Transmit-receive separated two-dimensional phased array antenna and design method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of antennas, and relates to a transceiving split two-dimensional phased array antenna and a design method thereof. The transceiving split two-dimensional phased array antenna comprises a substrate, a receiving antenna array, a composite isolation cabin which is arranged at the edge position of the substrate and has an opening at the top, is used for mounting a transmitting antenna array, and isolates signals of the transmitting antenna array and signals of the receiving antenna array; the height of the opening is 1-2 radar wave lengths higher than the array surface of the receiving antenna array; the transmitting antenna array is arranged inside the composite isolation cabin, and each array element is perpendicular to the substrate; the ratio of the number of the transmitting antennas to the number of the array elements of the receiving antennas ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16; and the transceiving split two-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmitting narrow-receiving mode. The transceiving split two-dimensional phased array antenna adopting the application can have a higher transceiving isolation ratio under the condition that the size of the transceiving split antenna is almost the same as that of the transceiving integrated antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antennas. More specifically, this invention relates to a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic countermeasures and reconnaissance jamming attacks against radar are the primary threats to radar survival. Low Probability of Interception (LPI) radar will gradually become the future direction of radar development. Transmitting continuous wave or high-operation-ratio quasi-continuous wave signals, which minimizes the peak power of radar radiation under the same detection range, is the best choice for LPI radar. Continuous wave and quasi-continuous wave radars require separate transmit and receive antennas, which brings two major challenges to the radar system: increased size and limited radar detection range due to the transmit-receive isolation ratio, making continuous wave radar only suitable for short-range detection. Early weather radars used high-power pulse systems, mainly using high-voltage, high-power vacuum electronic devices such as klystrons, which were large, expensive, and had low reliability. Now, solid-state weather radars have been developed, using pulse compression technology to transmit wide pulses to reduce peak power, which is achieved using solid-state power devices with lower peak power. However, the wide sidelobe stomata of pulse compression brings a long false alarm band at strong target ranges. For example, transmitting a 100μs wide pulse and compressing it into a 0.2μs narrow pulse results in a 100μs sidelobe stomata, forming a 15km long false alarm band at strong target ranges. The use of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals to receive deslant echoes and calculate distances by measuring frequencies, thus avoiding pulse compression, will become the future development direction for weather radar.

[0003] Two-dimensional phased array antennas achieve two-dimensional phased array by changing the phase difference in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Generally, the horizontal phase scan range can reach 120° and the vertical phase scan range can reach more than 95°. It can achieve rapid two-dimensional beam switching in a large coverage area and has the function of accurate three-coordinate measurement such as azimuth, elevation, and distance. Full-space electronic scanning can be achieved by using 3 or 4 area arrays. When a two-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a continuous wave system, the radar antenna needs to be implemented using two separate antennas with high isolation ratios for transmitting and receiving. The isolation ratio is related to the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas; each additional wavelength increases the isolation ratio by 6 dB. Due to spatial limitations, traditionally constructed two-dimensional phased array radars for continuous waves suffer from drawbacks such as low transmit / receive isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight, system complexity, poor mobility, and high cost. This restricts the application of phased array technology in continuous wave radars and also hinders the realization of the unique advantages of continuous wave radars, such as no range blind zone, low peak transmit power, difficulty in intercepting transmitted signals, strong resistance to active interference, cross-boundary signal jumps when there is no combined pulse to resolve range blind zones, and strong survivability. High-operating-ratio pulse radars with similar characteristics generally employ a pulse radar system with a shared transmit and receive antenna. They have a large near-range blind zone and rely on combined pulses and multi-frequency staggered pulses to resolve range blind zones, velocity ambiguities, and range ambiguities. However, this method is inefficient, produces numerous range and velocity outliers, and generates a large number of false alarms during ambiguity resolution.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problems of low transmit / receive isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor mobility, and high cost of two-dimensional phased array antennas using continuous wave system is the focus of current research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of low transmit / receive isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight, and poor mobility of existing two-dimensional phased array antennas using continuous wave technology, this invention provides solutions in the following aspects.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a transmit / receive separated two-dimensional phased array antenna, comprising:

[0007] The substrate is used to support the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array;

[0008] The receiving antenna array is composed of multiple parallel subarray elements. The length of the subarray elements gradually increases from both sides to the middle of the receiving antenna array, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray elements is centrally symmetrical. A subarray element includes several rows of subarrays of equal length, and each element of the subarray is perpendicular to the substrate.

