Multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and maritime work platforms and ventilation method of multi-mode emergency ventilation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and maritime work platforms, which comprises an electric power system, a fan ventilation module and an intelligent control unit provided with an emergency control system in advance, the compressed air driving module, the mechanical spring energy storage driving module, the natural wind power utilization module and the hot pressure difference ventilation module do not need to be powered by an electric power system and are electrically connected with the intelligent control unit, and the intelligent control unit monitors the operation conditions of the electric power system and the fan ventilation module and the temperature, gas and air pressure conditions in a dangerous area; when the power system or the fan ventilation module breaks down, the intelligent control unit switches the emergency control system and controls the four non-power control modules to be started and stopped for non-power-driven physical ventilation. Compressed air driving, mechanical spring energy storage driving, natural wind power utilization and a hot pressure difference effect are combined, a proper mode is automatically switched under the emergency condition through multiple power-free ventilation modes, and air circulation in a cabin is continuously kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multi-mode emergency ventilation system and a ventilation method for dangerous areas of a ship and an offshore platform, belonging to the technical field of ventilation systems for ships and offshore platforms. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the shipping industry, the types of ships and the functions they implement are very diverse. Some ships and offshore platforms transport, store or produce flammable, explosive and toxic chemicals, such as mud, bulk materials, hydrogen (H2), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and other chemicals, which make ships and offshore platforms have dangerous areas. The substances in these dangerous areas are very likely to cause fires, explosions or toxic gas poisoning incidents when they leak or are not fully ventilated. Therefore, the normal operation of the ventilation system is crucial to the safety of such areas.

[0003] Existing ventilation systems usually rely on electrically driven fans, which can effectively maintain air flow under normal circumstances. However, when power supply is interrupted or ventilation equipment fails, traditional systems have difficulty providing continuous and reliable ventilation in emergency situations. Existing emergency ventilation equipment mainly relies on backup power or battery-driven fans for ventilation, but there are the following problems:

[0004] (1) Limited battery life: Batteries or backup power supplies have a limited duration of operation, making it difficult to maintain ventilation for long periods of time, especially during prolonged power outages.

[0005] (2) Single emergency mode: Existing emergency systems usually only have a single backup power supply and cannot flexibly respond to ventilation needs under different environments or emergency conditions.

[0006] Therefore, the existing technology requires a multi-mode emergency ventilation system that can utilize multiple physical mechanisms without electrical drive to continuously maintain air flow in various emergency situations to ensure the safety of hazardous areas. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing ventilation systems in dangerous areas of ships and offshore engineering surfaces rely on electric drive but have limited battery life and a single emergency mode, and are unable to cope with the ventilation needs under long-term power outages and different environments or emergency conditions.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-mode emergency ventilation system and ventilation method for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, which adopt a variety of physical driving methods to provide emergency ventilation without electricity, ensuring continuous air flow in emergency situations, thereby preventing toxic gas accumulation and causing explosions, fires and other accidents, ensuring the safety of crew members and equipment, and providing sufficient time for personnel evacuation.

[0009] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0010] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, including a power system, a fan ventilation module and an intelligent control unit. The power system is used to power the fan ventilation module. The intelligent control unit is preset with a conventional fan control system and an emergency control system, and is characterized in that it also includes a compressed air drive module, a mechanical spring energy storage drive module, a natural wind utilization module and a thermal pressure difference ventilation module. None of the four modules require power from the power system. The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the power system, the fan ventilation module, the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module. The intelligent control unit is used to monitor the operation of the power system and the fan ventilation module as well as the temperature, gas and air pressure conditions in the dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms. When the power system or the fan ventilation module fails, the intelligent control unit switches to the emergency control system and controls the opening and closing of the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module to perform physical ventilation without power drive.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent control unit is electrically connected to a gas sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor. The gas sensor and temperature sensor are arranged in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform to monitor the gas concentration and temperature in the cabin. The air pressure sensor is arranged outside the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform to monitor the wind force outside the cabin.

[0012] Furthermore, the compressed air drive module includes an air compressor, a check valve, an air bottle, a stop valve, a pneumatic air outlet and a wind gate. The air outlet of the air compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air bottle through the check valve, and the air outlet of the air bottle is connected to the air inlet of the pneumatic air outlet through the stop valve. At least one ventilation duct connected to the exhaust port of the pneumatic air outlet and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform. The wind gate is provided in the ventilation duct, and the stop valve and the wind gate are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the air bottle is connected to a safety valve for releasing gas when the pressure in the air bottle is too high, and the air outlet of the safety valve is connected to a safe area outside the dangerous area of ​​the ship or offshore platform.

