A self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels and a method for its preparation

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of super-hydrophobic coating, and particularly relates to a self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar cell panel and a preparation method thereof. The self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar cell panel provided by the present application is mainly composed of polydimethylsiloxane, modified molybdenum disulfide and curing agent. The self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar cell panel prepared by the present application has super-hydrophobic characteristics, and the contact angle can reach CA=161°, has very low surface energy, and exhibits excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling effects. Meanwhile, the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating still has super-hydrophobic characteristics after sandpaper abrasion, and has excellent mechanical durability; the corrosion resistance test shows that the coating also has excellent corrosion resistance, and provides an ideal self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for eliminating surface dust and dirt of solar cell panel and other photovoltaic devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of superhydrophobic coating technology, specifically relating to a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In in-depth research on photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, improving power generation efficiency and extending service life are considered core objectives. Besides intrinsic factors such as the selection of panel materials, optimized arrangement orientation, and tilt angle design, the deposition of microparticles like dust and other fine particles, commonly found in the natural environment, on the surface of PV panels constitutes an external factor that cannot be ignored in affecting light-to-electricity conversion efficiency. For long-term operating PV systems, the impact of this microparticle deposition phenomenon on system performance is becoming increasingly prominent, making it a crucial problem that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0003] Currently, new solutions are constantly emerging in the field of dust removal technology for photovoltaic power generation systems. The main dust removal technologies encompass various methods, including manual cleaning, robotic cleaning, laser dust removal, electrostatic precipitators, and acoustic dust removal. Among these technologies, manual cleaning dominates in photovoltaic power plants due to its wide applicability. However, this cleaning method suffers from low cleaning efficiency and high cost. Cleaning robot technology has issues with operational stability. Cutting-edge technologies such as laser dust removal, electrostatic precipitators, and acoustic dust removal are still in the laboratory research and development stage, and are some distance from widespread practical application. Therefore, researching how to effectively reduce or eliminate the impact of external factors such as dust and dirt on the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels is of paramount importance for improving the power generation efficiency and lifespan of photovoltaic power generation systems.

[0004] Patent document CN105694715A discloses a method for preparing a SiO2 / PDMS composite transparent superhydrophobic coating. The method involves dissolving polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a curing agent, and a catalyst in a solvent in a specific ratio; dispersing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles in the solvent; then spin-coating a PDMS solution onto a substrate surface to obtain a base film, and spin-coating a silica dispersion onto the base film surface to obtain a surface film. The samples coated with the base film and surface film are cured at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the final SiO2 / PDMS composite transparent superhydrophobic coating. This coating can be used as a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for windshields or solar panels. However, this SiO2 / PDMS composite transparent superhydrophobic coating has low corrosion resistance to solar panels caused by external factors such as acid rain, chloride ions, and ultraviolet radiation.

[0005] Patent document CN114350261A discloses a durable, multifunctional biomimetic superhydrophobic coating and its preparation method. The coating mainly consists of epoxy-modified silicone resin, modified silica nanoparticles, modified graphene oxide, modified mica, a curing agent, and an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is toluene or ethyl acetate. The resulting durable, multifunctional biomimetic superhydrophobic coating exhibits excellent superhydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, as well as mechanical durability, resistance to high and low temperatures, pH and UV stability, self-cleaning properties, and repairability. It is suitable for various substrate materials and is suitable for large-scale production and industrial applications. However, the epoxy-modified silicone resin and the organic solvent have certain toxicity, posing a significant environmental impact. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing solar panel coatings, such as significant environmental impact and low corrosion resistance, this invention proposes a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels and its preparation method. The self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels provided by this invention involves hydrophobically modifying molybdenum disulfide micro / nano flower-like structures, then adding them to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and uniformly mixing before brushing onto the solar panel. This coating exhibits excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties, mechanical durability, and corrosion resistance. It not only effectively prevents power loss due to dust accumulation and reduces the cleaning burden on solar panels, but also effectively extends the service life of the solar panels.