[0009] A composite isolation chamber is located at the edge of the substrate and has an opening at the top for mounting a transmitting antenna array and isolating the signals of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; the height of the opening is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths higher than the array surface of the receiving antenna array.

[0010] A transmitting antenna array is disposed inside the composite isolation chamber, with each array element perpendicular to the substrate.

[0011] The ratio of the number of transmitting antennas to the number of array elements of the receiving antenna ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16, and the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmitting and receiving uses the DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode.

[0012] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Since the isolation ratio is related to the spacing between the transmitting and receiving antennas, and the isolation ratio increases by 6dB for every additional wavelength of spacing, existing two-dimensional phased array antennas with separate transmitting and receiving antennas usually need to increase the spacing between the transmitting and receiving antennas in order to improve the antenna's transmit / receive isolation ratio. This results in two-dimensional phased array antennas with separate transmitting and receiving antennas having defects such as large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor mobility, and high cost. In addition, due to the certain spatial size limitations of radar, the transmit / receive isolation ratio of two-dimensional phased array antennas with separate transmitting and receiving antennas is still relatively low. The transmit / receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention uses a composite isolation chamber to mount the transmitting antenna array. Because the composite isolation chamber uses materials with both electrical and magnetic attenuation properties, it exhibits low VSWR and high loss characteristics, thereby improving the isolation ratio by 15dB at the transmitting end and 15dB at the receiving end, for a total improvement of 30dB. This allows the transmit / receive split antenna to achieve a high isolation ratio while maintaining a size almost identical to an integrated transmit / receive antenna. Therefore, using the transmit / receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention can significantly reduce the size, weight, and cost of high-isolation transmit / receive split two-dimensional phased array antennas, improving their mobility. Furthermore, by employing a DBF (wide transmit, narrow receive) mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be significantly reduced. Moreover, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray elements gradually increases from both sides to the center, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray elements is centrally symmetrical, the array surface of the receiving antenna approaches a circle or ellipse, making the beam shape of the antenna array more symmetrical. This helps reduce signal distortion and errors, improving the performance of communication or radar systems.

[0013] Preferably, the composite isolation chamber is made of carbon-based iron and has a groove on the side wall perpendicular to the bottom surface.

[0014] Preferably, the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths.

[0015] Its beneficial effects are: by making the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths, the total volume of the separate transmitting and receiving antennas is greatly reduced while ensuring that the phased array radar has a high transmit-receive isolation ratio.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a design method for a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports, comprising:

[0017] Determine the structural configuration of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports, wherein the structural configuration is the structure of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports as described in any one of claims 1 to 3;

[0018] The relevant parameters of the two-dimensional phased array antenna are set as follows: the radar wave wavelength of the transmit and receive two-dimensional phased array antenna, the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna are set, and the transmitting antenna array is a single square subarray.

[0019] The lateral beamwidth of the receiving antenna is determined based on the lateral angle measurement accuracy, and the longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna is determined based on the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy.

[0020] The number of columns of the receiving antenna array is determined based on the horizontal beamwidth, and the number of rows of the receiving antenna array is determined based on the vertical beamwidth.

[0021] The lateral electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array are calculated based on the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, and the longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array are calculated based on the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

[0022] The number of columns of the transmitting antenna array is determined based on the number of array elements, and the transverse beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array is calculated based on the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array. The longitudinal beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array is equal to its transverse beamwidth.

[0023] The transverse electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array is calculated based on the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, and the longitudinal electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array is equal to its transverse electrical dimension.