[0014] Furthermore, the pneumatic air outlet includes but is not limited to a pneumatic fan or a turbine device.

[0015] Furthermore, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module includes a spring energy storage device, an energy storage driven fan and a second wind gate. The spring energy storage device is power-connected to the energy storage driven fan. At least one ventilation duct two connected to the exhaust port of the energy storage driven fan and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform. The second wind gate is provided in the second ventilation duct. The spring energy storage device and the second wind gate are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, an external wind channel connected to the atmosphere outside the cabin is provided in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform, the natural wind utilization module includes a wind turbine, a fan 1 and a wind gate 3, the wind turbine is arranged outside the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform for wind power generation, the fan 1 is arranged in the external wind channel and electrically connected to the wind turbine, at least one ventilation duct 3 connected to the exhaust port of the fan 1 and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform, the wind gate 3 is arranged in the ventilation duct 3, and the wind turbine, the fan 1 and the wind gate 3 are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the thermal pressure difference ventilation module includes a ventilator and a wind gate four, the ventilator is arranged on the side wall of the hull in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform, and a chimney effect ventilation duct is arranged on the top of the hull in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform, and the wind gate four is arranged in the chimney effect ventilation duct, and the ventilator and the wind gate four are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit.

[0018] Preferably, the fan ventilation module includes a conventional fan and a wind gate five, and at least one ventilation duct four connected to the conventional fan exhaust port and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform, and the wind gate five is arranged in the ventilation duct four, and the conventional fan and the wind gate five are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a ventilation method for a multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, using the multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The power system and the fan ventilation module operate normally, the intelligent control unit is in a conventional fan control system, and the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module are all in standby mode;

[0021] When the power of the power system is interrupted or the fan ventilation module fails, the intelligent control unit switches the emergency control system. The intelligent control unit controls one or more non-electrically driven ventilation systems including the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module to perform ventilation operations according to the gas concentration, air pressure and temperature inside and outside the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform.

[0022] The multi-mode emergency ventilation system and ventilation method for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0023] 1. The multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms of the present invention combines a variety of non-electric driving modes such as compressed air, mechanical springs, natural wind and thermal pressure difference, multi-mode protection, and continuous ventilation to ensure that the system can continue to operate in an emergency, avoiding the accumulation of harmful gases caused by power outages or equipment failures, and extending the precious time for personnel evacuation.

[0024] 2. The multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms of the present invention can automatically select the most appropriate ventilation mode according to actual conditions, and intelligently adjust the wind speed and ventilation mode according to environmental changes without manual intervention and with rapid response.

[0025] 3. The multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms of the present invention, by combining multiple physical driving modes, can maintain air circulation in the event of a long-term power outage, and is particularly suitable for long-term navigation and platform ocean operation environments.

[0026] 4. The multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms of the present invention utilizes natural wind power and thermal pressure difference for ventilation, which not only saves energy but also reduces dependence on the power system and improves the environmental performance of the system.

[0027] 5. The multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms of the present invention has a modular design that can be configured according to the needs of different ships or platforms, and is suitable for emergency ventilation needs in various scenarios and of different scales. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A system composition diagram of a multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure:

