System and method for monitoring and adjusting full-plough-layer fertilization of corn continuous cropping full-amount straw returning in cold region

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological monitoring, and discloses a cold region corn continuous cropping straw total returning full plough layer fertilization monitoring and adjusting system and method, and the system comprises a monitoring subsystem and a feedback adjusting subsystem which comprises a plurality of monitoring nodes. Each monitoring node comprises a plurality of sensor groups buried in different layer depths of soil; the feedback regulation subsystem comprises a data processing module and a diagnosis module; the data processing module is configured to generate a first monitoring parameter and a second monitoring parameter; the diagnosis module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter and execute diagnosis conditions according to the planting stages of the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter; if the monitoring is in the planting period, executing a first preset adjustment measure; if the monitoring is in a non-planting period, executing a second preset adjustment measure in the monitoring; the system further comprises a storage module and a central processing unit. According to the invention, automatic and intelligent fertilization adjustment is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological monitoring, and in particular relates to a monitoring system and method for returning all the straw of continuous corn cropping to the field and improving fertility in the entire tillage layer in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] In traditional corn cultivation in cold regions, straw treatment methods are mostly burning or partially returning to the field. Burning straw not only wastes resources but also seriously pollutes the environment. The large amount of harmful gases and particulate matter released has a bad impact on air quality, aggravates the greenhouse effect and harms human health. However, due to problems such as limited return amount and uneven return depth, it is difficult to fully realize the potential of returning straw to the field to improve soil fertility.

[0003] The purpose of returning all corn straw to the field is to return all corn straw to the soil, and to evenly distribute and effectively decompose the straw in the entire tillage layer through tillage, so as to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, and enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. However, in the special climate fields in cold regions, factors such as low temperature and freeze-thaw cycles have a significant impact on the straw decomposition rate and soil oxygen conversion process. For example, low temperature will slow down the decomposition of straw by microorganisms, causing straw to accumulate in the soil, which may affect the sowing quality of corn in the next season and the nutrient supply in the early growth period.

[0004] In addition, with the development of agricultural scale, the corn planting area in cold regions continues to expand, and the traditional manual monitoring and management mode can no longer meet the needs of precise management of large-scale farmland. It is urgent to use modern information technology to build an automated and intelligent monitoring system. In view of this, a monitoring and adjustment system and method for returning the full amount of corn straw to the field and fertilizing the entire tillage layer in cold regions is provided. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a monitoring and regulating system and method for returning the entire amount of corn straw to the field and improving fertility in the entire tillage layer in cold regions.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a monitoring and regulating system for returning all the corn straw to the field and improving fertility in the entire tillage layer in cold regions, comprising:

[0007] The monitoring subsystem includes multiple monitoring nodes.

[0008] Each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried in different soil layers, and a first sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups in the same monitoring node, and a second sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups located in the same soil layer in different monitoring nodes;

[0009] The first sensor network is configured to obtain a first preset indicator at different depths of soil from the same monitoring node;

[0010] The second sensor network is configured to obtain a second preset indicator of the same layer depth from different soil monitoring nodes;

[0011] A feedback regulation subsystem, which includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module;

[0012] The data processing module is configured to receive the first preset index and the second preset index from the first sensor network and the second sensor network via the communication module, and generate corresponding first monitoring parameters and second monitoring parameters after preprocessing;

[0013] The diagnostic module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter, and execute diagnostic conditions according to the planting stages of the two;

[0014] If the monitoring is in the planting period, the first preset adjustment measure is executed;

[0015] If this monitoring is in the non-planting period, the second preset adjustment measure is executed in this monitoring;

[0016] a storage module configured to store the first monitoring parameter, the second monitoring parameter, the first preset adjustment measure, and the second preset adjustment measure and generate a log according to a stored timestamp;

[0017] The central processing unit is configured to provide requests and responses to the monitoring subsystem and the feedback regulation subsystem, and is also configured to call the log execution verification.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the sensor group includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;

[0019] The first preset index and the second preset index both include indexes acquired by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, each of the sensors is buried in different depths of soil layers through a carrier at a preset drilling position, and a sampling unit is installed on the carrier corresponding to the soil layer depth where each sensor group is located.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, a surface monitoring subsystem is also included, which includes a temperature sensing unit, a rain gauge and a snow gauge.