[0024] Its beneficial effects are as follows: When designing a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive units using the method of this invention, by using a composite isolation chamber to install the transmitting antenna array, the separate transmit and receive antennas are almost the same size as the integrated transmit and receive antennas, while achieving a high transmit-receive isolation ratio. This can greatly reduce the volume, weight, and cost of the high-isolation-ratio two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive units, and improve its mobility. In addition, by adopting the DBF (broad transmit, narrow receive) mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray elements gradually increases from both sides to the middle, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray elements is centrally symmetrical, the array surface of the receiving antenna is close to a circle or ellipse, making the beam shape of the antenna array more symmetrical, which helps to reduce signal distortion and errors, and improve the performance of communication or radar systems.

[0025] Preferably, the expression for calculating the lateral beamwidth of the receiving antenna is:

[0026] ;

[0027] The formula for calculating the longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna is:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the above formulas, and These refer to the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, respectively. and These are the transverse beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna, respectively.

[0030] Its beneficial effects are as follows: The two-dimensional phased array antenna achieves radar scanning through a phase shifter. Since the lateral beamwidth determines the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the longitudinal beamwidth determines the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna is about 1 / 50 of the lateral beamwidth, and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy is about 1 / 50 of the longitudinal beamwidth, when designing a two-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the lateral beamwidth of the receiving antenna to the lateral beamwidth calculated by the above expression, and setting the longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna to the longitudinal beamwidth calculated by the above expression, can ensure that the lateral and longitudinal angle measurement accuracies of the designed two-dimensional phased array antenna meet the expectations.

[0031] Preferably, determining the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array includes:

[0032] The number of columns of the receiving antenna array is calculated based on the horizontal beamwidth, and the number of rows of the receiving antenna array is calculated based on the vertical beamwidth.

[0033] Based on the column number reference value and the column number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression:

[0034] ;

[0035] Based on the row number reference value and the row number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression:

[0036] ;

[0037] Based on the number of subarrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array, combined with the Determine the true value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, based on the number of subarrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array combined with the... Determine the true value of the number of rows in the receiving antenna array;

[0038] In the above formulas, and These represent the reference values ​​for the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array, respectively.

[0039] The beneficial effects are as follows: Since the reference value for the number of columns of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of rows of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, using the expression in this embodiment to calculate the number of subarrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array can ensure that the number of columns in the final designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value for the number of columns; similarly, since the reference value for the number of rows of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of columns of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, using the expression in this embodiment to calculate the number of subarrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array can ensure that the number of rows in the final designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value for the number of rows; thereby ensuring that the transverse beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna array meet the expected requirements.

[0040] Preferably, the formula for calculating the column reference value is:

[0041] ;

[0042] The expression for calculating the baseline value of the number of rows is:

[0043] .

[0044] Preferably, the expression for calculating the lateral electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array is:

[0045] ;

[0046] The formula for calculating the longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array is as follows:

[0047] ;

[0048] In the above formulas, and These represent the lateral and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array, respectively. This represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports. and These represent the actual number of columns and the actual number of rows of the receiving antenna array, respectively.

[0049] Preferably, the expression for calculating the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array is:

[0050] ;

[0051] In the formula, This indicates the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array. This indicates the number of columns in the transmitting antenna array.

[0052] Preferably, the lateral electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array The calculation expression is:

[0053] ;

[0054] In the formula, This indicates the number of columns in the transmitting antenna array. This indicates the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports. Attached Figure Description

[0055] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic front view of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic left view of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the design method of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Example of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports:

[0063] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the transmit / receive separated two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention includes:

[0064] Substrate 1 is used to carry the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array;

[0065] The receiving antenna array 2 is composed of multiple parallel subarray elements. The length of the subarray elements gradually increases from both sides to the middle of the receiving antenna array, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray elements is centrally symmetrical. A subarray element includes several rows of subarrays of equal length, and each element of the subarray is perpendicular to the substrate.

[0066] The composite isolation chamber 3 is located at the edge of the substrate and has an opening at the top for mounting a transmitting antenna array and isolating the signals of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; the height of the opening is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths higher than the array surface of the receiving antenna array.

[0067] The transmitting antenna array 4 is disposed inside the composite isolation chamber, with each element of the array perpendicular to the substrate.

[0068] The ratio of the number of elements in the transmitting antenna to the number of elements in the receiving antenna ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16, and the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmitting and receiving uses the DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode.