[0007] Moreover, the molybdenum disulfide used in this invention is inexpensive and readily available, while polydimethylsiloxane has a stable molecular structure and is not easily decomposed. It is environmentally friendly and non-toxic, making it an environmentally friendly and economical self-cleaning antifouling coating suitable for large-scale production.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] This invention provides a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels. The coating material consists of polydimethylsiloxane, modified molybdenum disulfide, and a curing agent. The mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500:(2-5), and the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to curing agent is 10:(1-3).

[0010] Furthermore, the modifier of the modified molybdenum disulfide is tridecylfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and the solid-liquid ratio of molybdenum disulfide to tridecylfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 1g:(2-4)mL. The tridecylfluorooctyltriethoxysilane reagent can be of analytical grade.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500:3, and the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to curing agent is 10:1.

[0012] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step S1: Add molybdenum disulfide to anhydrous ethanol and sonicate it. Then add tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane and mix and stir for 1-3 hours to obtain a reaction solution. Centrifuge the reaction solution and dry it to obtain modified molybdenum disulfide.

[0014] Step S2: Mix polydimethylsiloxane with the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1, stir for 2-3 hours, add curing agent and stir for 8-12 minutes to obtain coating. Apply the coating to the cleaned solar panel and dry it to obtain the final product.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S1, the particle size D50 of molybdenum disulfide is 500 nm, and the solid-liquid ratio of molybdenum disulfide to anhydrous ethanol is 1 g:(6-10) mL.

[0016] Furthermore, the ultrasonic treatment conditions in step S1 are: ultrasonic frequency of 15-25 kHz and ultrasonic time of 18-25 min.

[0017] Further, the centrifugation conditions in step S1 are as follows: centrifuge at 8000-12000 rpm for 8-12 min, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and repeat 2-3 times.

[0018] Furthermore, the drying conditions in step S1 are: drying in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 60-80°C for 1-2 hours.

[0019] Furthermore, the curing agent in step S2 is Dow Corning DC184 curing agent, and the polydimethylsiloxane is Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane (containing the main agent and the curing agent).

[0020] Furthermore, the drying conditions in step S2 are: drying in a constant temperature forced-air drying oven at 60°C for 5-6 hours.

[0021] The self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels provided by this invention is inspired by the "lotus effect" in nature. The inventors discovered that the surface of a lotus leaf consists of a rough, micron-sized papillary structure covered with a waxy protrusion. This structure not only possesses hydrophobic properties but also exhibits low adhesion to particulate contaminants. Therefore, the hydrophobicity of photovoltaic superhydrophobic materials is not the result of a single factor but is determined by the material's chemical properties (or low surface energy) and its micro / nano-scale layered morphology or rough structure. When this material is applied to the surface of a photovoltaic device, it forms an air film. This air film prevents water droplets from spreading out and keeps them spherical. When the contact angle (CA) between the water droplet and the film surface is greater than 150° and the roll-off angle (SA) is less than 10°, the water droplet rolls easily on the film surface. When dust particles fall onto the coating surface, the papillary nanostructure of the coating surface plays a crucial role. These tiny papillary structures provide an unstable attachment point for dust particles, making them easily carried away from the surface of photovoltaic modules by rolling droplets or airflow, thus achieving the effect of dust removal and anti-fouling.

[0022] This invention provides a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels, solving the problem of reduced power generation efficiency and shortened lifespan caused by dust and dirt accumulation during long-term outdoor operation. The invention first uses a sol-gel method to hydrophobically modify molybdenum disulfide micro / nano flower-shaped particles, then investigates the effect of the amount of modified molybdenum disulfide added on the anti-fouling performance and mechanical durability of the coating. This process has advantages such as cost-effectiveness, simple operation, and excellent performance. Results show that when m(PDMS):m(A) = 500:3 and m(PDMS):m(A) = 100:1, the prepared coating exhibits superhydrophobic properties, with a contact angle reaching a maximum of CA = 161°, and extremely low surface energy, demonstrating excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling effects. Furthermore, this self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating retains its superhydrophobic properties after sandpaper abrasion, exhibiting excellent mechanical durability, providing a new research path for eliminating surface dust and dirt on photovoltaic devices such as solar panels.

