rotating shaft; 516. gearbox; 517. central shaft; 518. nozzle; 6. serpentine pipe; 7. temporary storage box; 8. water injection bolt; 9. sewage discharge bolt; 10. sleeve; 11. filter unit; 12. extension sleeve; 13. rotating ring; 14. extension rod; 15. swing rod; 16. magnetic sleeve; 17. filter element; 18. electromagnetic ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] In addition, in this application, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0034] like Figure 1-9 As shown, an environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production includes a crusher 1, an air inlet 2 is arranged at one end of the crusher 1, an air outlet 3 is arranged at the other end of the crusher 1, a baffle 4 which can rotate to cover the feed port of the crusher 1 is arranged at the feed end of the crusher 1, and the air outlet 3 is connected to and penetrated by an air induced dust reduction mechanism 5, an air flow channel from bottom to top is arranged inside the air induced dust reduction mechanism 5, a liquid flow channel from top to bottom is arranged inside the air induced dust reduction mechanism 5, and the air flow channel and the liquid flow channel partially overlap, through such an arrangement, the air induced part introduces dusty air into the interior of the dust reduction part, and dust in the air is reduced by liquid flow. Compared with traditional bag dust removal, a blowing mechanism is required to blow air into the interior of the device, and the dust suction process can prevent dust from escaping from the gap of the crusher 1.

[0035] The induced air dust reduction mechanism 5 includes a dust reduction box 501, the top of the dust reduction box 501 is an induced air section, the bottom of the dust reduction box 501 is a dust reduction section, the interior of the dust reduction box 501 is located in the induced air section and is provided with blades 502, the interior of the dust reduction box 501 is located in the dust reduction section and is fixedly installed with a partition 503 with a through hole 510, the partition 503 is provided with a water supply ring 504, the interior of the water supply ring 504 is provided with a nozzle 518, and the interior of the dust reduction box 501 is located above the water supply ring 504 and is fixedly installed with a support The support frame 505 has an impact dispersion cone 506 fixedly mounted on one end of the support frame 505 away from the dust suppression box 501. The impact dispersion cone 506 is concentric with the partition 503, and the side of the impact dispersion cone 506 is aligned with the nozzle 518. Through such an arrangement, water can be sprayed out from the nozzle 518 and hit the impact dispersion cone 506 and then evenly scattered downward, so that it can flow downward from the through hole 510 and come into contact with the air moving upward from the through hole 510, thereby separating the dust in the contacted air from the air.

[0036] One side of the dust reduction box 501 is connected to and penetrated with a sewage outlet 507, and the dust reduction box 501 is provided with an air inlet 508 between the sewage outlet 507 and the bottom partition 503. One side of the dust reduction box 501 is provided with a water supply pipe 509 connected to and penetrated by the water supply ring 504. The sewage outlet 507 can be used to discharge sewage, and the water supply pipe 509 can be used to supply water to the nozzle 518.

[0037] There are at least two partitions 503, which are equidistantly distributed up and down. The through holes 510 of the partitions 503 are staggered. This arrangement can prevent water and air from going straight up and down, thereby increasing the contact time and improving the dust reduction efficiency.

[0038] The water supply ring 504 includes a fixed outer ring 511 and a rotating inner ring 512 rotatably connected to the inner ring of the fixed outer ring 511. The nozzle 518 is connected to and penetrates the rotating inner ring 512. The support frame 505 is fixedly installed above the rotating inner ring 512. This arrangement can ensure that even if some of the nozzles 518 are blocked, the remaining nozzles 518 can also complete the dust reduction work.

[0039] A fixing frame 513 is fixedly installed on the top of the dust reduction box 501, a motor 514 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixing frame 513, a rotating shaft 515 is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor 514, and the blade 502 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 515. The interior of the dust reduction box 501 is fixedly connected to a gearbox 516 through a support rod, the output end of the rotating shaft 515 is connected to the input end of the gearbox 516, and a central shaft 517 is fixedly installed on the output end of the gearbox 516. The central shaft 517 is fixedly connected to all the impact dispersion cones 506, and the central shaft 517 is rotatably connected to the partition 503. Through such an arrangement, a single power output source can be used to drive all parts that need to rotate to rotate at a specified rotation speed.