[0069] In this embodiment, the number of array elements in the receiving antenna and the number of array elements in the transmitting antenna can be adopted in the following ways: 2048 receiving antenna array elements and 64 transmitting antenna array elements; 2048 receiving antenna array elements and 16 transmitting antenna array elements; 2048 receiving antenna array elements and 4 transmitting antenna array elements; 2048 receiving antenna array elements and 1 transmitting antenna array element; 1024 receiving antenna array elements and 64 transmitting antenna array elements; 1024 receiving antenna array elements and 16 transmitting antenna array elements; 1024 receiving antenna array elements and 4 transmitting antenna array elements; 1024 receiving antenna array elements and 1 transmitting antenna array element; 512 receiving antenna array elements and 64 transmitting antenna array elements; 512 receiving antenna array elements. The number of antenna array elements is as follows: 16 transmitting antenna elements; 512 receiving antenna elements and 4 transmitting antenna elements; 512 receiving antenna elements and 1 transmitting antenna element; 256 receiving antenna elements and 16 transmitting antenna elements; 256 receiving antenna elements and 4 transmitting antenna elements; 256 receiving antenna elements and 1 transmitting antenna element; 128 receiving antenna elements and 4 transmitting antenna elements; 128 receiving antenna elements and 1 transmitting antenna element; 64 receiving antenna elements and 4 transmitting antenna elements; 64 receiving antenna elements and 1 transmitting antenna element; 32 receiving antenna elements and 1 transmitting antenna element; 16 receiving antenna elements and 1 transmitting antenna element.

[0070] In each approach, the number of receiving antenna subarrays equals the number of transmitting antenna elements, resulting in a volume reduction of half compared to traditional separate transmit / receive antennas. Simultaneously, the larger receiving antenna size corresponds to a greater number of R-components. The power consumption of R-components is 10 to 100 times lower than that of T-components, and natural cooling is sufficient to meet thermal design requirements. This facilitates high-density array deployment and can be widely applied to tile-type phased arrays and ultra-wideband phased array radars. The high-power transmitting devices corresponding to the T-components are relatively concentrated, using gallium nitride (GaN) devices with an efficiency of 40% to 60%. These devices also have high junction temperature tolerance, reaching up to 250°C. Localized forced air cooling is sufficient to meet system thermal design requirements, significantly reducing the complexity of airflow design and minimizing the added volume and weight associated with thermal design, making it easy to achieve compact, high-power separate transmit / receive phased array antennas.

[0071] The composite isolation chamber is made of a material with both electrical and magnetic attenuation properties. In this embodiment, the composite isolation chamber is made of carbon-based iron; in other embodiments, other materials with electrical and magnetic attenuation properties may also be used. In this embodiment, the composite isolation chamber has a groove with sidewalls perpendicular to the bottom surface; in other embodiments, other suitable shapes may also be used.

[0072] Since the isolation ratio is related to the spacing between the transmitting and receiving antennas, and the isolation ratio increases by 6dB for every additional wavelength of spacing, existing two-dimensional phased array antennas with separate transmitting and receiving antennas usually require increasing the spacing between the transmitting and receiving antennas in order to improve the antenna's transmit / receive isolation ratio. This results in two-dimensional phased array antennas with separate transmitting and receiving antennas having drawbacks such as large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor mobility, and high cost. In addition, due to the limited space of radar, the transmit / receive isolation ratio of two-dimensional phased array antennas with separate transmitting and receiving antennas is still relatively low. The transmit / receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention uses a composite isolation chamber to mount the transmitting antenna array. Because the composite isolation chamber uses materials with both electrical and magnetic attenuation properties, it exhibits low VSWR and high loss characteristics, thereby improving the isolation ratio by 15dB at the transmitting end and 15dB at the receiving end, for a total improvement of 30dB. This allows the transmit / receive split antenna to achieve a high isolation ratio while maintaining a size almost identical to an integrated transmit / receive antenna. Therefore, using the transmit / receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention can significantly reduce the size, weight, and cost of high-isolation transmit / receive split two-dimensional phased array antennas, improving their mobility. Furthermore, by employing a DBF (wide transmit, narrow receive) mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be significantly reduced. Moreover, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray elements gradually increases from both sides to the center, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray elements is centrally symmetrical, the array surface of the receiving antenna approaches a circle or ellipse, making the beam shape of the antenna array more symmetrical. This helps reduce signal distortion and errors, improving the performance of communication or radar systems.