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and fertilization of the entire tillage layer in cold regions, which is suitable for implementing the method of the first aspect of the present invention, and comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. In a non-precipitation period, obtaining a first preset indicator sampled from the same first sensor network;

[0024] S2. According to the temperature data and humidity data in the first preset index, obtain the reference temperature data from the topmost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil, and multiple groups of control temperature data and control humidity data from the topmost surface to the bottommost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil;

[0025] S3. Obtaining the soil temperature loss rate and the soil continuous temperature loss rate according to the reference temperature data and the control humidity data;

[0026] S4. Obtaining soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate according to the baseline humidity data and the reference humidity data;

[0027] S5. Sampling soil samples at different depths, obtaining the ratio of straw, humus and intermediates from the soil samples, and calculating the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and intermediate-humus decomposition rate after sampling at intervals;

[0028] S6. When there is no plant root system at the current layer depth, soil samples are collected at the layer depth, and the inorganic content and inorganic dissolution rate are measured by the conductivity method. The inorganic content change rate is obtained after sampling at intervals;

[0029] S7, obtaining the first linear correlation model between the decomposition rate of the straw-intermediate and the inorganic matter content at the same depth;

[0030] S8, obtaining a second linear correlation model of the decomposition rate of the intermediate-humus and the inorganic matter content at the same depth;

[0031] S9, obtaining a third linear correlation model between the temperature and the inorganic matter content at the same depth;

[0032] S10, obtaining an estimated amount of first inorganic matter content at different layer depths according to the first linear correlation model, the second linear correlation model and the third linear correlation model;

[0033] S11, sampling to obtain the actual inorganic content and actual inorganic dissolution rate of the soil at each depth; calculating the inorganic leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss caused by the sedimentation according to the soil moisture sedimentation and soil moisture evaporation of the soil at the depth of the layer, and determining a second inorganic content estimation after removing the leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss from the inorganic content estimation;

[0034] S12, obtaining the difference between the estimated second inorganic substance content and the actual inorganic substance content in all the first sensor networks and the second sensor networks, and obtaining an average correction coefficient;

[0035] S13, sampling a soil sample at any sensor group position and estimating the actual inorganic content of the soil of the sample at any time;

[0036] S14. According to the empirical growth of the corn root system, determine the inorganic matter content requirement of the corn root system at the current soil layer depth at any time and execute the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure.

[0037] As a preferred method, after obtaining the soil moisture change rate and the soil continuous moisture change rate, calculating the soil moisture deposition rate and the soil moisture evaporation rate includes the following steps:

[0038] Acquire soil samples from the corresponding sensor group positions of the same sensor network through a sampling unit, obtain the total water content in the soil samples and then sample at intervals;

[0039] The soil moisture evaporation rate was obtained by comparing the changes in the total moisture content in the soil samples between the two samplings.

[0040] The moisture content at each layer depth from the top to the bottom of the soil plow layer is determined, and the soil moisture change rate at each layer depth is obtained, and then the soil moisture deposition rate is determined based on the soil moisture change rate.