[0031] 1- fan ventilation module; 11- conventional fan; 12- damper five; 13- ventilation duct four; 2- intelligent control unit; 21- gas sensor; 22- temperature sensor; 23- air pressure sensor; 3- compressed air drive module; 31- air compressor; 32- check valve; 33- air bottle; 34- stop valve; 35- pneumatic air outlet; 36- damper one; 4- mechanical spring energy storage drive module; 41- spring energy storage device; 42- energy storage drive fan; 43- damper two; 5- natural wind utilization module; 51- damper three; 6- thermal pressure difference ventilation module; 61- ventilator; 62- damper four; 7- ventilation duct one; 8- safety valve; 9- ventilation duct two; 10- ventilation duct three; 14- chimney effect ventilation duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technical personnel in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application provides a multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, including a power system, a fan ventilation module 1 and an intelligent control unit 2. The fan ventilation module 1 includes a conventional fan 11 and a wind gate 5 12. At least one ventilation duct 4 13 connected to the exhaust port of the conventional fan 11 and the safe area outside the cabin is installed in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform. The wind gate 5 12 is installed in the ventilation duct 4 13. The power system is used to power the fan ventilation module 1. The intelligent control unit 2 adopts a PLC controller or an MCU controller or other control unit. In this embodiment, the intelligent control unit 2 is preferably a PLC controller. The intelligent control unit 2 is preset with a conventional fan 11 control system and a conventional emergency control system. The fan and the wind gate 5 12 are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit 2 to realize automatic control. In this embodiment, the use and system setting of the intelligent control unit 2, as well as the connection with the fan and the wind gate 5 12 are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, further comprising a compressed air drive module 3, a mechanical spring energy storage drive module 4, a natural wind utilization module 5 and a thermal pressure difference ventilation module 6. None of the four modules require power from the power system. The intelligent control unit 2 is electrically connected to the power system, the fan ventilation module 1, the compressed air drive module 3, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module 4, the natural wind utilization module 5 and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module 6. The intelligent control unit 2 is used to monitor the operation of the power system and the fan ventilation module 1, as well as the temperature, gas and air pressure conditions in the dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms. When the power system or the fan ventilation module 1 fails, the intelligent control unit 2 switches to the emergency control system and controls the opening and closing of the compressed air drive module 3, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module 4, the natural wind utilization module 5 and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module 6 to perform physical ventilation without power drive.

[0035] The intelligent control unit 2 is electrically connected to a gas sensor 21, a temperature sensor 22 and an air pressure sensor 23. The gas sensor 21 and the temperature sensor 22 are installed in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform to monitor the gas concentration and temperature in the cabin. The air pressure sensor 23 is installed outside the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform to monitor the wind force outside the cabin. In this embodiment, the monitoring use of the gas sensor 21, the temperature sensor 22 and the air pressure sensor 23 are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated on.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The compressed air drive module 3 includes an air compressor 31, a check valve 32, an air bottle 33, a stop valve 34, a pneumatic air outlet 35 and a wind gate 36. The air outlet of the air compressor 31 is connected to the air inlet of the air bottle 33 through the check valve 32, and the air outlet of the air bottle 33 is connected to the air inlet of the pneumatic air outlet 35 through the stop valve 34. At least one ventilation pipeline 7 connected to the air outlet of the pneumatic air outlet 35 and the safe area outside the cabin is installed in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform. A wind gate 36 is installed, and the stop valve 34 and the wind gate 36 are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit 2 respectively. The air compressor 31 works when the power system is normal, and stores gas in the air bottle 33 for emergency use. The pneumatic air outlet 35 includes but is not limited to a pneumatic fan or a turbine device. In the present embodiment, the pneumatic air outlet 35 is preferably a pneumatic fan. The use of the air compressor 31, the check valve 32, the air bottle 33, the stop valve 34, the pneumatic air outlet 35 and the wind gate 36 are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated on.

[0037] When the power system is interrupted or the fan ventilation module 1 fails, compressed air drives the pneumatic fan or turbine equipment to introduce outside air into the dangerous compartment and exhaust harmful gases. The module can start quickly and provide forced ventilation in a short time.

[0038] Furthermore, the air bottle 33 is connected to a safety valve 8 for releasing gas when the pressure in the air bottle 33 is too high. The air outlet of the safety valve 8 is connected to the safe area outside the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform, thereby ensuring the safe use of the air bottle 33.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The mechanical spring energy storage drive module 4 includes a spring energy storage device 41, an energy storage drive fan 42 and a wind gate 43. The spring energy storage device 41 is connected to the energy storage drive fan 42 by power. At least one ventilation duct 9 connected to the exhaust port of the energy storage drive fan 42 and the safe area outside the cabin is installed in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform. A wind gate 43 is installed in the ventilation duct 9. The spring energy storage device 41 and the wind gate 43 are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit 2 respectively. In this embodiment, the use of the spring energy storage device 41, the energy storage drive fan 42 and the wind gate 43 are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail. In a feasible embodiment, the spring energy storage device 41 can also be replaced by other mechanical energy storage devices.