[0073] In one embodiment, the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths.

[0074] By making the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths, the overall volume of the separate transmitting and receiving antennas is greatly reduced while ensuring that the phased array radar has a high transmit / receive isolation ratio.

[0075] Example of a design method for a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports:

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, the design method of the present invention for a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports includes:

[0077] S101. Determine the structural configuration of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports, wherein the structural configuration is the structure of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports in the above embodiments.

[0078] Two-dimensional phased array transmitting antennas achieve two-dimensional phased array by changing the phase difference in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Generally, the horizontal phase scan range can reach 120° and the vertical phase scan range can reach more than 95°. It can achieve rapid two-dimensional beam switching in a large coverage area. Full-space electronic scanning can be achieved by using 3 or 4 two-dimensional phased array transmitting antennas.

[0079] S102. Set the relevant parameters of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, specifically: set the radar wave wavelength of the transmit and receive two-dimensional phased array antenna, the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the transmitting antenna array is a single square subarray.

[0080] A single square subarray can have 1, 4, 16, or 64 elements, and the radiating elements can be microstrip radiators or horn radiators. Ridge waveguide horn radiators are used in broadband applications.

[0081] The receiving antenna subarray is also a square subarray, and the number of elements in the square subarray is 1, 4, 16 or 64. S103. Determine the lateral beamwidth of the receiving antenna based on the lateral angle measurement accuracy, and determine the longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna based on the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy;

[0082] S104. Determine the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array, specifically: determine the number of columns of the receiving antenna array based on the horizontal beamwidth, and determine the number of rows of the receiving antenna array based on the vertical beamwidth;

[0083] After calculating the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array, the number of elements and subarrays of the receiving antenna array can be reasonably set by combining the number of elements in the transmitting antenna array and the ratio of the number of elements in the transmitting antenna array to the number of elements in the receiving antenna array. The receiving antenna array consists of several square subarrays, arranged in a circular or elliptical pattern. One subarray can have 4 elements, 16 elements, 64 elements, etc. The radiating elements can be microstrip radiators or horn radiators. Ridge waveguide horn radiators are used in broadband applications.

[0084] Two-dimensional phased array antennas achieve two-dimensional phased array by changing the phase difference in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Generally, the horizontal phase scan range can reach 120° and the vertical phase scan range can reach more than 95°. It can achieve rapid two-dimensional beam switching in a large coverage area and has the function of accurate three-coordinate measurement such as azimuth, elevation, and distance. Full-space electronic scanning can be achieved by using 3 or 4 area arrays.

[0085] A two-dimensional phased array antenna scans in two directions, enabling two-dimensional electronically scanned single-pulse angle measurement, and thus realizing a two-dimensional electronically scanned three-coordinate radar system. The lateral beamwidth determines the angle measurement accuracy along the antenna's lateral direction, while the longitudinal beamwidth determines the angle measurement accuracy along the antenna's longitudinal direction. Phase-scanned single-pulse angle measurement is employed.

[0086] S105. Calculate the lateral and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array, specifically: calculate the lateral electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array based on the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, and calculate the longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array based on the number of rows of the receiving antenna array;

[0087] S106. Determine the transverse beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array, specifically: determine the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array based on the number of array elements, and calculate the transverse beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array based on the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array. The longitudinal beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array is equal to its transverse beamwidth.

[0088] S107. Determine the lateral and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array, specifically by calculating the lateral electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array based on the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, wherein the longitudinal electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array are equal to its lateral electrical dimensions.

