High flash point alkyd protective coating and method of making same

Abstract

The application discloses a high-flash-point alkyd protective paint and a preparation method thereof. The paint is a single-component product and specifically comprises high-flash-point alkyd resin, mixed alkane / aromatic hydrocarbon solvent oil, pigment, filler, bentonite, dispersant, drier, anti-skinning agent and the like. The paint has the advantages of high flash point (67-70 DEG C), fast drying, anti-yellowing, impact resistance, salt water resistance, excellent adhesion, high solid content, low VOC content and the like, and can be stored and transported as common goods.

Description

A high flash point alkyd protective coating and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of alkyd coating technology, specifically to a high flash point alkyd protective coating and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Alkyd resin coatings are a type of industrial protective coating that uses vegetable oils as the main raw material. Due to their many advantages, such as low material cost, recyclability, convenient construction, and good comprehensive protective performance, they have become one of the highest-volume coating categories (accounting for about 20% of the total coating production) and are widely used for the decoration and protection of building steel structures, engineering vehicles, machinery and equipment, inland waterway vessels, and wood products.

[0003] Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable gas formed by the mixture of vapor and air from the surface of a volatile liquid can ignite upon contact with an ignition source. Flash point is a crucial indicator of a substance's safety during storage, transportation, and use. According to GB 6944 "Classification and Numbering of Dangerous Goods" and JT / T 617 "Rules for Road Transport of Dangerous Goods," liquid substances, liquid mixtures, or liquid substances containing solids with a closed-cup flash point ≤60℃ are collectively referred to as flammable liquids. Traditional solvent-based alkyd resin coatings, due to the extensive use of low-flash-point materials, have closed-cup flash points ranging from 27 to 40℃, classifying them as flammable liquid chemicals. For flammable liquid chemicals, transportation must be strictly carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, such as specific dangerous goods transportation routes, qualification requirements for transportation personnel (drivers and escorts), vehicle requirements, supervision requirements, and review of emergency response plans. In addition, the storage environment must be a specially designed, sturdy, fireproof, and explosion-proof building, equipped with precise temperature and humidity control, leakage prevention and seepage prevention, and comprehensive and real-time monitoring systems.

[0004] With the increasing emphasis on safety management in the chemical industry, the flammability of traditional low flash point (27-40℃) solvent-based alkyd resin coatings has become increasingly prominent. Improving the flash point of coatings to enhance their safety is a crucial direction for the development of solvent-based alkyd resin coatings. Currently, several "high flash point" solvent-based alkyd coatings have been launched on the market, but due to traditional technical limitations, these products have significant drawbacks. The main problems include: (1) slow solvent evaporation, resulting in significantly prolonged surface and hard drying times; (2) improper selection of resin iodine value, leading to poor yellowing resistance of the coating; (3) introduction of emulsified water to adjust the flash point, resulting in high hydrophilicity and poor salt water resistance of the coating; and (4) falsely labeled flash point, with actual flash points failing to meet standards (40-60℃).

[0005] In summary, this invention aims to provide a fast-drying, high-performance, high-flash-point alkyd protective coating solution, overcoming the technical defects of current commercially available products, increasing the market penetration rate of safe coatings, and achieving a win-win situation for social and economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solvent-based alkyd protective coating with high flash point (67-70℃), high solids content, fast drying, good resistance to yellowing, impact resistance, salt water resistance, excellent adhesion, and low VOC content, as well as its preparation method.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high flash point alkyd protective coating, comprising the following components:

[0009]

[0010] Furthermore, the coating is composed of the following components:

[0011]

[0012] In the technical solution of this invention, the high flash point alkyd resin is composed of the following components:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] Furthermore, the high flash point alkyd resin is composed of the following components:

[0016]

[0017] In the preparation method of high flash point alkyd resin: the mixed fatty acids are soybean oil fatty acids, sunflower oil fatty acids and tung oil fatty acids in a mass ratio of 1-5:0.1-3:0.1-3;

[0018] Preferred ratio: The mass ratio of soybean oil fatty acids: sunflower oil fatty acids: tung oil fatty acids is 1-2.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.2-1.0;

[0019] The mixed polyol is a mixture of glycerol, pentaerythritol, and ethylene glycol, and the mass ratio of glycerol:pentaerythritol:ethylene glycol is 30-60:10-40:5-20; preferably, the mass ratio of glycerol:pentaerythritol:ethylene glycol is 40-55:10-25:5-15.