[0023] In summary, compared with the prior art, the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] (1) The filler molybdenum disulfide in the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels provided by the present invention is inexpensive and readily available, while polydimethylsiloxane has a stable molecular structure and is not easily decomposed. At the same time, the coating obtained is convenient to operate and low in cost compared with robot cleaning and laser dust removal. It is an economical, environmentally friendly and easy-to-operate self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels.

[0025] (2) The self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels provided by the present invention has excellent superhydrophobic properties, anti-fouling performance and corrosion resistance. The contact angle can reach 161°. The ultra-low surface energy makes it easy for dust particles to be carried away by rolling droplets or airflow, thus achieving the effect of anti-fouling and self-cleaning. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The image shows the microstructure of the modified molybdenum disulfide prepared in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 2 The image shows the wettability results of the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 of Examples 2-4.

[0028] Figure 3 The graphs show the test results of the self-cleaning performance and surface wettability of the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2-4.

[0029] Figure 4 The graph shows the antifouling performance test results of the self-cleaning antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2-4.

[0030] Figure 5 The graph shows the mechanical durability test results of the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2-4.

[0031] Figure 6 The graphs show the potentiodynamic polarization curves of the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2-4.

[0032] Figure 7 The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results are shown for the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2-4. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or improvements based on the basic idea of ​​the invention, but as long as they do not depart from the basic idea of ​​the invention, they are all within the scope of the invention. The raw materials involved in the present invention can all be obtained commercially available or through conventional techniques in the art.

[0034] Example 1: Preparation of modified molybdenum disulfide

[0035] 1 g of molybdenum disulfide with a particle size D50 of 500 nm was added to 8 mL of anhydrous ethanol and subjected to ultrasonic treatment under the following conditions: ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz and ultrasonic time of 20 min. Then, 3 mL of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOES) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 h to obtain a reaction solution. The reaction solution was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 min, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and the process was repeated twice. Then, the solution was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 2 h to obtain modified molybdenum disulfide.

[0036] The modified molybdenum disulfide prepared in Example 1 was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (Quanta FEG 650) with a resolution of 1 nm, a magnification of 6 to 1,000,000 times, a maximum accelerating voltage of 30 kV, an ambient vacuum of up to 2600 Pa, and a sample movement distance of 150 mm × 150 mm × 65 mm.

[0037] The microstructure of the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained by this invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. From Figure 1 It can be seen that the modified molybdenum disulfide prepared in Example 1 of the present invention is in the form of micro-nano flower spheres with a particle size of about 200-500 nm.

[0038] Example 2: A self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels

[0039] The coating used for the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating of the solar panel is composed of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane, modified molybdenum disulfide, and Dow Corning DC184 curing agent. The mass ratio of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500:1, and the mass ratio of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane to Dow Corning DC184 curing agent is 10:1.

[0040] Preparation process:

[0041] Step S1: 1g of molybdenum disulfide with a particle size D50 of 500nm was added to 8mL of anhydrous ethanol and subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic treatment conditions were: ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and ultrasonic time of 20min. Then, 2mL of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOES) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2h to obtain a reaction solution. The reaction solution was centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10min. It was washed with anhydrous ethanol and repeated twice. Then, it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ and dried for 2h to obtain modified molybdenum disulfide.

[0042] Step S2: Using the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 as a filler, a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating is prepared by brushing. The surface of the solar panel is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol. Then, Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane is mixed with the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 and stirred for 2 hours. Then, Dow Corning DC184 curing agent is added and stirred for another 10 minutes to obtain the coating. The coating is brushed onto the cleaned solar panel and dried in a constant temperature drying oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain the final product.

[0043] Example 3: A self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels

[0044] The coating used for the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating of the solar panel is composed of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane, modified molybdenum disulfide, and Dow Corning DC184 curing agent. The mass ratio of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500:3, and the mass ratio of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane to Dow Corning DC184 curing agent is 10:1.