[0041] As a preferred method, it also includes:

[0042] During the rainy season, the current rainfall is obtained from the surface monitoring subsystem to obtain the amount of rainwater entering the entire tillage layer from the soil surface;

[0043] After sampling at intervals, the fourth and fifth linear correlation models between unit rainfall and soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate were obtained;

[0044] Execute the same steps as S2-S14;

[0045] During the snowfall period, obtain the current snowfall, temperature and humidity from the surface monitoring subsystem;

[0046] After sampling at intervals, the linear correlation model of snowmelt between temperature and current snowfall was obtained;

[0047] The amount of water entering the entire tillage layer from the soil surface was calculated based on the linear correlation model of snowmelt;

[0048] Perform the same steps as S2-S14;

[0049] Based on the overall average rainfall and average precipitation, the inorganic matter content in each soil layer at any time during the corn planting period is estimated.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, in step S14, the judgment condition is:

[0051] Constructing a sequence of the growth state of the corn plant for judgment, dividing the corn plant according to the growth state according to the soil layer depth position, obtaining a plant judgment sequence based on the root state and inorganic content of the corn plant and a progressive judgment sequence as the corn plant grows, wherein the progressive judgment sequence is a sequence recorded after each growth of the plant until the bottom of the root system reaches the next deep layer;

[0052] The inorganic content at the current layer depth is recorded as 0 or 1, where 0 means that it does not meet the growth requirements of the current corn plant, and 1 means that it meets the growth requirements of the root system of the current corn plant;

[0053] The first preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence:

[0054] If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number;

[0055] Supplement fertilizer until the inorganic content meets the growth requirements of corn plants, and adjust the amount of straw buried at each depth according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model when the straw is buried in the field next time;

[0056] The second preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence:

[0057] If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number;

[0058] The amount of straw buried at each depth is adjusted according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model.

[0059] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a method for returning all the corn straw to the field and fertilizing the entire plough layer in a cold region after the amount of straw buried is determined, comprising the following steps:

[0060] After the corn plants are harvested, the harvested straw is crushed and laid on the surface of the ground according to the amount of straw buried;

[0061] Carry out ridge turning, and turn the straw on the surface of the ground deep into the full tillage layer;

[0062] Perform land preparation to ensure that the surface flatness of the entire tillage layer is within the preset baseline range;

[0063] Determine the target amount of basal fertilizer for each region based on the target yield per unit area, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the target basal fertilizer is 87%-90% of that when not returned to the field, and the phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are 82%-85%;

[0064] The target amount of topdressing was determined by a base fertilizer to topdressing ratio of 4:6, and during the topdressing period, the actual amount of topdressing in each region was adjusted to meet the target yield per unit area according to the actual soil inorganic matter content obtained in S13.

[0065] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0066] The present invention can accurately understand the soil nutrient status through real-time monitoring and analysis of multiple indicators such as temperature, humidity, straw and humus ratio, inorganic content, etc. at different depths of soil by multiple sensor networks in the system. Based on the constructed linear correlation model, such as straw-intermediate decomposition rate and inorganic content model, the dynamic changes of nutrients in the soil can be accurately predicted, thereby realizing precise fertilization. This avoids the waste of fertilizers and environmental pollution caused by blind fertilization in traditional agriculture, improves fertilizer utilization, reduces agricultural production costs, and at the same time guarantees the demand for nutrients at all stages of corn growth, promotes corn growth and development, and improves corn yield and quality. In addition, the sensor network can collect multi-source data of soil and surface in real time, and the feedback regulation subsystem processes and analyzes these data in a timely manner. Through the diagnostic module, key indicators such as soil fertility, moisture, and temperature are evaluated in real time according to the planting stage and preset diagnostic conditions, such as the requirements of corn root growth on the soil environment. Once an indicator is found to be abnormal or deviates from the suitable range for corn growth, the system can quickly issue an early warning message to remind farmers to take timely measures to intervene. This effectively reduces the risks of poor corn growth, pests and diseases caused by changes in environmental factors or improper management, and improves the stability and reliability of corn planting.

[0067] The present invention can accurately grasp the soil moisture dynamics by collecting and analyzing the temperature and humidity data at different positions of the entire soil plough layer, as well as calculating the soil moisture deposition rate and evaporation rate. The relevant models and monitoring mechanisms established in the non-precipitation period, rainfall period and snowfall period can reasonably formulate irrigation strategies according to the laws of soil moisture changes in different periods. It avoids problems such as soil moisture saturation, poor aeration and nutrient leaching loss caused by excessive irrigation, and also prevents the adverse effects of drought and water shortage on corn growth, improves the efficiency of water resource utilization, saves irrigation water costs, and creates a suitable moisture environment for corn growth.