[0020] The mixed dicarboxylic acid is a mixture of phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid; wherein the mass ratio of phthalic anhydride to isophthalic acid is 1:0.1 to 1; preferably, the mass ratio of phthalic anhydride to isophthalic acid is 1:0.1 to 0.5.

[0021] The petroleum resin is ES-120S C9 petroleum resin from Qingdao Yisen New Material Co., Ltd.

[0022] The high flash point solvent is obtained by mixing D60 mixed alkane solvent oil from Shandong Chuangli New Materials Co., Ltd. with P-1500 aromatic solvent oil from Pengchen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-1.5.

[0023] The high flash point alkyd resin of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:

[0024] S1: Under nitrogen protection, fatty acid I, E51 epoxy resin, and part of xylene are added to the reactor, stirred evenly, heated to 220-240℃, and stirred for 2-4 hours.

[0025] S2: Cool down to 50-70℃, add fatty acid II and mixed polyol, stir evenly, add mixed dicarboxylic acid, benzoic acid and the remaining xylene in sequence, heat up to 180-220℃, dehydrate and esterify until the acid value of the material is ≤8mg KOH / g and the viscosity of the Grignard tube is ≥18s.

[0026] S3: Remove xylene by distillation, then cool to 100-120℃, add petroleum resin, and stir until the petroleum resin is completely dissolved; cool, add high flash point solvent, stir evenly, filter, and the high flash point alkyd resin is obtained.

[0027] Wherein: fatty acid I is a mixture of soybean oil fatty acids and sunflower oil fatty acids; fatty acid II is tung oil fatty acids.

[0028] The raw materials for the high flash point alkyd protective coating are limited as follows.

[0029] The high flash point solvent is obtained by mixing D60 mixed alkane solvent oil from Shandong Chuangli New Materials Co., Ltd. with P-1500 aromatic solvent oil from Pengchen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. in a mass ratio of 40-55:20-35.

[0030] The pigment is one or more of the following: rutile titanium dioxide, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, pigment red 170, pigment yellow 83, carbon black, and iron oxide red.

[0031] The filler is one or more of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talc, and feldspar powder;

[0032] The bentonite is one or two of Zhejiang Fenghong BS-1C bentonite and BYK AF bentonite.

[0033] The dispersant is one or more of Shanghai Shenzhu Chemical SN-2041A, BASF Efka additive AFCONA S527, and DIG Dispers 630;

[0034] The drying agent is one or more of the following: Shanghai Changfeng Chemical LC-804 drying agent, Shanghai Changfeng Chemical 828-1 cobalt-lead-calcium mixed drying agent, and Shanghai Shenzhu Chemical SN-9318 organotin drying agent.

[0035] The anti-skinning agent is one or both of Shandong Laiwu 841 anti-skinning agent and methyl ethyl ketone oxime anti-skinning agent.

[0036] The method for preparing the high flash point alkyd protective coating of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0037] S1: Add 60-80% of the high flash point alkyd resin, 30-50% of the high flash point solvent, and dispersant to the paint mixing tank and stir until homogeneous. Add bentonite, filler, and pigment in sequence, and disperse at high speed until there are no lumps or agglomerates. Transfer the slurry to a sand mill and grind it to a fineness of less than 30μm.