[0045] Preparation process:

[0046] Step S1: 1g of molybdenum disulfide with a particle size D50 of 500nm was added to 8mL of anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic treatment conditions were: ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and ultrasonic time of 20min. Then, 3mL of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOES) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2h to obtain a reaction solution. The reaction solution was centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10min. It was washed with anhydrous ethanol and repeated twice. Then, it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ and dried for 2h to obtain modified molybdenum disulfide.

[0047] Step S2: Using the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 as a filler, a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating is prepared by brushing. The surface of the solar panel is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol. Then, Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane is mixed with the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 and stirred for 2 hours. Then, Dow Corning DC184 curing agent is added and stirred for another 10 minutes to obtain the coating. The coating is brushed onto the cleaned solar panel and dried in a constant temperature drying oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain the final product.

[0048] Example 4: A self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels

[0049] The coating used for the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating of the solar panel is composed of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane, modified molybdenum disulfide, and Dow Corning DC184 curing agent. The mass ratio of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500:5, and the mass ratio of Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane to Dow Corning DC184 curing agent is 10:1.

[0050] Preparation process:

[0051] Step S1: 1g of molybdenum disulfide with a particle size D50 of 500nm was added to 8mL of anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic treatment conditions were: ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and ultrasonic time of 20min. Then, 4mL of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOES) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2h to obtain a reaction solution. The reaction solution was centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10min. It was washed with anhydrous ethanol and repeated twice. Then, it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ and dried for 2h to obtain modified molybdenum disulfide.

[0052] Step S2: Using the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 as a filler, a self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating is prepared by brushing. The surface of the solar panel is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol. Then, Dow Corning DC184 polydimethylsiloxane is mixed with the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 and stirred for 2 hours. Then, Dow Corning DC184 curing agent is added and stirred for another 10 minutes to obtain the coating. The coating is brushed onto the cleaned solar panel and dried in a constant temperature drying oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain the final product.

[0053] Experimental Example 1: Contact Angle Test of Modified Molybdenum Disulfide

[0054] 1. Experimental materials:

[0055] Modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 of Examples 2, 3 and 4.

[0056] 2. Experimental methods:

[0057] The modified molybdenum disulfide prepared in step S1 of Examples 2, 3, and 4 was measured using a DAS25S contact angle meter manufactured by KRUSS GmbH, Germany. Distilled water was used as the test liquid, and the droplet volume was set to 4 μL. Measurements were taken at five different locations on the same sample surface, and the average value of the measurement results was taken as the contact angle value.

[0058] 3. Experimental Results:

[0059] Experimental results are as follows Figure 2 As shown.

[0060] Figure 2 The image shows the wettability results of the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 of Examples 2, 3, and 4. From... Figure 2 It can be seen that the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 of Example 2 has a contact angle CA = 152°, the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 of Example 3 has a contact angle CA = 158°, and the modified molybdenum disulfide obtained in step S1 of Example 4 has a contact angle CA = 150°, all of which have excellent low surface energy.

[0061] Experiment Example 2: Self-cleaning and anti-fouling performance test of self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels

[0062] 1. Experimental materials:

[0063] Self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3 and 4.

[0064] 2. Experimental methods:

[0065] 2.1 Coating self-cleaning test method:

[0066] Using iron oxide inorganic pigment as a contaminant, an appropriate amount of iron oxide powder was sprinkled on the coating surface, and the sample was tilted at an angle of 30° to the horizontal plane. Then, deionized water was dripped drop by drop using a plastic dropper to rinse the contaminant on the coating surface, and a self-cleaning experiment was conducted for comparison.

[0067] 2.2 Coating antifouling test method:

[0068] Using methylene blue-stained deionized water as the contaminant, the coating was immersed in the methylene blue solution and then observed to see if there was any blue solution dripping onto the coating surface.

[0069] 3. Experimental Results:

[0070] 3.1 The test results of the self-cleaning performance and surface wettability of the self-cleaning and antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4 are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0071] Figure 3 Figures show the test results of the self-cleaning performance and surface wettability of the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4. Figures a1-a3 represent Example 2, b1-b3 represent Example 3, and c1-c3 represent Example 4. Figure 3 It can be known that:

[0072] (1) From Figure 3 (a1~a2) shows that the iron oxide powder exhibits strong adhesion to the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 2, indicating a tendency for contaminants to drip. Figure 3 (a3) It can be seen that the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 2 is hydrophobic, but the contact angle CA = 134°. The reason may be that the amount of molybdenum disulfide added is too small, which cannot form a rough surface structure to isolate iron oxide contaminants, resulting in poor self-cleaning performance.