[0040] When the compressed air supply is insufficient or unavailable, the system switches to the mechanical spring energy storage drive module 4. The spring energy storage device 41 accumulates mechanical potential energy through daily operation, releases energy in an emergency, and drives the energy storage drive fan 42 to run for a short time to ensure air circulation in the cabin. This module does not require electricity and is suitable for short-term emergency ventilation needs.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 An external wind channel (not shown in the figure) connected to the atmosphere outside the cabin is installed in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform. The natural wind utilization module 5 includes a wind turbine, a fan 1 and a wind gate 3 51. The wind turbine is installed outside the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform for wind power generation. The fan 1 is installed in the external wind channel and is electrically connected to the wind turbine. At least one ventilation duct 3 10 connected to the exhaust port of the fan 1 and the safe area outside the cabin is installed in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform. A wind gate 3 51 is installed in the ventilation duct 3 10. The wind turbine, the fan 1 and the wind gate 3 51 are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit 2 respectively. In this embodiment, the wind turbine and the fan 1 are not shown in the figure. The installation and use are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0042] The system uses the external wind channel to achieve ventilation without electricity by utilizing the natural wind or air pressure difference generated during the ship's voyage. This module is particularly suitable for ships at sea, by guiding external air into the cabin, using the air pressure difference to form a natural airflow to exhaust toxic gases in the cabin.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The thermal pressure difference ventilation module 6 includes a ventilator 61 and a wind gate 62. The ventilator 61 is installed on the side wall of the cabin in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform. A chimney effect ventilation duct 14 is installed on the top of the cabin in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform. The wind gate 62 is installed in the chimney effect ventilation duct 14. The ventilator 61 and the wind gate 62 are both electrically connected to the intelligent control unit 2. In this embodiment, the installation and use of the ventilator 61 and the wind gate 62 are both existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0044] The module uses the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cabin to naturally exhaust the hot air in the cabin through the chimney effect ventilation duct 14 on the top. Due to the physical property of hot air rising, the module can form a spontaneous airflow, which is particularly suitable for environments with harmful gas leakage or temperature rise. The thermal pressure difference effect can provide natural ventilation for a long time without electricity.

[0045] The present invention provides a ventilation method for a multi-mode emergency ventilation system in a dangerous area of ​​a ship or an offshore platform, and the multi-mode emergency ventilation system in a dangerous area of ​​a ship or an offshore platform is used, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Normal operation state: When the power system and the fan ventilation module 1 are operating normally, the intelligent control unit 2 is in the normal fan 11 control system, and the normal fan 11 and the damper 12 are in normal operation state. Each non-power drive module is in standby state, and the compressed air drive module 3 connects the air compressor 31, the check valve 32, the air bottle 33 and other equipment or accessories through the pipeline and keeps them in the normal operation mode. If the pressure in the air bottle 33 is too high, it can be discharged through the safety valve 8. The spring energy storage device 41 is in the charging state, ready for emergency use.

[0047] Emergency working state: When power outage or ventilation equipment failure is detected, the intelligent control unit 2 automatically switches to the emergency control system:

[0048] The compressed air drive module 3 is started first, and the control system opens the stop valve 34 to introduce the high-pressure air in the air bottle 33 into the pneumatic fan or turbine equipment as a power forced ventilation, quickly exhausting the toxic gas and introducing fresh air. The wind gate 36 in the ventilation pipeline 7 is in the open state;

[0049] When the compressed air is exhausted or unavailable, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module 4 starts, and drives the fan 42 by releasing the energy stored in the spring energy storage device 41 to continue to maintain air circulation, and the wind gate 2 43 in the ventilation pipeline 2 9 is in an open state;

[0050] If the air pressure sensor 23 detects that the external wind is sufficient, the system uses the external wind channel, the natural wind utilization module 5 is turned on, and the natural airflow is used for ventilation, and the wind gate 3 51 in the ventilation pipeline 3 10 is in an open state;

[0051] In a high temperature environment, the temperature sensor 22 transmits a signal to the intelligent control unit 2 control system, and the system automatically starts the thermal pressure difference ventilation module, using the principle of rising hot air to naturally discharge harmful gases, and the wind gate 4 62 in the chimney effect ventilation duct 14 is in an open state.