[0038] S2: Add the remaining high flash point alkyd resin to the above slurry, mix evenly, add drier and anti-skinning agent, stir evenly at high speed, add the remaining high flash point solvent to adjust the coating viscosity, filter and package to obtain high flash point alkyd protective coating.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0040] The technical solution disclosed in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) The closed-cup flash point of the coating is ≥67℃, and it is not a flammable liquid or explosive, so it can be stored and transported as ordinary goods. This is because the technical solution of the present invention selects a mixed alkane solvent oil with a boiling range of 205~245℃ and an aromatic solvent oil with a boiling range of 178~215℃ as the dispersion medium of the coating, which ensures that the flash point meets the standard while also providing good resin solubility and drying properties.

[0042] (2) Compared with similar high flash point coatings on the market, the technical solution disclosed in this invention has a faster surface drying and hard drying rate, and its construction efficiency is comparable to that of traditional low flash point alkyd coatings. The key technical points of this invention to achieve fast drying characteristics are: a) a coating film-forming system composed of high molecular weight alkyd resin and high-solubility aromatic solvent oil; b) drying oil modification of the resin; c) epoxy modification of the resin; d) petroleum resin modification; e) blending of high-boiling-range mixed alkane solvent oils; f) composite drying agent scheme; g) high-quality solid content coating formulation.

[0043] (3) Excellent resistance to yellowing and corrosion resistance. Regarding resistance to yellowing, this is due to the selection of sunflower oil fatty acids with high linoleic acid content, and the separation of the epoxy modification process from the drying oil modification process, thus avoiding yellowing of the drying oil under high-temperature conditions. Regarding corrosion resistance, this is mainly achieved through the following technologies: a) A special polyol (glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol) combination scheme, which reduces the risk of gelation in the resin stage and imparts excellent mechanical strength and solvent resistance to the alkyd coating; b) A combination of diacids and epoxy resin modification, which improves the coating's hydrolysis resistance and provides better substrate adhesion and chemical resistance; c) A reasonable combination of surface and internal drying agents, ensuring full curing of the coating in fast-drying applications.

[0044] (4) Lower VOC emissions (≤390g / L). This is mainly due to the high-quality, low-viscosity coating formulation. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto:

[0046] The raw materials in high flash point alkyd protective coatings are as follows:

[0047] The petroleum resin mentioned is ES-120S C9 petroleum resin from Qingdao Esen New Materials Co., Ltd., with a softening point temperature of 115–125℃; the purchase source includes, but is not limited to: https: / / www.esunresin.com / h-pd-106.html

[0048] The high flash point solvent is obtained by mixing Shandong Chuangli New Materials' D60 mixed alkane solvent oil (boiling range 205-245℃) (purchase website including but not limited to http: / / www.chuanglixincailiao.com / dom / ProSearch.php?s_m_str_id=D3wEBI&keyWord=D60&username=chuangli6321) and Pengchen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.'s P-1500 aromatic solvent oil (boiling range 178-215℃) (purchase website including but not limited to http: / / www.pengchenchem.com / products_detail / id / 1.html) in a mass ratio of 15-40:10-20.

[0049] The pigment is one or more of the following: rutile titanium dioxide, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, pigment red 170, pigment yellow 83, carbon black, and iron oxide red.

[0050] The filler is one or more of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talc, and feldspar powder;

[0051] The bentonite is one or two of Zhejiang Fenghong BS-1C bentonite and BYK AF bentonite.

[0052] The dispersant is one or more of Shanghai Shenzhu Chemical SN 2041A, BASF Efka additive AFCONAS527, and DIG Dispers 630;

[0053] The drying agent is one or more of the following: Shanghai Changfeng Chemical LC-804 drying agent, Shanghai Changfeng Chemical 828-1 cobalt-lead-calcium mixed drying agent, and Shanghai Shenzhu Chemical SN-9318 organotin drying agent.

[0054] The anti-skinning agent is one or both of Shandong Laiwu 841 anti-skinning agent and methyl ethyl ketone oxime anti-skinning agent.

