Bulletproof inserting plate forming equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses bulletproof inserting plate forming equipment, and relates to the field of plastic forming, the bulletproof inserting plate forming equipment comprises a machine body, a supporting table and a pressing table are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the machine body, a pressing device is placed between the pressing table and the supporting table, and the pressing device comprises a pressing block fixedly mounted on the pressing table and a plurality of supporting molds; bulletproof flashboard raw materials are placed between the adjacent supporting molds, pressing parts are arranged on the supporting molds, hydraulic bags are placed on the upper sides of the pressing parts, the bottoms of the pressing parts make contact with the upper sides of the bulletproof flashboards, liquid can transmit pressure to all directions under the action of the hydraulic bags, and the directions are always perpendicular to the supporting face. Pressure generated by the hydraulic bag can act on the cut raw materials through the pressing part, the generated pressure is perpendicular to the arc-shaped face of the pressing part and the curved face of the bulletproof inserting plate, it is guaranteed that the magnitude of force acting on the bulletproof inserting plate is uniform, and the thicknesses of the pressed raw materials are the same in the force transmission direction; and uniform stress of raw materials with the same thickness can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of plastic molding, in particular to a bulletproof insert plate molding device. Background Art

[0002] As a main raw material for bulletproof vests or tactical vests, bulletproof plates are mainly made of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium boride, etc. The bulletproof plate is mainly composed of a plate back plate made of aramid or ultra-high molecular weight high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber composite materials, and a bulletproof panel made of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and boron carbide.

[0003] The main production process of the bulletproof insert is: first lay the polyethylene fiber composite material (PE material) according to the design level of the bulletproof insert, and then cut it into small pieces according to the size of the mold. Then lay the cut raw materials on the mold and press them into shape using a hydraulic press. After pressing and forming, use laser to cut into the shape of the insert, the standard cutting angle size is 25*30cm, and the rounded corners are corrected.

[0004] When the cut raw materials are pressed into shape, the pressure of the press directly presses the raw materials downward to form them, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pressure provided by the press is vertically downward. When the bulletproof insert is pressed, the pressure at the lowest point of the arc portion of the bulletproof insert is perpendicular to the tangent direction. Along the direction of the force, the thickness at the lowest point is the thinnest, as shown in Figure 1 As shown by the arrow in the middle. However, the pressure on the mold is still vertically downward, and the vertically downward pressure F will be decomposed into force F1 along the tangent direction and force F2 along the normal direction. In other words, although the pressure F borne by the mold will also act on the bulletproof plug plate, the thickness of the bulletproof plug plate is relatively large along the direction of force F. The larger the curvature of the arc-shaped pressure plate, the greater the thickness. Due to the different pressing thickness in the direction of force transmission, the pressing effect of the bulletproof plug plate is not uniform. That is: the lowest point of the curved surface of the bulletproof plug plate is along the direction of force, the thickness of the raw material is the thinnest, and the pressing effect is the best. In other parts, along the direction of force, the thickness of the raw material is relatively large, which affects the pressing and forming effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a bulletproof insert plate forming device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a bulletproof plug plate forming device, comprising a machine body, a support platform is fixedly installed at the bottom of the machine body, a hydraulic rod is fixedly installed at the upper end of the machine body, a pressing platform is fixedly installed at the output end of the hydraulic rod, a pressing device is placed between the pressing platform and the support platform, the pressing device comprises a pressing block fixedly installed with the pressing platform and a plurality of supporting molds, the plurality of supporting molds are vertically distributed up and down, and the bulletproof plug plate raw materials are placed between adjacent supporting molds, a pressing part is arranged on the supporting mold, a hydraulic bag is placed on the upper side of the pressing part, the bottom of the pressing part contacts the upper side of the bulletproof plug plate, the hydraulic rod provides pressure to the pressing part, and under the action of the hydraulic bag, the hydraulic bag generates pressure perpendicular to the curved surface of the bulletproof plug plate on the pressing part.

[0007] Preferably, a placement groove for placing the hydraulic bag is provided on the upper part of the supporting mold, and a conduction plate is also placed on the upper part of the placement groove, and the conduction plate is located on the upper part of the hydraulic bag; The pressing part is an arc-shaped sheet structure and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement groove, and the bottom of the pressing part is in contact with the bulletproof plug plate; The bottom of the bulletproof insert is placed on a conductive plate located at the lower support mold.

[0008] Preferably, a space is left between two upper and lower adjacent supporting dies, so as to accommodate the pressing movement between the supporting dies during pressing and molding.