[0068] The monitoring and analysis of the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and the intermediate-humus decomposition rate, as well as the establishment of related linear models, of the present invention help to gain a deeper understanding of the decomposition process of straw in the full-top soil. By mastering these data, the amount and method of returning straw to the field can be reasonably adjusted in different planting periods according to the actual soil conditions and corn growth requirements. In the non-planting period, the amount of straw buried is adjusted according to the model to promote the effective decomposition and transformation of straw in the soil, increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil structure, and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, providing a continuous and stable soil fertility foundation for continuous corn cropping, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1It is a structural block diagram of the monitoring and regulating system for returning all the corn straw to the field and improving fertility in the entire tillage layer in cold regions provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] In a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 1 As shown, a monitoring and regulating system for returning all the straw to the field and improving fertility in the whole tillage layer of continuous corn cropping in cold regions is provided, comprising:

[0072] The monitoring subsystem includes multiple monitoring nodes.

[0073] Each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried in different soil layers, and a first sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups in the same monitoring node, and a second sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups located in the same soil layer in different monitoring nodes;

[0074] The first sensor network is configured to obtain a first preset indicator at different depths of soil from the same monitoring node;

[0075] The second sensor network is configured to obtain a second preset indicator of the same layer depth from different soil monitoring nodes;

[0076] A feedback regulation subsystem, which includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module;

[0077] The data processing module is configured to receive the first preset index and the second preset index from the first sensor network and the second sensor network via the communication module, and generate corresponding first monitoring parameters and second monitoring parameters after preprocessing;

[0078] The diagnostic module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter, and execute diagnostic conditions according to the planting stages of the two;

[0079] If the monitoring is in the planting period, the first preset adjustment measure is executed;

[0080] If this monitoring is in the non-planting period, the second preset adjustment measure is executed in this monitoring;

[0081] a storage module configured to store the first monitoring parameter, the second monitoring parameter, the first preset adjustment measure, and the second preset adjustment measure and generate a log according to a stored timestamp;

[0082] The central processing unit is configured to provide requests and responses to the monitoring subsystem and the feedback regulation subsystem, and is also configured to call the log execution verification.

[0083] As a preferred embodiment, the sensor group includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;

[0084] The first preset index and the second preset index both include indexes acquired by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0085] As a preferred embodiment, each of the sensors is buried in different depths of soil layers through a carrier at a preset drilling position, and a sampling unit is installed on the carrier corresponding to the soil layer depth where each sensor group is located.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment, a surface monitoring subsystem is also included, which includes a temperature sensing unit, a rain gauge and a snow gauge.

[0087] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and fertilization of the entire tillage layer in cold regions, which is suitable for implementing the method of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and comprises the following steps:

[0088] S1. In a non-precipitation period, obtaining a first preset indicator sampled from the same first sensor network;

[0089] S2. According to the temperature data and humidity data in the first preset index, obtain the reference temperature data from the topmost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil, and multiple groups of control temperature data and control humidity data from the topmost surface to the bottommost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil;

[0090] S3. Obtaining the soil temperature loss rate and the soil continuous temperature loss rate according to the reference temperature data and the control humidity data;

[0091] S4. Obtaining soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate according to the baseline humidity data and the reference humidity data;

[0092] S5. Sampling soil samples at different depths, obtaining the ratio of straw, humus and intermediates from the soil samples, and calculating the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and intermediate-humus decomposition rate after sampling at intervals;

[0093] S6. When there is no plant root system at the current layer depth, soil samples are collected at the layer depth, and the inorganic content and inorganic dissolution rate are measured by the conductivity method. The inorganic content change rate is obtained after sampling at intervals;