[0055] The preparation steps of the alkyd protective coatings in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are as follows:

[0056] (1) Preparation of high flash point alkyd resin:

[0057] Under nitrogen protection, soybean oil fatty acids, sunflower oil fatty acids, E51 epoxy resin, and a portion of xylene were weighed according to the formula in Table 1 and added to a reaction vessel, then stirred until homogeneous. The temperature was raised to 230℃ and stirred for 3 hours. The temperature was lowered to 60℃, and tung oil fatty acids, glycerol, pentaerythritol, and ethylene glycol were added, and stirred until homogeneous. Phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, benzoic acid, and the remaining xylene were added sequentially, and the temperature was raised to 200℃ for dehydration and esterification until the acid value of the material was ≤8 mg KOH / g and the viscosity of the Grignard tube was ≥18s. Xylene was removed by distillation, and then the temperature was lowered to 110℃. C9 petroleum resin was added and stirred until the C9 petroleum resin was completely dissolved. After cooling, mixed alkane solvent oil and aromatic solvent oil were added and stirred until homogeneous. After filtration, high flash point alkyd resin was obtained.

[0058] Table 1. Material addition amount (g) of high flash point alkyd resin in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0059]

[0060] (2) Preparation of high flash point alkyd protective coating (iron oxide red):

[0061] According to the formula in Table 2, a portion of the high flash point alkyd resin, a portion of the mixed alkane solvent oil (D60 mixed alkane solvent oil from Shandong Chuangli New Materials), the aromatic solvent oil (P-1500 aromatic solvent oil from Pengchen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.), and SN-2041A dispersant were added to the paint mixing tank and stirred evenly. AF bentonite, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and iron oxide red were added sequentially and dispersed at high speed until no lumps or agglomerates were present. The slurry was transferred to a sand mill and ground until the fineness was less than 30 μm. The remaining high flash point alkyd resin was added to the above slurry and mixed evenly. 828-1 cobalt-lead-calcium mixed drier, LC-804 drier, and 841 anti-skinning agent were added and stirred at high speed until evenly mixed. The remaining mixed alkane solvent oil (boiling range 205–245℃) and aromatic solvent oil (boiling range 178–215℃) were added to adjust the coating viscosity. The mixture was filtered and packaged to obtain the high flash point alkyd protective coating.

[0062] Table 2. Material addition amounts (g) of high flash point alkyd protective coatings (iron oxide red) in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Comparative Example 4

[0066] Other conditions were the same as in Example 4, except that the high flash point alkyd resin prepared in Comparative Example 1 was used.

[0067] Comparative Example 5

[0068] Other conditions were the same as in Example 4, except that the high flash point alkyd resin prepared in Comparative Example 2 was used.

[0069] Comparative Example 6

[0070] Other conditions were the same as in Example 4, except that the high flash point alkyd resin prepared in Comparative Example 3 was used.

[0071] (3) Coating performance testing:

[0072] Samples were taken for testing of the coating's appearance, fineness, flow time, flash point (closed cup), and storage stability. According to the requirements of GB / T25251-2010 "Alkyd Resin Coatings" standard, air spraying was used to prepare coating samples. After curing, mechanical properties, adhesion, corrosion resistance, and resistance to artificial weathering were tested. The test results are listed below (Table 3):

[0073] Table 3. Main technical indicators of high flash point alkyd protective coatings (iron oxide red) in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Test results show that the alkyd protective coatings prepared in Examples 4-6, through specific combinations of fatty acids / polyols / diacids, epoxy resin modification, high flash point mixed solvent oil combinations, and driers, have high flash points (67-70℃) and can be stored and transported as ordinary goods, saving costs in the coating distribution process and improving product safety. Furthermore, this technical solution also has many advantages, including fast drying (surface dry in 1 hour, fully dry in 16 hours), impact resistance (50cm), salt water resistance (no abnormalities after 168 hours), excellent adhesion (cross-cut adhesion grade 0, pull-out adhesion 4.7-4.9MPa), gloss (86-89, 60°), high solids content (≥75%), low VOC content (≤390g / L), and good resistance to yellowing (artificial weathering resistance for 200 hours, discoloration grade 1, gloss loss grade 2).