[0009] Preferably, the supporting mold is provided with a placement groove which runs through from top to bottom, and a pressing part is placed inside the placement groove, and the pressing part can slide up and down in the placement groove; The pressing part is a rectangular cavity structure with an opening at the top, and the bottom of the pressing part is an arc-shaped structure. The bottom of the pressing part is in contact with the bulletproof plug plate. A hydraulic bag is placed in the cavity of the pressing part, and a conductive plate is placed above the hydraulic bag; the bottom of the bulletproof plug plate is placed on the conductive plate located in the lower pressing part.

[0010] Preferably, a support block is fixedly mounted on the inner cavity side wall of the pressing portion, a slide groove is provided on the outer side of the conductive plate, the slide groove and the support block are mounted together, and the slide groove can slide on the outer side of the support block.

[0011] Preferably, the height of the pressing part is greater than the depth of the placement groove, and a stop bar is fixedly installed at the top outer edge of the pressing part. When the pressing part slides downward, the stop bar limits the pressing part to prevent the pressing part from falling from the placement groove.

[0012] Preferably, the upper and lower adjacent supporting molds are fitted together to provide side protection for the pressing of the pressing part and the bulletproof insert.

[0013] Preferably, a spring is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the pressing platform, and during pressing, the spring contacts the topmost supporting mold.

[0014] Preferably, guide columns are provided between the contact surfaces of adjacent supporting dies.

[0015] Preferably, the hydraulic bladder is a hollow structure of a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and its side wall includes an inner core woven from metal wires, and a rubber layer is pressed onto the outer side of the inner core; the interior of the hydraulic bladder is filled with liquid for transmitting pressure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention is provided with a supporting mold, a pressing part, a hydraulic bag, and a conductive plate. The hydraulic bag is located above the pressing part. When the press machine provides downward pressure, the pressure acts on the conductive plate and is transmitted to the hydraulic bag through the conductive plate. Due to the characteristics of liquid pressure, the liquid will transmit the pressure in all directions, and the direction is always perpendicular to the supporting surface. The pressure generated by the hydraulic bag will act on the cut raw material through the pressing part, and the generated pressure is perpendicular to the arc surface of the pressing part and the curved surface of the bulletproof plug plate, which ensures that the magnitude of the force acting on the bulletproof plug plate is the same. Since the force transmission direction is opposite to the normal line, the thickness of the pressed raw material is the same along the force transmission direction, which can ensure that the raw materials of the same thickness are subjected to uniform force. When the bulletproof plug plate is pressed and formed, the forming effect of the bulletproof pressure plate is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the prior art compression molding of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 3 It is the overall structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic bag and the supporting mold of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 An exploded view of the hydraulic bag and the supporting mold of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a supporting mold and a press table according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 An exploded view of the hydraulic bag and the supporting mold of Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a conductive plate, a pressing part and a hydraulic bag in Example 2 of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the support block and the slide groove of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. machine body; 2. hydraulic rod; 3. column; 4. support platform; 5. pressing device; 6. pressing block; 7. spring; 8. pressing platform; 9. hydraulic bag; 10. supporting mold; 11. conduction plate; 12. guide column; 13. pressing part; 14. support block; 13. pressing part; 15. slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] See also Figure 3-5 The present embodiment provides a bulletproof plate forming device, comprising a machine body 1, a support platform 4 is provided at the bottom of the machine body 1, and columns 3 are fixedly installed between the four corners of the bottom of the machine body 1 and the four corners of the upper end of the support platform 4. A hydraulic rod 2 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the machine body 1, a press platform 8 is fixedly installed at the output end of the hydraulic rod 2, and a pressing device 5 is placed between the press platform 4 and the support platform 4, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0022] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the pressing device 5 includes a pressing block 6 and a plurality of supporting molds 10. The pressing block 6 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the pressing platform 8. The supporting molds 10 are vertically placed on the supporting platform 4. The contact surfaces of two adjacent supporting molds 10 are arc-shaped. The space between adjacent supporting molds 10 is used to place the laid curved bulletproof plate raw materials. A guide column 12 is fixedly mounted on the contact surface of the lower supporting mold 10, and a guide hole matching the guide column 12 is opened on the upper supporting mold 10.

[0023] The upper part of the supporting mold 10 is provided with a placement groove, and the bottom of the placement groove is fixedly installed with a pressing part 13. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the pressing part 13 is an arc-shaped sheet structure. The bottom of the pressing part 13 contacts the curved bulletproof insert plate material, and the bottom of the curved bulletproof insert plate material contacts the conductive plate 11 of the supporting mold 10 located below. Figure 5 The conductive plate 11 of the topmost supporting mold 10 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, while the tops of the conductive plates 11 of the other supporting molds 10 are downwardly concave arc structures, and the curved bulletproof insert plate material is placed in the arc structures.