[0073] (2) From Figure 3 (b1~b2) shows that when water droplets come into contact with the surface of the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 3, they quickly slide off due to gravity, and the iron oxide contaminants on the coating also slide off with the water droplets, thus achieving the cleaning of surface contaminants. From Figure 3 (b3) It can be seen that the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coating surface for solar panels prepared in Example 3 is in a superhydrophobic state with a contact angle CA = 161°, which has a typical Cassie-Baxter model. When water droplets come into contact with the coating, the rough micro-nano structure and the hydrophobic functional groups grafted on it will trap air in the surface pores, forming air layers, which can effectively prevent water droplets from dripping and penetrating, and exhibit excellent self-cleaning performance.

[0074] (3) From Figure 3 (c1~c2) shows that when water droplets come into contact with the surface of the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 4, they quickly slide off due to gravity, and the iron oxide contaminants on the coating also slide off with the water droplets, thus achieving the cleaning of surface contaminants. From Figure 3 (c3) It can be seen that the surface of the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 4 is superhydrophobic with a contact angle CA = 155°, which can exhibit good self-cleaning performance.

[0075] 3.2 The antifouling performance test results of the self-cleaning antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4 are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0076] Figure 4 The figures show the antifouling performance test results of the self-cleaning antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4, where figures a1-a2 represent Example 2, figures b1-b2 represent Example 3, and figures c1-c2 represent Example 4. Figure 4 It can be seen that the self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 2 exhibited surface sagging after repeated immersion in methylene blue solution four times, demonstrating poor anti-fouling performance. In contrast, the self-cleaning anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 3 and 4 showed no sagging after repeated immersion in methylene blue solution four times, remaining very clean and demonstrating excellent anti-fouling performance.

[0077] Experiment Example 3: Mechanical Performance Testing of Self-Cleaning and Anti-fouling Coatings for Solar Panels

[0078] 1. Experimental materials:

[0079] Self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3 and 4.

[0080] 2. Experimental methods:

[0081] The self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4 were placed under the pressure of a 100g weight and pressed tightly against sandpaper (1200#). The coating moved 20cm to the left and 20cm to the right as one cycle, and the wear cycle was 5. The surface contact angle of the coating after 200cm of wear was measured.

[0082] 3. Experimental Results:

[0083] Experimental results are as follows Figure 5 As shown.

[0084] Figure 5 The graph shows the mechanical durability test results of the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4. From... Figure 5 It can be seen that the surface contact angle of the self-cleaning antifouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 2 is CA = 123°, and its mechanical durability is relatively average. The surface contact angle of the self-cleaning antifouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 3 is CA = 154°, and it still exhibits excellent mechanical durability and superhydrophobic properties after wear. The surface contact angle of the self-cleaning antifouling coating for solar panels prepared in Example 4 is CA = 150°, and it still has good mechanical properties and superhydrophobic properties after wear.

[0085] Experiment Example 5: Corrosion Resistance Test of Self-Cleaning and Anti-fouling Coating for Solar Panels

[0086] 1. Experimental materials:

[0087] Self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3 and 4.

[0088] 2. Experimental methods:

[0089] The pure PDMS coating and the self-cleaning and antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4 were immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 240 hours, and then subjected to electrochemical tests, including potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The testing method involved using an electrochemical workstation (AMETEK PARSTAT MC1000A model) to measure the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves of the coating samples after immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for different durations, comparing the corrosion resistance of each coating sample. The workstation was a three-electrode system: a Pt metal counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode, and the coating under test as the working electrode, with a contact area of ​​1 cm². 2 The electrolyte was a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The measurement frequency range was 10⁻²–10⁻⁵ Hz, and the sinusoidal AC signal range was 5 mV. The fitting parameters were obtained from an equivalent circuit model in ZSimp Win software. The scanning rate of the potentiodynamic polarization curve was in the range of 1 mV·s⁻¹, and at least three samples were tested.