[0077] Because the type and ratio of materials are closely related to the coating performance, arbitrarily changing the type of materials or adjusting the amount of materials may lead to a decrease in the quality of the coating.

[0078] For example, compared with Example 4, Comparative Example 4 only contained soybean oil fatty acid I and did not contain sunflower oil fatty acid. The other materials were the same as in Example 4, but the results were quite different. The test results showed that although the coating of Comparative Example 4 dried faster after the material change (surface dry 0.7h, hard dry 14h), its mechanical properties (cross-cut test grade 3, bending test 3mm, impact test 20cm), pull-out adhesion (2.4MPa), salt water resistance (blistering and rusting after 48h), and artificial weathering resistance (200h, discoloration grade 3, gloss loss grade 3) were significantly reduced.

[0079] Compared to Example 5, Comparative Example 5 used only mixed alkane solvent oil as the solvent, while all other materials were the same as in Example 4. However, the results showed that the choice of solvent not only affected the flash point (61°C) and drying properties (surface dry 0.9h, actual dry 15.5h), but also had a certain impact on its mechanical properties (cross-cut test grade 2, bending test 2mm), pull-out adhesion (4.2MPa), VOC content (420g / L), and gloss (79, 60°). This may be because the different solubilizing power of a single solvent on the resin leads to changes in its various properties.

[0080] Compared with Example 6, Comparative Example 6 contained only glycerol as the polyol, while all other materials were the same as in Example 6. However, the results were also significantly different. Test results showed that the drying properties (surface dry 1.2h, fully dry 17h), mechanical properties (cross-cut test grade 2, bending test 2mm, impact test 30cm), pendulum hardness (2.1, 7d), pull-out adhesion (2.9MPa), salt water resistance (bubbling after 48h), and artificial weathering resistance (200h, discoloration grade 2, gloss loss grade 3) were all significantly reduced.

[0081] In summary, this demonstrates that the selection of the types and amounts of materials such as fatty acids, polyols, and solvents is crucial for the preparation of alkyd resins. The present invention is the result of tireless efforts and extensive experimental verification to achieve satisfactory results.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and are research results obtained through complex theoretical reasoning and extensive experiments in the laboratory. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the foregoing embodiments have described the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high flash point alkyd protective coating, characterized in that... The coating is composed of the following components: 400-600 parts high flash point alkyd resin, 40-100 parts high flash point solvent, 30-100 parts pigment, 200-500 parts filler, 1-10 parts bentonite, 1-10 parts dispersant, 1-10 parts drier, 1-10 parts anti-skinning agent; the high flash point alkyd resin is composed of the following components: 150-400 parts mixed fatty acids, 30-150 parts E51 epoxy resin, 20-100 parts mixed polyols, 110-130 parts mixed diacids, 1-12 parts benzoic acid, 30-50 parts xylene, 200-300 parts high flash point solvent, and 50-60 parts petroleum resin; the mixed fatty acids are in a mass ratio of 1-5: 0.1-3: The mixture contains 0.1-3% soybean oil fatty acids, sunflower oil fatty acids, and tung oil fatty acids; the mixed polyol is a mixture of glycerol, pentaerythritol, and ethylene glycol, with a mass ratio of glycerol:pentaerythritol:ethylene glycol of 30-60:10-40:5-20; the mixed dicarboxylic acid is a mixture of phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid, with a mass ratio of phthalic anhydride:isophthalic acid of 1:0.1-1; the petroleum resin is ES-120S C9 petroleum resin from Qingdao Yisen New Materials Co., Ltd.; and the high flash point solvent is obtained by mixing D60 mixed alkane solvent oil from Shandong Chuangli New Materials Co., Ltd. with P-1500 aromatic solvent oil from Pengchen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-1.

5.