[0024] A hydraulic bag 9 is also placed in the placement groove, and the hydraulic bag 9 is located above the pressing part 13 and contacts the pressing part 13. A conductive plate 11 is also placed at the top opening of the placement groove, and the conductive plate 11 is located above the hydraulic bag 9, and the bottom of the conductive plate 11 contacts the hydraulic bag 9. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, there is space between adjacent supporting dies 10. When the bullet-proof pressure plate is pressed and formed, the space can satisfy the pressing movement between the supporting dies 10 and provide sufficient forming pressure for the bullet-proof pressure plate.

[0025] In this embodiment, a heating part and a cooling pipe are further provided on the portion of the support mold 10 where no placement groove is provided. The design of the heating part and the cooling pipe is the same as the existing design and will not be described in detail here.

[0026] Four springs 7 are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the press platform 8. The springs 7 are in contact with the upper end of the supporting mold 10 near the edge to provide a downward elastic force to the supporting mold.

[0027] In this embodiment, the hydraulic bladder 9 is designed to be a bladder-like structure similar to a rectangular parallelepiped. Figure 5 As shown. The side wall of the hydraulic bag 9 includes an inner core woven from metal wires. When the metal wires are woven, multiple weaving techniques are adopted. The twill weave mesh composed of warp and weft wires is composed of multiple metal wires, which has sufficient flexibility. A rubber layer is pressed on the outside of the inner core. The interior of the hydraulic bag 9 is filled with liquid, preferably a non-Newtonian fluid. As shown Figure 4 As shown, a closed structure is formed between the conductive plate 11 and the pressing portion 13, and the hydraulic bladder 9 is wrapped in the placement cavity. When the hydraulic bladder 9 is squeezed, the liquid inside the hydraulic bladder 9 is pressurized to press the shell of the hydraulic bladder 9 toward the side wall of the placement cavity, and since the placement cavity is closed by the conductive plate 11 and the pressing portion 13, the hydraulic bladder 9 will not be damaged due to excessive pressure, and the liquid inside the hydraulic bladder 9 will generate outward pressure.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the curved bulletproof insert plate is formed, the press table 8 moves downward under the drive of the hydraulic rod 2, and the press table 8 brings the pressing block 6 into contact with the conductive plate 11 of the top supporting mold 10, and generates downward pressure. The conductive plate 11 moves downward in the placement groove, generating pressure on the hydraulic bag 9. When the hydraulic bag 9 is pressurized, the liquid inside it generates a force perpendicular to the tangent of the arc portion, as shown in FIG. Figure 4As shown by the arrow in the middle. That is to say, through the continuous characteristics of the liquid, the liquid can transmit the pressure it receives in all directions without changing its magnitude, and it is perpendicular to the supporting surface. The pressure generated by the hydraulic bag 9 is perpendicular to the arc surface of the pressing part 13, and directly acts on the curved bulletproof plugboard a, providing a force perpendicular to the tangent direction of the curved surface of the curved bulletproof plugboard a to the curved bulletproof plugboard a. Through the continuous characteristics of the liquid, the pressure on the curved surface of the curved bulletproof plugboard a is the same, the force pressure generated for bulletproofing is more uniform, and the force generated is in the same direction as the normal of the curved surface, so that the pressure can be fully applied to the curved bulletproof plugboard. That is, the pressure of the hydraulic rod 2 can be fully applied to the curved bulletproof plugboard, and there will be no loss of force. Moreover, since the force is perpendicular to the curved surface of the curved bulletproof plugboard, compared with the existing simple downward pressure, the pressure provided to the curved surface of the curved bulletproof plugboard in this embodiment is the same, and the pressing effect on the curved surface of the curved bulletproof plugboard is better.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the pressing part 13 is independently provided with the supporting mold 10. That is, the supporting mold 10 is provided with a placement groove which runs through from top to bottom, and the pressing part 13 is placed in the placement groove, and the pressing part 13 can slide up and down in the placement groove.