[0089] When designing a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive units using the method of this invention, a composite isolation chamber is used to install the transmitting antenna array. This allows the separate transmit and receive antenna to have a high transmit / receive isolation ratio while maintaining a size almost identical to that of an integrated transmit / receive antenna. This significantly reduces the volume, weight, and cost of the high-isolation-ratio two-dimensional phased array antenna, improving its mobility. Furthermore, by adopting a DBF (broad transmit, narrow receive) mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced. Moreover, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray elements gradually increases from both sides to the middle, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray elements is centrally symmetrical, the array surface of the receiving antenna is close to a circle or ellipse. This makes the beam shape of the antenna array more symmetrical, which helps to reduce signal distortion and errors, and improve the performance of communication or radar systems.

[0090] In one embodiment, the expression for calculating the lateral beamwidth of the receiving antenna is:

[0091] ;

[0092] The formula for calculating the longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna is:

[0093] ;

[0094] In the above formulas, and These refer to the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, respectively. and These are the transverse beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna, respectively.

[0095] Two-dimensional phased array antennas achieve radar scanning through phase shifters. Since the lateral beamwidth determines the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the longitudinal beamwidth determines the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy, and the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna is approximately 1 / 50 of the lateral beamwidth, and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1 / 50 of the longitudinal beamwidth, when designing a two-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the lateral beamwidth of the receiving antenna to the lateral beamwidth calculated by the above expression, and setting the longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna to the longitudinal beamwidth calculated by the above expression, can ensure that the lateral and longitudinal angle measurement accuracies of the designed two-dimensional phased array antenna meet the expectations.

[0096] In one embodiment, determining the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array includes:

[0097] The number of columns of the receiving antenna array is calculated based on the horizontal beamwidth, and the number of rows of the receiving antenna array is calculated based on the vertical beamwidth.

[0098] Based on the column number reference value and the column number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression:

[0099] ;

[0100] Based on the row number reference value and the row number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression:

[0101] ;

[0102] Based on the number of subarrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array, combined with the Determine the true value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, based on the number of subarrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array combined with the... Determine the true number of rows in the receiving antenna array.

[0103] For example, assuming the longest row of the receiving antenna array has x subarrays, the actual number of columns in the receiving antenna array is... Assuming the longest column of the receiving antenna array has y subarrays, then the actual number of rows in the receiving antenna array is... .

[0104] In the above formulas, and These represent the reference values ​​for the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array, respectively.

[0105] Since the reference value for the number of columns of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of rows of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, the expression in this embodiment is used to calculate the number of subarrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array, which can ensure that the number of columns of the finally designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value for the number of columns. Similarly, since the reference value for the number of rows of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of columns of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, the expression in this embodiment is used to calculate the number of subarrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array, which can ensure that the number of rows of the finally designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value for the number of rows. Thus, the transverse beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna array meet the expected requirements.

[0106] In one embodiment, the expression for calculating the column reference value is:

[0107] ;

[0108] The expression for calculating the baseline value of the number of rows is:

[0109] .

[0110] In one embodiment, the expression for calculating the lateral electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array is:

[0111] ;

[0112] The formula for calculating the longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array is as follows:

[0113] ;

[0114] In the above formulas, and These represent the lateral and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array, respectively. This represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports. and These represent the actual number of columns and the actual number of rows of the receiving antenna array, respectively.

[0115] In one embodiment, the expression for calculating the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array is:

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula, This indicates the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array. This indicates the number of columns in the transmitting antenna array.

[0118] The external dimensions of the transmitting antenna depend on the wavelength, the element spacing, the number of columns and rows in the transmitting antenna array, and in one embodiment, the lateral electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array. The calculation expression is:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula, This indicates the number of columns in the transmitting antenna array. This indicates the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive ports.

[0121] In one embodiment, the method further includes: calculating the gain of the transmitting antenna, wherein the calculation expression is:

[0122] .

[0123] In the description of this specification, "multiple" or "several" means at least two, such as two, three or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0124] While this specification has shown and described numerous embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many modifications, alterations, and alternatives will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in the practice of this invention.