2. The high flash point alkyd protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that... The coating is composed of the following components: 500-550 parts of high flash point alkyd resin, 70-80 parts of high flash point solvent, 60-70 parts of pigment, 280-320 parts of filler, 1-5 parts of bentonite, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 1-8 parts of drier, and 1-5 parts of anti-skinning agent.

3. The high flash point alkyd protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that... The high flash point alkyd resin is composed of the following components: 300-400 parts of mixed fatty acids, 40-70 parts of E51 epoxy resin, 60-90 parts of mixed polyols, 110-130 parts of mixed dicarboxylic acids, 4-8 parts of benzoic acid, 30-50 parts of xylene, 200-300 parts of high flash point solvent, and 50-60 parts of petroleum resin.

4. The high flash point alkyd protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of soybean oil fatty acids: sunflower oil fatty acids: tung oil fatty acids is 1~2.5 : 0.5~1.5 : 0.2~1.0; The mass ratio of glycerol: pentaerythritol: ethylene glycol is 40~55 : 10~25 : 5~15; the mass ratio of phthalic anhydride: isophthalic acid is 1 : 0.1~0.

5.

5. The high flash point alkyd protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that... The high flash point alkyd resin is prepared by the following steps: S1: Under nitrogen protection, fatty acid I, E51 epoxy resin, and a portion of xylene are added to a reaction vessel, stirred evenly, and heated to 220~240 ℃, and stirred for 2~4 h; S2: The temperature is lowered to 50~70 ℃, fatty acid II and mixed polyol are added, stirred evenly, mixed diacid, benzoic acid and the remaining xylene are added sequentially, and the temperature is raised to 180~220 ℃ for dehydration and esterification until the acid value of the material is ≤8 mg KOH / g and the viscosity of the Geiger tube is ≥18 s; S3: Xylene is removed by distillation, and then the temperature is lowered to 100~120 ℃, petroleum resin is added, and stirred until the petroleum resin is completely dissolved; cooled, a high flash point solvent is added and stirred evenly, and filtered to obtain the high flash point alkyd resin; wherein: fatty acid I is a mixture of soybean oil fatty acid and sunflower oil fatty acid; fatty acid II is tung oil fatty acid.

6. The high flash point alkyd protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high flash point solvent is obtained by mixing D60 mixed alkane solvent oil from Shandong Chuangli New Materials Co., Ltd. with P-1500 aromatic solvent oil from Pengchen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. in a mass ratio of 40~55: 20~35; the pigment is one or more of rutile titanium dioxide, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, pigment red 170, pigment yellow 83, carbon black, and iron oxide red; the filler is one or more of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talc powder, and feldspar powder; the bentonite is one or two of Zhejiang Fenghong BS-1C bentonite and BYK AF bentonite; the dispersant is Shanghai Shenzhu Chemical SN-2041A and BASF Efka additive AFCONA. S527, Dispers 630 or more; the drying agent is one or more of Shanghai Changfeng Chemical LC-804 drying agent, Shanghai Changfeng Chemical 828-1 cobalt-lead-calcium mixed drying agent, and Shanghai Shenzhu Chemical SN-9318 organotin drying agent; the anti-skinning agent is one or two of Shandong Laiwu 841 anti-skinning agent and methyl ethyl ketone oxime anti-skinning agent.

7. A method for preparing a high flash point alkyd protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1: Add 60-80% of the high flash point alkyd resin, 30-50% of the high flash point solvent, and dispersant to a paint mixing tank and stir evenly; add bentonite, filler, and pigment in sequence, and disperse at high speed until there are no lumps or agglomerates; transfer the slurry to a sand mill and grind it until the fineness is less than 30 μm; S2: Add the remaining high flash point alkyd resin to the above slurry, mix evenly, add a drier and an anti-skinning agent, stir evenly at high speed, add the remaining high flash point solvent to adjust the viscosity of the coating, filter, and package to obtain a high flash point alkyd protective coating.

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