[0090] 3. Experimental Results:

[0091] 3.1 The potentiodynamic polarization curves of the self-cleaning antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4 are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0092] Figure 6 The graphs show the potentiodynamic polarization curves of the self-cleaning anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4, where C1 represents Example 2, C2 represents Example 3, and C3 represents Example 4. Figure 6 It can be seen that after immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 240 h, the corrosion current density (icorr) of the self-cleaning antifouling coating (C2 coating) for solar panels prepared in Example 3 is 2.6 x 10⁻⁶. -10 A·cm -2 Compared to the pure PDMS coating, its corrosion current density (icorr) is the lowest, differing by approximately four orders of magnitude. The self-cleaning antifouling coating sample for solar panels prepared in Example 3 exhibits the lowest corrosion current and the highest corrosion potential during electrochemical corrosion, indicating its superior corrosion resistance.

[0093] 3.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results of the self-cleaning and antifouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4 are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0094] Figure 7The images show the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results of the self-cleaning and anti-fouling coatings for solar panels prepared in Examples 2, 3, and 4, where C1 represents Example 2, C2 represents Example 3, and C3 represents Example 4. Figure 7 It can be seen that, after soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 240 h, the self-cleaning antifouling coating (C2 coating) for solar panels prepared in Example 3 exhibits the best corrosion resistance, with a low-frequency impedance modulus of 8.2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω·cm 2 The low-frequency impedance modulus of the pure PDMS coating is 1.05 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω·cm 2 The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curve test results were consistent. The results indicate that the self-cleaning antifouling coating (C2 coating) prepared in Example 3 for solar panels exhibits optimal corrosion resistance.

[0095] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Various modifications and alterations made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims. Other parts not detailed in this invention belong to the prior art and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0096] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes, substitutions and modifications to the subject matter set forth herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for the preparation of a self-cleaning anti-fouling coating for solar panels, characterized in that, The coating of the coating is: polydimethylsiloxane, modified molybdenum disulfide and curing agent, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500: (2~5), the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to curing agent is 10: (1~3); The modifier of the modified molybdenum disulfide is tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane, the solid-liquid ratio of molybdenum disulfide to tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane is 1g: (2~4) mL; The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step S1, the molybdenum disulfide is added to anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic treatment, then tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane is added, mixed and stirred for 1~3 h, a reaction liquid is obtained, the reaction liquid is centrifuged and dried to obtain modified molybdenum disulfide; Step S2, the polydimethylsiloxane is mixed with the modified molybdenum disulfide prepared in step S1, stirred for 2~3 h, then the curing agent is added and stirred for 8~12 min to obtain a coating, which is brushed on the cleaned solar cell panel and dried to obtain the coating. In the step S1, the particle size D50 of the molybdenum disulfide is 500 nm, and the solid-liquid ratio of the molybdenum disulfide to anhydrous ethanol is 1g: (6~10) mL; The ultrasonic treatment conditions in step S1 are: ultrasonic frequency is 15~25 kHz, and ultrasonic time is 18~25 min; The centrifugation conditions in step S1 are: centrifugation at a speed of 8000~12000 rpm for 8~12 min, anhydrous ethanol washing, and repeating 2~3 times.

2. A method for the preparation of a self-cleaning anti-soiling coating for solar panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to modified molybdenum disulfide is 500:3, and the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to curing agent is 10:

1.

3. The method for the preparation of a self-cleaning anti-soiling coating for solar panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying conditions in step S1 are: drying in a vacuum drying box at a temperature of 60~80 ℃ for 1~2 h.

4. The method for preparing a self-cleaning anti-soiling coating for solar panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curing agent in step S2 is Dow Corning DC184 curing agent.

5. The method for preparing a self-cleaning anti-soiling coating for solar panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying conditions in step S2 are: drying in a constant temperature air drying oven at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 5~6 h.

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