[0094] S7, obtaining the first linear correlation model between the decomposition rate of the straw-intermediate and the inorganic matter content at the same depth;

[0095] S8, obtaining a second linear correlation model of the decomposition rate of the intermediate-humus and the inorganic matter content at the same depth;

[0096] S9, obtaining a third linear correlation model between the temperature and the inorganic matter content at the same depth;

[0097] S10, obtaining an estimated amount of first inorganic matter content at different layer depths according to the first linear correlation model, the second linear correlation model and the third linear correlation model;

[0098] S11, sampling to obtain the actual inorganic content and actual inorganic dissolution rate of the soil at each depth; calculating the inorganic leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss caused by the sedimentation according to the soil moisture sedimentation and soil moisture evaporation of the soil at the depth of the layer, and determining a second inorganic content estimation after removing the leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss from the inorganic content estimation;

[0099] S12, obtaining the difference between the estimated second inorganic substance content and the actual inorganic substance content in all the first sensor networks and the second sensor networks, and obtaining an average correction coefficient;

[0100] S13, sampling a soil sample at any sensor group position and estimating the actual inorganic content of the soil of the sample at any time;

[0101] S14. According to the empirical growth of the corn root system, determine the inorganic matter content requirement of the corn root system at the current soil layer depth at any time and execute the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure.

[0102] As a preferred method, after obtaining the soil moisture change rate and the soil continuous moisture change rate, calculating the soil moisture deposition rate and the soil moisture evaporation rate includes the following steps:

[0103] Acquire soil samples from the corresponding sensor group positions of the same sensor network through a sampling unit, obtain the total water content in the soil samples and then sample at intervals;

[0104] The soil moisture evaporation rate was obtained by comparing the changes in the total moisture content in the soil samples between the two samplings.

[0105] The moisture content at each layer depth from the top to the bottom of the soil plow layer is determined, and the soil moisture change rate at each layer depth is obtained, and then the soil moisture deposition rate is determined based on the soil moisture change rate.

[0106] As a preferred method, it also includes:

[0107] During the rainy season, the current rainfall is obtained from the surface monitoring subsystem to obtain the amount of rainwater entering the entire tillage layer from the soil surface;

[0108] After sampling at intervals, the fourth and fifth linear correlation models between unit rainfall and soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate were obtained;

[0109] Execute the same steps as S2-S14;

[0110] During the snowfall period, obtain the current snowfall, temperature and humidity from the surface monitoring subsystem;

[0111] After sampling at intervals, the linear correlation model of snowmelt between temperature and current snowfall was obtained;

[0112] The amount of water entering the entire tillage layer from the soil surface was calculated based on the linear correlation model of snowmelt;

[0113] Execute the same steps as S2-S14;

[0114] Based on the overall average rainfall and average precipitation, the inorganic matter content in each soil layer at any time during the corn planting period is estimated.

[0115] As a preferred embodiment, in step S14, the judgment condition is:

[0116] Constructing a sequence of the growth state of the corn plant for judgment, dividing the corn plant according to the growth state according to the soil layer depth position, obtaining a plant judgment sequence based on the root state and inorganic content of the corn plant and a progressive judgment sequence as the corn plant grows, wherein the progressive judgment sequence is a sequence recorded after each growth of the plant until the bottom of the root system reaches the next deep layer;

[0117] The inorganic content at the current layer depth is recorded as 0 or 1, where 0 means that it does not meet the growth requirements of the current corn plant, and 1 means that it meets the growth requirements of the root system of the current corn plant;

[0118] The first preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence:

[0119] If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number;

[0120] Supplement fertilizer until the inorganic content meets the growth requirements of corn plants, and adjust the amount of straw buried at each depth according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model when the straw is buried in the field next time;

[0121] The second preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence:

[0122] If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number;

[0123] The amount of straw buried at each depth is adjusted according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model.