[0031] The specific design of the pressing part 13 is as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the pressing part 13 is a rectangular cavity structure with an opening at the top, and the bottom of the pressing part 13 is an arc-shaped structure. A hydraulic bag 9 is placed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the pressing part 13, and a conductive plate 1 is placed in the cavity above the hydraulic bag 9. The conductive plate 11 can slide in the cavity; in this embodiment, the arc-shaped structure contacts the upper side of the curved bulletproof plug plate a, and the curved bulletproof plug plate a is placed on the conductive plate 11 of the supporting mold 10 located at the bottom. When the curved bulletproof plug plate a is pressed, the pressure of the hydraulic rod 2 will be directly transmitted to the conductive plate 11, and the conductive plate 11 will transmit the pressure downward layer by layer, thereby providing pressure to the curved bulletproof plug plate a.

[0032] In this embodiment, Figure 6-Figure 8 As shown, the height of the pressing part 13 is greater than the depth of the placement groove. A stop bar is fixedly installed at the outer edge of the rectangular parallelepiped of the pressing part 13. When the pressing part 13 slides down to the bottom in the placement groove, the stop bar is in contact with the top edge of the placement groove, limiting the pressing part 13 to prevent the pressing part 13 from falling from the placement groove. In particular, when placing the curved bulletproof insert layer by layer, it is necessary to lift the support mold 10 upward. By setting the stop bar, when lifting the support mold 10, under the action of the stop bar, the support mold 10 can move upward with the pressing part 13, thereby facilitating the placement of the curved bulletproof insert raw material.

[0033] Since the pressing part 13 can slide independently on the supporting mold 10, no space needs to be reserved between adjacent supporting molds 10. The supporting molds 10 arranged up and down can be stacked together. Figure 6 A pressing cavity is formed between the upper and lower supporting molds 10, and the side wall of the supporting mold 10 provides a pressing space for pressing the curved bulletproof plug plate. When pressing the curved bulletproof plug plate a, the pressing part 13 can move up and down in the pressing cavity, so that the curved bulletproof plug plate a is pressed and formed, providing protection for the pressing of the curved bulletproof plug plate a.

[0034] In this embodiment, the pressing part 13 is an independent part. When the curved bulletproof insert plate is pressed and formed, the pressing part 13 can move freely up and down in the placement groove. The arc surface of the pressing part will be slightly deformed according to the curved surface of the curved bulletproof insert plate, which can better realize the transmission of force.

[0035] In this embodiment, Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the conducting plate 11 is also designed to be able to slide up and down inside the pressing part 13. In order to prevent the conducting plate 11 from falling off from the pressing part 13, a support block 14 is fixedly installed on the inner cavity side wall of the pressing part 13. A slide groove 15 is provided on the side of the conducting plate 11 that contacts the pressing part 13. The slide groove 15 is installed together with the support block 14, and the slide groove 15 can slide outside the support block 14. The slide groove 15 and the support block 14 limit the conducting plate 11, which can prevent the conducting plate 11 from falling off from the upward moving pressing part 13.

[0036] In the above two embodiments, since the pressing part 13 can slide in the placement groove, when the curved bulletproof plug plate is pressed and formed, after the pressure generated by the hydraulic rod 2 on the conductive plate 11 acts on the hydraulic bag 9, the hydraulic bag 9 will transfer the pressure to the bottom of the pressing part 13, and the direction of the pressure is perpendicular to the tangent of the arc surface at the bottom of the pressing part. That is, the force on the bottom of the pressing part 13 is along the normal direction of the arc surface. Since the arc surface contacts and squeezes the curved bulletproof plug plate, the force is also directly along the normal direction of the curved bulletproof plug plate.

[0037] When the force is transmitted along the normal direction of the curved bulletproof plate, Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , along the direction of force transmission, the thickness of the curved bulletproof insert is always the thinnest, and the force in the normal direction can fully act on the curved surface of the curved bulletproof insert, which is much thinner than the existing vertical downward pressing molding method (such as FIG. Figure 1As shown in the figure, along the direction of arrow F, the thickness of the pressed material is greater than the thickness of the material along the normal direction of the curved surface). In the direction of force, the thickness of the material compressed by the force is reduced, and the pressing and forming effect of the curved bulletproof plug plate is better. In addition, since the direction of the force is along the normal direction of the curved surface, the thickness of the curved bulletproof plug plate in the normal direction is the same, and the force transmitted downward by the hydraulic bag 9 along the normal direction of the curved surface is the same, and the thickness of the force is the same, so the curved bulletproof plug plate is subjected to more uniform force during pressing and forming.

[0038] When forming the curved bulletproof insert plate a, the PE cloth is laid and cut into the size of the support mold 10, and then the cut raw materials are placed layer by layer between the two support molds 10. It is necessary to ensure that the support molds 10 must be completely aligned. After all the raw materials are placed, the hydraulic rod 2 can be started to work, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 2 extends, and the press table 8 moves downward to press the PE raw materials on the support mold 10 into shape.