[0052] Intelligent control and automatic switching: The system integrates gas sensors 21, temperature sensors 22 and air pressure sensors 23, which can monitor the gas concentration, air pressure and temperature inside and outside the cabin in real time. When harmful gas accumulation or air flow interruption is detected, the intelligent control unit 2 will automatically select the appropriate ventilation mode to ensure timely response and switching of the ventilation system.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not any formal or substantial limitation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the present invention, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make some changes, modifications and equivalent changes made by using the technical content disclosed above, which are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, any changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, comprising a power system, a fan ventilation module and an intelligent control unit, wherein the power system is used to supply power to the fan ventilation module, and the intelligent control unit is preset with a conventional fan control system and an emergency control system, characterized in that: It also includes a compressed air drive module, a mechanical spring energy storage drive module, a natural wind utilization module and a thermal pressure difference ventilation module. None of the four modules require power from the power system. The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the power system, the fan ventilation module, the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module. The intelligent control unit is used to monitor the operation of the power system and the fan ventilation module, as well as the temperature, gas and air pressure conditions in the dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms. When the power system or the fan ventilation module fails, the intelligent control unit switches to the emergency control system and controls the opening and closing of the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module to perform physical ventilation without power drive.

2. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to a gas sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor. The gas sensor and temperature sensor are arranged in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform to monitor the gas concentration and temperature in the cabin. The air pressure sensor is arranged outside the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform to monitor the wind force outside the cabin.

3. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The compressed air drive module includes an air compressor, a check valve, an air bottle, a stop valve, a pneumatic air outlet and a wind gate. The air outlet of the air compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air bottle through the check valve, and the air outlet of the air bottle is connected to the air inlet of the pneumatic air outlet through the stop valve. At least one ventilation duct connected to the air outlet of the pneumatic air outlet and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform. The wind gate is provided in the ventilation duct, and the stop valve and the wind gate are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit respectively.

4. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The air bottle is connected to a safety valve for releasing gas when the pressure in the air bottle is too high, and the air outlet of the safety valve is connected to a safe area outside the cabin of a dangerous area of ​​a ship or an offshore platform.

5. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The pneumatic air outlet includes but is not limited to a pneumatic fan or a turbine device.

6. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The mechanical spring energy storage drive module includes a spring energy storage device, an energy storage driven fan and a second wind gate. The spring energy storage device is dynamically connected to the energy storage driven fan. At least one ventilation duct second connected to the exhaust port of the energy storage driven fan and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform. The second wind gate is provided in the second ventilation duct. The spring energy storage device and the second wind gate are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit respectively.

7. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: An external wind channel connected to the atmosphere outside the cabin is provided in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform. The natural wind utilization module includes a wind turbine, a fan 1 and a wind gate 3. The wind turbine is arranged outside the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform for wind power generation. The fan 1 is arranged in the external wind channel and is electrically connected to the wind turbine. At least one ventilation duct 3 connected to the exhaust port of the fan 1 and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the cabin of the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform. The wind gate 3 is arranged in the ventilation duct 3. The wind turbine, the fan 1 and the wind gate 3 are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit respectively.

8. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal pressure difference ventilation module includes a ventilator and a wind gate four. The ventilator is arranged on the side wall of the cabin in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform. A chimney effect ventilation duct is arranged on the top of the cabin in the dangerous area of ​​the ship and the offshore platform. The wind gate four is arranged in the chimney effect ventilation duct. The ventilator and the wind gate four are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit.

9. A multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fan ventilation module includes a conventional fan and a wind gate five. At least one ventilation duct four connected to the conventional fan exhaust port and the safe area outside the cabin is provided in the dangerous area cabin of the ship and offshore platform. The wind gate five is arranged in the ventilation duct four. The conventional fan and the wind gate five are electrically connected to the intelligent control unit.

10. A ventilation method for a multi-mode emergency ventilation system in dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms, characterized in that: The multi-mode emergency ventilation system for dangerous areas of ships and offshore platforms as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: The power system and the fan ventilation module operate normally, the intelligent control unit is in a conventional fan control system, and the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module are all in standby mode; When the power of the power system is interrupted or the fan ventilation module fails, the intelligent control unit switches the emergency control system. The intelligent control unit controls one or more non-electrically driven ventilation systems including the compressed air drive module, the mechanical spring energy storage drive module, the natural wind utilization module and the thermal pressure difference ventilation module to perform ventilation operations according to the gas concentration, air pressure and temperature inside and outside the dangerous area of ​​the ship and offshore platform.

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