[0124] Specifically, each unit of the sequence is composed of (root position a#layer depth b, inorganic content c), where a is the location of the root system, b is the layer depth, and c is the inorganic content. For example, when the root position 1 is at layer depth 1 and the inorganic content meets the standard, the unit is recorded as (root position 1#layer depth 1, inorganic content 1). Since the root length of a corn plant is located at multiple layer depths, a plant judgment sequence for the corn plant can be established. In its actual growth process, the corn plant continues to grow, and its roots will be at different layer depths at the same time, so a progressive judgment sequence is established.

[0125] When sampling is not performed during the growth process of the corn plant, since the sensors in the entire tillage layer cannot actually determine the root system, let alone the plant to which it belongs, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the root growth of the corn plant is determined by experience when the corn plant is planted at the current position to fit the various sequences in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the roots of the corn plants included therein are then judged and the roots located in the same first sensor network are regarded as the same plant for judgment.

[0126] It should be noted that the presence of roots in the soil can also be determined by regularly sampling soil samples and used as a verification method in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0127] In the disclosed embodiments, the monitoring of temperature and humidity at different soil depths is used as a growth regulation measure for corn plants. If the temperature and humidity at the soil depth are not suitable for the growth of corn plants, the temperature and humidity are adjusted to the growth requirements of the corn plants through technical means such as covering the ground with film.

[0128] It should be noted that each linear correlation model in the embodiments of the present disclosure is a linear model of a single variable, and the result of changing one variable affects the result of another variable, such as the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and inorganic content in the first linear correlation model. The first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model can directly infer the change of inorganic content in the process of straw to intermediate and intermediate to humus, so as to infer the inorganic content in the subsequent calculation process, and in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the inorganic content is determined by the conductivity method, and then the relevant model is established. The other linear correlation models in the embodiments of the present disclosure are also the first linear correlation model as described in the example, and the linear parameters of the linear correlation are determined by the relationship between multiple samples. The establishment of the linear correlation model is a common mathematical model establishment method in this field, which will not be repeated for the sake of brevity.

[0129] A third aspect of the disclosed embodiment further provides a method for fertilizing the entire cultivated layer by returning all the corn straws grown continuously in cold regions to the field after the amount of straw buried is determined, comprising the following steps:

[0130] After the corn plants are harvested, the harvested straw is crushed and laid on the surface of the ground according to the amount of straw buried;

[0131] Carry out ridge turning, and turn the straw on the surface of the ground deep into the full tillage layer;

[0132] Perform land preparation to ensure that the surface flatness of the entire tillage layer is within the preset baseline range;

[0133] Determine the target amount of basal fertilizer for each region based on the target yield per unit area, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the target basal fertilizer is 87%-90% of that when not returned to the field, and the phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are 82%-85%;

[0134] The target amount of topdressing was determined by a base fertilizer to topdressing ratio of 4:6, and during the topdressing period, the actual amount of topdressing in each region was adjusted to meet the target yield per unit area according to the actual soil inorganic matter content obtained in S13.

[0135] Among them, in the embodiment S13 of the present disclosure, a means of measuring the actual inorganic content of the soil is provided. Therefore, based on the soil fertility required for the target yield per unit area when not returning to the field, the theoretical inorganic yield of the buried straw is fitted to the empirical value to obtain the actual fertilization amount of various fertilizers of the target base fertilizer amount. It should be noted that the amount of straw buried in the method provided in the second aspect of the present disclosure has been used as a pre-regulatory means for insufficient fertility. Therefore, the empirical coefficient is used for adjustment in the method of the third aspect to ensure sufficient fertility under the premise of soil heterogeneity in cold regions. The system and method provided by the first, second, and third aspects of the present disclosure implement scientific and precise agricultural production control on the premise of accurately providing monitoring measures.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these effects are performed in hardware or software may depend on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. The technicians may use different methods for each specific application to implement the described effects, but such implementations should not be considered to exceed the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The technicians may clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices, devices and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0137] The flowchart and block diagram in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, role and operation of the device, method and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of the code, and the module, the program segment or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical role. In some alternative implementations, the role marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, which can depend on the role involved. In the description corresponding to the flowchart and the block diagram in the accompanying drawings, the operations or steps corresponding to different boxes can also occur in a different order from the order disclosed in the description, and sometimes there is no specific order between different operations or steps. For example, two consecutive operations or steps can actually be executed in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, which can depend on the role involved. Each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based device that performs the specified role or action, or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