[0040] The outer side of the air inlet hole 508 is connected to and penetrated by a serpentine tube 6 which bends and changes direction at least three times vertically. The air inlet end of the serpentine tube 6 is connected to and penetrates the air outlet 3. The middle lower bending part of the serpentine tube 6 is connected to and penetrates a temporary storage box 7. By setting the serpentine tube 6, the air induced distance can be increased, so that larger particles can fall under the action of gravity during the movement of dust, thereby reducing the workload of the dust reduction box 501.

[0041] The upper part of the temporary storage box 7 is threadedly connected with a water injection bolt 8, and the lower part of the temporary storage box 7 is threadedly connected with a sewage discharge bolt 9. Injecting some water into the temporary storage box 7 does not affect the circulation of gas. Through such an arrangement, the precipitated particles can be suppressed to prevent them from being lifted up again.

[0042] A sleeve 10 is arranged outside the air inlet 2, and a filter unit 11 is arranged in the middle of the sleeve 10. By setting the filter unit 11, the air entering the crusher 1 can be filtered to avoid the introduction of new dust.

[0043] The side wall of the sleeve 10 is provided with an extension sleeve 12 for accommodating the rotation and swing of the filter unit 11. The filter unit 11 includes a rotating ring 13, and an extension rod 14 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating ring 13. The end of the extension rod 14 away from the rotating ring 13 is rotatably connected to a swing rod 15, and a magnetic sleeve 16 is fixedly installed on the top of the swing rod 15. A filter core 17 is arranged inside the magnetic sleeve 16, and an electromagnetic ring 18 is arranged inside the extension sleeve 12 for driving the magnetic sleeve 16 to rotate along the swing rod 15. The notch cross-section of the extension sleeve 12 is smaller than the cross-section of the filter core 17. Through such an arrangement, the filter unit 11 can be rotated to the outside of the sleeve 10 and the electromagnetic ring 18 is periodically energized to drive the magnetic sleeve 16 to swing and collide with the extension sleeve 12, so that dust on the surface of the filter core 17 can fall off, thereby achieving a cleaning effect.

[0044] When in use, the rotation of the blades 502 can guide the air to enter from the sleeve 10 and be discharged from the air outlet 3 of the crusher 1, thereby driving the dust in the crushing process to enter the dust reduction box 501. The dust reduction box 501 is provided with a nozzle 518. The nozzle 518 sprays water onto the surface of the impact dispersion cone 506 for uniform dispersion, and flows downward from the through hole 510. The air carrying dust flows upward from the bottom through the through hole 510 and passes through the through hole 510, so that the flowing water contacts the air carrying dust. The flowing water can be used to separate the dust in the air from the air, thereby achieving dust reduction for the crusher 1, thereby avoiding the problem of directly reducing the dust on the crushed material and increasing the drying unit, thereby saving energy and reducing dust.

[0045] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0046] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly stone crushing device for silicon-carbon alloy production, comprising a crusher (1), characterized in that: An air inlet (2) is arranged at one end of the crusher (1), an air outlet (3) is arranged at the other end of the crusher (1), and a baffle (4) is arranged at the feed end of the crusher (1) and can rotate to cover the feed inlet of the crusher (1); The air outlet (3) is connected to and penetrates an air-inducing and dust-reducing mechanism (5), an air flow passage from bottom to top is arranged inside the air-inducing and dust-reducing mechanism (5), and a liquid flow passage from top to bottom is arranged inside the air-inducing and dust-reducing mechanism (5), and the air flow passage and the liquid flow passage partially cross and overlap.