Claims

1. A transceiver-disposed two-dimensional phased array antenna, characterized by, The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmiting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional phased array antenna. The application relates to a receiving-transmitting dual-polarized two-dimensional The number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 64; The number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 16; the number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; The number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; The number of receiving antenna elements is 256, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 16; the number of receiving antenna elements is 256, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; The number of receiving antenna elements is 256, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; The number of receiving antenna elements is 128, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; The number of receiving antenna elements is 128, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; The number of receiving antenna elements is 64, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; The number of receiving antenna elements is 64, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; The number of receiving antenna elements is 32, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; The number of receiving antenna elements is 16, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; and in each combination, the number of receiving antenna subarrays is equal to the number of transmitting antenna elements; The high-power transmitting device corresponding to the transmitting antenna array adopts a gallium nitride device, and the working efficiency is 40%-60%. The device can withstand a junction temperature of 250 DEG C, and local forced air cooling is adopted for heat dissipation. The R component corresponding to the receiving antenna array, and the power consumption of the R component is 10-100 times lower than that of the T component, and natural cooling can meet the thermal design requirements.

2. The transceiver phased two-dimensional array antenna of claim 1, wherein, The composite isolation cabin is made of carbon-based iron material, and has a shape of a groove with a side wall perpendicular to a bottom surface.

3. A method for designing a two-dimensional phased array antenna with transceiver placement, characterized in that, It comprises: determining the structure configuration of the transceiver-separated two-dimensional phased array antenna, the structure configuration being the transceiver-separated two-dimensional phased array antenna structure of any one of claims 1-2; setting the related parameters of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, specifically: setting the radar wave wavelength of the transceiver-separated two-dimensional phased array antenna, the number of elements of the transmitting antenna array, the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the transmitting antenna array is a single square subarray; determining the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna according to the lateral angle measurement accuracy, and determining the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna according to the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy; determining the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the lateral beam width, and determining the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; calculating the lateral electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, and calculating the longitudinal electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of rows of the receiving antenna array; determining the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of elements of the transmitting antenna array, and calculating the lateral beam width of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, the longitudinal beam width of the transmitting antenna array being equal to the lateral beam width of the transmitting antenna array; calculating the lateral electrical size of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, and the longitudinal electrical size of the transmitting antenna array being equal to the lateral electrical size of the transmitting antenna array.

4. The design method of a transceiving two-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The lateral beam width calculation expression of the receiving antenna is: ; The longitudinal beam width calculation expression of the receiving antenna is: ; In the above formulas, and These refer to the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, respectively. and These are the transverse beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna, respectively.

5. The design method of a transceiving two-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 4, wherein, Determining the column number and the row number of the receiving antenna array comprises: According to the transverse beam width, a column number reference value of the receiving antenna array is calculated, and according to the longitudinal beam width, a row number reference value of the receiving antenna array is calculated; combining the column number reference value with a column number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array calculating the number of subarrays of the longest row subarray of the receiving antenna array, the calculation expression being: ; in accordance with the row reference value in combination with the number of rows of a subarray of the receiving antenna array the number of subarrays of the longest column of subarrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated, the calculation expression being: ; The number of sub-arrays of the longest row of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array is combined with the The true value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array is determined according to the number of sub-arrays of the longest column of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array combined with the The true value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array is determined. In the above formulas, and respectively represent the column reference value and the row reference value of the receiving antenna array.

6. The design method of a transceiving two-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The column number reference value calculation expression is: ; The row number reference value calculation expression is: 。 7. The design method of a two-dimensional phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein the two-dimensional phased array antenna is designed by using a two-dimensional array antenna design method. The transverse electrical dimension calculation expression of the receiving antenna array is: ; The longitudinal electrical dimension calculation expression of the receiving antenna array is: ; In the above formulas, and respectively represent the transverse electrical dimension and the longitudinal electrical dimension of the receiving antenna array, represents the radar wave length of the transceiver two-dimensional phased array antenna, and respectively represent the column real value and the row real value of the receiving antenna array.

8. The design method of the transceiver two-dimensional phased array antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein, The transverse beam width calculation expression of the transmitting antenna array is: ; wherein denotes the lateral beam width of the transmit antenna array, denotes the number of columns of the transmit antenna array.

9. The design method of a two-dimensional phased array antenna of claim 3, wherein, The lateral electrical dimension of the array of transmit antennas The computational expression is: ; In the formula, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array, represents the wavelength of the radar wave of the transceiver two-dimensional phased array antenna.

Images