Claims

1. A monitoring and regulating system for returning all the straw to the field and fertilizing the entire tillage layer of corn in cold regions, characterized in that: include: The monitoring subsystem includes multiple monitoring nodes. Each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried in different soil layers, and a first sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups in the same monitoring node, and a second sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups located in the same soil layer in different monitoring nodes; The first sensor network is configured to obtain a first preset indicator at different depths of soil from the same monitoring node; The second sensor network is configured to obtain a second preset indicator of the same layer depth from different soil monitoring nodes; A feedback regulation subsystem, which includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module; The data processing module is configured to receive the first preset index and the second preset index from the first sensor network and the second sensor network via the communication module, and generate corresponding first monitoring parameters and second monitoring parameters after preprocessing; The diagnostic module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter, and execute diagnostic conditions according to the planting stages of the two; If the monitoring is in the planting period, the first preset adjustment measure is executed; If this monitoring is in the non-planting period, the second preset adjustment measure is executed in this monitoring; a storage module configured to store the first monitoring parameter, the second monitoring parameter, the first preset adjustment measure, and the second preset adjustment measure and generate a log according to a stored timestamp; The central processing unit is configured to provide requests and responses to the monitoring subsystem and the feedback regulation subsystem, and is also configured to call the log execution verification.

2. The cold region continuous corn cropping straw full return to field full tillage layer fertilization monitoring and regulating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor groups each include a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor; The first preset index and the second preset index both include indexes acquired by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

3. The cold region continuous corn cropping straw full return to field full tillage layer fertilization monitoring and regulating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the sensors is buried in a different depth of the soil layer through a carrier at a preset drilling position, and a sampling unit is installed on the carrier corresponding to the soil layer depth position where each sensor group is located.

4. The cold region continuous corn cropping straw full return to field full tillage layer fertilization monitoring and regulating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also included is a surface monitoring subsystem that includes a temperature sensing unit, a rain gauge, and a snow gauge.

5. A method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and fertilization of the entire tillage layer in cold regions, suitable for implementing the system described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. In a non-precipitation period, obtaining a first preset indicator sampled from the same first sensor network; S2. According to the temperature data and humidity data in the first preset index, obtain the reference temperature data from the topmost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil, and multiple groups of control temperature data and control humidity data from the topmost surface to the bottommost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil; S3. Obtaining the soil temperature loss rate and the soil continuous temperature loss rate according to the reference temperature data and the control humidity data; S4. Obtaining soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate according to the baseline humidity data and the reference humidity data; S5. Sampling soil samples at different depths, obtaining the ratio of straw, humus and intermediates from the soil samples, and calculating the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and intermediate-humus decomposition rate after sampling at intervals; S6. When there is no plant root system at the current layer depth, soil samples are collected at the layer depth, and the inorganic content and inorganic dissolution rate are measured by the conductivity method. The inorganic content change rate is obtained after sampling at intervals; S7, obtaining the first linear correlation model between the decomposition rate of the straw-intermediate and the inorganic matter content at the same depth; S8, obtaining a second linear correlation model of the decomposition rate of the intermediate-humus and the inorganic matter content at the same depth; S9, obtaining a third linear correlation model between the temperature and the inorganic matter content at the same depth; S10, obtaining an estimated amount of first inorganic matter content at different layer depths according to the first linear correlation model, the second linear correlation model and the third linear correlation model; S11, sampling to obtain the actual inorganic content and actual inorganic dissolution rate of the soil at each depth; calculating the inorganic leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss caused by the sedimentation according to the soil moisture sedimentation and soil moisture evaporation of the soil at the depth of the layer, and determining a second inorganic content estimation after removing the leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss from the inorganic content estimation; S12, obtaining the difference between the estimated second inorganic substance content and the actual inorganic substance content in all the first sensor networks and the second sensor networks, and obtaining an average correction coefficient; S13, sampling a soil sample at any sensor group position and estimating the actual inorganic content of the soil of the sample at any time; S14. According to the empirical growth of the corn root system, determine the inorganic matter content requirement of the corn root system at the current soil layer depth at any time and execute the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure.