[0039] In a further embodiment, the pressing part 13 may be omitted and the hydraulic bag 9 may serve as the pressing part. That is, the bottom surface of the hydraulic bag 9 is in direct contact with the upper end surface of the curved bulletproof plug plate, and the pressure generated by the hydraulic bag 9 can act directly on the curved bulletproof plug plate, eliminating the pressing part 13 as a transmission part. Since the hydraulic bag 9 is in direct contact with the curved bulletproof plug plate, the pressure generated by the hydraulic bag 9 is definitely perpendicular to the tangent direction of the curved bulletproof plug plate, and the pressing and forming of the curved bulletproof plug plate can also be achieved. It should be noted that when placing the cut PE raw materials, it is necessary to ensure that the raw materials are spread out neatly and there are no raised or wrinkled parts in the raw materials.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bulletproof plate forming device, comprising a body (1), a support platform (4) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the body (1), a hydraulic rod (2) fixedly mounted on the upper end of the body (1), and a pressing platform (8) fixedly mounted on the output end of the hydraulic rod (2), characterized in that: A pressing device (5) is placed between the pressing platform (8) and the supporting platform (4), the pressing device (5) comprising a pressing block (6) fixedly mounted on the pressing platform (8) and a plurality of supporting dies (10), the plurality of supporting dies (10) being vertically distributed up and down, and a space between adjacent supporting dies (10) being used to place bulletproof insert plate raw materials, a pressing portion (13) being provided on the supporting dies (10), a hydraulic bag (9) being placed on the upper side of the pressing portion (13), the bottom of the pressing portion (13) being in contact with the upper side of the bulletproof insert plate, the hydraulic rod (2) providing pressure to the pressing portion (13), and under the action of the hydraulic bag (9), the hydraulic bag (9) generating pressure on the pressing portion (13) perpendicular to the curved surface of the bulletproof insert plate.

2. The bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the supporting mold (10) is provided with a placement groove for placing the hydraulic bag (9), and a conduction plate (11) is also placed on the upper part of the placement groove, and the conduction plate (11) is located on the upper part of the hydraulic bag (9); The pressing part (13) is an arc-shaped sheet structure and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement groove, and the bottom of the pressing part (13) is in contact with the bulletproof plug plate; The bottom of the bulletproof insert plate is placed on a conductive plate (11) located on the lower supporting mold (10).

3. The bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A space is left between two upper and lower adjacent support dies (10), which can accommodate the pressing movement between the support dies (10) during the pressing and molding process.

4. The bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting mold (10) is provided with a placement groove which runs through the upper and lower parts, and a pressing part (13) is placed inside the placement groove, and the pressing part (13) can slide up and down in the placement groove; The pressing part (13) is a rectangular cavity structure with an opening at the top, the bottom of the pressing part (13) is an arc-shaped structure, the bottom of the pressing part (13) is in contact with the bulletproof plug plate, a hydraulic bag (9) is placed in the cavity of the pressing part (13), and a conductive plate (11) is placed above the hydraulic bag (9); the bottom of the bulletproof plug plate is placed on the conductive plate (11) located at the lower pressing part (13).

5. The bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support block (14) is fixedly mounted on the inner cavity side wall of the pressing portion (13); a slide groove (15) is provided on the outer side of the conducting plate (11); the slide groove (15) and the support block (14) are mounted together, and the slide groove (15) can slide on the outer side of the support block (14).

6. The bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the pressing part (13) is greater than the depth of the placement groove, and a stop bar is fixedly installed at the top outer edge of the pressing part (13); when the pressing part (13) slides downward, the stop bar limits the pressing part (13) to prevent the pressing part (13) from falling from the placement groove.

7. The bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper and lower adjacent support molds (10) are fitted together to provide side protection for the pressing of the pressing portion (13) and the bulletproof insert plate.

8. The bulletproof plate forming equipment according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: A spring (7) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the pressing platform (8), and during pressing, the spring (7) contacts the topmost supporting mold (10).

9. A bulletproof plate forming device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A guide column (12) is provided between contact surfaces of adjacent supporting dies (10).

10. The bulletproof plate forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic bag (9) is a hollow structure of a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the side wall of which comprises an inner core woven from metal wires, and a rubber layer is laminated on the outer side of the inner core; the interior of the hydraulic bag (9) is filled with liquid for transmitting pressure.

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