2. The environmentally friendly stone-breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production according to claim 1 is characterized by: The air induction and dust reduction mechanism (5) comprises a dust reduction box (501), the top end of the dust reduction box (501) is an air induction section, the bottom end of the dust reduction box (501) is a dust reduction section, the interior of the dust reduction box (501) is provided with blades (502) in the air induction section, the interior of the dust reduction box (501) is provided with a partition (503) with a through hole (510) fixedly installed in the dust reduction section, the partition (503) is provided with a water supply ring (504), the interior of the water supply ring (504) is provided with a nozzle (518), the interior of the dust reduction box (501) is provided with a support frame (505) fixedly installed above the water supply ring (504), the end of the support frame (505) away from the dust reduction box (501) is fixedly provided with an impact dispersion cone (506), the impact dispersion cone (506) is concentric with the partition (503), and the side of the impact dispersion cone (506) is aligned with the nozzle (518).

3. The environmentally friendly stone-breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production according to claim 2 is characterized by: A sewage outlet (507) is connected to and penetrates one side of the dust reduction box (501); an air inlet (508) is provided between the sewage outlet (507) and the bottom partition (503) of the dust reduction box (501); and a water supply pipe (509) connected to and penetrates the water supply ring (504) is provided on one side of the dust reduction box (501).

4. The environmentally friendly stone-breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production according to claim 3 is characterized by: The number of the partitions (503) is at least two, the two partitions (503) are equidistantly distributed up and down, and the through holes (510) of the partitions (503) are staggered.

5. The environmentally friendly stone crushing equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production according to claim 2 is characterized by: The water supply ring (504) comprises a fixed outer ring (511) and a rotating inner ring (512) rotatably connected to the inner ring of the fixed outer ring (511); the spray head (518) is connected to and penetrates the rotating inner ring (512); and the support frame (505) is fixedly installed above the rotating inner ring (512).

6. An environmentally friendly stone-breaking device for silicon-carbon alloy production according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A fixing frame (513) is fixedly mounted on the top of the dust reduction box (501), a motor (514) is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixing frame (513), a rotating shaft (515) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor (514), the blade (502) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (515), a gearbox (516) is fixedly connected to the inside of the dust reduction box (501) via a support rod, the output end of the rotating shaft (515) is connected to the input end of the gearbox (516), a central shaft (517) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the gearbox (516), the central shaft (517) is fixedly connected to all the impact dispersion cones (506), and the central shaft (517) is rotationally connected to the partition (503).

7. The environmentally friendly stone-breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production according to claim 6 is characterized by: The outer side of the air inlet hole (508) is connected to and penetrated by a serpentine tube (6) that is bent and reversed at least three times in the vertical direction; the air inlet end of the serpentine tube (6) is connected to and penetrated by the air outlet (3); the bent portion at the middle lower part of the serpentine tube (6) is connected to and penetrated by a temporary storage box (7); the upper part of the temporary storage box (7) is threadedly connected to a water injection bolt (8); and the lower part of the temporary storage box (7) is threadedly connected to a sewage discharge bolt (9).

8. An environmentally friendly stone-breaking device for silicon-carbon alloy production according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or 7, characterized in that: A sleeve (10) is arranged on the outside of the air inlet (2), and a filter unit (11) is arranged in the middle of the sleeve (10).

9. The environmentally friendly stone-breaking equipment for silicon-carbon alloy production according to claim 8 is characterized by: The side wall of the sleeve (10) is provided with an extension sleeve (12) for accommodating the filter unit (11) to rotate and swing. The filter unit (11) comprises a rotating ring (13). An extension rod (14) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the rotating ring (13). An end of the extension rod (14) away from the rotating ring (13) is rotatably connected to a swing rod (15). A magnetic sleeve (16) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the swing rod (15). A filter core (17) is arranged inside the magnetic sleeve (16). An electromagnetic ring (18) for driving the magnetic sleeve (16) to rotate along the swing rod (15) is arranged inside the extension sleeve (12). The notch cross section of the extension sleeve (12) is smaller than the cross section of the filter core (17).

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