6. The method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and full plough layer fertilization in cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: After obtaining the soil moisture change rate and the soil continuous moisture change rate, calculating the soil moisture deposition rate and the soil moisture evaporation rate includes the following steps: Acquire soil samples from the corresponding sensor group positions of the same sensor network through a sampling unit, obtain the total water content in the soil samples and then sample at intervals; The soil moisture evaporation rate was obtained by comparing the changes in the total moisture content in the soil samples between the two samplings. The moisture content at each layer depth from the top to the bottom of the soil plow layer is determined, and the soil moisture change rate at each layer depth is obtained, and then the soil moisture deposition rate is determined based on the soil moisture change rate.

7. The method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and full plough layer fertilization in cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: During the rainy season, the current rainfall is obtained from the surface monitoring subsystem to obtain the amount of rainwater entering the entire tillage layer from the soil surface; After sampling at intervals, the fourth and fifth linear correlation models between unit rainfall and soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate were obtained; Execute the same steps as S2-S14; During the snowfall period, obtain the current snowfall, temperature and humidity from the surface monitoring subsystem; After sampling at intervals, the linear correlation model of snowmelt between temperature and current snowfall was obtained; The amount of water entering the entire tillage layer from the soil surface was calculated based on the linear correlation model of snowmelt; Execute the same steps as S2-S14; Based on the overall average rainfall and average precipitation, the inorganic matter content in each soil layer at any time during the corn planting period is estimated.

8. The method for monitoring and regulating continuous corn cropping in cold regions and continuous corn cropping in cold regions and fertilizing the entire cultivated layer by returning all the straw to the field according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step S14, the judgment condition is: Constructing a sequence of the growth state of the corn plant for judgment, dividing the corn plant according to the growth state according to the soil layer depth position, obtaining a plant judgment sequence based on the root state and inorganic content of the corn plant and a progressive judgment sequence as the corn plant grows, wherein the progressive judgment sequence is a sequence recorded after each growth of the plant until the bottom of the root system reaches the next deep layer; The inorganic content at the current layer depth is recorded as 0 or 1, where 0 means that it does not meet the growth requirements of the current corn plant, and 1 means that it meets the growth requirements of the root system of the current corn plant; The first preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence: If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number; Supplement fertilizer until the inorganic content meets the growth requirements of corn plants, and adjust the amount of straw buried at each depth according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model when the straw is buried in the field next time; The second preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence: If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number; The amount of straw buried at each depth is adjusted according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model.

9. A method for fertilizing the entire cultivated layer of corn continuous cropping straw after the straw embedding amount is determined in claim 8, characterized in that: The steps include: After the corn plants are harvested, the harvested straw is crushed and laid on the surface of the ground according to the amount of straw buried; Carry out ridge turning, and turn the straw on the surface of the ground deep into the full tillage layer; Perform land preparation to ensure that the surface flatness of the entire tillage layer is within the preset baseline range; Determine the target amount of basal fertilizer for each region based on the target yield per unit area, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the target basal fertilizer is 87%-90% of that when not returned to the field, and the phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are 82%-85%; The target amount of topdressing was determined by a base fertilizer to topdressing ratio of 4:6, and during the topdressing period, the actual amount of topdressing in each region was adjusted to meet the target yield per unit area according to the actual soil inorganic matter content obtained in S13.

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